CHAPTER 01

WIRED SOULS IN A DIGITAL WORLD

THE MIDDAY SUN cast a golden glow across the meadow where I played with my brothers and sisters, our squeals and laughter peppering the air amidst a chorus of raucous birdsong. It was Saturday afternoon. My father, a nightshift oil refinery worker, had a rare day off, so we’d set out —seven of us packed like sardines into our two-door Ford Coupe —to waste time driving about the countryside. With no destination in mind, no schedule to keep, we just drove right out of our suburban neighborhood and kept going past the outskirts of town until my folks felt like stopping. When Dad pulled the car off the road, we sprinted off in different directions —some to climb trees, some to catch critters, some to play hide-and-seek in the tall grasses, some to quietly explore foot-worn paths.

Those carefree escapades, some of my favorite childhood memories, seem like artifacts of another era. In a digital universe, unplugged spontaneity seems rarely sanctioned, if ever. It is sobering (to say the least) to consider that I am a part of a generation that has ushered in one of the most stunning paradigm shifts humanity has ever known.

I have lived in both worlds. My childhood days were untethered —no Internet, no smartphones, no persistent pinging of e-mails and texts, and no social media beyond our rotary dial phone. Television itself was a special event, served up sparingly and always fit for the entire family. My adult children, dubbed digital natives,[1] bridge the gap —I am the before and their children will be the after —the ones who will play out this saga of a change so capacious that we cannot find its edges, pulled along as we are by technology’s relentless pace.

About 2,500 years ago a sage named Heraclitus offered the familiar maxim: The only thing that is constant is change. The aging Greek philosopher was alerting us that the only thing we can know with certainty will never change is that things are going to change. In hindsight, his wisdom seems understated, for surely in his wildest dreams Heraclitus could not have imagined the stunning rapidity with which the world to which you and I awaken each morning seems to be altering its course. As journalist Douglas Rushkoff suggests in his book Present Shock, “Change is no longer an event that happens, but a steady state of existence.”[2]

The nagging sense that nothing about our lives is secure, that change is the new normal, is fueled by our ubiquitous presence online. Wherever we go and whatever we do, we are connected —from our cars to our bedrooms, from our desks to our coffee shops, from our churches to our kitchens. Amidst the ever-pinging text messages, the beeping backlog of e-mails, the plethora of posts, pokes, and pics on social media, as well as the expectation that we must be instantly available to everyone —friend or foe —who might contact us, we feel permanently tethered to our devices, as if they are some sort of technological umbilical cord connecting us to the universe.

I am not personally prone to panic attacks, but these days there are moments when I find myself out of sorts, almost as if I can’t quite catch my breath. I don’t think I’m alone in this. People of all ages seem terminally distracted, perpetually hurried, and often harried. It is rare for an answer to the question “how are you?” not to include the word busy and elicit some degree of angst. Collectively it feels as if we are losing something important in the name of progress, as if life itself is slipping through our fingers.

Yet if this is true, why do we not question the rhythms and patterns that govern our lives? What is it that makes us move mindlessly through our days, caught in the swift-moving current of a digital culture that waits for no one? Perhaps more importantly, what is all of this doing to the state of our souls? If the Spirit of God wanted to capture our undivided attention, what might he ever so gently whisper? And could we hear him amidst the cacophony of cyber-static that surrounds us?

As someone who is passionate about spiritual formation, these questions have arrested my heart and mind. I have studied and read and prayed and pondered, and to be honest, it feels as if I’ve opened a Pandora’s Box with contents worse than I expected. There’s little question that dangers lurk in this digital sea in which we swim day in and day out, and while these have serious spiritual implications for Christ followers, the church seems largely silent on the issue. Instead, the voices of educators, neuroscientists, humanitarians, medical doctors, politicians, executives, psychologists, and social scientists alike resound in an increasingly loud chorus of caution concerning the long-term negative effects that technology may be having on culture and individuals, particularly those digital natives whose entire life experience has been one of a 24/7 connection.

My Love-Hate Relationship with Technology

Saturday night, circa 1959. Baths finished and pajamas donned, my four siblings and I were curled up on the living room floor watching hopefully while dad fiddled with the foil-wrapped rabbit ears that sat atop our small television. We were the first family on the block to get a color TV, an event that imbued us with almost-instant celebrity status in the neighborhood. There wasn’t much content to choose from in those days, but if we were lucky and the weather cooperated, Ben Cartwright and his boys would soon appear astride their horses as the Bonanza theme thundered its clip-clop tune and the credits emerged from the midst of a fire burning to the edges of the screen.

Fast-forward almost three decades to 1987. That particularly difficult winter, my vocal cords had been damaged from back-to-back throat infections, and the doctor forbade me to speak for a month. As a mother of two boys, this was an excruciating dilemma —until a good friend hauled over their Apple II computer. Now I could communicate by typing on a keyboard and watching my words magically appear on the screen. We were all in awe. Never mind that the computer was a cumbersome eyesore, taking up half of my kitchen table, where I had to remain in case I needed to talk to my family members —who, I might add, were far more enamored of that technological wonder than sympathetic to my plight.

These stories date me as a digital immigrant. I share them because they frame my perspective in writing this book. I have watched the ushering in of the technological revolution firsthand, and if I sound unduly alarmist at times, this is probably why. But truth be told, I love technology and can as easily become fixated on the next best thing as anyone else. I work from a computer with two monitors, and I have a two-in-one for travel, an Internet media center, an e-reader, and a smartphone. I use many of them continually, even in my morning devotionals, where a variety of apps enhances my spiritual quests. I am keenly aware not only that our hyperconnectivity is not going away but that the future will be increasingly difficult to navigate without a hefty level of technological acumen. Be assured, then, that this book is not a plea to return to the past, nor will it champion an unplugged life.

Yet, at the same time, I am disturbed at the spiritual losses that seem to be piling up, not only for individuals and families, but for the church at large, as a result of our wholesale and uninformed immersion into this digital universe. God has imbued our souls with certain capacities that are essential for knowing him and making his presence known in the world —things like reflection and meditation, communion and compassion, contemplation and listening, awareness and even prayerfulness. These and others are at risk, in part because of the frenetic nature of our lives, but more importantly because of the impact technology is having on our brains. Simply put, the neurological activity between our ears, which is greatly affected by our digital habits, has a direct link to our formation into Christlikeness. I believe the time has come for us to grapple seriously with this.

An Honest Assessment

Are there moments when you sense that your life is out of balance, that somewhere along the line you’ve lost control of how you manage your time and energy? Let me ask this another way: Can you say with confidence that technology is a servant to your needs rather than a silent taskmaster over you? Perhaps you’ve not really thought about it, but consider this: Do you ever

If you found yourself answering yes —as most probably would —you are living out some of the negative consequences of a hyperconnected life. But here’s the thing: Have you ever taken the time or invested the energy to consider what impact this is having on your walk with God? Do you ever honestly assess how your engagement with technology may be forming (or malforming) you as a spiritual being? My desire is that this book will challenge you to do just that. But at the same time, and equally importantly, I want to show you that there is a way out —that you do not have to be an unwitting victim of digitization. The truth is that God has given us all we need to recapture the capacities we need for our souls’ well-being and to bring spiritual balance to our lives.

How? Surprisingly, the answers begin with the exploding study of the human brain called neuroscience, which has not only discovered the ways that technology may be reshaping our brains, but also offers great hope for turning things around.

This Is Your Brain on Technology

When I was in third grade, Miss Small —a stout, gray-haired, no-nonsense Sunday school teacher who showed up every week in the same charcoal suit and white silk blouse —stunned our entire class by cracking a raw egg into a glass of beer, soberly warning us that the egg represented our brains.

The lesson itself, if there was one to be had, was lost on us. We squirmed and snickered in awkward awe at that can of Pabst Blue Ribbon sitting there on a Sunday morning in our Southern Baptist church. Truth be told, there wasn’t an eight-year-old among us who had ever been in such close proximity to a can of beer, much less breathed in its yeasty aroma as it bubbled and frothed its way to the top of the glass.

Turns out Alice Small may have been ahead of her time, at least in likening a brain to an egg. In the mid-1980s the Partnership for a Drug-Free America launched an ad campaign with a close-up video of an egg dropping into a frying pan, while a voice in the background uttered the well-known phrase “This is your brain on drugs. Any questions?”

Aside from the fact that the texture of a brain is more like a bowl of Jell-O than the contents of an eggshell, these examples rightfully allude to a more recent, astounding scientific discovery: Our brains have the property of plasticity. This means that rather than being hardwired in the womb, as was once assumed, our brains are always changing, even into adulthood, making constant adjustments over the course of our lives based on our everyday actions and experiences.

Here’s a brief overview of how this works. Incredibly, your brain hosts 100 billion neurons (nerve cells), roughly as many as the number of stars in the Milky Way. Any single one of these neurons can have up to ten thousand threadlike branches, which continually send or receive signals from other neurons —a bit like friends talking on the telephone. Between these branches are minuscule spaces called synapses, which is where these signals —your thoughts, perceptions, and memories —shuttle along like race cars at speeds of up to 250 miles per hour. When you go to sleep at night, this activity continues as your brain sets about the task of pruning. Neurons grow new branches and lose old ones, and neural pathways may be strengthened, shrunk, created, or destroyed based on what you did during your waking hours.

All of this relates to an important principle regarding the brain’s plasticity, reflected in the increasingly popular phrase “Cells that fire together, wire together.” In short, the more you engage in any one thought process or behavior, the more regularly specific brain cells fire together, and thus the more deeply entrenched those supportive neural pathways become.[3] This is how you establish habits and form mental models that end up determining, in large part, your way of being in this world.

What are the spiritual implications of this? Our ever-increasing engagement with technology is deepening neural pathways that make it difficult to maintain practices that are essential for soul care. For example:

These are just a few of the ways that our hyperconnected lives may be imperiling our walk with God.

Finding Our Way Out

I hope you can see here that the stakes are too high for us to ignore. Yet because our brains have this marvelous capacity to adapt, we have hope: We really can take control of technology and make it work to our advantage. In fact, if you were to peruse a score of the latest books on technology and the brain, you would discover recommendations for a number of activities that promise to do just that.

Most of these recommendations are based on secular research. Studies indicate, for example, that reflection contributes to a well-rounded mind and an ability to “thrive in a complex, ever-shifting new world.” Meditation strengthens your brain and is a “stepping stone to becoming more compassionate, calm, and joyful.” Prayer can lower your propensity to anger and increase empathy. Contemplation can actually cause your brain to grow.[4]

It is a stunning fact that these practices and others were all laid out in Scripture thousands of years ago. In this book, I offer fresh ways to engage with many of these ancient spiritual practices. They can help you become a better steward of your digital life as you rewire your brain. To that end, we will explore four categories of our spiritual journeys, each one symbolized by a component from a discipline called lectio divina (“sacred reading”), which I use as a metaphor to frame the conversation.[5] Here is a short synopsis of what you can expect:

A Final Caution

I read recently that the amount of time we spend online, whether via computers, tablets, or smartphones, is becoming so hazardous that we will one day look back with attitudes much like those reflected today toward smoking —distress at the price we have paid, indignation that no one warned us of its perils. At the risk of overstatement, I have to say that this is the reality that troubles me day and night and has driven me to write this book. I am convinced that if we don’t wrestle with these issues now, we risk forfeiting our destinies and those of generations to come to the tyranny of technological urgency.

Yet, as much as I’d love for scores of people to read this book, I must caution you that reading alone will bring no lasting change to your spiritual life. If I’ve learned anything from my own journey and the variety of sources I’ve consulted as I’ve written this book, it is that transformation comes not through what we know but through what we do with it —or, in other words, through the practices we keep. The only way to effectively override unhealthy patterns of behavior is to establish new habits of life.

To that end, I pray fervently that you will take the practices in each chapter seriously enough to engage in them with determination and diligence. If you do, I believe you will be refreshed and invigorated as your brain is rewired, and you will find the balance you need to live in this hyperconnected world. Over time, your spiritual journey will deepen as your life is transformed for the glory of our Lord and the joy of your own heart.