4. There are several English translations of the entire Mūlamadhyamakakārikā: Streng 1967; Inada 1970, Kalupahana 1986, Garfield 1995, Batchelor 2000. A partial translation of Candrakīrti’s commentary, Prasannapadā, is available in English (Sprung 1979), and a complete translation of Tsongkhapa’s commentary (Ocean of Reasoning) is available (Tsongkhapa 2006). The following translation originally appeared in Garfield, 1995. We gratefully acknowledge permission to republish this work.