NOTES
A NOTE TO THE READER
1. L. Daniel Staetsky, Antisemitism in Contemporary Great Britain: A Study of Attitudes towards Jews and Israel (London: Institute for Jewish Policy Research, 2017), pp. 3–5.
A DELUSION
1. Chip Berlet and Matthew Nemiroff Lyons, Right-Wing Populism in America: Too Close for Comfort (New York: Guilford Press, 2000), p. 9.
2. Cass R. Sunstein and Adrian Vermeule, “Conspiracy Theories” (working paper, Public Law & Legal Theory Working Paper No. 199, University of Chicago, 2008), pp. 6, 7.
A DEFINITION
1. 378 U.S. at 197 (Stewart, J., concurring) (emphasis added).
2. Jane O’Reilly, “The Housewife’s Moment of Truth,” New York magazine, December 20, 1971 (Ms. originally appeared as a forty-page insert in New York magazine).
3. Joshua Cherniss and Henry Hardy, “Isaiah Berlin,” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, September 21, 2016.
4. European Forum on Antisemitism, “Working Definition on Antisemitism,” http://european-forum-on-antisemitism.org/.
5. Arthur Miller, Focus (New York: Arbor House, 1984).
6. Italics in original. Helen Fein, “Dimensions of Antisemitism: Attitudes, Collective Accusations, and Actions,” in Helen Fein, ed., The Persisting: Sociological Perspectives and Social Contexts of Modern Antisemitism (Berlin and New York: De Gruyter, 1987), p. 67.
7. Review of Arthur Hertzberg, The Chosen People, in New York Review of Books, October 24, 1968.
8. Kathleen Belew, Bring the War Home: The White Power Movement and Paramilitary America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018), pp. ix–x.
9. Monika Schwarz-Friesel and Jehuda Reinharz, Inside the Antisemitic Mind: The Language of Jew-Hatred in Contemporary Germany (Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2017), pp. 29, 32.
10. Charles Y. Glock and Rodney Stark, Christian Belief and Anti-Semitism (New York: Harper & Row, 1966), p. 102.
11. Joseph Sungolowsky, “Criticism of Anti-Semite and Jew,” Yale French Studies 30 (1963): 68–72.
12. Anthony Julius, Trials of the Diaspora (London: Oxford University Press, 2010), p. xliii.
13. Jean-Paul Sartre, Anti-Semite and Jew (Paris: Schocken Books, 1948), pp. 10–11.
14. I thank Anthony Julius for this approach to fighting not just antisemitism but the antisemite as well. It is how he understood my legal defense against David Irving, whom the court declared to be a falsifier of history and a neo-Nazi polemicist. For transcripts, reports submitted to the court, and witness testimony, see www.hdot.org.
A SPELLING
1. Philologos, “Should Anti-Semitism Be Hyphenated?” Forward, November 18, 2012.
2. Moshe Zimmerman, Wilhelm Marr: The Patriarch of Anti-Semitism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987).
3. Philologos, “Should Anti-Semitism Be Hyphenated?”
THE EXTREMIST: FROM THE STREETS TO THE INTERNET
1. Jonathan Weisman, (((Semitism))): Being Jewish in America in the Age of Trump (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2018), p. 20.
2. Belew, Bring the War Home, p. 238.
3. For a deconstruction of the various flags marchers carried at the rally, see “Deconstructing the Symbols and Slogans Spotted in Charlottesville,” Washington Post, August 18, 2017.
4. Lauren M. Fox, “The Hatemonger Next Door,” Salon, September 29, 2013.
5. Louis Jacobson, “Donald Trump’s ‘Star of David’ Tweet: A Recap,” Politifact.com, July 5, 2016.
6. “A Dark and Constant Rage: 25 Years of Right-Wing Terrorism in the United States,” Anti-Defamation League, May 2017; Bill Morlin, “ACT’s Anti-Muslim Message Fertile Ground for Oath Keepers,” Southern Poverty Law Center, June 12, 2017; Weisman, (((Semitism))), p. 21.
7. Brian Levin, “Special Status Report: Hate Crime in the Cities and Counties in the U.S.,” Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism at California State University at San Bernardino, 2016, p. 12.
8. James Comey, “The FBI and the ADL: Working Together to Fight Hate,” FBI: Speeches, May 8, 2017, www.fbi.gov/news/speeches/the-fbi-and-the-adl-working-together-to-fight-hate.
9. Caitlin MacNeal, “Comey: Twitter Is Like ‘Every Dive Bar in America,’ ” Talking Points Memo, May 8, 2017; Weisman, (((Semitism))), p. 122.
10. “Aryan Nations,” Southern Poverty Law Center, www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/aryan-nations.
11. Conspiracy Theories in American History: An Encyclopedia, ed. Peter Knight (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2003), p. 758.
12. UPI Archives, “House Holds First Militia Hearings,” November 2, 1995, www.upi.com/Archives/1995/11/02/House-holds-first-militia-hearings/9848815288400/; ADL, “Aryan Nations/Church of Jesus Christ Christian,” 2013. http://archive.adl.org/learn/ext_us/aryan_nations.html; Kenneth Stern, “Foreword to Paperback Edition,” in Force upon the Plain (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), pp. 7–8; Belew, Bring the War Home, p. 236.
13. Arie Perliger, Challengers from the Sidelines: Understanding America’s Violent Far-Right (West Point, NY: Combatting Terrorism Center, 2013).
14. Kenneth S. Stern, email, July 23, 2017.
15. Bethany Mandel, “My Trump Tweets Earned Me So Many Anti-Semitic Haters That I Bought a Gun,” Forward, March 21, 2016; Lloyd Grove, “How Breitbart Unleashes Hate Mobs to Threaten, Dox, and Troll Trump Critics,” Daily Beast, March 1, 2016.
16. Cooper Fleishman and Anthony Smith, “(((Echoes))), Exposed: The Secret Symbol Neo-Nazis Use to Target Jews Online,” Mic, June 1, 2016.
17. Jonathan Weisman, “The Nazi Tweets of ‘Trump God Emperor,’ ” New York Times, May 29, 2016.
18. Julia Ioffe, “Melania Trump on Her Rise, Her Family Secrets, and Her True Political Views: ‘Nobody Will Ever Know,’ ” GQ, April 27, 2016; Josefin Dolsten, “Journalist Flooded with Neo-Nazi Hate after Writing Melania Trump Profile,” Forward, April 29, 2016; Lauren Gambino, “Journalist Who Profiled Melania Trump Hit with Barrage of Antisemitic Abuse,” Guardian, April 26, 2016.
19. Laura Silverman, “Trump Backers’ Anti-Semitic Taunts and Threats,” Atlanta Jewish Times, August 1, 2016; Nicholas Kristof, “Donald Trump Is Making America Meaner,” New York Times, August 13, 2016.
20. NPR, “Atlantic Editor on Acrimony in U.S.: ‘I Have to Imagine That It Actually Gets Worse,’ ” Morning Edition, October 24, 2016, www.npr.org/2016/10/24/498860864/atlantic-editor-on-acrimony-in-u-s-i-have-to-imagine-that-it-actually-gets-worse.
21. Belew, Bring the War Home, pp. 237–38.
22. “ ‘Hail Trump!’: Richard Spencer Speech Excerpts,” Atlantic, November 21, 2016, www.youtube.com/watch?v=1o6-bi3jlxk; “As Trump Disavows ‘Alt-Right’ Support, Critics Question If He Will Still Normalize White Supremacy,” Democracy Now, November 23, 2016.
23. Joseph Bernstein, “Alt-White: How the Breitbart Machine Laundered Racist Hate,” BuzzFeed, October 5, 2017; “Milo Yiannopoulos and White Supremacists at Karaoke,” www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLNLPIRS62g.
24. Ben Shapiro, “The Breitbart Alt-Right Just Took Over the GOP,” Washington Post, August 18, 2016.
25. David French, “The Race Obsessed Left Has Released a Monster It Cannot Control,” National Review, January 26, 2016.
ANTISEMITIC ENABLERS
1. Nicholas Kristof, “Is Donald Trump a Racist?” New York Times, July 23, 2017.
2. David Weigel, “ ‘Racialists’ Are Cheered by Trump’s Latest Strategy,” Washington Post, August 20, 2016.
3. Jane Eisner, “Why Trump Likes Jews Like Cohen and Dershowitz—For All the Wrong Reasons,” Forward, April 13, 2018.
4. “Trump Won’t Condemn Anti-Semitic Threats on Journalist Who Profiled His Wife (VIDEO),” http://talkingpointsmemo.com/livewire/trump-julia-ioffe-anti-semitic-threats; Mickey Rapkin, “Lady and the Trump,” DuJour, May 2016; Weisman, (((Semitism))), pp. 15–16, 143.
5. Weisman, (((Semitism))), p. 129; Donald Trump, “I Don’t Know David Duke,” Morning Joe, MSNBC, November 14, 2016 (television), www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBOy8iTBA9g; Glenn Kessler, “Donald Trump and David Duke: For the Record,” Washington Post, March 1, 2016.
6. Weisman, (((Semitism))), p. 147.
7. Ibid., p. 29.
8. Trump did subsequently say that it was a mistake to change it because it was a sheriff’s star. Critics pointed out that sheriff’s stars, while six-pointed, have little circles at the point of each star. Louis Jacobson, “Donald Trump’s ‘Star of David’ Tweet: A Recap,” Politifact, July 5, 2016; Bryce Covert, “Trump Tries to Spin Anti-Semitic Symbol as ‘Sheriff’s Star,’ ” Think Progress, July 4, 2016.
9. Tal Kopan, “Donald Trump Retweets ‘White Genocide’ Twitter User,” CNN.com, January 22, 2016; Ben Kharakh and Dan Primack, “Donald Trump’s Social Media Ties to White Supremacists,” Fortune, March 22, 2016; Weisman, (((Semitism))), p. 158.
10. Niraj Chokshi, “Trump Accuses Clinton of Guiding Global Elite against U.S. Working Class,” New York Times, October 13, 2016.
11. Deborah Lipstadt, “Didn’t Slam Anti-Semitism on the Left? Don’t Expect Credibility When You Slam It on the Right,” Forward, November 27, 2016; Yehuda Kurtzer, “Our Friends and Farrakhan: A Plea to Progressives,” Times of Israel, March 7, 2018.
12. Andrew Anglin, “Happening: Trump Retweets Two More White Genocide Accounts Back-to-Back,” Daily Stormer, January 25, 2016.
13. “Meet a Supremacist Energized by Trump,” BBC.co.uk, September 22, 2016.
14. Aram Roston and Joel Anderson, “The Moneyman Behind the Alt-Right,” Buzzfeed News, 2017, https://soundcloud.com/audmapp/excerpt-the-moneyman-behind-the-alt-right-buzzfeed-news.
15. Kharakh and Primack, “Donald Trump’s Social Media Ties to White Supremacists.”
16. Scott Malone and Jeff Mason, “Trump Yields to Pressure, Calls Neo-Nazis and KKK Criminals,” Reuters.com, August 14, 2018.
17. Glenn Thrush, “New Outcry as Trump Rebukes Charlottesville Racists 2 Days Later,” New York Times, August 14, 2017; Tamara Keith, “President Trump Stands by Original Charlottesville Remarks,” NPR, September 14, 2017.
18. Samantha Schmidt, “Trump Retweets Right-Wing Provocateur Known for Pushing False Conspiracy Theories,” Washington Post, August 15, 2017.
19. Thrush, “New Outcry as Trump Rebukes Charlottesville Racists 2 Days Later”; Keith, “President Trump Stands by Original Charlottesville Remarks.”
20. Alan Johnson, “Antisemitic Anti-Zionism and the Left,” Jewish Chronicle, September 10, 2015.
21. James Bloodworth, “Why Is No One Asking about Jeremy Corbyn’s Worrying Connections?,” Guardian, August 13, 2015.
22. Reverend Nick Howard, “The Asymmetry of Racism Awareness,” Standpoint magazine, January/February 2012.
23. Chip Berlet, ed., Constructing Campus Conflict: Antisemitism and Islamophobia on U.S. College Campuses, 2007–2011 (Somerville, MA: Policy Research Associates, 2014), p. 14.
24. Jerry Lewis, “UK Vicar Attends Tehran ‘Zionist Lobby’ Conference,” Jerusalem Post, October 6, 2014; John Bingham, “Church of England Vicar Denies Backing ‘Anti-Semitic Hate-fest’ in Iran,” Telegraph, October 6, 2014.
25. Marcus Dysch, “Sizer: I Am Ready to Meet the Board of Deputies Any Time,” Jewish Chronicle, April 11, 2012; Jake Wallis Simons, “Jeremy Corbyn Defends a Controversial Vicar Who Was Banned from Social Media for Sharing ‘Clearly Anti-Semitic’ Material Blaming Israel for 9/11 Attacks,” Daily Mail online, August 9, 2015; Kiran Stacey, “Jeremy Corbyn Attacked as Newspaper Claims Anti-Semitic Links,” FinancialTimes.com, August 14, 2015.
26. “Raed Salah, Head of Northern Branch of Islamic Movement in Israel, Espouses Antisemitic Conspiracy Theories about 9/11, Nazi Propaganda,” MEMRI, 9/11 Documentation Project, Special Dispatch 3982, www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/5450.htm.
27. Yoav Stern, “Islamic Movement Head Charged with Incitement to Racism, Violence,” Haaretz, January 29, 2008.
28. Video of Corbyn making these comments to be found at www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3191679/Jeremy-Corbyn-caught-video-calling-Muslim-hate-preacher-honoured-citizen-inviting-tea-terrace-House-Commons.html.
29. “Banned Hate Preacher Who Strolled through Heathrow Is Arrested . . . and He WILL Be Deported Says Home Secretary,” Daily Mail online, June 29, 2011.
30. Rajeev Syal, “Jeremy Corbyn Says He Regrets Calling Hamas and Hezbollah ‘Friends,’ ” Guardian, July 4, 2016.
31. Dyab Abou Jahjah, “Our Collateral Damage, and Theirs!” Media Monitors Network, November 7, 2011.
32. Johnny Paul, “Dutch Court Fines Muslim Group for Holocaust-Denial Cartoon,” Jerusalem Post, August 28, 2010.
33. Matt Dathan, “Jeremy Corbyn Denies Links to Lebanese ‘Extremist’ Dyab Abou Jahjah—as Picture Emerges of the Two Sharing a Stage,” Independent, August 19, 2015.
34. “Corbyn Agrees BBC Are ‘Zionist Liars,’ ” Guy News, April 29, 2016, https://order-order.com/2016/04/29/corbyn-agrees-bbc-are-zionist-liars/; Henry Zeffman, “Jeremy Corbyn Hosted Event Likening Israel to Nazis,” Times (London), August 1, 2018; Yair Rosenberg, “Jeremy Corbyn’s Holocaust Memorial Day Statement Leaves Out the Jews,” Tablet, January 25, 2018.
35. Heather Stewart, “Corbyn in Antisemitism Row after Backing Artist behind ‘Offensive’ Mural,” Guardian, March 23, 2018.
36. Stephen Daisley, “Jeremy Corbyn Is Not an Anti-Semite. It’s So Much Worse Than That,” STV News, August 24, 2015, http://stv.tv/news/politics/1327077-stephen-daisley-on-jeremy-corbyn-the-left-anti-semitism-and-israel/.
37. Paul Waugh, “Momentum Activist Jackie Walker Facing Labour Expulsion over Anti-Semitism,” HuffingtonPost.co.uk, March 8, 2017.
38. Tom Mosley, “Labour MP Shocked by ‘1930s’ Anti-Semitism,” BBC.co.uk, September 25, 2017; Jonathan Freedland, “Labour Denial of Antisemitism Leaves Party in a Dark Place,” Guardian, September 27, 2017; Yair Rosenberg, “This BBC Interview Perfectly Illustrates Britain’s Left-Wing Anti-Semitism Problem,” Tablet, September 26, 2017; “Jeremy Corbyn Supporting Hard Left Campaign Group Refuses to Kick Out Activist Jackie Walker over Holocaust Comments,” Sun, October 4, 2016.
39. Aftab Ali, “Oxford University Labour Club Co-Chair, Alex Chalmers, Resigns Amid Antisemitism Row,” Independent, February 17, 2016.
40. Edward Malnick, “ ‘Anti-Semitic’ Activist Selected as Labour Candidate as Leading Donor Quits Party,” Telegraph, April 1, 2018.
41. Gabriel Pogrund, Jon Ungoed-Thomas, and Richard Kerbaj, “Vitriol and Threats of Violence: The Ugly Face of Jeremy Corbyn’s Cabal,” Times (London), April 1, 2018; Gabriel Pogrund, Jon Ungoed-Thomas, Richard Kerbaj, and Tim Shipman, “Exposed: Jeremy Corbyn’s Hate Factory,” Times (London), April 1, 2018.
42. Verity Bowman and Pippa Crerar, “Corbyn Ally Says ‘Jewish Trump Supporters Making Up’ Antisemitic Charges,” Guardian, July 31, 2018; “Jeremy Corbyn Endorses BDS Movement in 2015 Footage,” Haaretz and JTA, August 19, 2018.
43. Lee Harpin, “Anger as Diane Abbott Repeatedly Dismisses Labour’s Antisemitism Crisis as ‘a Smear Campaign,’ ” Jewish Chronicle, March 29, 2018.
44. Benjamin Kentish, “Thousands of Jeremy Corbyn Supporters Endorse Letter Saying Jewish-Organised Antisemitism Protest Was the Work of ‘Very Powerful Special Interest Group,’ ” Independent, March 29, 2018; Michael Savage, “Major Jewish Private Donor Ditches Labour over Antisemitism,” Observer, April 1, 2018.
45. Jonathan Freedland, “For Corbyn, Precision and Honesty Are the Way Out of This Wreath Mess,” Guardian, August 13, 2018.
46. Daniel Sugarman, “Jeremy Corbyn: ‘Zionists’ have ‘no sense of English irony despite having lived here all their lives,’ ” Jewish Chronicle, August 23, 2018.
THE DINNER PARTY ANTISEMITE
1. Julius, Trials of the Diaspora, p. xxxii.
2. Telegraph, July 13, 1996, as cited in Julius, Trials of the Diaspora, p. xxxii.
3. We see evidence of this in other instances. In 2017 a doctor in a hospital went on a shooting rampage and killed another person. The headline in one paper read “Doctor Kills Woman.” If the victim had been a man, it would have been “Doctor Kills Doctor” (which was what the woman was); http://pix11.com/2017/06/30/active-shooter-reported-at-bronx-lebanon-hospital-police/.
4. Julius, Trials of the Diaspora, p. xxxii.
THE CLUELESS ANTISEMITE
1. If the image of the JAP is less prevalent today and is more commonly recognized as being antisemitic, it is due, in no small measure, to publications such as Lilith magazine and a small cadre of academics and activists. “Jewish Women Campaign against ‘Princess’ Jokes,” New York Times, May 1, 1987.
2. Riv-Ellen Prell, Fighting to Become Americans (Boston: Beacon Press, 1999), p. 178.
3. Some critics see it as a “justification, after the fact, of . . . intermarriage.” In other words, who would want to marry such a self-centered, selfish, icy woman? Joseph Telushkin, Jewish Humor: What the Best Jewish Jokes Say about the Jews (New York: HarperCollins, 1998), as quoted in Leonore Skenazy, “Were Jap Jokes a Justification for Intermarriage?” Forward, February 23, 2011.
4. Abraham Foxman, Jews and Money: The Story of a Stereotype (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), as cited in Skenazy, “Were Jap Jokes a Justification for Intermarriage?”
5. Deborah E. Lipstadt, “Anti-Semitism Plays Coy in ‘Jewish Princess’ Jokes,” Los Angeles Times, May 25, 1988.
6. Staetsky, Antisemitism in Contemporary Great Britain, p. 4.
A COGNITIVE FAILURE?
1. Eve Garrard, “The Pleasures of Antisemitism,” Fathom, Summer 2013.
2. Alan Riding, “September 11 as Right-Wing U.S. Plot: Conspiracy Theory Sells in France,” New York Times, June 22, 2002. Among the most comprehensive efforts to debunk these theories was Popular Mechanics, Debunking 9/11 Myths: Why Conspiracy Theories Can’t Stand Up to the Facts, ed. David Dunbar and Brad Reagan (New York: Hearst Books, 2011).
3. John-Paul Pagano, “Anti-Racism Erases Anti-Semitism,” Tablet, June 21, 2016.
4. “The 4,000 Jews Rumor: Rumor Surrounding Sept. 11th Proved Untrue,” http://usinfo.state.gov/media/Archive/2005/Jan/14-260933.html.
5. “The 4,000 Jews Rumor,” International Information Program, USINFO.state.gov, updated January 14, 2005, https://archive.is/e908N.
6. Steven K. Baum, Antisemitism Explained (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2011), pp. 134–35; Anne Morse, “The Jews Knew?,” National Review, September 11, 2007.
7. “Al-Qaeda Accuses Iran of 9/11 Lie,” BBC.co.uk, News, April 11, 2008.
8. Jeremy Stahl, “Where Did 9/11 Conspiracies Come From?”, Slate, September 6, 2011.
9. David Gerstman, “Oberlin Professor Claims Israel Was Behind 9/11, ISIS, Charlie Hebdo Attack,” Tower, February 25, 2016.
10. Matthew Gindin, “Inside the Twisted Anti-Semitic Mind of Oberlin Professor Joy Karega,” Forward, March 3, 2016.
11. “Majority of Oberlin Faculty Sign Letter Condemning Colleague’s Antisemitic Facebook Posts,” Tower, April 12, 2016.
12. Colleen Flaherty, “Condemning a Colleague: Oberlin Professors Condemn a Professor’s Anti-Semitic Remarks on Social Media; Others Refuse to Do So,” Inside Higher Ed, April 12, 2016.
13. Yair Rosenberg, “The Real Scandal at Oberlin Is Much Bigger than One Professor’s Antisemitism,” Tablet, March 15, 2016.
14. NIST, WTC Disaster Study, www.nist.gov/el/disaster-resilience/disaster-and-failure-studies/world-trade-center-disaster-study; Jim Dwyer, “2 U.S. Reports Seek to Counter Conspiracy Theories about 9/11,” New York Times, September 2, 2006.
DELEGITIMIZING ANTISEMITISM: JEWS CAN’T BE VICTIMS
1. “Prejudice,” Etymology Online, https://www.etymonline.com/word/prejudice.
2. Philip Roth, “The Last Days of Herman Roth,” New York Times, December 30, 1990.
3. Finalized Minutes, UCLA Undergraduate Student Council, February 10, 2015 (approved February 17, 2015), https://usac.ucla.edu/documents/minutes/Minutes%202%2010%2015.pdf; “In U.C.L.A. Debate over Jewish Student, Echoes on Campus of Old Biases,” New York Times, March 5, 2015; David A. Graham, “UCLA’s Troubling Question for Jewish Students Everywhere,” Atlantic, March 7, 2015.
4. Philip Giraldi, “America’s Jews Are Driving America’s Wars. Shouldn’t They Recuse Themselves When Dealing with the Middle East?” The Unz Review: An Alternative Media Selection, September 19, 2017; Bret Stephens, “I Believe Some of Your Best Friends Are Jewish,” New York Times, September 28, 2017; Sophie Tatum, “Ex-CIA Operative Apologizes for Tweet of Anti-Semitic Article,” CNN politics.com, September 21, 2017.
ANTISEMITISM AND RACISM: THE SAME YET DIFFERENT
1. Damien Cave and Rochelle Oliber, “The Raw Videos That Have Sparked Outrage over Police Treatment of Blacks,” New York Times, July 7, 2016.
2. Ta-Nehisi Coates, Between the World and Me (New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2015), p. 17.
3. Richard Fausset and Ashley Southall, “Video Shows Officer Flipping Student in South Carolina, Prompting Inquiry,” New York Times, October 26, 2015.
4. Timothy Williams, “Study Supports Suspicion That Police Are More Likely to Use Force on Blacks,” New York Times, July 7, 2016.
5. Carly Pildis, “I Am Woke: Why I Am Finally Raising My Voice against Jewish Erasure in the Anti-Racism Movement,” Tablet, July 6, 2016.
6. Utah v. Streiff (2016), 12, as cited in New York Times, July 5, 2016.
7. Amanda Arnold, “Smith College Employee Called the Cops on a Black Student Eating Her Lunch,” The Cut, August 2, 2018; Sofie Werthan, “Someone Called 911 on a Black Oregon Legislator Campaigning Door-to-Door,” Slate, July 5, 2018.
8. Rikki Novetsky, “Conflating Causes: Why No Red Tape’s Partisanship Is Stifling,” Columbia Current, Fall 2014; Mira Taichman and Danielle Rinat, “I Am a Jew, a Zionist, an Obie,” Oberlin Review, March 15, 2013.
9. Pagano, “Anti-Racism Erases Anti-Semitism.”
A TIME TO PANIC?
1. Yair Ettinger, “Four Killed in Shooting at Jewish School in France,” Haaretz, March 19, 2014.
2. Lizzie Dearden, “Israel-Gaza Conflict: Synagogues Attacked as Pro-Palestinian Protest in Paris Turns Violent,” Independent, July 14, 2014.
3. Baron Bodissey, “What Really Happened at the Don Yitzchak Abarbanel Synagogue in Paris?” Gates of Vienna (blog), July 19, 2014.
4. TLV Faces Staff, “Posters in Rome Read ‘Do Not Buy from Jews,’ ” TLV Faces, August 11, 2014; Lourdes Garcia Navarro, “Hate Crimes against Jews on the Rise in Europe,” NPR, August 9, 2014.
5. Admittedly the comment was a quote but the paper did not think it necessary to add something akin to “Jewish leader asserts.” Jon Henley, “Antisemitism on Rise across Europe ‘in Worst Times since the Nazis,’ ” Guardian, August 7, 2014.
6. Micki Weinberg, “In Berlin, Al Quds Day Marchers Steer Clear of Anti-Semitism,” Times of Israel, July 26, 2014.
7. Micki Weinberg, “Wave of Anti-Semitic Rallies Hits Cities across Germany,” Times of Israel, July 21, 2014.
8. Monika Schwarz-Friesel, “Destroy Israel: Jews Are the Evil of the World!”, (2014, email to the Israeli Embassy in Berlin)—Manifestations of Contemporary Antisemitism (text of speech at ICCA, Berlin), March 14, 2016, www.linguistik.tu-berlin.de/fileadmin/fg72/GIF/Schwarz-Friesel_Speech_ICCA_14.03.2016_Destroy_Israel_-_Jews_are_the_Evil_of_the_World_.pdf; Henley, “Antisemitism on Rise across Europe ‘in Worst Times since the Nazis.’ ”
9. Manfred Gerstenfeld, “ ‘Hamas, Hamas, Jews to the Gas,’ ” Ynetnews, August 23, 2014.
10. Henley, “Antisemitism on Rise across Europe ‘in Worst Times since the Nazis.’ ”
11. Raphael Ahren, “After Brutal Attack on Rabbi, Berliners Show Solidarity by Donning Skullcaps,” Times of Israel, September 2, 2012; Rosa Doherty, “ ‘Don’t Wear Kippahs in Public,’ German Jews Told,” Jewish Chronicle, April 25, 2018; “Rabbis Push Back against Warning Not to Wear Kippas in Germany, Urge Action,” Times of Israel, April 25, 2018.
12. Melissa Eddy, “In Backlash on Antisemitism, a Sea of Skull Caps,” New York Times, April 26, 2018.
13. Schwarz-Friesel, “Destroy Israel”; Friesel and Reinharz, Inside the Antisemitic Mind, pp. xiv–xv.
14. “Jewish Leader Attacks Austrian Far Right as Anti-Semitism Cases Increase,” Reuters, February 15, 2018.
15. David Cameron to Chief Rabbi, September 10, 2014, https://chiefrabbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Letter-from-the-PM-PYN.pdf.
16. Hillel Fendel, “European Leaders Speak Out against Increasing Anti-Semitism,” Arutz Sheva, September 28, 2014.
17. Deborah E. Lipstadt, History on Trial (New York: HarperCollins, 2005).
THE OMINOUS CASE OF SALMAN RUSHDIE
1. The themes included the disputed notion that Muhammad had decreed that three goddesses were to be worshipped as divine entities, suggesting the possibility that Islam allowed for some measured acceptance of polytheism. Rushdie also included in his labyrinthine story a brothel in which the prostitutes bore the names of the Prophet Muhammad’s wives. For Rushdie’s contemporaneous reflections on what happened to him, see Salman Rushdie, “Choice Between Light and Dark,” Observer, January 22, 1989.
2. Johannes Due Enstad, Antisemitic Violence in Europe, 2005–2015: Exposure and Perpetrators in France, UK, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Russia, University of Oslo Center for Studies of the Holocaust and Religious Minorities and Center for Research on Extremism (C-REX) (Oslo: University of Oslo, June 2017).
3. “Man Attacked in Berlin for Wearing Kippa Is an Israeli Arab,” Times of Israel, April 18, 2018; Sven Becker and Dominik Peters, “An Author’s Quest to Explain Muslim Anti-Semitism,” Spiegel online, March 28, 2018.
4. Martin Amis, “Rendezvous with Rushdie,” Vanity Fair News, December 1990, https://www.vanityfair.com/news/1990/12/martin-amis-on-salman-rushdie.
5. The Rushdie File, ed. Lisa Appignanesi and Sara Maitland (London: Fourth Estate, 1989), p. 101.
6. “Khomeini Spurns Rushdie Regrets and Reiterates Threat of Death,” New York Times, February 20, 1989,
7. Chief Rabbi Immanuel Jakobovits, “Paying Due Regard to Our Beliefs,” Times (London), March 9, 1989; The Rushdie File, ed. Appignanesi and Maitland, p. 199.
8. Jimmy Carter, “Rushdie’s Book Is an Insult,” New York Times, May 5, 1989.
9. Michael Ignatieff, “The Value of Toleration,” Observer, April 2, 1989.
10. Roald Dahl, “A Dangerous Opportunist,” Times (London), February 28, 1989; Paul Elie, “A Fundamental Fight,” Vanity Fair, April 29, 2014.
11. Jeremy Treglown, Roald Dahl: A Biography (New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1994), pp. 255–56.
12. Rushdie, “Year Zero,” Joseph Anton (New York: Random House, 2012), iBooks edition, p. 886.
13. Ursula Owen, “Essay: A Victory for Literary Freedom,” Independent, September 27, 1998.
14. Edwin McDowell, “Rushdie’s Publisher Assails ‘Censorship by Terrorism’,” New York Times, February 19, 1989.
15. “Iran’s Indecent Proposal,” New York Times, February 16, 1993.
16. Sabah A. Salih, “Islamism, BDS, and the West,” in Cary Nelson and Gabriel Noah Brahm, The Case against Academic Boycotts of Israel (Chicago: MLA Members for Scholars’ Rights, 2015), p. 149.
PIXILATING THE PROBLEM
1. Andrew Sullivan, “BBC Weeps for Yasser Arafat,” New York Sun, November 12, 2004.
2. Nick Cohen, “Censor and Sensibility,” Guardian, December 11, 2004; Oliver Kamm, “Offense and Free Speech,” Oliver Kamm Blog, May 19, 2007.
3. Ursula Owen, “Free to Speak” (letter to the editor), Observer, December 19, 2004.
4. Marie Louise Sjølie, “The Danish Cartoonist Who Survived an Axe Attack,” Guardian, January 4, 2010.
5. Douglas Torin, “How UK Press Shapes Up to Cartoon Row,” BBC.co.uk, February 3, 2006.
6. “French Editor Fired over Cartoons,” BBC.co.uk, February 2, 2007.
7. “Paper Withdrawn after Cartoon Row,” BBC.co.uk, February 7, 2006.
8. Christopher Hitchens, “Cartoon Debate: The Case for Mocking Religion,” Slate, February 4, 2006.
9. “BBC’s Dilemma over the Cartoons,” BBC.co.uk, February 3, 2006.
10. Some employees of the press believed that, in addition to fear, the decision was motivated by the university’s proposed plans to establish study programs in Muslim-dominated countries. The plans were under way, and the university did not want to jeopardize these efforts. Interview with Jonathan Brent, Kraków, Poland, July 1, 2017. “Publisher’s Statement” in Jytte Klausen, The Cartoons That Shook the World (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009).
11. Paul Reynolds, “A Clash of Rights and Responsibilities,” BBC.co.uk, February 6, 2006.
12. Chris Tryhorn, “Jack Straw Praises UK Media’s ‘Sensitivity’ over Cartoons,” Guardian, February 3, 2006.
13. Reynolds, “A Clash of Rights and Responsibilities.”
14. Ibid.
15. Hitchens, “Cartoon Debate”; Nick Cohen, “Paris Attacks: Unless We Overcome Fear, Self-Censorship Will Spread,” Guardian, January 10, 2015.
16. Dan R. Rasmussen, “Salient Publishes Danish Cartoons,” Harvard Crimson, February 14, 2006.
17. Charles Spencer, “Can We Talk about This, National Theatre, Review,” Telegraph, March 13, 2012.
18. Dominic Cavendish, “DV8’s Can We Talk about This? The Riskiest Show of the Year?” Quilliam, March 11, 2012.
PARISIAN TRAGEDIES
1. Jennie Schuessler, “After Protests, Charlie Hebdo Members Receive Standing Ovation at PEN Gala,” New York Times, May 6, 2015; Teju Cole, “Unmournable Bodies,” New Yorker, January 9, 2015.
2. Adam Gopnik, “Satire Lives,” New Yorker, January 19, 2015.
3. Jacob Canfield, “In the Wake of Charlie Hebdo, Free Speech Does Not Mean Freedom from Criticism,” Hooded Utilitarian, January 7, 2015; CM, “Subversion, Satire, and Shut the Fuck Up: Deflection and Lazy Thinking in Comics Criticism,” Hooded Utilitarian, October 23, 2012.
4. Jennifer Schuessler, “Six PEN Members Decline Gala after Award for Charlie Hebdo,” New York Times, April 26, 2015; Schuessler, “After Protests, Charlie Hebdo Members Receive Standing Ovation at PEN Gala.”
5. Aurelien Breeden and Dan Bilefsky, “Book by Slain Charlie Hebdo Editor Argues Islam Is Not Exempt from Ridicule,” New York Times, April 16, 2015.
6. Rachel Donadio, “Provocateur’s Death Haunts the Dutch,” New York Times, October 30, 2014.
7. Ariane Bernard, “Raymond Barre, 83, Former French Premier, Dies,” New York Times, August 26, 2007.
8. Bodissey, “What Really Happened at the Don Yitzchak Abarbanel Synagogue in Paris?”
9. “Kosher Supermarket Killer ‘Told TV Station He Deliberately Targeted Jews,’ ” Times of Israel, January 10, 2015.
10. J. J. Goldberg, “Yes, It’s about French Muslims and Anti-Semitism,” Forward, January 10, 2015; Andrew Higgins, “3 Shot Dead at Brussels Jewish Museum,” New York Times, May 24, 2014.
11. United Nations Secretary-General, “Secretary-General Press Encounter at the Signing of the Condolence Book at the French Mission,” January 9, 2015; Ben Cohen, “ ‘We Haven’t Shown Enough Outrage’: French PM Issues Blistering Denunciation of Antisemitism,” Algemeiner, January 14, 2015.
12. There was a tremendous outpouring of criticism and he has since apologized. His apology is certainly welcome, but the fact that he asked the question in the first place is what is striking. Jim Selby, “Tim Willcox Apologises to Daughter of Holocaust Survivor at Paris Rally for Saying ‘Palestinians Suffer Hugely at Jewish Hands as Well,’ ” Independent, January 12, 2015.
13. Howard Jacobson, “Pox Britannia,” as quoted in Alvin H. Rosenfeld, ed., Resurgent Antisemitism: Global Perspectives (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013), p. 37, n. 36.
14. Mass Tea Party—Wake Up America!, “Teaching Kids to ‘Shoot Jews’ Hamas TV Show Encourages Kids to Shoot Jews on the Record,” YouTube, May 8, 2014, www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ck6TCQghpCE; Sharona Schwartz, “Hamas TV’s Bumble Bee Character Encourages Children to Do Some Disturbing Things to Jews,” TheBlaze, May 11, 2014.
15. Ryan Grenoble, “Brooklyn Coffee Shop Slammed after Owner’s Anti-Semitic Rant,” Huffington Post, October 2, 2014.
16. Serena Dai, “Coffee Shop Owner Who Called Jews ‘Greedy’ on Instagram Was ‘Misunderstood,’ ” DNAinfo New York, October 2, 2014.
17. CNN Politics, “Wright Revisits ‘Them Jews’ Remark,” June 11, 2009.
18. “#Communiqué de Presse—Assassinat de Sarah Halimi: Le Crif stupéfait que le caractère antisémite ne soit pas retenu.” Crif—Conseil Représentatif Des Institutions Juives De France, July 13, 2017; Juliette Mickiewicz, “Affaire Sarah Halimi: Le suspect mis en examen pour meurtre,” Le Figaro, July 12, 2017; Marc Weitzman, “Sarah Halimi Was Murdered by a Muslim Attacker Reciting Verses from the Quran, But Was He a ‘Terrorist’?” Tablet, May 25, 2017.
19. AFP, “Paris Women’s Brutal Murder Declared Anti-Semitic Act,” Times of Israel, February 28, 2018.
20. Months after the killing, France’s new president, Emmanuel Macron, suggested that the authorities had refused to “see” the evidence that was in front of them. Daniel Sugarman, “Macron Speaks Out on Murder of French Jewish Woman,” Jewish Chronicle, July 17, 2017; James McAuley, “In France, Murder of a Jewish Woman Ignites Debate over the Word ‘Terrorism,’ ” Washington Post, July 23, 2017; “French Intellectuals Accuse Authorities of Covering Up Jewish Woman’s Slaying by Muslim Neighbor,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, June 9, 2017.
21. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ilan_Halimi.
22. “Arab Teenagers Arrested in Beating of Jewish Boy outside Paris-Area Synagogue,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, March 1, 2018.
23. “Slain Holocaust Survivor’s Family: She’d Known Her Killer Since He Was a Boy,” Times of Israel, March 27, 2018; Bari Weiss, “Jews Are Being Murdered in Paris. Again,” New York Times, March 30, 2018; “Two Charged with Antisemitic Murder of French Holocaust Survivor,” AFP, March 27, 2018.
24. “In France, Thousands March in Memory of Murdered Jewish Woman,” AFP, March 28, 2018.
25. Henry Samuel, “Macron Hails French Resistance Spirit of Heroic Gendarme Who Swapped Himself for Hostage,” Telegraph, March 28, 2018.
A MATTER OF ANTISEMITISM, NOT HISTORY
1. For survivor testimonies, see Yale University Library, Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies, http://web.library.yale.edu/testimonies; University of Southern California, SHOAH Foundation, https://sfi.usc.edu/full-length-testimonies; United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, www.ushmm.org/remember/the-holocaust-survivors-and-victims-resource-center/survivors-and-victims/survivor-testimonies.
2. Many of the witnesses from the areas in which these murders occurred have spoken of what they saw. See, for example, Patrick Desbois, The Holocaust by Bullets: A Priest’s Journey to Uncover the Truth Behind the Murder of 1.5 Million Jews (New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 2009). See also the interviews conducted by Claude Lanzmann for his documentary Shoah, www.ushmm.org/online/film/docs/shoahstatus.pdf.
3. For a collection of interviews, letters, journal entries, and testimony of perpetrators, including from those who put the Zyklon B into the gas chambers and those who participated in the shootings on the eastern front, see Ernst Klee, Willi Dressen, and Volker Riess, eds., “The Good Old Days”: The Holocaust as Seen by Its Perpetrators and Bystanders (Old Saybrook, CT: Konecky & Konecky, 1991).
4. Many perpetrators who were tried for war crimes after World War II argued that they had no option but to follow orders and kill the victims; otherwise they would have been killed. However, this does not seem to have been the case. As David Kitterman concludes after an investigation of more than one hundred cases of Germans who refused to execute civilians, “the most remarkable conclusion about this investigation is the failure to find even one conclusively documented instance of a life-threatening situation (shot, physically harmed, or sent to a concentration camp) occurring to those who refused to carry out orders to murder civilians or Russian war prisoners. In spite of general assumptions to the contrary, the majority of such cases resulted in no serious consequences whatever.” David Kitterman, “Those Who Said ‘No!’: Germans Who Refused to Execute Civilians during World War II,” German Studies Review 11, no. 2 (1988): 241–54.
5. Gideon Resnick, “David Duke: Trump Makes Hitler Great Again,” Daily Beast, March 17, 2016.
6. For background on the Institute for Historical Review and revisionism, see Richard Evans’s expert report, David Irving, Hitler and Holocaust Denial, which was submitted to the court by the defense in Irving v. Penguin UK and Deborah Lipstadt, HDOT.org, www.hdot.org/evans/#evans_3–5.
7. Jeremy Vine Show, BBC Radio 2, February 20, 2017. Relevant interview begins at about 1.05, www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p04tj3gx; conversation with producers of Jeremy Vine Show, February 18, 2017.
8. Eliezer Sherman, “Sarkozy: There Are Schools in France Where You Cannot Teach the Holocaust,” Algemeiner, June 8, 2015; Alison Smale, “Teaching the Holocaust to Muslim Germans, or Not,” New York Times, June 17, 2015; Benjamin Weinthal, “German Muslim Students Protest Holocaust Remembrance, Attack Israel,” Jerusalem Post, January 27, 2017.
9. Yair Rosenberg, “This BBC Interview Perfectly Illustrates Britain’s Left-Wing Anti-Semitism Problem,” Tablet, September 26, 2017, www.tabletmag.com/scroll/245953/this-anti-semitic-bbc-interview-perfectly-illustrates-britains-left-wing-anti-semitism-problem.
INVERTING VICTIMS AND PERPETRATORS
1. Walter Laqueur, The Struggle for the Middle East: The Soviet Union and the Middle East, 1958–70 (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1972), p. 54.
2. Seth Frantzman, “The Outrage of Comparing Israel to the Nazis,” Algemeiner, May 10, 2016.
3. Rowena Mason, “Lib Dem MP Condemned for Linking Israeli Treatment of Palestinians with Holocaust,” Telegraph, January 25, 2013.
4. Sarah Hull, “Death to Jewish Settlers, Says Anti-Zionist Poet,” Guardian, April 13, 2002.
5. Peter Foster, “What Are Oxford Dons to Make of Tom Paulin?”, Telegraph, April 27, 2002.
6. Berlet, Constructing Campus Conflict, p. 24.
7. Pagano, “Anti-Racism Erases Anti-Semitism.” Extensive quotes from her presentation can be found at William Jacobson, “Vassar Faculty-Sponsored Anti-Israel Event Erupts in Controversy,” Campus Watch, Legal Insurrection, February 8, 2016.
8. Mark G. Yudof and Ken Waltzer, “Majoring in Anti-Semitism at Vassar,” Wall Street Journal, February 16, 2016; Ziva Dahl, “Vassar Jewish Studies Sponsors Demonization of Israel . . . Again,” Observer, February 9, 2016.
9. Yudof and Waltzer, “Majoring in Anti-Semitism at Vassar.”
10. U.S. Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel, “Letter in Support of Professor Jasbir Puar Regarding Right-Wing Attacks on Her Recent Talk at Vassar College,” USACBI, February 2016; Jason Stanley, “The Free Speech Fallacy,” Chronicle of Higher Education, February 26, 2016; Ken Waltzer, “BDS Scholars Defend the Indefensible,” Times of Israel, March 13, 2016.
BRANDING VICTIMS AS COLLABORATORS
1. “Ex-London Mayor Ken Livingstone Reaffirms Remarks about Nazi Support for Zionism,” Haaretz, September 5, 2016.
2. John Stone, “Labour Antisemitism Row: Read the Ken Livingstone Interview Transcripts in Full,” Independent, April 28, 2016; “Ken Livingstone Stands by Hitler Comments,” BBC.co.uk, April 30, 2016.
3. “Extracts from Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler,” Yad Vashem, www.yadvashem.org/docs/extracts-from-mein-kampf.
4. “Record of the Conversation of the Grand Mufti with the Foreign Minister, Berlin, November 28, 1941,” Document 514, and “Record of the Conversation of the Fuhrer with the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, November 28, 1941 in the presence of the Foreign Minister of the Reich in Berlin,” Document 515, in Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918–1945, Series D, Vol. XIII (United States: Government Printing Office, 1954), pp. 876-85.
5. Paul Bogdanor, “An Antisemitic Hoax: Lenni Brenner on Zionist ‘Collaboration’ with the Nazis,” Fathom, http://fathomjournal.org/an-antisemitic-hoax-lenni-brenner-on-zionist-collaboration-with-the-nazis/.
6. David Baddiel, “Why Ken Livingstone Has It So Wrong over Hitler and Zionism,” Guardian, April 6, 2017.
7. Stone, “Labour Antisemitism Row”; Ken Livingstone, “This Is about Israel, Not Antisemitism,” Guardian, March 4, 2005.
8. Lesley Klaff, “Holocaust Inversion and Contemporary Antisemitism,” Fathom, December 2014, http://fathomjournal.org/holocaust-inversion-and-contemporary-antisemitism/.
9. David Hirsh, Contemporary Left Antisemitism (New York: Routledge, 2017), pp. 11ff., 76–77.
DE-JUDAIZING THE HOLOCAUST
1. Daniel Brook, “Double Genocide,” Slate, July 26, 2015.
2. Ibid.
3. Florian Peters, “Remaking Polish National History: Reenactment over Reflection,” Cultures of History Forum, October 3, 2016, www.cultures-of-history.uni-jena.de/debates/poland/remaking-polish-national-history-reenactment-over-reflection/.
4. In July 2017, I visited the new World War II museum and the Solidarity Center in Gdansk, Poland. Conversations with curators, researchers, and others involved in the building and administration of these two institutions revealed the way history has become completely politicized. Peters, “Remaking Polish National History.”
5. Rachel Donadio, “A Museum Becomes a Battlefield over Poland’s History,” New York Times, November 9, 2016; Soraya Sarhaddi Nelson, “Nationalist Polish Government Wants Changes to World War II Museum,” NPR, March 25, 2017; Nina Porzucki, “Poland’s Right-Wing Government Thinks This WWII Museum Isn’t ‘Glorious’ Enough,” Public Radio International, February 23, 2017; “Historians Defend Scholar Who Studies Poland and Holocaust,” History News Network, June 20, 2017.
6. Jan T. Gross, Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001).
7. United States Department of State, Intelligence Research Report, OCL-2312, May 15, 1946, www.wiesenthal.com/atf/cf/%7B54d385e6-f1b9-4e9f-8e94-890c3e6dd277%7D/INTELLIGENCE-RESEARCH-REPORT-DEPT-OF-STATE_022218.PDF, pp. 22–24.
8. Griff Witte, James McAuley, and Luisa Beck, “In Laws, Rhetoric and Acts of Violence, Europe Is Rewriting Dark Chapters of Its Past,” Washington Post, February 19, 2018.
9. Jan Gross, “Poland Death Camp Law Is Designed to Falsify History,” Financial Times, February 6, 2018; Jonah Shepp, “Poland’s Holocaust Law and the Right-Wing Desire to Rewrite History,” New York magazine, February 3, 2018.
10. Cnaan Liphshiz, “Poland’s Prime Minister Said Some Jews Collaborated with Nazis. Scholars Say He Distorted History,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, February 20, 2018.
11. “Remarks by President Trump to the People of Poland,” WhiteHouse.gov, July 6, 2017; Adam Taylor, “Trump Was First U.S. President to Visit Warsaw without Visiting the Warsaw Ghetto since 1989,” Washington Post, July 6, 2017; Weisman, (((Semitism))), pp. 156–57.
12. James Kirchick, “Hungary’s Ugly State-Sponsored Holocaust Revisionism,” Tablet, March 13, 2017.
13. Adam Nossiter, “Marine Le Pen Denies French Guilt for Rounding Up Jews,” New York Times, April 10, 2017.
14. “Far-Left French Leader Slams Macron for Accepting French Complicity in Holocaust,” Haaretz, July 19, 2017.
15. Elian Peltier, “France Rethinks Honor for Charles Maurras, Condemned as Anti-Semite,” New York Times, January 28, 2018.
TOXIFYING ISRAEL
1. Lucy Sherriff, “King’s College Investigates ‘Hate Attack’ against Israel’s Ex-Secret Service Chief Ami Ayalon,” HuffPost UK, January 21, 2016, https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2016/01/21/kings-college-london-hate-attack-israeli-ex-secret-service-ami-ayalon_n_9037882.html?utm_hp_ref=uk-israeli-palestinian-conflict.
2. Dale Carpenter, “Israeli Academic Shouted Down in Lecture at University of Minnesota,” Washington Post, November 14, 2015.
3. Julius, Trials of the Diaspora, p. 481.
4. “BDS Movement,” BDS Movement, September 28, 2017, bdsmovement.net/.
5. “The PACBI Call for Academic Boycott Revised: Adjusting the Parameters of the Debate,” PACBI—Palestinian Campaign for the Academic & Cultural Boycott of Israel, January 28, 2006, pacbi.org/etemplate.php?id=1051; Donna Robinson Divine, “The Boycott Debate at Smith,” in Nelson and Brahm, The Case Against the Academic Boycott of Israel, p. 136; Gabriel Noah Brahm and Asaf Romirowsky, “Anti-Semitic in Intent if Not in Effect,” in Nelson and Brahm, The Case Against the Academic Boycott of Israel, p. 80.
6. Mark Yudof, “We Must Defeat BDS Macro-Aggression,” Times of Israel, December 9, 2015.
7. Cary Nelson, “The Problem with Judith Butler,” in Nelson and Brahm, The Case Against the Academic Boycott of Israel, p. 195.
8. Michael Bérubé, “Boycott Bubkes: The Murky Logic of the ASA’s Resolution,” in Nelson and Brahm, The Case Against the Academic Boycott of Israel, p. 132.
9. Ashley Dawson and Bill V. Mullen, eds., Against Apartheid: The Case for Boycotting Israeli Universities (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2015), p. 42, as cited in Academic Freedom, Freedom of Expression, and the BDS Movement: A Guide and Resource Book for Faculty (Academic Engagement Network, November 2016), p. 14.
10. Judith Butler, “Academic Freedom and the ASA’s Boycott of Israel,” Nation, December 8, 2013.
11. David Hirsh, “The American Studies Association Boycott Resolution, Academic Freedom, and the Myth of the Institutional Boycott,” in Nelson and Brahm, The Case Against the Academic Boycott of Israel, pp. 122–23.
12. https://rototomsunsplash.com/en/rototom.
13. Herb Keinon, “Matisyahu: Anti-Semitism at Spanish Festival Was Something I Never Experienced Before,” Jerusalem Post, August 30, 2015.
14. Emily Shire, “Reggae Fest Demands Anti-Israel Pledge,” Daily Beast, August 17, 2015; “Jewish Groups Protest Cancellation of U.S. Musician’s Spanish Concert,” Reuters, August 17, 2015.
15. Asawin Suebaeng, “Taylor Swift, Queen of the Zionists?” Daily Beast, February 20, 2015.
16. Bencie Woll and Wendy Sandler, “Another Mona Baker Journal Boycotting Israeli Scholars,” Librarians for Fairness.org, August 18, 2007, www.librariansforfairness.org/news_post.asp?NPI=185.
17. Yarden Skop, “Top Scientist Joins BDS Movement,” Haaretz, May 8, 2013.
18. “Loach Pulls Melbourne Festival Film in Israeli Funding Protest,” CBC News, July 20, 2009.
19. Alexander Nazaryan, “Alice Walker Won’t Allow New Hebrew Version of ‘Color Purple,’ ” New York Daily News, June 20, 2012.
20. David Hirsh, “Open Letter to Claire Potter from David Hirsh,” Engage, December 17, 2013.
21. Martha Nussbaum, “Against Academic Boycotts,” in Nelson and Brahm, The Case Against the Academic Boycott of Israel, pp. 43, 45.
22. American Association of University Professors, “On Academic Boycotts,” in Nelson and Brahm, The Case Against the Academic Boycott of Israel, pp. 31–38.
BDS: ANTISEMITISM OR POLITICS?
1. “The PACBI Call for Academic Boycott Revised: Adjusting the Parameters of the Debate”; “PACBI Guidelines for the International Academic Boycott of Israel,” Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel, July 31, 2014, www.pacbi.org/einside.php?id=69+.
2. Ellen Willis, “Is There Still a Jewish Question? Why I’m an Anti-Anti-Zionist,” in Wrestling with Zion: Progressive Jewish-American Responses to the Israel-Palestine Conflict, ed. Tony Kushner and Alisa Solomon (New York: Grove Press, 2003), pp. 226–32, reprinted in Tablet, August 13, 2014.
3. Drew Himmelstein, “Stanford Professors Take Stand Against Divestment,” Jweekly.com, March 12, 2015.
4. Nussbaum, “Against Academic Boycotts,” p. 47.
5. Steven Pinker, “Against Selective Demonization,” Against Anthro Boycott, https://www.facebook.com/againstanthroboycott/posts/448002548722546.
6. Benny Morris, One State, Two States: Resolving the Israel/Palestine Conflict (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009), pp. 168–69, as quoted in Nelson and Brahm, The Case Against the Academic Boycott of Israel, p. 192.
7. Himmelstein, “Stanford Professors Take Stand against Divestment.”
8. Richard Pérez-Peña, “Scholars’ Group to Disclose Result of Vote on an Academic Boycott of Israel,” New York Times, December 16, 2013; Mitchell Cohen, “Anti-Semitism and the Left That Doesn’t Learn,” in Nelson and Brahm, The Case Against the Academic Boycott of Israel, p. 159.
9. Mark Yudof, “BDS and Campus Politics: A Bad Romance,” Inside Higher Ed, December 14, 2015.
10. Kenneth L. Marcus, “Is the Boycott Movement Anti-Semitic?” in Nelson and Brahm, The Case Against the Academic Boycott of Israel, p. 257.
11. Jennifer Medina, “Student Coalition at Stanford Confronts Allegations of Anti-Semitism,” New York Times, April 14, 2015.
12. Julius, Trials of the Diaspora, p. 67.
CAMPUS GROUPTHINK: NOT-SO-SAFE ZONES
1. Kimber Williams, “Rushdie Urges Students to Defend Free Speech,” Emory News Center, February 16, 2015, http://news.emory.edu/stories/2015/02/er_salman_rushdie_lecture/campus.html.
2. Eve Ensler, “I Never Defined a Woman as a Person with a Vagina,” Time magazine, January 19, 2015.
3. Bari Weiss, “We’re All Fascists Now,” The New York Times, March 7, 2018.
4. Teresa Watanabe, “Q&A: UC Berkeley Chancellor Carol T. Christ: ‘Free Speech Has Itself Become Controversial,’ ” Los Angeles Times, September 14, 2017.
5. “Robert Reich: Coulter Should Be Allowed to Speak,” Newsweek, April 25, 2017.
6. “Wellesley Statement from CERE Faculty Re: Laura Kipnis Freedom Project Visit and Aftermath,” FIRE—Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, March 20, 2017.
7. Chloe Manchester, “Day of Absence Changes Form,” Cooper Point Journal, April 10, 2017.
8. Bret Weinstein, “The Campus Mob Came for Me—and You, Professor, Could Be Next,” Wall Street Journal, May 30, 2017.
9. Anemona Hartocollis, “A Campus Argument Goes Viral. Now the College Is Under Siege,” New York Times, June 16, 2017.
10. Laurie L. Patton, “The Right Way to Protect Free Speech on Campus,” Wall Street Journal, June 9, 2017.
11. The Committee on Freedom of Expression at the University of Chicago, Report of the Committee on Freedom of Expression, University of Chicago, January 2015, https://freeexpression.uchicago.edu/page/report-committee-freedom-expression.
12. Jay Ellison to Class of 2020, University of Chicago, n.d., www.intellectualtakeout.org/sites/ito/files/acceptance_letter.jpg; Bret Stephens, “America’s Best College President,” New York Times, October 20, 2017.
13. Kenneth Stern, “S.C. Anti-Semitism Bill Isn’t Needed,” Post and Courier (Charleston, SC), April 25, 2017.
14. This is not something new. In the 1970s Yale was roiled by such a debate. Anthony Lewis, “A Report on the Dangers to the Right of Free Speech,” New York Times, January 26, 1975. I wish to thank Kenneth S. Stern for reminding me of this.
PROGRESSIVISM AND ZIONISM: ANTISEMITISM BY SUBTERFUGE?
1. Matthew Stein, “Students for Justice in Palestine Defends Violence against Pro-Israel Groups, Calls Them ‘Fascists,’ ” College Fix, September 17, 2017.
2. Colin Beresford and Alon Samuel, “White Nationalist Group Puts Up Anti-Semitic Stickers on Black Lives Matters Posters,” University of Michigan Daily, April 26, 2017; Tilly Shames, Director, University of Michigan Hillel, email, April 19, 2018.
3. Diane Lederman, “More than 200 UMass Students Call for Free Education, $15 Minimum Wage, Greater Diversity at Rally,” Mass Live, November 12, 2015.
4. #SHUTDOWN the #PINKWASHING, change.org, www.change.org/p/goucher-college-shutdown-the-pinkwashing.
5. William Jacobson, “How Student Activists Turned Anti-Rape Group into an Anti-Israel Group,” Legal Insurrection, December 10, 2015.
6. Rikki Novetsky and Sariel Friedman, “Left and Lefter,” Columbia Spectator, March 12, 2015.
7. “Tufts University Activists Publish Guide Calling Israel a ‘White Supremacist State,’ ” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, September 8, 2017; Alex Joffe, “Labeling of Israel and Its Supporters as White Supremacists and Fascists Emerges on Campuses,” Scholars for Peace in the Middle East, September 29, 2017.
8. Yitzhak Santis, “At CUNY, Students Blame Israel for Tuition Hikes,” Tower, November 11, 2015, www.thetower.org/2556-at-cuny-students-blame-israel-for-tuition-hikes/.
9. Mira Taichman and Danielle Rinat, “I Am a Jew, a Zionist, an Obie,” Oberlin Review, March 15, 2013.
10. Yair Rosenberg, “New York University’s Students for Justice in Palestine Blames Police Shootings of Blacks on Israel,” Tablet, July 8, 2016.
11. Janet L. Freedman, “For the Women’s Studies Association, the BDS Vote Was Over Before It Began,” Forward, November 30, 2015.
12. “Introduction,” in Nelson and Brahm, The Case Against the Academic Boycott of Israel, p. 21.
13. Yair Rosenberg, “Four Reasons the Chicago Dyke March’s Banning of Jewish Stars Was Anti-Semitic,” Tablet, June 28, 2017.
14. Facebook page: Andy Thayer, January 22, 2016, www.facebook.com/andy.thayer1/videos/10207721271646993/; Paul Miller, “LGBT Conference in Chicago Turns Violent from Anti-Israel Protesters,” Observer, January 2016.
15. Yair Rosenberg, “Stanford Student Senator: Saying ‘Jews Control the Media, Economy, Government’ Is ‘Not Anti-Semitism,’ ” Tablet, April 7, 2016.
16. Winston Shi, “On Gabriel Knight and What Anti-Semitism Really Means,” Stanford Daily, April 7, 2016.
17. Howard Jacobson, “Pox Britannia,” as quoted in Rosenfeld, Resurgent Antisemitism, p. 37, n. 26.
18. David Clark, “Accusations of Anti-Semitic Chic Are Poisonous Intellectual Thuggery,” Guardian, March 5, 2006.
19. Tariq Ali, “Notes on Anti-Semitism, Zionism and Palestine,” www.counterpunch.org/2004/03/04/notes-on-anti-semitism-zionism-and-palestine/, August 19, 2015.
20. Jonathan Freedland, “My Plea to the Left: Treat Jews the Same Way You’d Treat Any Other Minority,” Guardian, April 29, 2016.
21. @lsarsour, October 31, 2012, https://twitter.com/lsarsour/status/263651398250545152?lang=en; Tally Krupkin, “Linda Sarsour at Racial Justice March: ‘It Is Not My Job to Educate Jewish People That Palestinians Deserve Dignity,’ ” Haaretz, October 2, 2017; Debra Nussbaum Cohen, “Why Jewish Leaders Rally Behind a Palestinian-American Women’s March Organizer,” Haaretz, January 25, 2017; “Young Man Asks Challenging Question to Linda Sarsour—Here Is Her Response,” www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=436&v=uMisnUF14io.
22. “Nation of Islam,” Southern Poverty Law Center, n.d., www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/nation-islam.
23. Elad Nehorai, “Memo to the Left: Denounce Anti-Semite Louis Farrakhan,” Forward, March 2, 2018.
24. https://twitter.com/TamikaDMallory/status/970032405577961473.
25. www.instagram.com/p/BNDLpbGFrlc/?taken-by=msladyjustice1&hl=en.
26. Forward and Aiden Pink, “Women’s March Co-president Attends Louis Farrakhan Rally—Again,” Haaretz, March 1, 2018.
27. www.facebook.com/womensmarchonwash/posts/1848805725132698.
28. Daniel J. Roth, “Women’s March Leaders Slam ADL, Call Group ‘Islamophobic,’ Anti-Minority,” Jerusalem Post, April 18, 2018; Yair Rosenberg, “Women’s March Organizer and Farrakhan Fan Tamika Mallory Attacks the Anti-Defamation League,” Tablet, April 18, 2018.
RESPONDING TO THE PROGRESSIVE “CRITIQUE”
1. Debra Nussbaum Cohen, “At Summit to Counter BDS Movement, J Street Feels the Heat,” Haaretz, March 30, 2017.
2. “Antisemitism Tracker Organized by State,” AMCHA Initiative, August 22, 2017; Judy Maltz, “Jewish Group Releases Blacklist of U.S. Professors Who Back Academic Boycott of Israel,” Haaretz, March 30, 2017.
3. Jane Eisner, “Why Accuse Israeli Singer Noa of Backing BDS, When She Rejects It Outright?” Forward, February 22, 2016; “JNF Canada Drops Event over Singer Noa’s Alleged BDS Support but Achinoam ‘Noa’ Nini, No Stranger to Controversy over Her Politics, Says She’s ‘Completely’ Opposed to Israel Boycott,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, February 21, 2016.
4. Amir Tibon, “Portman’s Boycott of Netanyahu Borders on Antisemitism, Israeli Minister Says,” Haaretz, April 22, 2018.
5. Jonathan Lis, “Israel Set to Pass Law Banning Pro-BDS Foreigners from Entering Country,” Haaretz, January 30, 2017.
6. Mark Yudof, Chair, and Kenneth Waltzer, Executive Director, Academic Exchange Network, to Menachem Ben-Sasson, President, Hebrew University, May 30, 2017.
7. Revital Hovel, “Israel’s Attorney General to Examine Shin Bet Detentions of Left-wing Activists,” Haaretz, August 14, 2018; “Israel’s Shin Bet Reportedly Barred 250 People from Entering Israel in 2018,” Haaretz, August 15, 2018.
8. Pini Dunner, “BDS Is Not Pro-Palestinian, It’s Anti-Semitic,” Los Angeles Jewish Journal, August 15, 2015.
MYOPIA: SEEING ANTISEMITISM ONLY ON THE OTHER SIDE
1. “Jewish Leaders Statement Against Attacks on Linda Sarsour,” Medium, May 31, 2017; Rabbi Barat Ellman and Rabbi Ellen Lippmann, “Linda Sarsour Is a Friend to Jews,” New York Daily News, May 7, 2017; Bari Weiss, “When Progressives Embrace Hate,” New York Times, August 1, 2017.
2. Aiden Pink, “Will Ties to Louis Farrakhan Spur Jews to Shun the Women’s March?,” Forward, March 6, 2018; Rabbi Sharon Brous, Facebook, March 5, 2018, www.facebook.com/RabbiSharonBrous/posts/10155756338029678.
3. Glenn Kessler, “DNC Vice Chair Keith Ellison and Louis Farrakhan: ‘No Relationship’?,” Washington Post, March 9, 2018.
4. Shachar Peled, “Bannon Addresses ZOA, Urges Jews to Join ‘Insurgency’ against Anti-Trump Republicans,” Haaretz, November 13, 2017.
5. Weisman, (((Semitism))), p. 144.
6. Joseph Bernstein, “Alt-White: How the Breitbart Machine Laundered Racist Hate,” BuzzFeed, October 15, 2017; Melanie Phillips, “The Alt-Right Smear,” MelaniePhillips.com, March 17, 2017; Lloyd Green, “The Zionist Leader Who Can’t Quit Steve Bannon,” Daily Beast, August 30, 2017; Armin Rosen, “ZOA President Meets with Top Trump Aide,” Tablet, January 26, 2017; “White Nationalist Richard Spencer Gives Israel as Example of Ethno-State He Wants in U.S.,” Haaretz, October 19, 2017; Weisman, (((Semitism))), p. 90.
7. Jack Moore, “Israel’s Netanyahu Hasn’t Condemned Hungary’s ‘Anti-Semitic’ George Soros Posters. Here’s Why,” Newsweek, July 11, 2017; “Hungarian Jews Slam Prime Minister’s Praises for Hitler Ally,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, June 26, 2017; Peter Murphy, “Meeting of the Minds: Netanyahu Visits Hungary,” Yahoo!, July 16, 2017; Mairav Zonszein, “Israel’s War against George Soros,” New York Times, July 17, 2017; Eszter Zalan, “Orban and Netanyahu Set Aside Anti-Semitism Concerns,” EU Observer, July 18, 2017; Max Bearak, “Hungary Accused of ‘Hatemongering’ in National Survey Targeting George Soros,” Washington Post, November 8, 2017; Larry Cohler-Esses, “George Soros Denounced by Hungary as ‘Satan’ Seeking to Destroy ‘Christian Europe,’ ” Forward, October 2, 2017.
8. Noa Landau, “Netanyahu Pushes Hosting Visegrad Group in Israel in Talks with Senior Hungarian Official,” Haaretz, February 13, 2018.
9. “Polish Official: Israel Ashamed of Jewish Passivity in the Holocaust,” Haaretz, February 10, 2018.
10. Anshel Pfeffer, “Orbán Is Coming to Israel to Meet His Soulmate Netanyahu. Here’s How He’s Taking Down Hungary’s Democracy,” Haaretz, July 17, 2018.
11. Polish Government, “Joint Declaration of Prime Ministers of the State of Israel and the Republic of Poland,” June 27, 2018, www.premier.gov.pl/en/news/news/joint-declaration-of-prime-ministers-of-the-state-of-israel-and-the-republic-of-poland.html; Raphael Ahren, “Does the Israeli-Polish Holocaust Law Agreement Defend Truth or Betray History?” Times of Israel, July 4, 2018; Jeffrey Heller, “Yad Vashem Center Criticizes Israeli-Polish Statement on Holocaust Law,” Reuters, July 6, 2018; “Full Text: Yad Vashem Historians Against Israeli-Polish Statement on ‘Holocaust Law,’ ” Haaretz, July 5, 2018.
12. Jonathan Lis, “Right-Wing Israeli Lawmaker Meets Member of Austrian Party with Nazi Roots,” Haaretz, February 12, 2002.
13. Hillel Ben-Sasson, “Attacking Soros: Israel’s Unholy Covenant with Europe’s Anti-Semitic Ultra-Right,” Haaretz, July 12, 2017.
14. Nussbaum Cohen, “At Summit to Counter BDS Movement, J Street Feels the Heat.”
15. Ben Sales, “A State Legislator Called J Street Anti-Semitic. Right to Left, Jewish Groups Disagree,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, April 5, 2017.
16. Nussbaum Cohen, “At Summit to Counter BDS Movement, J Street Feels the Heat.”
MISSING THE FOREST FOR THE TREES: A DENTAL SCHOOL AND A FRATERNITY
1. For background on this practice, see Jerome Karbel, The Chosen (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2005).
SPEAKING TRUTH TO FRIENDS: BEYOND VICTIMHOOD
1. Simon Rawidowicz, Israel, the Ever-Dying People, and Other Essays (London: Associated University Presses, 1986), pp. 50, 53–63.
CELEBRATING THE GOOD IN THE FACE OF THE BAD
1. Deuteronomy 31:6.