INTRODUCTION
1 Binski.
2 Gottfried.
3 Houlbrooke.
4 Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/c/cme/EEWills/1:54?rgn=div1;view=toc
5 Kent Archaeological Society, http://www.kentarchaeology.org.uk/Research/Libr/Wills/Bk58/034.htm
6 Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/c/cme/EEWills/1:56?rgn=div1;view=fulltext
1 EDMUND, EARL OF RUTLAND (1443–60)
1 Gristwood.
2 Licence.
3 Kleineke.
4 Bentley.
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid.
7 Calendar of Close Rolls (CCR), Henry VI Volume VI.
8 Ibid.
9 Calendar of Patent Rolls (CPR) 38 Henry VI.
10 Ibid.
11 Roskell.
12 Dockray and Knowles, The Battle of Wakefield.
13 Ibid.
14 Haigh.
15 Calendar of Charter Rolls, Volume VI, 1427-1516
16 Calendar of Close Rolls (CCR), Edward IV Volume 1, 1461–1468
17 Ibid.
18 Calendar of Patent Rolls 2, Edward IV.
19 Calendar of Patent Rolls 3, Edward IV.
20 O’Flanagan.
21 Burke.
2 EDWARD OF WESTMINSTER, PRINCE OF WALES (1453–71)
1 Haswell.
2 Ibid.
3 Griffiths.
4 Ibid.
5 Hookham.
6 Ibid.
7 Rotuli Parliamentorum Volume V, pp. 288–89.
8 Hookham.
9 Griffiths.
10 Lewis.
11 Ibid.
12 Griffiths.
13 State Letters and Papers of Milan 1385–1618, 26.
14 Lewis.
15 Haswell.
16 Ibid.
17 Fortescue, De Laudibus Legum Angliae.
18 Ibid.
19 Ibid.
20 Ibid.
21 Ibid.
22 Ibid
23 Griffiths.
24 Lowe.
25 Griffiths.
26 Baluze MS., 9037, 7, art. 173, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, Holograph.
27 SLP Milan 150, 151.
28 Milan 183.
29 Milan 184.
30 Milan 189.
31 Milan 191.
32 Milan 192, 193.
33 Milan 217.
34 Anonymous, Historie of the Arrivall of Edward IV.
35 Fabyan.
36 Anonymous, A Chronicle of the First Thirteen Years of the Reign of King Edward IV.
3 KING EDWARD V (1470–83?)
1 For more discussion on this, see Licence.
2 More.
3 Anonymous, Ingulph’s Chronicle.
4 Hicks.
5 CPR November 1472.
6 Hicks.
7 Ibid.
8 Ibid.
9 See Licence.
10 Hicks.
11 Mancini.
12 Croyland.
13 Ibid.
14 Mancini.
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid.
17 Dockray and Hammond, Richard III.
18 Nichols, Grants etc from the Crown.
19 Mancini.
20 Ibid.
21 Croyland.
22 Nichols, Testament Vetusta.
23 Ibid.
24 Ibid.
25 Ibid.
4 EDWARD OF MIDDLEHAM, PRINCE OF WALES (1473?–84)
1 CPR April 1477.
2 CPR February 1478.
3 Idley.
4 Ibid.
5 Ibid.
6 CPR July 1483.
7 Hilton.
8 Hall, Hall’s Chronicle.
9 British Library Harley MS 433 f. 26v, translation from the Latin printed in Horrox and Hammond, vol. 1, p. 83.
10 http://bradscholars.brad.ac.uk:8080/bitstream/handle/10454/818/Towton03-Preprint.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
11 Rickman.
12 Davis.
13 http://www.towton.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/rally_to_the_cross.pdf
14 Croyland.
5 JOHN DE LA POLE, EARL OF LINCOLN (1462/4?–87)
1 Clark.
2 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online.
3 Ibid.
4 CPR Edward IV Vol. I, 1461–1468.
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid.
7 Ibid.
8 CCR Edward IV Vol. I, 1461–1468.
9 Ibid.
10 CPR Edward IV Vol. II July 1471.
11 Burgess.
12 Gairdner.
13 Ibid.
14 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online.
15 Ibid.
16 Weightman.
17 Ibid.
18 Bacon.
19 Weightman.
20 Ashdown-Hill.
21 Bacon.
22 Weightman.
23 Bacon.
24 Rotuli Parliamentorum, Vol. VI, 1783.
25 Ibid.
26 Napier.
27 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online.
28 Napier.
29 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online.
30 MacGibbon.
6 EDWARD, EARL OF WARWICK (1475–99)
1 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
2 Jackson.
3 Rotuli Parliamentorum, Volume 6, 1783.
4 Bennett.
5 Hall.
6 Underwood and Jones.
7 Ibid.
8 Wroe.
9 Arthurson.
10 Ibid.
11 Wroe.
12 For more discussion on this, see Licence.
13 Wroe.
14 Ibid.
15 Ibid.
16 Arthurson.
17 CSP Spain Vol. 1, 98.
18 Comper.
19 CSP Spain Vol. 1, 249.
20 CSP Venice Vol. 5, 525.
7 ARTHUR TUDOR, PRINCE OF WALES (1486–1502)
1 Cunningham.
2 Ibid.
3 Erasmus.
4 Cunningham.
5 SLP Milan Vol. 1, 539.
6 Ibid.
7 Kipling.
8 Tremlett.
9 Ibid.
10 SLP Spain Vol. 1.
11 Kipling.
12 Creighton.
13 Daniell.
14 Nichols, Testament Vetusta.
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid.
17 Ibid.
18 Hutchinson.
8 HENRY FITZROY, DUKE OF SOMERSET AND RICHMOND (1519–36)
1 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 4, 1461.
2 Stone.
3 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 4, 1431.
4 Ibid.
5 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 4, 1512.
6 Ibid.
7 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 4, 1513.
8 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 4, 1514.
9 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 4, 1515.
10 Murphy.
11 Ibid.
12 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 4, 1540.
13 Weller.
14 Ibid.
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid.
17 Murphy.
18 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 4, 5806.
19 Weller.
20 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 5, 1690.
21 Weller.
22 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 4, 5806.
23 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 4, 5807.
24 Weller.
25 Ibid.
26 Ibid.
27 Murphy.
28 Ibid.
29 Henry VIII Vol. 5, 1947.
30 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 5, 1948.
31 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 5, 2010.
32 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 5, 2011.
33 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 5, 2801b.
34 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 5, 2861.
35 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 5, 2878.
36 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 5, 2955.
37 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 5, 2956.
38 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 5, 2885.
39 Weller.
40 Ibid.
41 Murphy.
42 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 5, 3689.
43 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 5, 3860.
44 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 5, 4225.
45 Weller.
46 Ibid.
47 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 5, 4534.
48 Murphy.
49 Weller.
50 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 5, 4824.
51 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 5, Privy Purse Expenses.
52 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 5, 412.
53 Murphy.
54 Weaver.
55 Machyn.
56 Murphy.
57 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 5, 686.
58 Murphy.
59 Ibid.
60 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 5, 33.
61 SLP Venice Vol. 4, 823.
62 Murphy.
63 SLP Venice Vol. 4, 824.
64 SLP Venice Vol. 4, 825.
65 SLP Venice Vol. 4, 822.
66 Murphy.
67 Ibid.
68 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 5, 1627.
69 Murphy.
70 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 5, 876.
71 Murphy.
72 Weller.
73 Murphy.
74 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 7, 391.
75 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 7, 534.
76 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 7, 1507.
77 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 8, 69.
78 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 8, 268.
79 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 8, 263.
80 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 8, 909.
81 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 8, 981.
82 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 8, 687.
83 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 8, 910.
84 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 8, 911.
85 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 8, 911.
86 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 8, 1033.
87 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 8, 908.
88 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 10, 1069.
89 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 10, 908.
90 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 11, 40.
91 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 11, 108.
92 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 11, 147.
93 Murphy.
94 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 11, 148.
95 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 11, 320.
96 Weller.
97 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 11, 221.
98 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 11, 233.
99 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 11, 233.
100 Weller.
101 Ibid.
102 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 12, 164.
103 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
104 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_tuberculosis
105 Ibid.
106 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/363056/Tuberculosis_mortality_and_mortality_rate.pdf
9 EDWARD VI (1537–53)
1 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 12, 839.
2 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 12, 889.
3 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 12, 893.
4 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 12, 894.
5 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 12, 911.
6 Ibid.
7 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 12, 960.
8 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 12, 988.
9 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 12, 971.
10 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 12, 1020.
11 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 12, 972.
12 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 12, 1023.
13 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 12, 1060.
14 Ibid.
15 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 12, 1042.
16 Hutchinson.
17 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/363056/Tuberculosis_mortality_and_mortality_rate.pdf">
18 Nichols, Literary Remains of Edward VI.
19 Ibid.
20 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 13, 579.
21 Nichols, Literary Remains.
22 Ibid.
23 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 13, 995.
24 http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/herts/vol3/pp323-332
25 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 13, 1290.
26 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 13, 306.
27 Skidmore.
28 Nichols, Literary Remains.
29 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 14, 5.
30 Skidmore.
31 Ibid.
32 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 14, 1297.
33 Elyot.
34 Ibid.
35 http://kidshealth.org/en/teens/diseases-conditions/
36 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 16, 71b.
37 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 17, 93b.
38 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 17, 15.
39 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 18, 623 (91).
40 Clifford.
41 Skidmore.
42 Nichols, Literary Remains.
43 Giles.
44 Nichols, Literary Remains.
45 Nichols, Testament Vetusta.
46 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 18, 258.
47 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 18, 364.
48 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 18, 577.
49 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 19, 864.
50 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 19, 272.
51 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 19, 1019.
52 SLP Henry VIII Vol. 19, 726.
53 Skidmore.
54 Nichols, Literary Remains.
55 Ibid.
56 Ibid.
57 Ibid.
58 Ibid.
59 Stoughton.
60 Ibid.
61 Ibid.
62 Ibid.
63 Hutchinson.
64 Ibid.
65 Strickland.
66 Ibid.
67 Hutchinson.
68 Knecht.
69 Ibid.
70 Nichols, London Pageants.
71 Ibid.
72 Nichols, Literary Remains.
73 Ibid.
74 Ibid.
75 Ibid.
76 Ibid.
77 Ibid.
78 Ibid.
79 Clifford.
80 Ibid.
81 http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/cross_fac/iatl/reinvention/issues/volume8issue2/barnett/
82 Duffy, Voices of Morebath.
83 Scarisbrick.
84 Ibid.
85 Writings of Edward VI.
86 McCulloch.
87 Pollnitz.
88 Ibid.
89 Loach.
90 Machyn.
91 Skidmore.
92 Ibid.
93 Loach.
94 Machyn.
95 Loach.
96 Nichols, Literary Remains.
97 Ibid.
98 Ackroyd.
99 Machyn.
100 Rosso.
101 Machyn.
102 Nichols, Literary Remains.
103 Ibid.
104 CSP Spain Vol. 11, July-Dec. 1553.
105 Loach.
106 Skidmore.
107 Machyn.
108 Markham.
109 Ibid.
110 Machyn.
111 Nichols, Literary Remains.
112 http://www.british-history.ac.uk/early-eng-text-soc/vol128/pp112-127
113 Ibid.
114 Cressy.
115 Machyn.
116 Ibid.
117 http://www.british-history.ac.uk/court-husting-wills/vol2/pp651-655
118 Weaver.
119 Ibid.
10 GUILDFORD DUDLEY (1535–54)
1 Loades.
2 Ibid.
3 CSPS Vol. 11, Apr. 1553.
4 Laird.
5 Rosso.
6 Tallis.
7 Rosso.
8 Tallis.
9 Ives.
10 Wilson.
11 Tallis.
12 Rosso.
13 Tallis.
14 http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol18/pt2/pp84-9
15 Adams.
16 Tallis.
17 Ibid.
18 Ibid.
19 Ibid.
20 Ibid.
21 CSPS Vol. 11, Jul. 1553.
22 Ibid.
23 Ibid.
24 Ibid.
25 Ibid.
26 Ibid.
27 Ibid.
28 Ibid.
29 Prescott.
30 http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol18/pt2/pp84-98
31 CSPS Vol. 11, Jul. 1553.
32 Lisle.
33 Ackroyd.
34 CSPS Vol. 11, Jul. 1553.
35 Ibid.
36 Tallis.
37 CSPS Vol. 11, 21–31 Jul.
38 Tallis.
39 Ibid.
40 Ibid.
41 CSPS Vol. 11, 16–20 Jul.
42 Ibid.
43 CSPS, 21–31 Jul.
44 Nichols, Diary of Henry Machyn.
45 Prescott.
46 Wilson.
47 CSPS, 26-31 Aug.
48 Wilson.
49 CSPS, 26–31 Aug.
50 Ibid.
51 Ibid.
52 Ibid.
53 Ibid.
54 Markham.
55 Ives.
56 CSPS, 21–25 Aug.
57 Ibid.
58 CSPS Vol. 12, 11–21 Jan. 1554
59 Ibid.
60 CSPS Vol. 12, 11–21 Jan.
61 Ibid.
62 Ibid.
63 CSPS Vol. 12, 6–11 February 1554.
64 Nichols, Literary Remains.
65 Ibid.
66 Ibid.
67 Ibid.
68 Ives.
69 Ibid.
70 Ibid.
71 Ibid.
72 Ibid.
73 Nichols, Literary Remains.
74 Nichols, Chronicle of Lady Jane Grey.
75 Nichols, Literary Remains.
76 Dekker.
77 Banks.
78 Lady Jane (1986) directed by Trevor Nunn.
11 DEATH AND THE HEIR (1450–1550)
1 Lydgate.
2 Elyot.
3 http://www.british-history.ac.uk/middx-county-records/vol1/pp2-7
4 http://tudoraccidents.history.ox.ac.uk/?page_id=177
5 Machyn.
6 Trueman.
7 This ethnic background and age range was selected as being the closest in comparison to the young men of 1450–1550 studied in this book.
8 https://www.cdc.gov/men/lcod/
9 http://www.aihw.gov.au/deaths/premature-mortality/ages-15-24/
10 http://visual.ons.gov.uk/what-are-the-top-causes-of-death-by-age-and-gender/
11 Sharland.
12 Brown.