INDEX
Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.
Abraham: Breton on Christ as fulfillment of covenant with, 20–25, 131n9; vs. Moses, as faith vs. law in Breton, 22–25
Adam: erasure of, 6–9
Adam, in Badiou: erasure of, 6, 8, 60; as inventor of death, 42, 60, 66–67, 91, 127–28n41
Adam, in Breton, erasure of, 6, 7–8, 17, 21–22, 23, 25, 30, 34–35, 91
Adam, in Žižek: as corporate person, 82, 92; erasure of, 6, 8–9, 91; identity with Christ, 78–79, 79–80, 91; as man without properties, 82
Adam-Christ typology, 3; Agamben on, 9–10; anthropological aporia generated by, 4–6, 13, 24, 31, 85, 94, 98; Badiou’s ignoring of, 42, 60–61, 62; central importance to contemporary theological anthropology, 86; as “dialectic at a standstill,” 131n27; humans as situated in interval of, 3–4, 21; irreducibly embodied dimensions of, 4; and life-death opposition, complication of, 69–71; mainstream Christian theology and, 89–90; On the Origin of the World (Nag Hammadi text) on, 103; shattering of, 113; as unbreakable pairing, 7. See also entries under Adam
Adam-Christ typology, and sexual difference: as aporia demanding attention, 6, 13, 24, 61, 85, 91, 94, 98; Christian efforts to reconcile, 5–6, 7, 31, 61, 96, 98–104, 108–9; and undermining of typological coherence, 88–89, 104–5, 105–8, 109–10, 112–13; as irreconcilable tension, 98–104
Adam-Christ typology, as frame for Christian anthropological possibilities, 88; and anthropological universal, necessity of resisting, 88; early Christian efforts to incorporate sexual difference and, 100, 101–2; female body as stumbling point in, 88, 96–97, 100, 101–2, 104–5, 109–10; incoherence of, as call to think bodily difference otherwise, 110; mainstream Christian theology and, 90; ongoing value of, 96–97, 113; and sexual difference as spectral presence, 88–89, 104–5, 105–8, 109; shaping and limiting of sexual identities by, 96
Adam-Christ typology, Žižek on: collapsing of, 8, 80–81, 84, 92; in critique of Badiou, 67; early disregard of, 69–71; identity of Adam and Christ in, 79–82; and sexual difference, discounting of, 65–66, 80–82, 93
Agamben, Giorgio: on Adam-Christ typology, 9–10; feminist critiques of, 10–11; influence on Žižek, 74, 75; on Paul’s messianic openness, 10–11; recent engagement with Pauline corpus, 2; on sexual difference in Paul, 10; on universalism in Paul, 10
Althaus-Reid, Marcella, 103–4
Althusser, Louis, 16
analytic discourse in Lacan, and jouissance of the feminine, 53–56, 126n26
Auerbach, Erich, 120–21n6
Badiou, Alain: Breton’s influence on, 6, 15, 40; Bultmann’s influence on, 23; on male and female subject positions, 123n4; recent engagement with Pauline corpus, 2; on universal Pauline subject, Agamben’s critique of, 10. See also Saint Paul: The Foundation of Universalism (Badiou)
Benjamin, Walter, 131n27
Blanton, Ward, 16, 23
Bloechl, Jeffrey, 120–21n6
Boyarin, Daniel, 99–100
Breton, Stanislas: background of, 6, 15; and Badiou, influence on, 6, 15, 40; Bultmann’s influence on, 23; and turn to Paul, 16. See also Saint Paul (Breton)
Bultmann, Rudolf, 23
Burrus, Virginia, 137n6
Busch, Austin, 88, 105–7, 134–35n44
Butler, Judith, 85, 88, 94–96, 98, 109, 111–13, 117n7
capitalism, 12, 39–40, 92
Castelli, Elizabeth, 11
Christ, in Badiou: as representative of life, 66–67; universal singularity and, 40, 42, 60–61
Christ, in Breton: as firstborn (prōtotokos), 28; as fulfillment of covenant with Abraham, 20–25, 31, 131n9; history as self-portrait of, 20; Jewish history as prediction and back-fulfillment of, 17–20; passion and resurrection as type of rebirth into the Church, 35; primacy of in eschatological movement of history, 26–30, 31, 35, 121n10
Christ. See entries under Adam-Christ typology
Christ, in Žižek: as corporate person, 82, 92; identity with Adam, 78–79, 79–80, 79–82; as man without properties, 76, 82
Christian discourse, in Badiou: and deadlocking of language, 46; overturning of Jewish and Greek discourse by, 41, 44–47, 52–53; subject of as always-ongoing becoming, 49–50; universal subject generated by, 44–45, 49–50, 53, 62–63, 109
Christianity, in Žižek: as betrayal of Judaism, 75, 83; emergence of, as Hegelian movement, 76; perverse logic at core of, 77–79, 80, 81, 82, 130–31n25
Christian theology: Adam-Christ typology and sexual difference, efforts to reconcile, 5–6, 7, 31, 61, 96, 98–104; female body as stumbling point, 96–97, 100, 101–2, 104–5, 109–10; necessity of engaging, 97–98; as queer theology, 90; and sexual difference, 89–90
Clement of Alexandria, 5, 99–100
Colossians: in Breton’s interpretation of Genesis, 26–28, 30; Breton’s reading of Paul and, 32; dubious authorship of, 27
communities in Paul: Breton on, 31, 32, 33, 34; Jesus as living presence in, 19; Žižek on, 33, 75, 81, 83, 84, 92–93
1st Corinthians: Adam-Christ typology in, 69; Agamben and, 10; “as if not” in, 75; Badiou on Adam and, 60; Badiou on Adam-Christ typology in, 127–28n41; Badiou on Christian discourse in, 46; Badiou on gender difference in, 127n39; in Breton’s reading of Pauline communities, 33, 34; in Breton’s reading of Pauline notion of hope, 29–30; ensouled body vs. spiritual body in, 70; Paul’s Adam-Christ typology in, 3–5; and Paul’s view of history, in Breton, 17–18, 19, 21–22; Žižek on, 79, 94
2nd Corinthians, on human body, 2
Cornell, Drucilla, 87, 110
creation: Clement of Alexandria on, 99–100; On the Origin of the World (Nag Hammadi text) on, 102–3
creation story, Breton on: erasure of Adam and Eve in, 25, 30; and primacy of Christ in eschatological movement of history, 26–30, 31, 35, 121n10; and teleological volition within being, 25–26
creation story, Žižek on, 77
crucifixion: Badiou on, 66–67; Breton on, 35; Žižek on, 75
death, Badiou’s dissociation of from resurrection, 66–67, 74
death and life: as functionally equivalent to law and love, in Badiou, 67–68, 72, 74; two forms of, in Žižek, 68–71
death drive, Lacan on, 67, 72–73, 74
dialectic materialism, Žižek on, 119–20n27
discourse, Christian, in Badiou: and deadlocking of language, 46; overturning of Jewish and Greek discourse by, 41, 44–47, 52–53; universal subject generated by, 44–45, 49–50, 53, 62–63
Encore, 1972–1973 (Lacan), 53–56
L’Envers de la Psychanalyse, 1969–1970 (Lacan), 51–52
Ephesians: Breton’s reading of Paul and, 34; John Paul II on, 89–90
The Ethics of Psychoanalysis, 1959–1960 (Lacan), 72–73
Eve: Breton’s erasure of, 25, 30; in Clement of Alexandria, 99–100; and Paul’s Adam-Christ typology, 5; as speaker in Romans 7, 105–8; Žižek’s marginalization of, 82, 84. See also sexual difference
Eve-Mary typology, 5, 100–102
Excerpts from Theodotus, 99
Exodus, 19, 21
the Fall, in Žižek, 78–79, 79–80
female body: as site of desire, in early Christian thought, 99–100; as stumbling point in Adam-Christ typology, 88, 96–97, 100, 101–2, 104–5, 109–10. See also sexual difference
the feminine, jouissance of: and Badiou’s mystical discourse, 53, 56–60, 127nn37–38; in Lacan, 53–56, 126n26
feminist critics, on Agamben, 10–11
feminist theology: and Adam-Christ typology, 96–97; Eve-Mary typology and, 101; on Paul’s view of sexual difference, 115n3
filial terminology in Badiou, 40–41
Fink, Bruce, 72–73
firstborn (prōtotokos), Christ as, in Breton, 28
The Fragile Absolute (Žižek), 65, 84
frames: Butler on, 94–96; disruption of, 95–96; excess, structural inevitability of, 95; lives outside of, 94–95; necessity of engaging, 98. See also Adam-Christ typology, as frame for Christian anthropological possibilities
Galatians: Breton’s erasure of Adam and, 23; and Paul’s view of history, in Breton, 19, 21; on promise of Spirit through faith, 22; spirit-flesh opposition in, 70
Galatians 3:28: Badiou’s treatment of sexual difference and, 40, 58; Breton’s erasure of Adam and, 23–24, 31; Breton’s treatment of sexual difference and, 32, 33; feminist biblical scholarship on, 115n3; on human identification, 1, 23–24; as pre-Pauline baptismal formula, 115n2, 121n9; traditional reading of, 122n2; and Žižek’s universal subject, 81, 93, 94
gender: as attempt to negotiate anxieties of sexual difference, 108; binary constructs of, complexity of sexual identity and, 111; Breton’s universal subject and, 17, 33, 109; downplaying of in continental philosophy’s engagement with Paul, 2–3, 7; nonstandard identities and, 110–11, 111–12
Genesis: Breton’s reading of, 25–26; Colossians 1 and, 27; John Paul II on, 89; On the Origin of the World (Nag Hammadi text) on, 102–3; Žižek on, 77. See also Adam; Eve; entries under creation story
God, Žižek on: impotence of in Judaism, 75, 92; private God, death of, 92–93
Gospel of Philip, 100, 101–2
Greek discourse, in Badiou: as discourse of mastery, 43–44, 45; nature of, 43; overturning of by Christian discourse, 41, 44–47; subjective disposition generated by, 43
Hagar, 19, 21
Hays, Richard, 89, 90, 112, 136n62
Hegel, Georg W. F.: Badiou on, 51, 52, 67; influence on Žižek, 65, 66, 76–79; on penis, lower and higher functions of, 77–78, 130–31n25; and Žižek on perverse logic of Christianity, 77–79, 80, 81, 82, 130–31n25
history: conception of in Žižek, 83; eschatological movement of, Breton on, 26–30, 31, 35, 121n10; Jewish, Breton on, 17–20
Hollywood, Amy, 41, 54–56, 77, 82–83, 126n26, 130–31n25, 137n67
human body: as irreducible component of Paul’s anthropology, 1–2, 12, 35–37. See also female body; gender; sexual difference
identity: identitarian differences and capitalism, Badiou on, 39–40; in Paul, Breton’s erasure of Adam and, 36; in Paul, in Agamben on, 10–11; theological reflection and, 90. See also universal subject
identity politics: Badiou on, 39–40, 62, 67; Žižek on, 81, 93–94
Irenaeus of Lyons, 5, 100, 101–2
Irigaray, Luce, 109
Jewish discourse, in Badiou: as discourse of mastery, 43–44, 45; nature of, 43; overturning of by Christian discourse, 41, 44–47; relation to mystical discourse, 49; subjective disposition generated by, 43
Jewish history, Breton on, 17–20
Jewish law, in Žižek: as basis of Pauline Event, 83; underlying contradictions in, 82–83
Job, and Jewish relation to law, in Žižek, 75, 92
John Paul II, 89–90
Jordan, Mark D., 137n67
jouissance of the feminine, Lacan on, 53–56, 126n26; and Badiou’s mystical discourse, 53, 56–60, 127nn37–38
Judaism: relationship to law, Žižek on, 74–75; as that which Christianity betrays, in Žižek, 75, 83
Judas, Paul as symbolic replacement of, 76
Kaufman, Eleanor, 50, 127n37
Kotsko, Adam, 66, 72, 74–75, 82–83
Lacan, Jacques: on analytic discourse and jouissance of the feminine, 53–56, 126n26; Badiou’s Christian discourse and, 53, 56–60, 127nn37–38; and death drive, 67, 72–73, 74, 76; four types of discourse in, 51–53, 52, 57, 125n17; influence on Žižek, 65; on law and “the Thing,” 72–73, 129–30n15; on obscene superego supplement, 72–73, 129–30n15; and Pauline concept of law, 72–73, 74; Žižek on importance of Paul for understanding, 71
Laclau, Ernesto, 85
law: Judaism’s relationship to, Žižek on, 74–75; and “the Thing,” Lacan on, 72–73; underlying contradictions, Žižek on, 82–83
law and obscene superego supplement: Lacan on, 72–73; Žižek on, 74–75, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82–83
law vs. love (grace): Badiou on, 67–68, 72, 74; Žižek on, 75
Lee, Jonathan Scott, 129n15
life, two forms of in Žižek, 68–71
Loughlin, Gerard, 90
love (grace) vs. law: Badiou on, 67–68, 72, 74; in Žižek, 75
Luke, on Christ, coming of, 20
marriage, John Paul II on, 89–90
Mary, Paul’s Adam-Christ typology and, 5, 100–102
Matthew, on Christ, coming of, 20–21
McNulty, Tracy, 40–41, 123n5
Milbank, John, 65
Mitchell, Juliet, 53
Mitchell, Margaret, 70
monistic efforts to reconcile Adam-Christ typology and sexual difference, 99–100
The Monstrosity of Christ (Žižek and Milbank), 65
mystical discourse in Badiou: Lacan’s jouissance of the feminine and, 53, 56–60; as margin of Christian discourse, 41, 47, 48–49, 50, 53, 57; nature of, 47–48; relation to Jewish discourse, 49; and sexual difference, 41–42, 50–51
Nag Hammadi corpus, 102–3
obscene superego supplement: Lacan on, 72–73; Žižek on, 74–75, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82–83
On Feminine Sexuality: The Limits of Love and Knowledge (Lacan), 53–56
On the Origin of the World (Nag Hammadi text), 102–3
“The Other Side of Psychoanalysis” (Lacan), 51–52
Pascal, Blaise, 48, 49, 124n12
Paul: ambiguity of anthropology in, 1; on Christ, as fulfillment of Adam, 21; on material body, 1–2, 12, 35–37; New Perspective on, 76, 121n7; views on sexual difference, ambiguity of, 1, 115n3
Pauline event: Adam-Christ typology and, 7; Agamben on, 9; Badiou on, 8, 40, 41, 44–47, 49–50, 52–53, 58, 59–63; Breton on, 18; Žižek on, 41, 66–69, 72, 74, 76–79, 80–83, 92, 130–31n25
Phenomenology of Spirit (Hegel), 77
Phillips, Adam, 110
philosophy, Breton on premises of, 15
Plato, on embodiment, 2, 116n4
political theology: Taubes on, 11; vs. theological anthropology, 11–12
prosōpopoiia, in Romans chapter 7, 105–8
Protrepticus (Clement of Alexandria), 99–100
psychic body, Paul on, 4
psychoanalysis, and mysticism, Lacan on, 55–56
The Psychotheology of Everyday Life (Santner), 74
The Puppet and the Dwarf (Žižek), 8, 65, 74–84. See also Žižek, Slavoj
queer theology: and Adam-Christ typology, ongoing value of, 96–97; Christian theology as, 90; and implications of nonnormative bodily experiences, 111
A Radical Philosophy of Saint Paul (Breton). See Saint Paul (Breton)
redemption, identity with Fall, in Žižek, 78–79, 79–80
resurrection of Christ: Badiou’s dissociation of from death, 66–67, 74; as event creating new universal singularity, in Badiou, 40, 42, 45, 62, 67; significance of in Adam-Christ typology, 69–71
Romans: Adam-Christ typology in, 69; Badiou’s reading of, 50; Breton’s reading of, 23, 121n7; Busch’s reading of, 88; identity of speaker in, 105–8; Lacan on, 72–73; Paul’s Adam-Christ typology in, 3, 5; and sexual difference, 105–8; Žižek on, 66, 72, 74, 79, 82–83, 91, 94
Rose, Jacqueline, 53, 54, 55, 87, 104, 126n26
Saint Paul (Breton): on Abraham vs. Moses as faith vs. law, 22–25; and androcentric anthropology, 97; Blanton introduction to, 16, 23; and Christ, in eschatological movement of history, 26–30, 31, 35, 121n10; on Christ as fulfillment of covenant with Abraham, 20–25, 31, 131n9; on the Church, 31–32, 32–33, 34–35; on communion/fellowship (koinōnia) in Paul, 31; on communities, 31, 32, 33, 34; counterfeit stability of human in, 90; on creation story, 25–26, 26–30, 31, 35, 121n10; erasure of Adam in, 6, 7–8, 17, 21–22, 23, 25, 30, 34–35, 91; gendered metaphors in, 33–34; as gendering project, 108–9; and history as self-portrait of Christ, 20; on hope, as yearning for new order, 29–30; on irreducible excess of meaning in Paul, 36–37; Jewish history in, as prediction and back-fulfillment of Christ, 17–20; limitations of interpretation, 24, 30, 121n7; on passion and resurrection of Christ, as type, 35; on Pauline Event, 18; on Paul’s faith, as movement and affirmation, 37, 108; Paul’s sexual hierarchy and, 33, 34; on Paul’s spiritual (“pneumatic”) body, 29–30, 122n12; on premises of philosophy vs. theology, 15–16; and sexual difference, as unacknowledged underlying tension, 35–37, 109; and sexual difference, minimization of, 17, 24–25, 31–34, 35–37, 88–89, 91, 97; on slavery in Pauline communities, 32, 33; typological method of, 17–20; on universalism, 23–24; universal subject in, 17, 33, 109; on will to power, 28–29; and yearning of creation toward a new order, 28–30
Saint Paul: The Foundation of Universalism (Badiou), 6; and Adam, as inventor of death, 42, 60, 66–67, 91, 127–28n41; and Adam, erasure of, 6, 8, 60; and androcentric anthropology, importing of, 97; anti-Jewish orientation of, 49; counterfeit stability of human in, 90; on death, dissociation of from resurrection, 66–67, 74; on death and life, as functionally equivalent to law and love, 67–68, 72, 74; on discourses, subjective dispositions generated by, 43; elimination of the feminine in, 40–41; and exception, as term, 50; as gendering project, 108–9; on identitarian differences and capitalism, 39–40; on Lacan’s four types of discourse as analog to Paul’s discourse types, 51–53, 57; on law vs. love (grace), 67–68, 72, 74; on Pauline Event, 8, 40, 41, 44–47, 49–50, 52–53, 58, 59–63; Paul’s Adam-Christ typology and, 42, 60–61, 62; on resurrection of Christ, as event, 40, 42, 45, 62, 67; Žižek’s critique of, 66–68, 72–74. See also Christian discourse, in Badiou; Greek discourse, in Badiou; Jewish discourse, in Badiou; mystical discourse in Badiou; sexual difference in Badiou; universal subject, in Badiou
Salamon, Gayle, 111
Santner, Eric, 74
Schmitt, Carl, 11, 75
Schroeder, Jeanne Lorraine, 52
Scott, Joan, 108
Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky, 94
Seminar VII (Lacan), 72–73
Seminar XVII (Lacan), 51–52
Seminar XX (Lacan), 53–56
sexual difference: in contemporary Christian theology, 89–90; and gender, 108; minimization of, 6–7, 8–9, 88–89, 109; in On the Origin of the World, 103; and Adam-Christ typology, 88, 104–5, 105–8, 109; as term, 117n7
sexual difference, in Lacan, 53–56, 126n26; parallels to Badiou’s Christian vs. mystical discourse, 53, 56–60, 127nn37–38
sexual difference and Adam-Christ typology: as aporia, 6, 13, 24, 61, 85, 91, 94, 98; Christian efforts to reconcile, 5–6, 7, 24, 31, 61, 96, 98–104, 108–9; as spectral presence, 88–89, 104–5, 105–8, 109–10, 112–13; as irreconcilable tension, 98–104
sexual difference in Badiou: minimization of, 40–41, 88–89, 91, 97; necessity of transcending, 58; parallels to Lacan, 53, 56–60, 127nn37–38; as unacknowledged underlying tension, 41–42, 50–51, 58–60, 61–62, 109
sexual difference in Breton, 17, 24–25, 31–34, 35–37, 88–89, 91, 97
sexual difference in Paul: Agamben on, 10; as ambiguous, 1, 115n3; as tension, 1–2, 12, 35–37, 88–89, 104–5, 105–8, 109–10, 112–13
sexual difference in Žižek: discounting of, 8–9, 65–66, 80–82, 88–89, 93, 97; minimization of, 88–89, 91; as unacknowledged underlying tension, 82, 109
sexual identity: instability of, Rose on, 104; Adam-Christ typology and, 88, 96, 104, 111–13
signifiance, in Lacan, 55
sin, in Romans, 106
Specters of Paul (Dunning), 4–5, 88
spirit-flesh opposition: Breton on, 29–30, 122n12; complication of, in Adam-Christ typology in Paul, 70–71; Paul on, 4; Žižek on, 68–69
Stendahl, Krister, 134–35n44
Stowers, Stanley, 105, 134n44
Taubes, Jacob, 2, 11
Tertullian of Carthage, 5, 100
theological anthropology: definition of, 11; political focus of turn to Paul and, 11–12
theology: Breton on premises of, 15–16; and identity, 90. See also Christian theology; feminist theology; political theology; queer theology
Theology of the Body (John Paul II), 89–90
“The Thing,” Lacan on, 72–73, 129–30n15
The Ticklish Subject (Žižek), 8, 65, 66–74. See also Žižek, Slavoj
The Time That Remains (Agamben), 9–10, 11, 74
Tripartite Tractate, 99
typology in Breton: central importance of, 16; as Christocentric, 17
typology in Paul: Breton on, 17–20; Žižek on, 79–80. See also entries under Adam-Christ typology
universal subject: Agamben on, 10; Christ as, 7, 8; and erasure of Adam, 6, 8–9, 17, 23; necessity of resisting, 88–89; and sexual difference, 6–7, 8–9, 13, 88–89, 109
universal subject, in Badiou: Badiou’s filial terminology and, 40–41; as Christ-centered, 40, 42, 60–61; creation of, as goal, 39–40; generated by Christian discourse, 44–45, 49–50, 53, 62–63, 109; precariousness of, 63; sexual difference as underlying tension in, 58–60, 62–63; and subsuming of difference, 58, 127nn39–40
universal subject, in Breton: Abraham as, 23–24; and gender 17, 33, 109
universal subject, in Žižek: and anthropological recognition, possibility of, 84–85; Christ as, 8; critiques of, 41; and gender 109; and identity politics, rendering inoperative of, 81, 93–94
virginity, 101–2
Virgin Mary, 5, 100–102
will to power, Breton on, 28–29
Wisdom of Solomon, 27
Žižek, Slavoj: and androcentric anthropology, 97; and anthropological aporia, 85; Badiou’s influence on, 6; on communities in Paul, 33, 75, 81, 83, 84, 92–93; conception of history in, 83; conclusions of, as similar to Badiou, 81; counterfeit stability of human in, 90; critique of Badiou, 66–68, 72–74; and death drive, 74; erasure of Adam in, 6, 8–9; on fall and redemption, 78–79; on form/essence dichotomy in Paul, 12, 119–20n27; influences on, 65, 66, 74, 75; on Jewish law, underlying contradictions in, 82–83; on Jewish relationship to law, 74–75, 82–83; on Judaism and God’s impotence, 75, 92; Kotsko’s critique of, 82–83;
on Lacan, importance of Paul for understanding, 71; on law in Paul, transcendence of, 73–74; on life and death, 68–69, 68–71; on love, Christian conception of, 84–85; on obscene superego supplement, 74–75, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82–83; on Paul, undermining of Judaism by, 76–77; on Paul as symbolic replacement of Judas, 76; on Pauline Event, 41, 66–69, 72, 74, 76–79, 80–83, 92, 130–31n25; on private God, death of, 92–93; recent engagement with Pauline corpus, 2; and representative function of Adam and Christ, 91; similarities to Badiou’s reading, 66; on solidarity, as political goal, 92–93, 93–94; on spirit-flesh opposition, 68–69; works on Paul and Christian theology, 65. See also Adam, in Žižek; Adam-Christ typology, Žižek on; Christ, in Žižek; Christianity, in Žižek; sexual difference in Žižek; universal subject, in Žižek