Notes

Notes to Chapter 2

1.    Gottlieb Wagner and Bernhard Holl, Die Geschichte der jüdischen Gemeinde zu Kleinheubach, ed. Markt Kleinheubach u. Heimat- und Geschichtsverein Kleinheubach (Kleinheubach: Zehe-Druck, 1996), 165. The first part of this volume is a republication of archival work (originally published in 1934) of the Protestant pastor of the village, Gottlieb Wagner, covering the early history of the Jewish community. An individual Jew, “Sisle von Heubach,” appears in records as early as 1326; but a single Jew did not constitute a “community.” That no more Jews appear in Kleinheubach until 1677 is explained by the witch-hunts and persecutions of Jews in the intervening period, which discouraged Jewish settlers (27-28). But by 1677, the requirements for a Jewish community in Kleinheubach were met, namely, ten Jewish males, a synagogue, a rabbi, a teacher, a school, a Mikva, and a cemetery (126).

In the second part of this volume, Bernhard Holl, a former mayor of Kleinheubach, brings the history of Jewish life in Kleinheubach up to date. I am indebted to the work of these good men for much of the historical information about the Jewish community in Kleinheubach.

2.    Wagner and Holl, 76-90.

Notes to Chapter 3

1.    Wagner and Holl, 188-91.

2.    Bernhard Holl's work enabled me to determine that Frau Sichel was either Ida Sichel (born May 9, 1886) or Klara Sichel (born March 1, 1888)—two unmarried sisters who owned a shoe shop and lived at Baugasse 20. Following their deportation from Kleinheubach, their names appeared on a list of people transported to Poland on May 10,1942. No further information exists on them. Wagner and Holl, 76.

3.    Wagner and Holl, 193-207.

4.    Wagner and Holl, 41,134,137.

5.    Wagner and Holl, 81, 89,163,180.

6.    A few Kleinheubach Jews who survived the war later made claims for reparations, among them, Theodor Weil and Klara Sichel in 1959. Wagner and Holl, 78, 82.

Note to Chapter 5

1.    For Merrills account of their meeting, see Charles Merrill, The Journey: Massacre of the Innocents (Cambridge, Mass.: Kenet Media, 1996), 127 f.

Notes to Chapter 6

1.    Frederic C. Tubach, Index Exemplorum: A Handbook of Medieval Religious Tales, 2d ed. (Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 1981).

2.    Gerhart Hoffmeister and Frederic C. Tubach, Germany, 2000 Years: From the Nazi Era to the Present, vol. 3., 2d ed. (New York: Ungar, 1992).

Notes to Chapter 7

1.    Wagner and Holl, 111-12.

2.    Wagner and Holl, 30-40.

3.    Brigitte Oleschinski, Plotzensee Memorial Center₇ trans. John Grossman (Berlin-Charlottenburg: German Resistance Memorial Center, 1996), 5, 7. Of course, the Nazis persecuted many more than were sentenced to die. The Protective Custody law called for the arrest of “enemies of the state and the people” Under this law, not only Germans, but Poles, for example, were also arrested (after May 1943), and most were sent to concentration camps. After 1934, lists of those in “protective custody” included the first letter of the inmate's last name plus a number. One of the last known lists indicated 34,591 prisoners whose last name began with the letter M alone. See Topography of Terror: Guide to the Exhibit, trans. Jerry Gerber (Berlin: Berliner Festspiele, 1987-96), 10.