15. This text uses fangbian for the second prajñapti (the Short Version called the second prajñapti “figurative expressions concerning the past”). Fangbian would become the standard Chinese equivalent for upāya (expedient means). Here, reflecting an early Chinese usage in which fangbian means to diplomatically express something without explicitly saying what one means directly or bluntly, it would appear to mean “metaphorical device,” i.e., a linguistic device that indirectly expresses something that proves beneficial. The Longer Version will give a greatly expanded explanation of the second prajñapti that is not restricted only to the past, but that covers the “three times,” i.e., past, present and future.