Introduction
1. R. B. C. Huygens, ed., with a contribution by Giles Constable, “Apologia de Barbis,” in Apologiae Duae (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Series, 1985).
2. Dilwyn Knox, Ironia: Medieval and Renaissance Ideas on Irony (Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1989), 81.
3. Thomas S. Gowing, The Philosophy of Beards (London: British Library, 2014).
4. Francis Bacon, Essays and Apothegms of Francis Lord Bacon (London: W. Scott, 1894), 235.
5. Liberty University Student Teaching Handbook (Lynchburg, VA: Liberty University, 2009), 18.
Chapter 1: Ignatius of Antioch—Lion Food (And Loving It!)
1. “Ignatius to the Romans,” Early Christian Writings, from Apostolic Fathers (New York: Lightfoot and Harmer, 1891), www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/ignatius-romans-lightfoot.html.
2. Kevin Knight, ed., “The Martyrdom of Ignatius,” New Advent, www.newadvent.org/fathers/0123.htm.
3. “Ignatius to the Philadelphians,” Early Christian Writings, from Apostolic Fathers (New York: Lightfoot and Harmer, 1891), www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/ignatius-philadelphians-roberts.html.
4. Kevin Knight, ed., “The Epistle of Ignatius to the Ephesians,” New Advent, www.newadvent.org/fathers/0104.htm.
5. Ignatius, The Epistles of Ignatius (London: Aeterna Press), chapter V.
6. Knight, “The Martyrdom of Ignatius.”
7. Knight, “The Epistle of Ignatius to the Ephesians.”
Chapter 2: Good King Wenceslas—The Merry Christmas Boxer
1. Mark Forsyth, A Christmas Cornucopia: The Hidden Stories Behind Our Yuletide Traditions (London: Penguin UK, 2016).
Chapter 3: Saint Boniface (Versus the Mighty Thor!)
1. Henry van Dyke, The First Christmas Tree and the Story of the Other Wise Men (North Chelmsford, MA: Courier, 2013), 27.
2. William J. Federer, There Really Is a Santa Claus: The History of Saint Nicholas and Christmas Holiday Traditions (St. Louis, MO: Amerisearch, 2002), 47.
3. Roberts Liardon, God’s Generals: The Martyrs (New Kensington, PA: Whitaker House, 2016).
Chapter 4: Moses the Black—The Murderer Marauder Martyr
1. “History of St. Moses the Black Priory,” St. Moses the Black Priory, 2009, www.stmosestheblackpriory.org/about_history.html.
2. Jared Brock, A Year of Living Prayerfully (Colorado Springs: NavPress, 2016), 280.
3. Ibid.
Chapter 5: D. L. Moody—Gospel, Music
1. William Revell Moody, The Life of Dwight L. Moody (Murfreesboro, TN: Sword of the Lord, 1980), 41.
2. Edgar Johnson Goodspeed, A Full History of the Wonderful Career of Moody and Sankey in Great Britain and America (New York: Henry S. Goodspeed and Co., 1876), 24.
3. Ibid.
4. Moody, The Life of Dwight L. Moody, 82.
5. Goodspeed, A Full History of the Wonderful Career of Moody and Sankey in Great Britain and America, 29.
6. Ibid., 38.
7. Ibid., 28.
8. Ira David Sankey, Sacred Songs and Solos: Twelve Hundred Hymns (London: FB & C, 2016).
9. Goodspeed, A Full History of the Wonderful Career of Moody and Sankey in Great Britain and America, 25.
10. Ibid., 15.
11. George Thompson Brown Davis, Dwight L. Moody, the Man and His Mission (Chicago: K. T. Boland, 1900), 168.
12. Moody, The Life of Dwight L. Moody, 55.
13. C. S. Lewis, The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe (New York: Macmillan, 1983), 99.
14. C. S. Lewis, That Hideous Strength (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 140.
Chapter 6: Daniel Nash—Spiritual Napalm
1. J. Paul Reno, Daniel Nash: Prevailing Prince of Prayer (Asheville, NC: Revival Literature, 1989).
2. "Daniel Nash: Prevailing Prince of Prayer," The Interceders, www.prayforrevival.org.uk/encourager35.html.
3. Bryan Cutshall, Armorbearers: Strength and Support for Spiritual Leaders (New Kensington, PA: Whitaker House, 2013).
4. J. Paul Reno, “Prevailing Prince of Prayer (Daniel Nash)—J Paul Reno,” Hope Faith Prayer, 1989, www.hopefaithprayer.com/prayernew/prevailing-prince-prayer-daniel-nash/.
5. Christopher Oldstone-Moore, Of Beards and Man: The Revealing History of Facial Hair (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015), 161.
6. C. S. Lewis, The Screwtape Letters and Screwtape Proposes a Toast (New York: Macmillan, 1961), 102.
Chapter 7: Saint Luka of Crimea—Doctor of the Church
1. “Saint Luke the Surgeon, Archbishop of Crimea (1877–1961),” Pemptousia.com, June 11, 2013, pemptousia.com/2013/06/saint-luke-the-surgeon-archbishop-of-the-crimea-1877–1961-june-11/.
2. “Life of Saint Luke of Simferopol and Crimea,” Mystagogy Resource Center (blog), June 11, 2010, www.johnsanidopoulos.com/2010/06/life-of-saint-luke-of-simferopol-and.html.
3. Victor Potapov, “One Who Came to Love Suffering,” Pravoslavie.ru, June 11, 2013, www.pravoslavie.ru/62097.html.
4. Stavros J. Baloyannis, “Saint Luke Metropolitan of Simferopol as Physician, Surgeon and Academic Professor,” Encephalos, 52, no. 3 (July–September 2015).
5. Potapov, “One Who Came to Love Suffering.”
6. G. K. Chesterton, Tremendous Trifles (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2016), chapter 19.
Chapter 8: Frederick Douglass—Abolitionist Extraordinaire
1. Niral R. Burnett, Voices of Hope: Timeless Expressions of Faith from African Americans (Colorado Springs: Honor Books, 2005), 141–42.
2. “Frederick Douglass,” Goodreads, accessed July 20, 2017, www.goodreads.com/quotes/335571-once-you-learn-to-read-you-will-be-forever-free.
3. Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave (New York: Cosimo, 2008), 71.
4. “Frederick Douglass Biography,” Biography.com, updated February 1, 2016, www.biography.com/people/frederick-douglass-9278324.
5. Frederick Douglass, Frederick Douglass on Slavery and the Civil War (North Chelmsford, MA: Courier, 2014), 41.
Chapter 9: John the Baptist—Less Is More
1. “San Juan Baptista,” Solstice Chronicles, accessed July 20, 2017, solsticechronicles.org/#!/services-view/san-juan-bautistas.
2. Charles Souvay, “St. John the Baptist,” New Advent, accessed March 19, 2017, www.newadvent.org/cathen/08486b.htm.
3. Edward Graham, “Essenes,” New Advent, accessed March 19, 2017, www.newadvent.org/cathen/05546a.htm.
Chapter 10: Dirk Willems—Anabaptist Lifeguard Martyr
1. Neta Jackson, The Complete Book of Christian Heroes: Over 200 Stories of Courageous People Who Suffered for Jesus (Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House, 2004), 379–80.
2. Ibid., 380.
Chapter 11: Sir Thomas More—The Beard Hath Committed No Treason!
1. Henry Smith Williams, The Historians’ History of the World: England, 1485–1642 (New York: Outlook Company, 1904), 154–55.
2. Gilbert Huddleston, “Sir Thomas More,” New Advent, accessed March 19, 2017, www.newadvent.org/cathen/14689c.htm.
3. “Pilgrimage to the Home of Sir Thomas More,” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, 1, no. 3 (August 1850), www.gutenberg.org/files/29655/29655-h/29655-h.htm.
4. “Christian History: 1534 The Act of Supremacy,” Christianity Today, accessed March 19, 2017, www.christianitytoday.com/history/issues/issue-28/1534-act-of-supremacy.html.
5. Sir Thomas More, Utopia: With the “Dialogue of Comfort” (London: J. M. Dent & Sons, 1957), 394.
6. William Cobbett, Thomas Bayly Howell, and David Jardine, Cobbett’s Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason (Charleston, SC: BiblioLife, 2015), 396.
7. Gerard Wegemer and Stephen W. Smith, A Thomas More Source Book (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2004), 357.
8. Thomas More, The Last Letters of Thomas More (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2001), 114.
9. Frederick Buechner, Beyond Words: Daily Readings in the ABC’s of Faith (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2009), 61.
Chapter 12: Charles Spurgeon—Cigar-Chomping Prince of Preachers
1. “Charles Spurgeon: England’s ‘Prince of Preachers,’” Christian History Institute, issue 29 (1991), www.christianhistoryinstitute.org/magazine/issue/charles-spurgeon-englands-prince-of-preachers/.
2. G. Holden Pike, The Life and Work of Charles Haddon Spurgeon, 5 vols. (London: Cassel, n.d.), 5:138-40.
3. Andrew Steinmetz, The Smoker’s Guide, Philosopher and Friend (London: Hardwicke & Bogue, 1876), 78.
4. “Spurgeon’s Love of Fine Cigars,” The Spurgeon Archive, www.romans45.org/spurgeon/misc/cigars.htm.
5. Trevin Wax, “Spurgeon the Drinker: The Rest of the Story,” The Aquila Report, www.theaquilareport.com/spurgeon-the-drinker-the-rest-of-the-story/.
6. “Philip Yancey Quotes,” Goodreads, accessed July 31, 2017, www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/9204.Philip_Yancey.
7. C. H. Spurgeon, “Salvation of the Lord,” The Spurgeon Archive, sermon 131, http://archive.spurgeon.org/sermons/0131.php.
8. Christian George, “Spurgeon Almost Quit,” Desiring God, www.desiringgod.org/articles/spurgeon-almost-quit.
Chapter 13: G. K. Chesterton—Frenemy
1. Maisie Ward, Gilbert Keith Chesterton (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006), 323.
2. Gilbert Keith Chesterton, The Paradoxes of Mr. Pond (North Chelmsford, MA: Courier, 1937), 35.
3. G. K. Chesterton, Orthodoxy (North Chelmsford, MA: Courier, 2012), 94.
4. G. K. Chesterton, What’s Wrong with the World (London: Aeterna Press, 1910), 13.
5. Paul Asay, “G. K. Chesterton: The Sinner Who Might Be a Saint,” Six Seeds (blog), March 20, 2015, sixseeds.patheos.com/watchinggod/2015/03/g-k-chesterton-the-sinner-who-might-be-a-saint/.
6. Ward, Gilbert Keith Chesterton, 496.
7. G. K. Chesterton, G. K. Chesterton: The Autobiography, ed. Randall Paine, (San Francisco: Ignatius, 2014), 221.
8. Ward, Gilbert Keith Chesterton, 371.
9. Hugh Latimer, Sermons (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1906), accessed by Project Canterbury, March 20, 2017, anglicanhistory.org/reformation/latimer/sermons/.
10. James E. Kiefer, “Hugh Latimer, Bishop and Martyr,” Biographical Sketches of Memorable Christians of the Past, accessed March 20, 2017, www.justus.anglican.org/resources/bio/269.html.
Chapter 14: C. T. Studd—Mustachioed Gospel Cricketer
1. Eric Gilmour, “The Little Foxes and ‘the D.C.D. Soldiers,’” Voice of Revolution, May 9, 2011, accessed July 20, 2017, www.voiceofrevolution.com/2011/05/09/the-little-foxes-and-the-d-c-d-soldiers/.
2. “History of Mission: C. T. Studd,” Traveling Team, accessed March 20, 2017, www.thetravelingteam.org/articles/ct-studd.
3. “Charles Thomas (C. T.) Studd,” European American Evangelistic Crusades, accessed March 20, 2017, www.eaec.org/faithhallfame/ctstudd.htm.
4. Ibid.
5. “History of Mission: C. T. Studd.”
6. Dan Graves, “C. T. Studd Gave Huge Inheritance Away,” Christianity.com, May 2007, www.christianity.com/church/church-history/timeline/1801–1900/c-t-studd-gave-huge-inheritance-away-11630616.html.
7. Norman Grubb, C. T. Studd: Cricketer & Pioneer (Cambridge: Lutterworth, 2014).
8. Graves, “C. T. Studd Gave Huge Inheritance Away.”
9. Stephen Ross, “Charles Thomas (C. T.) Studd,” Wholesome Words: Missionary Biographies, accessed March 20, 2017, www.wholesomewords.org/missions/biostudd.html.
10. Zacharias Tanee Fomum, Church Planting Strategies (CreateSpace, 2017).
11. “History of Mission: C. T. Studd.”
12. “Objectives,” WEC International, accessed March 20, 2017, www.wecinternational.org/who-is-wec/objectives.php.
13. Ross, “Charles Thomas (C. T.) Studd.”
14. Grubb, C. T. Studd: Cricketer and Pioneer, 203–4.
15. Ibid, 129-130.
Chapter 15: Zacchaeus—Of Camels and Trees
1. The Sacred Writings of Apostolic Teachings and Constitutions (Lochsberg, Germany: Jazzybee Verlag, 2012), sec. 4.
Chapter 16: Saint Valentine—Patron Saint of Lovers (and Beekeepers)
1. Brendan Nolan, Dublin Folk Tales (Stroud, UK: The History Press, 2011).
2. Ted Olsen, “Then Again Maybe Don’t Be My Valentine,” Christianity Today, February 1, 2000, www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2000/februaryweb-only/11.0a.html.
3. “Valentine’s Day,” Religion Facts, accessed March 20, 2017, www.religionfacts.com/valentines-day.
4. Ibid.
Chapter 17: Joseph of Cupertino--The Beard Who Could Fly
1. Angelo Pastrovicchi, St. Joseph of Cupertino (St. Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Co., 1918), 118.
2. Ibid., 30, 61.
3. Ibid., 92.
4. Ibid., 22.
5. Ibid., 25.
6. Frank Sheed, Saints Are Not Sad: Short Biographies of Joyful Saints (San Francisco: Ignatius, 2012), 387.
7. Pastrovicchi, St. Joseph of Cupertino, 119.
Chapter 18: Festo Kivengere—The Billy Graham of Africa
1. “Festo Kivengere,” Dictionary of African Christian Biography, accessed March 21, 2017, www.dacb.org/stories/uganda/kivengere _festo.html.
2. Bridgette Kasuka, Prominent African Leaders Since Independence (Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: New Africa Press, 2013), 92
3. “7 Popular Quotes of Idi Amin of Uganda,” Nigerian Bulletin, accessed July 31, 2017, www.nigerianbulletin.com/threads/list-7-popular-quotes-of-idi-amin-of-uganda.144875/.
4. “Festo Kivengere,” Dictionary of African Christian Biography.
5. Michael Newton, Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2014), 305.
6. Richard H. Schmidt, Glorious Companions: Five Centuries of Anglican Spirituality (Grand Rapids: Eerdman’s, 2002), 314.
7. “Festo Kivengere,” Dictionary of African Christian Biography.
Chapter 19: Keith Green—You Put This Love in My Heart
1. Melody Green, No Compromise: The Life Story of Keith Green (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2008), 37.
2. Ibid., 148.
3. Keith Green, “The Man Behind the Message,” Last Days Ministries, January 13, 2012, www.lastdaysministries.org/Groups/1000086203/Last_Days_Ministries/Articles/By_Keith_Green/Keith_Green _The/Keith_Green_The.aspx.
Chapter 20: Agnes Bojaxhiu—Is That Even a Dude’s Name?
1. Mother Teresa, Mother Teresa: Come Be My Light, ed. Brian Kolodiejchuk (New York: DoubleDay, 2007), 192–93.
2. Ibid., 210.
3. Ibid., 187.
4. Ibid., 288.
5. Mother Teresa, Blessed Mother Teresa (London: St. Paul’s, 2003), 1.
Chapter 21: Saint Augustine—Earnest, Active, Vigorous, Bearded
1. Augustine, Confessions of St. Augustine, bk. 2 (London: Watkins Media Limited, 2002), chap. 9.
2. Augustine, Confessions of St. Augustine (London: Burns and Oates, 1954), xvi.
3. Augustine, Confessions of St. Augustine, bk. 7 (London: Watkins Media Limited, 2002), chap. 20.
4. Ibid., chap. 5.
5. Ibid., chap. 12.
6. Kevin Knight, ed., “Exposition on Psalm 133,” New Advent, accessed March 21, 2017, www.newadvent.org/fathers/1801133.htm.
7. I am indebted to Dr. Anthony L. Lillies for introducing me to this concept in his book Fire from Above: Christian Contemplation and Mystical Wisdom (Bedford, NH: Sophia Institute Press, 2016).
Chapter 22: Johannes Kepler—Bearded Space Man
1. “Johannes Kepler,” NASA: Ames Research Center, accessed March 21, 2017, https://kepler.nasa.gov/Mission/JohannesKepler/.
2. Christine Dao, “Man of Science, Man of God: Johann Kepler,” Institute for Creation Research, accessed July 21, 2017, www.icr.org/article/science-man-god-johann-kepler/.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Ann Lamont, “Johannes Kepler: Outstanding Scientist and Committed Christian,” December 1, 1992, Answers in Genesis, www.answersingenesis.org/creation-scientists/profiles/johannes-kepler/.
8. Ibid.
9. Dao, “Man of Science, Man of God.”
10. “History,” Samaritan’s Purse, accessed March 20, 2017, www.samaritanspurse.org/our-ministry/history/.
11. Maltbie D. Babcock, “This Is My Father’s World,” 1901, www.hymnary.org/text/this_is_my_fathers_world_and_to_my.
12. “Maya Angelou Quotes,” Goodreads, www.goodreads.com/quotes/7273813-do-the-best-you-can-until-you-know-better-then.
Chapter 23: Saint Denis—Heads Above the Rest
1. Kevin Knight, ed., “Chapter 39: The Persecution Under Decius, and the Sufferings of the Origen,” New Advent, March 21, 2017, www.newadvent.org/fathers/250106.htm.
Chapter 24: Francis Schaeffer—Fundamentalist for Jesus
1. Francis Schaeffer, True Spirituality (Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House, 2012), 155–56.
2. Ibid., xxx.
3. “Francis Schaeffer on Hospitality,” Church of the Resurrection, January 2009, rezchurch.org/2009/01/francis-schaeffer-on-hospitality/.
4. Edith Schaeffer, “L’Abri Fellowship,” L’Abri Fellowship International, accessed March 21, 2017, www.labri.org/history.html.
5. Michael S. Hamilton, “The Dissatisfaction of Francis Schaeffer,” Christianity Today, March 3, 1997, www.christianitytoday.com/ct/1997/march3/7t322a.html.
6. Ibid.
7. Francis A. Schaeffer, A Christian View of the Church (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 1994), 71.
8. Owen Strachan, “Everything but the Knickers: The Enduring Significance of Francis Schaeffer,” The Gospel Coalition, September 14, 2011, www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/everything-but-the-knickers-the-enduring-significance-of-francis-schaeffer.
9. Schaeffer, A Christian View of the Church, 93.
Chapter 25: Saint Patrick—Slave to Snake Fighter
1. William Federer, Saint Patrick (St. Louis, MO: Amerisearch, 2002), 15.
2. “The Confession of St. Patrick,” EWTN, 1996, www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/PATCONF.htm.
3. Patrick Moran, “St. Patrick,” New Advent, accessed March 20, 2017, www.newadvent.org/cathen/11554a.htm.
4. “Lorica of Saint Patrick,” EWTN, accessed March 20, 2017, www.ewtn.com/devotionals/prayers/patrick.htm.
5. Jocelin of Furness, The Life and Acts of Saint Patrick (Dublin: Hibernia Press Company, 1809), 96–97.
Chapter 26: Thomas Barnardo—Mutton-Chopped City Builder
1. “The History of Barnado’s,” Believe in Children: Barnardo’s, accessed March 20, 2017, www.barnardos.org.uk/barnardo_s_history.pdf.
2. “Dr. Thomas Barnardo,” Casebook: Jack the Ripper, accessed March 20, 2017, www.casebook.org/ripper_media/book_reviews/non-fiction/cjmorley/12.html.
Chapter 27: Josiah Henson—A Great North American
1. Josiah Henson, Uncle Tom’s Story of His Life (London: Christian Age Office, 1876), 29.
2. Ibid., 31.
3. Ibid., 32.
4. Joan Mueller, Clare of Assisi: The Letters to Agnes (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 2003), 98.
Chapter 28: Charles Monroe Sheldon—More Than Bracelets
1. “The Story of ‘In His Steps,’” Master’s Image Productions (blog), August 2, 1996, www.mastersimage.com/the-story-of-in-his-steps/.
2. “Charles Monroe Sheldon/Central Congregational Church Collection,” Kansas Historical Society, collection 222, accessed March 20, 2017, www.kshs.org/p/charles-monroe-sheldon-central-congregational-church-collection/14115.
3. “The Story of ‘In His Steps.’”
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. “Confirmed: Grand Theft Auto 5 Breaks 6 Sales World Records,” Guiness World Records, 2014, www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2013/10/confirmed-grand-theft-auto-breaks-six-sales-world-records-51900.
9. “Revenue of the New York Yankees (MLB) from 2001 to 2015 (in Million U.S. Dollars),” Statista: The Statistics Portal, 2015, https://www.statista.com/statistics/196673/revenue-of-the-new-york-yankees-since-2006/.
Chapter 29: Saint Nicholas—He Came Here to Give Presents and Slap Heretics. And He’s All Out of Presents.
1. “Nicene Creed,” Association of Free Lutheran Congregations, accessed March 21, 2017, https://www.aflc.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Creeds.pdf.
2. “Saint Nicholas of Myra Bishop, Confessor c. 342,” EWTN, accessed March 21, 2017, www.ewtn.com/library/mary/nicholas.htm.
Chapter 30: William Booth—Prophet of the Poor
1. “William Booth: The Founder of the Salvation Army,” The Salvation Army, accessed March 21, 2017, https://www.salvationarmy.org.uk/history-william-booth.
2. “William Booth: First General of the Salvation Army,” Christianity Today, accessed March 21, 2017, www.christianitytoday.com/history/people/activists/william-booth.html.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Eliakum Littell and Robert S. Littell, Littell’s Living Age, vol. 179 (New York: T. H. Carter & Company, 1888), 313.
6. “William Booth: The Founder of the Salvation Army.”
7. “William Booth: First General of the Salvation Army.”
8. “Soup, Soap and Salvation,” The Salvation Army, accessed March 21, 2017, www.salvationarmy.org.nz/our-community/bcm/archives-heritage/did-you-know/soup-soap-and-salvation.
9. “William Booth: The Founder of the Salvation Army.”
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Dr. Purushothaman, Words of Wisdom, vol. 5 (Kollam, India: Centre for Human Perfection, 1987), 83.