1. Paul. N. Benware, Survey of the New Testament (Revised) (Chicago: Moody Press, 1990), 163.
2. Elmer L. Towns & Ben Gutierrez, The Essence of the New Testament (Nashville: B&H, 2012).
3. Paul N. Benware, Survey of the New Testament (Revised) (Chicago: Moody Press, 1990), 163.
4. The 2nd and 3rd Epistles of John were written to individuals. Louis Berkhof, New Testament Introduction (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans-Sevensma Co., 1915), 138, and M. G. Easton, In Easton’s Bible Dictionary (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1893).
5. Irving L. Jensen, Jensen’s Survey of the New Testament: Search and Discover (Chicago: Moody Press, 1981), 240.
6. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2147.
7. F. F. Bruce, Paul: Apostle of the Free Spirit, (Milton Keynes, UK: Paternoster, 1977).
1. Charles R. Swindoll, Paul: A Man of Grace and Grit (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2009).
2. Luke wrote 37,933 words and 2,183 verses, compared to Paul’s 32,407 words and 2,033 verses. Jeffrey Kranz, OverviewBible.com 2014; Bruce H. Wilkinson & Kenneth Boa, Talk thru the Bible (Nashville: T. Nelson, 1983), 328.
3. F. F. Bruce, Paul: Apostle of the Free Spirit (Milton Keynes, UK: Paternoster, 1977), 15.
4. Ibid, 16.
5. Ibid, 17.
6. Ibid, 18.
7. Ibid, 18.
8. See the fascinating discussion of these themes in F. F. Bruce, Paul: Apostle of the Free Spirit (Milton Keynes, UK: Paternoster, 1977), 18.
9. Charles R. Swindoll, Paul: A Man of Grace and Grit (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2009).
10. Lynn H. Cohick, NT231 Paul of Tarsus (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2015), Segment 8.
11. R. P. Lightner, Philippians. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 660.
12. Charles R. Swindoll, Paul: A Man of Grace and Grit (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2009).
13. John B. Polhill, Paul and His Letters (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman, 1999), 5.
14. Alister E. McGrath, Intellectuals Don’t Need God & Other Modern Myths: Building Bridges to Faith Through Apologetics (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2010).
15. F. F. Bruce, Paul: Apostle of the Free Spirit (Milton Keynes, UK: Paternoster, 1977), 37.
16. Cicero Against Verres, in The Verrine Orations, trans. L. H. G. Greenwood (London: Heinemann, 1928–1935), 2.5.66, par. 170.
17. Walter A. Elwell & B. J. Beitzel, Paul, The Apostle, In Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible, (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988), Volume 2, 1621.
18. Lyman Abbott, The Life and Letters of Paul the Apostle (Boston; New York; Cambridge: Houghton, Mifflin and Company; The Riverside Press, 1898), 28.
19. F. F. Bruce, Paul: Apostle of the Free Spirit (Milton Keynes, UK: Paternoster, 1977), 64.
20. Ibid, 71.
21. Lyman Abbott, The Life and Letters of Paul the Apostle (Boston; New York; Cambridge: Houghton, Mifflin and Company; The Riverside Press, 1898), 36.
22. D. J. Burrell, The Early Church: Studies in the Acts of the Apostles (New York: American Tract Society, 1897), 114.
23. Arno C. Gaebelein, The Annotated Bible: Matthew to The Acts (Vol. 6) (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2009), 279.
24. John G. Butler, J. G. Paul: The Missionary Apostle (Vol. Number Eleven). (Clinton, IA: LBC Publications, 1995), Volume 11, 40.
25. John B. Polhill, Paul and His letters (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman, 1999), 44.
26. G. Lyttelton, Observations on the Conversion and Apostleship of St. Paul (London, 1747), paragraph 1, cited by F. F. Bruce, Paul: Apostle of the Free Spirit (Milton Keynes, UK: Paternoster, 1977), 75.
27. J. D. Burrell, The Early Church: Studies in the Acts of the Apostles (New York: American Tract Society, 1897), 114.
28. Walter A. Elwell, In Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology (electronic ed.) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1996), 34.
29. Ibid, 34.
30. W. J. Conybeare & J. S. Howson, The Life and Epistles of St. Paul (New ed.) (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1893), Volume 1, 97.
31. Ray Stedman, Adventuring Through the New Testament (Discovery House Publishers, Kindle Edition, 2011), Kindle Locations 301–308.
32. Ibid, Kindle Locations 266–268.
33. Many scholars dispute that Mark 16:9–20, which contains the ascension account, were written by Mark and some of the earliest manuscripts do not include this section. The ESV has a note to that effect.
34. J. Vernon McGee, Thru the Bible Commentary: Church History (Acts 1–14) (electronic ed., Vol. 40) (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1991), vi.
35. Joseph S. Exell, The Biblical Illustrator (Acts): (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc., 1997), 2.
36. R. C. Sproul, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2010), 18.
37. Ben Witherington III, The Acts of the Apostles: A Socio-rhetorical Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1998), 71.
38. Joseph S. Exell, The Biblical Illustrator (Acts): (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc., 1997), 0.
39. John R. Stott, The Message of Acts: the Spirit, the Church & the World (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 34.
40. Ibid, 34.
41. Joseph S. Exell, The Biblical Illustrator (Acts): (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc., 1997), 1.
42. Ibid, 5.
43. John Foster Kent, The Work and Teachings of the Apostles (New York; Chicago; Boston: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1916), 8.
44. John B. Polhill, Acts (Vol. 26) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 23.
45. R. C. Sproul, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2010), 18.
46. Norman L. Geisler & Frank Turek, I Don’t Have Enough Faith to be an Atheist, (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2004), 240.
47. Mark Water, The Bible and Science Made Easy (Alresford, Hampshire: John Hunt Publishers Ltd., 2001), 30.
48. Norval Geldenhuys, Commentary on the Gospel of Luke: The English Text with Introduction, Exposition and Notes (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1952), 39; Josh McDowell, Evidence for Christianity (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2006). 94.
49. Associates for Biblical Research, Bible and Spade, Volume 3, No. 1, 7.
50. A. N. Sherwin-White, Roman Society and Roman Law in the New Testament (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963), 189.
51. Joshua Jipp, NT326 Book Study: The Acts of the Apostles (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2017) Segment 4.
52. J. B. Lightfoot, “Discoveries Illustrating the Acts of the Apostles,” Essays on the Work Entitled Supernatural Religion (London, 1889), 19–20.
53. Norman L. Geisler & Frank Turek, I Don’t Have Enough Faith to Be an Atheist (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2004), 256–259.
54. Brian Janeway, Is the Acts of the Apostles Historically Reliable? Part 2 of 2. Chafer Theological Seminary Journal, 1999) Volume 5, 76.
55. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2075.
56. Ibid
57. Ibid.
58. Brian Janeway, Is the Acts of the Apostles Historically Reliable? Part 2 of 2. Chafer Theological Seminary Journal, 1999) Volume 5, 74.
59. Ronald F. Youngblood, F. F. Bruce, et al. Thomas Nelson Publishers (Eds.), In Nelson’s New Illustrated Bible Dictionary (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, Inc., 1995), Acts of the Apostles.
60. Ralph P. Martin & P. H. Davids, In Dictionary of the Later New Testament and its Developments (electronic ed.) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1997), 11.
61. I. Howard Marshall, Acts: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 5) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1980), 22.
62. Hans Conzelmann, Acts of the Apostles: a Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles. (E. J. Epp & C. R. Matthews, Eds., J. Limburg, A. T. Kraabel & D. H. Juel, Trans.), (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1987), xlv.
63. Ralph P. Martin & P. H. Davids, (Eds.) In Dictionary of the Later New Testament and its Developments (electronic ed.) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1997), 12.
64. David S. Dockery, Holman Concise Bible Commentary (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1998), 498.
65. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2076.
66. I. Howard Marshall, Acts: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 5) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1980), 21.
67. Ben Witherington III, The Acts of the Apostles: A Socio-rhetorical Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1998), 70.
68. David S. Dockery, Holman Concise Bible Commentary (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1998), 500.
69. John B. Polhill, Acts. In Donald Guthrie, New Testament Introduction (4th rev. ed.) (Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity Press, 1996), 353.
70. Donald Guthrie, New Testament Introduction (4th rev. ed.) (Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity Press, 1996), 354.
71. Gary M. Burge, The New Testament in Antiquity (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2009), 232.
72. Michael J. Kruger, A Biblical-Theological Introduction to the New Testament: The Gospel Realized (Crossway. Kindle Edition 2016), 146.
73. My friend, Frank Turek, notes that this would have been an impossible assertion for Luke to make unless it was. The Jews would have known Luke was a liar if Priests had not converted. Luke would have discredited himself.
74. Michael J. Kruger, A Biblical-Theological Introduction to the New Testament: The Gospel Realized (Crossway. Kindle Edition 2016), 146–147.
75. Ibid.
76. John F. MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible (Nashville, TN: Word Pub. 1997), 1631.
77. John D. Barry, Douglas Mangum, et al., Faithlife Study Bible, (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012, 2016).
1. J. Sidlow Baxter, Baxter’s Explore the Book, (Zondervan. Kindle Edition), 1413.
2. Some scholars believe Theophilus is a generic addressee because linguistically the term means lover of God or one loved by God. But some believe it refers to a specific person of that name because Luke also addresses his Gospel to Theophilus and therein prefaces it with “most excellent.” Ancient writers often used that device to dedicate their works to members of the nobility. See R. C. Sproul, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 1910), 18.
3. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 2.
4. John B. Polhill, Acts (Vol. 26) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 80.
5. Ibid, 81.
6. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 6.
7. John R. W. Stott, The Message of Acts: the Spirit, the Church & the World (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 60.
8. Gordon D. Fee, The First Epistle to the Corinthians (N. B. Stonehouse, F. F. Bruce, G. D. Fee & J. B. Green, Eds.) (Revised Edition) (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2014), 668.
9. Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the First Epistle to the Corinthians (Vol. 18) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 193–2001), 89.
10. Charles C. Ryrie, Basic Theology: A Popular Systematic Guide to Understanding Biblical Truth (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1999), 399–400.
11. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 2.1
12. Millard J. Erickson, Christian Theology (2nd ed.) (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1998), 885.
13. Bruce B. Barton & D. Veerman, et al., Luke (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1997), 481–482.
14. Frank E. Gaebelein, Merrill Chapin Tenney & Richard N. Longenecker, The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: John and Acts (Vol. 9) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House).
15. John B. Polhill, Acts (Vol. 26) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 93.
16. Paul Gardner, 2 Peter & Jude (Ross-shire, Great Britain: Christian Focus Publications, 1998), 128-129; Bruce B. Barton, 1 Peter, 2 Peter, Jude (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Pub., 1995), 220–221.
17. Tremper Longman, Peter Enns & Mark L. Strauss, (Eds.), In The Baker Illustrated Bible Dictionary (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books. 2013), 1297, and Leland Ryken, James C. Wilhoit, et al., In Dictionary of Biblical Imagery (electronic ed.) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000), 633.
18. John B. Polhill, Acts (Vol. 26) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 95.
19. Allen C. Myers, In The Eerdmans Bible Dictionary (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1987), 966.
20. Leland Ryken, James C. Wilhoit, et al., In Dictionary of Biblical Imagery (electronic ed.) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000), 391.
21. Bruce Milne, The Acts of the Apostles: Witnesses to Him … to the Ends of the Earth (Ross-shire, Great Britain: Christian Focus Publications, 2010), 68; John B. Polhill, Acts (Vol. 26) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 110; S. D. Toussaint, Acts. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 358.
22. Lloyd J. Ogilvie, Acts (Vol. 28) (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Inc., 1983), 68.
23. John F. Walvoord, The Prophecy Knowledge Handbook (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1990), Appendix A.
24. See also the discussion of this by Patrick Henry Reardon, Christ in the Psalms (Chesterton, IN: Ancient Faith Publishing, 2000), 29–30.
25. W. A. VanGemeren, Psalms. In T. Longman III & D. E. Garland (Eds.), The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Psalms (Revised Edition) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2008), Volume 5, 191.
26. F. F. Bruce, The Book of the Acts (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1988), 67.
27. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 34–35.
28. Douglas Redford, The New Testament Church: Acts-Revelation (Cincinnati, OH: Standard Pub, 2007), Volume 2, 18.
29. See S. D. Toussaint, Acts. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 359.
30. Wayne A. Grudem, Systematic Theology: an Introduction to Biblical Doctrine (Leicester, England; Grand Rapids, MI: Inter-Varsity Press; Zondervan Pub. House, 2004), 981.
31. David G. Peterson, The Acts of the Apostles (Grand Rapids, MI; Nottingham, England: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2009), 166–167; Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 47.
32. Lloyd J. Ogilvie, Preacher’s Commentary, Acts (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Inc., 1983). Volume 28, 84.
33. Ravi Zacharias, “Answering a Questioner,” RZIM.org, http://rzim.org/just-a-thought-broadcasts/answering-a-questioner/.
34. David G. Peterson, The Acts of the Apostles (Grand Rapids, MI; Nottingham, England: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2009), 188.
35. John B. Polhill, Acts (Vol. 26) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 139–140.
36. Craig S. Keener, Acts: An Exegetical Commentary & 2: Introduction and 1:1–14:28 (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2012–2013), Volume 1, 996–997; Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 58.
37. Craig S. Keener, and John H. Walton Keener, NIV Cultural Backgrounds Study Bible: Bringing to Life the Ancient World of Scripture (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2016), 1872.
38. Dan Bouchelle, Acts 1–9: The Gospel Unleashed (Joplin, MO: HeartSpring Publishing, 2005), 48.
39. Joseph Klausner, From Jesus to Paul, E.T. (London, 1944), 282–83, cited by F. F. Bruce, The Book of the Acts (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1988), 97.
40. F. F. Bruce, The Book of the Acts (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1988), 99.
41. Craig S. Keener, Acts: An Exegetical Commentary & 2: Introduction and 1:1–14:28 (Vol. 1) (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2012–2013), 1168.
42. S. D. Toussaint, Acts. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 364.
43. Warren W. Wiersbe, Wiersbe’s Expository Outlines on the Old Testament (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1993).
44. John B. Polhill, Acts (Vol. 26) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 160.
45. Ibid.
46. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 78.
47. I. Howard Marshall, Acts: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 5) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1980), 122.
48. John R. W. Stott, The Message of Acts: the Spirit, the Church & the World (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 113.
49. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 82.
50. The term “Hellenist” has different meanings in different contexts. In 6:1 it means “Greek-speaking Jewish Christians; in 9:29 it means Greek-speaking Jews, and in 11:20 it means Greek-speaking Gentiles. Crossway Bibles. The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2106.
51. I. Howard Marshall, Acts: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 5) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1980), 139.
52. John B. Polhill, Acts (Vol. 26) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 193.
53. Ibid, 197.
54. Ibid, 188.
1. Mark Water, The New Encyclopedia of Christian Quotations (Alresford, Hampshire: John Hunt Publishers Ltd., 2000), 16.
2. Though Luke says all, he couldn’t have meant absolutely everyone, because the church continued in Jerusalem. S. D. Toussaint, Acts. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Vol. 2, 372.
3. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 136.
4. Ibid, 139.
5. Werner Herman Franzmann, Bible History Commentary: New Testament (electronic ed.) (Milwaukee, WI: WELS Board for Parish Education, 1998), 1227–1228.
6. Ibid.
7. F. F. Bruce, The Book of the Acts (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1988), 172.
8. John B. Polhill, Acts (Vol. 26) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 224.
9. Arno Gaebelein, The Annotated Bible: Matthew to The Acts (Vol. 6) (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2009), 278.
10. John D. Barry et al., Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012–2016).
11. S. D. Toussaint, Acts. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 375.
12. C. G. Kruse, Kruse, Persecution. In Dictionary of New Testament Background: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000), 777.
13. Werner Herman Franzmann, Bible History Commentary: New Testament (electronic ed.) (Milwaukee, WI: WELS Board for Parish Education, 1998), 1250.
14. Thomas Hale, The Applied New Testament Commentary (Colorado Springs, CO; Ontario, Canada; East Sussex, England: David C. Cook, 1996), 464.
15. I. Howard Marshall, Acts: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 5) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1980), 184; Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 161.
16. Charles C. Ryrie, Acts of the Apostles (Chicago: Moody Press, 1961), 57–58; John R. Stott, The Message of Acts: the Spirit, the Church & the World (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 176; John B. Polhill, Acts (Vol. 26) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 241.
17. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 160.
18. Ibid, 161.
19. M. G. Easton, Lydda, In Easton’s Bible Dictionary (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1893).
20. R. Jones, Sharon, Plain of. In J. D. Barry, D. Bomar, D. R. Brown, R. Klippenstein, D. Mangum, C. Sinclair Wolcott, … W. Widder (Eds.), The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016).
21. Walter A. Elwell & Phlip W. Comfort,. In Tyndale Bible dictionary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 2001), 53; A. Van Selms, Gentile. In G. W. Bromiley, The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Revised (Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1979–1988), Volume 2, 444.
22. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 167.
23. John R. Stott, The Message of Acts: the Spirit, the Church & the World (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 183.
24. I. Howard Marshall, Acts: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 5) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1980), 194.
25. F. F. Bruce, The Book of the Acts (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1988), 204.
26. Simon J. Kistemaker & W. Hendriksen, Exposition of the Acts of the Apostles (Vol. 17) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 380.
27. Ibid, 386.
28. F. F. Bruce, The Book of the Acts (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1988), 206.
29. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 184.
30. Ibid, 180.
31. S. D. Toussaint, Acts. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 382.
32. The term “Hellenist” has different meanings in different contexts. In 6:1 it means “Greek-speaking Jewish Christians; in 9:29 it means Greek-speaking Jews, and in 11:20 it means Greek-speaking Gentiles. Crossway Bibles. The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2106.
33. John R. Stott, The Message of Acts: the Spirit, the Church & the World (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 201.
34. Simon J. Kistemaker & W. Hendriksen, Exposition of the Acts of the Apostles (Vol. 17) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 422.
35. M. G. Easton, In Easton’s Bible dictionary (New York: Harper & Brothers), 1893.
36. Craig S. Keener & John H. Walton, (Eds.), NIV Cultural Backgrounds Study Bible: Bringing to Life the Ancient World of Scripture (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2016), 1897.
37. Charles C. Ryrie, Acts of the Apostles (Chicago: Moody Press, 1961), 57–58; John R. Stott, The Message of Acts: the Spirit, the Church & the World (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 69.
38. John F. MacArthur, Jr. The MacArthur Study Bible: New American Standard Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2006).
39. H. W. Hoehner. In G. W. Bromiley, The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Revised (Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1979–1988), Volume 2, 697.
40. John F. MacArthur, Jr. The MacArthur Study Bible: New American Standard Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2006).
41. John Chrysostom, Homilies of St. John Chrysostom, Archbishop of Constantinople, on the Acts of the Apostles. In P. Schaff, J. Walker, J. Sheppard, H. Browne & G. B. Stevens (Trans.), Saint Chrysostom: Homilies on the Acts of the Apostles and the Epistle to the Romans (Vol. 11) (New York: Christian Literature Company, 1889), 172.
42. Word In Life Study Bible (electronic ed.), (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 1996), Acts 12:12–17.
43. F. F. Bruce, The Book of the Acts (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1988), 239.
44. John R. Stott, The Message of Acts: the Spirit, the Church & the World (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 209.
45. Flavius Josephus & William Whiston, The Works of Josephus: Complete and Unabridged (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1987), Antiquities, 19.349–351, 523–524.
46. Werner Herman Franzmann, Bible History Commentary: New Testament (electronic ed.) (Milwaukee, WI: WELS Board for Parish Education, 1998), 1297.
47. Thomas D. Lea & David Alan Black, The New Testament: Its Background and Message (2nd ed.) (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2003), 305–306.
48. F. Dicken, F. Herod Antipas. In J. D. Barry, D. Bomar, D. R. Brown, R. Klippenstein, D. Mangum, C. Sinclair Wolcott, … W. Widder (Eds.), The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016).
49. F. F. Bruce, The Book of the Acts (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1988), 247.
50. Werner Herman Franzmann, Bible History Commentary: New Testament (electronic ed.) (Milwaukee, WI: WELS Board for Parish Education, 1998), 1303.
51. Jews often had a second name, either Greek or Roman, like John Mark, and so it was appropriate for Luke to begin calling Paul by his non-Jewish name, as he was now beginning, in earnest, his mission to the Gentiles. John R. Stott, The Message of Acts: the Spirit, the Church & the World (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 219.
52. John R. Stott, The Message of Acts: the Spirit, the Church & the World (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 220.
53. Richard N. Longenecker, The Acts of the Apostles. In F. E. Gaebelein, The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: John and Acts (Vol. 9) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1981), 420.
54. Werner Herman Franzmann, Bible History Commentary: New Testament (electronic ed.) (Milwaukee, WI: WELS Board for Parish Education, 1998), 1308.
55. F. F. Bruce, The Book of the Acts (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1988), 255.
56. I. Howard Marshall, Acts: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 5) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1980), 237; S. D. Toussaint, Acts. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 390; F. F. Bruce, The Book of the Acts (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1988), 255.
57. Craig A. Blaising and Darrell L. Bock, Progressive Dispensationalism (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1993), 166.
58. Robert D. Bergen, 1, 2 Samuel (Vol. 7) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1996), 340.
59. Richard N. Longenecker, Acts. In T. Longman III & D. E. Garland (Eds.), The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Luke–Acts (Revised Edition) (Vol. 10) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan), 922.
60. F. F. Bruce, The Book of the Acts (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1988), 260.
61. S. D. Toussaint, Acts. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 390.
1. Mark Water, The New Encyclopedia of Christian Quotations (Alresford, Hampshire: John Hunt Publishers Ltd.), 314.
2. Richard N. Longenecker, The Acts of the Apostles, In F. E. Gaebelein, The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: John and Acts (Vol. 9) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1981), 436.
3. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 239.
4. John B. Polhill, Acts (Vol. 26) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 316.
5. C. K. Barrett, “Theologia Crucis—in Acts,” in Theologia Crucis—Signum Crucis: Festschrift für E. Dinkler, ed. G. Andresen and E. Klein (Tübingen, 1979), 79.
6. Wayne A. Grudem, 1 Peter: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 17) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1988), 192.
7. John W. Wade, Acts: Unlocking the Scriptures for You (Cincinnati, OH: Standard, 1987), 153.
8. Richard N. Longenecker, The Acts of the Apostles, In F. E. Gaebelein, The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: John and Acts (Vol. 9) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1981), 442.
9. John W. Wade, Acts: Unlocking the Scriptures for You (Cincinnati, OH: Standard, 1987), 159.
10. John R. W. Stott, The Message of Acts: the Spirit, the Church & the World (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 247; F. F. Bruce, The Book of the Acts (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 1988), 295.
11. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 262.
12. F. F. Bruce, The Book of the Acts (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 1988), 296.
13. Clinton E. Arnold, Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary: John, Acts. (Vol. 2) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2002), 362.
14. John R. W. Stott, The message of Acts: the Spirit, the Church & the World (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 248.
15. Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the Acts of the Apostles (Vol. 17) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 557.
16. John R. W. Stott, The message of Acts: the Spirit, the Church & the World (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 248.
17. S. D. Toussaint, Acts, In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 396.
18. John F. MacArthur, Jr. Acts (Chicago: Moody Press, 1994), Volume 2, 85.
19. I. Howard Marshall, Acts: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 5) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1980, 276.
20. N. T. Wright, Acts for Everyone, Part 2: Chapters 13–28 (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 2008), 59.
21. D. A. Carson, The Gospels and Acts. In D. A. Carson, NIV Zondervan Study Bible: Built on the Truth of Scripture and Centered on the Gospel Message (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2015), 2252.
22. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2117.
23. Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the Acts of the Apostles (Vol. 17) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, (1953–2001), 714.
24. N. T. Wright, Acts for Everyone, Part 2: Chapters 13–28 (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 2008), 63.
25. S. D. Toussaint, Acts, In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 399.
26. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 283.
27. John F. MacArthur, Jr. The MacArthur Study Bible: New American Standard Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2006).
28. S. D. Toussaint, Acts, In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 401.
29. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2120.
30. Clinton E. Arnold, Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary: John, Acts. (Vol. 2) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2002), 379.
31. D. A. Carson, The Gospels and Acts. In D. A. Carson, NIV Zondervan Study Bible: Built on the Truth of Scripture and Centered on the Gospel Message (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2015), 2255.
32. Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the Acts of the Apostles (Vol. 17) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 625.
33. Charles C. Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible: New International Version (Expanded ed.) (Chicago: Moody Publishers, 1994), 1700.
34. Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the Acts of the Apostles (Vol. 17) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 628–629.
35. Gary H. Everett, The Book of Acts (Gary Everett, 2011), 194.
36. I. Howard Marshall, Acts: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 5) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1980, 305.
37. Chalmer E. Faw, Acts (Scottdale, PA: Herald Press. 1993), 196.
38. M. S. Beal, Corinth. In J. D. Barry, D. Bomar, D. R. Brown, R. Klippenstein, D. Mangum, C. Sinclair Wolcott, … W. Widder (Eds.), The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016).
39. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2151.
40. Walter H. Franzmann, Bible History Commentary: New Testament (electronic ed.) (Milwaukee, WI: WELS Board for Parish Education, 1998), 1370.
41. C. Suetonius Tranquillus, Suetonius: The Lives of the Twelve Caesars; An English Translation, Augmented with the Biographies of Contemporary Statesmen, Orators, Poets, and Other Associates (A. Thomson, Ed.). Medford, MA: Gebbie & Co., 1889), Chapter 25.
42. Craig A. Evans, Ancient Texts for New Testament Studies: A Guide to the Background Literature (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2005), 298.
43. I. Howard Marshall, Acts: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 5) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1980, 313.
44. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2171.
45. John F. MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub, 1997), 1667.
46. Francis Martin & Evan Smith, Acts (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2006), 227.
47. John Calvin & Henry Beveridge, Commentary Upon the Acts of the Apostles (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010), Volume 2, 191.
48. Gordon J. Keddie, You Are My Witnesses: The Message of the Acts of the Apostles (Darlington, England: Evangelical Press, 2000), 222.
49. Walter H. Franzmann, Bible History Commentary: New Testament (electronic ed.) (Milwaukee, WI: WELS Board for Parish Education, 1998), 1372.
50. William M. Ramsay, St. Paul the Traveller and the Roman citizen (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1907), 260.
51. Walter H. Franzmann, Bible History Commentary: New Testament (electronic ed.) (Milwaukee, WI: WELS Board for Parish Education, 1998), 1375.
52. Charles C. Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible: New International Version (Expanded ed.) (Chicago: Moody Publishers), 1702.
53. Charles C. Ryrie, Basic Theology: A Popular Systematic Guide to Understanding Biblical Truth (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1999), 409.
54. John R. W. Stott, The Message of Acts: the Spirit, the Church & the World (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 304–305.
55. John F. MacArthur, Jr. The MacArthur study Bible: New American Standard Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2006).
56. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2097.
57. Charles C. Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible: New International Version (Expanded ed.) (Chicago: Moody Publishers), 1703.
58. Joseph Addison Alexander, The Acts of the Apostles Explained (Vol. 2) (London: James Nisbet & Co., 1857), 193.
59. F. F. Bruce, The Book of the Acts (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 1988), 366.
60. R. C. Sproul, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2010), 329.
61. John W. Wade, Acts: Unlocking the Scriptures for You (Cincinnati, OH: Standard, 1987), 204.
62. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 333.
63. R. D. I. Miller, Sacred Stone, In D. N. Freedman, The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary (New York: Doubleday, 1992), Volume 5, 870.
64. John R. W. Stott, The Message of Acts: the Spirit, the Church & the World (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 316.
65. Ibid.
66. Major Contributors and Editors, Achaia. In J. D. Barry, D. Bomar, D. R. Brown, R. Klippenstein, D. Mangum, C. Sinclair Wolcott, … W. Widder (Eds.), The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016).
67. Charles C. Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible: New International Version (Expanded ed.) (Chicago: Moody Publishers), 1705.
68. John R. W. Stott, The Message of Acts: the Spirit, the Church & the World (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 317; Craig S. Keener and John H. Walter, NIV Cultural Backgrounds Study Bible: Bringing to Life the Ancient World of Scripture (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2016), 1920.
69. Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the Acts of the Apostles (Vol. 17) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 713.
70. John B. Polhill, Acts (Vol. 26) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 418.
71. Bruce Milne, The Acts of the Apostles: Witnesses to Him … to the Ends of the Earth (Ross-shire, Great Britain: Christian Focus Publications, 2010), 398; Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the Acts of the Apostles (Vol. 17) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, (1953–2001), 717; Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999) 343; John B. Polhill, Acts (Vol. 26) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 418.
72. John B. Polhill, Acts (Vol. 26) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 418.
73. A. M. Rodrigues, Assos, In J. D. Barry, D. Bomar, D. R. Brown, R. Klippenstein, D. Mangum, C. Sinclair Wolcott, … W. Widder (Eds.), The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016).
74. Paul W. Walaskay, Acts. (P. D. Miller & D. L. Bartlett, Eds.) (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 1998), 187; see also John B. Polhill, Acts (Vol. 26) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 421.
75. John F. MacArthur, Jr. The MacArthur Study Bible: New American Standard Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2006), 1672.
76. Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the Acts of the Apostles (Vol. 17) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 731.
77. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 350.
78. Ibid, 353.
1. Mark Walter, The New Encyclopedia of Christian Quotations (Alresford, Hampshire: John Hunt Publishers Ltd.), 315.
2. Geoffrey William Bromiley, (Ed.) In The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Revised (Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1979–1988), Volume 3, 488.
3. I. Howard Marshall, Acts: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 5) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1980), 359; John B. Polhill, Acts (Vol. 26) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 748.
4. Matthew Henry, Matthew Henry’s Commentary On the Whole Bible: Complete and Unabridged in One Volume (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1994), 2160.
5. Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the Acts of the Apostles (Vol. 17) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 750.
6. John Calvin & Henry Beveridge, Commentary upon the Acts of the Apostles (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010), Volume 2, 268.
7. John B. Polhill, Acts (Vol. 26) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 433.
8. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 362.
9. Walter C. Kaiser, Jr., Peter H. Davids, et al., Hard Sayings of the Bible (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1996), 38.
10. Ronald F. Youngblood, et al., Thomas Nelson Publishers (Eds.), In Nelson’s New Illustrated Bible Dictionary (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, Inc., 1995).
11. S. D. Toussaint, Acts. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 417.
12. S. D. Toussaint, Acts. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 417.
13. Stephen F. Olford & David Olford, Anointed Expository Preaching (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1998), 277; Maxie Dunham & Lloyd J. Ogilvie, Galatians / Ephesians / Philippians / Colossians / Philemon (Vol. 31) (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Inc., 1982), 376.
14. Clinton E. Arnold, Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary: John, Acts. (Vol. 2) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2002), 441.
15. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 380.
16. Ibid, 381.
17. John F. MacArthur, Jr. John MacArthur Sermon Archive (Panorama City, CA: Grace to You, 2014), Providential Protection, October 13, 1974.
18. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 382.
19. Flavius Josephus & William Whiston, The Works of Josephus: Complete and Unabridged, Antiquities of the Jews, XX, 6, 2–3; 9, 1–2, (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1987); Stewart Custer, Witness to Christ : A Commentary on Acts (Greenville, SC: BJU Press, 2000), 330.
20. I. Howard Marshall, Acts: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 5) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1980), 384.
21. F. F. Bruce, The Book of the Acts (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1988), 436.
22. Robert B. Hughes & Carl J. Laney, Tyndale Concise Bible Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 2001). 504; see also John R. W. Stott, The Message of Acts: the Spirit, the Church & the World (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 360.
23. Flavius Josephus & William Whiston, The Works of Josephus: Complete and unabridged (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1987), The Jewish Wars, 2.12.1 Sections 228–31; 5.5.2 Section 194; Antiquities 15.11.5 Section 417; B. D. Chilton, Judaism, In J. B. Green & S. McKnight (Eds.), Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1992), 404.
24. F. F. Bruce, The Book of the Acts (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1988), 441.
25. William H. Willimon, Acts (Atlanta, GA: John Knox Press, 1988), 174.
26. John R. W. Stott, The Message of Acts: the Spirit, the Church & the World (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 358.
27. Ibid, 358–359.
28. Ibid, 361.
29. Werner Herman Franzmann, Bible History Commentary: New Testament (electronic ed.) (Milwaukee, WI: WELS Board for Parish Education, 1998), 1437.
30. John B. Polhill, Acts (Vol. 26) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 485.
31. John F. MacArthur, Jr. Acts (Chicago: Moody Press, 1994), Volume 2, 309.
32. Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the Acts of the Apostles (Vol. 17) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001). 851; John B. Polhill, Acts (Vol. 26) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 486.
33. John B. Polhill, Acts (Vol. 26) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 487.
34. F. F. Bruce, The Book of the Acts (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1988), 453. John B. Polhill, Acts (Vol. 26) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 491.
35. I. Howard Marshall, Acts: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 5) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1980), 405.
36. F. F. Bruce, The Book of the Acts (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1988), 454.
37. Charles Caldwell Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible: New International Version (Expanded ed.) (Chicago: Moody Publishers, 1994), 1714.
38. I. Howard Marshall, Acts: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 5) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1980), 409.
39. Montague Rhodes James, The Apocryphal New Testament: Being the Apocryphal Gospels, Acts, Epistles, and Apocalypses (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924), 273.
40. S. D. Toussaint, Acts. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 423.
41. R. C. H. Lenski, The Interpretation of the Acts of the Apostles (Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Publishing House, 1961), 1020.
42. I. Howard Marshall, Acts: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 5) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1980), 410.
43. N. T. Wright, Acts for Everyone, Part 2: Chapters 13–28 (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 2008), 206.
44. Charles Caldwell Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible: New International Version (Expanded ed.) (Chicago: Moody Publishers, 1994), 1716.
45. Richard N. Longenecker, Acts. In T. Longman III & D. E. Garland (Eds.), The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Luke–Acts (Revised Edition) (Vol. 10) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2007), 1078.
46. John Calvin & Henry Beveridge, Commentary upon the Acts of the Apostles (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010), Volume 2, 389–390.
47. Joseph S. Exell, The Biblical illustrator (Acts): Or anecdotes, similes, emblems, illustrations; expository, scientific, geographical, historical, and homiletic, gathered from a wide range of home and foreign literature, on the verses of the Bible (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc., 1997), 378.
48. R. C. Sproul, Acts (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2010), 408.
49. Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the Acts of the Apostles (Vol. 17) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 915–916.
50. John F. MacArthur, Jr. Acts (Chicago: Moody Press, 1994). Volume 2, 343.
51. John Calvin & Henry Beveridge, Commentary upon the Acts of the Apostles (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010), Volume 2, 400.
52. R. C. H. Lenski, The Interpretation of the Acts of the Apostles (Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Publishing House, 1961), 1083.
53. John F. MacArthur, Jr. Acts (Chicago: Moody Press, 1994), Volume 2, 353.
54. F. F. Bruce, The Book of the Acts (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1988), 436.
55. Ibid, 475.
56. Paul W. Walaskay, Acts. (P. D. Miller & D. L. Bartlett, Eds.) (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 1998), 239.
57. F. F. Bruce, The Book of the Acts (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1988), 501.
58. S. D. Toussaint, Acts. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 429.
59. Ibid, 430.
60. S. M. Miller, “Bald, Blind and Single?” Christian History Magazine-Issue 47: The Apostle Paul & His Times, 1995.
61. F. F. Bruce, Paul: Apostle of the Free Spirit (Milton Keynes, UK: Paternoster, 1977), 469–470.
1. B. B. Barton, Galatians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1994), pp. x–xi.
2. Dale Leschert, The Flow of the New Testament (Fearn, Great Britain: Christian Focus Publications, 2002), 22.
3. Irving L. Jensen, Prison Epistles: Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians and 1 & 2 Thessalonians (San Bernardino, CA: Here’s Life Publishers, Inc., 1987), 10.
4. Irving L. Jensen, Journey of the Bible: The Remarkable Story of How the Bible Came from God to You (Minneapolis, MN: World Wide Publications, 1990), 83.
5. D. K. Campbell, Galatians, In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 587–588.
6. Z. G. Smith, Galatians. In J. D. Barry, D. Bomar, D. R. Brown, R. Klippenstein, D. Mangum, C. Sinclair Wolcott, . . . W. Widder (Eds.), The Lexham Bible Dictionary (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016).
7. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2241; D. K. Campbell, Galatians, In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 587–588.
8. D. K. Campbell, Galatians, In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 587–588.
9. Douglas J. Moo, NT341 Book Study: Paul’s Letter to the Galatians (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2015), Segment 3.
10. D. K. Campbell, Galatians, In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 588.
11. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2241; Douglas J. Moo, NT341 Book Study: Paul’s Letter to the Galatians (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2015), Segment 3.
12. John MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub., 1997), 1786.
13. Elmer L. Towns & Ben GutiÈrrez, The Essence of the New Testament (Nashville: B&H, 2012), Chapter 13.
14. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2241; Douglas J. Moo, NT341 Book Study: Paul’s Letter to the Galatians (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2015), Segment 3.
15. D. K. Campbell, Galatians, In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 588.
16. Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the Epistles of Peter and the Epistle of Jude (Vol. 16) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 312.
17. C. Marius Victorinus Afer, In Galatas, introd. (ed. A. Locher, 1), cited in F. F. Bruce, Bruce, The Epistle to the Galatians: A Commentary on the Greek Text (Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1982), 21.
18. Elmer L. Towns & Ben GutiÈrrez, The Essence of the New Testament (Nashville: B&H, 2012), Chapter 13.
19. F. F. Bruce, Bruce, The Epistle to the Galatians: A Commentary on the Greek Text (Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1982), 108.
20. Bruce B. Barton, Galatians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1994), 59–60.
21. John F. MacArthur, Jr. Galatians (Chicago: Moody Press, 1983), 55.
22. Bruce B. Barton, Galatians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1994), 62.
23. John R. W. Stott, The Message of Galatians: Only One Way (Leicester, England; Downer’s Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1986), 55.
24. John F. MacArthur, Jr. Galatians (Chicago: Moody Press, 1983), 58.
25. Bruce B. Barton, Galatians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1994), 82.
26. William Hendriksen & S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of Galatians (Vol. 8) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 112.
27. John F. MacArthur, Jr. Galatians (Chicago: Moody Press, 1983), 84.
28. Dale Leschert, The Flow of the New Testament (Fearn, Great Britain: Christian Focus Publications, 2002), 231.
29. D. K. Campbell, Galatians, In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 599–600.
30. Charles H. Spurgeon, Galatians (E. Ritzema, Ed.) (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2013).
31. Charles H. Spurgeon, Spurgeon’s Sermons, “The Uses of the Law” (electronic ed., Vol. 3, Albany, OR: Ages Software, 1998).
32. D. K. Campbell, Galatians. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 604.
33. Bruce B. Barton, Galatians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1994), 163.
34. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2254.
35. John R. W. Stott, The Message of Galatians: Only One Way (Leicester, England; Downer’s Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1986), 151.
36. Ibid, 153–154.
37. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2255.
38. Charles H. Spurgeon, Galatians (E. Ritzema, Ed.) (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press. 2013).
39. Timothy George, Galatians (Vol. 30) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1994), 416.
40. John F. MacArthur, Jr. Galatians (Chicago: Moody Press, 1983), 193.
1. William Hendrickson & S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of I-II Thessalonians, (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House),Vol. 3, p. 4.
2. Irving L. Jensen, Jensen’s Survey of the New Testament: Search and Discover (Chicago: Moody Press, 1981), 350.
3. F. F. Bruce, 1 and 2 Thessalonians (Vol. 45) (Dallas: Word, Incorporated, 1998), xxvii.
4. Leon Morris, 1 and 2 Thessalonians: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 13) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1984), 42.
5. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Thessalonians: Life Application Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1999), 17.
6. John R. W. Stott, The Message of Thessalonians: the Gospel & the End of Time (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 29.
7. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Thessalonians: Life Application Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1999), 17.
8. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2305.
9. Paul J. Achtemeier, Harper & Row and Society of Biblical Literature, In Harper’s Bible Dictionary (1st ed.) (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1985). 579.
10. R. E. O. White, Love. In Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988), Vol. 2, 1357–1360.
11. Paul J. Achtemeier, Harper & Row and Society of Biblical Literature, In Harper’s Bible Dictionary (1st ed.) (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1985), 579.
12. R. E. O. White, Love. In Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988), Vol. 2, 1357–1360.
13. Leon Morris, Testaments of Love (Eerdmans, 1981), 128, quoted in Leon Morris, 1 and 2 Thessalonians: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 13) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1984), 44.
14. Paul J. Achtemeier, Harper & Row and Society of Biblical Literature, In Harper’s Bible Dictionary (1st ed.) (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1985), 580.
15. R. E. O. White, Love. In Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988), Vol. 2, 1357–1360.
16. Eugene E. Carpenter & Philip W. Comfort, In Holman Treasury of Key Bible Words: 200 Greek and 200 Hebrew Words Defined and Explained (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2000), 305.
17. Leon Morris, 1 and 2 Thessalonians: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 13) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1984), 45.
18. Augustine of Hippo, Expositions on the Book of Psalms, In P. Schaff (Ed.) A. C. Coxe (Trans.), Saint Augustine: Expositions on the Book of Psalms (Vol. 8) (New York: Christian Literature Company, 1888), 243.
19. Leon Morris, 1 and 2 Thessalonians: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 13) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1984), 45.
20. Allen Verhey & Joseph S. Harvard, Ephesians (A. P. Pauw & W. C. Placher, Eds.) (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2011), 93.
21. Tim Shenton, Opening up 1 Thessalonians (Leominster: Day One Publications, 2006), 19–20.
22. Michael D. Martin, 1, 2 Thessalonians (Vol. 33) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1995), 63.
23. Tim Shenton, Opening up 1 Thessalonians (Leominster: Day One Publications, 2006), 21.
24. John F. MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible: New American Standard Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers., 2006).
25. Leon Morris, The First and Second Epistles to the Thessalonians (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1991), 82.
26. Douglas J. Moo, The Letters and Revelation, In D. A. Carson, NIV Zondervan Study Bible: Built on the Truth of Scripture and Centered on the Gospel Message (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2015), 2441.
27. Ibid, 2442.
28. Michael D. Martin, 1, 2 Thessalonians (Vol. 33) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1995), 101.
29. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2307.
30. Leon Morris, 1 and 2 Thessalonians: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 13) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1984), 69.
31. John R. W. Stott, The Message of Thessalonians: the Gospel & the End of Time (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 66.
32. William Hendriksen & S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of I–II Thessalonians (Vol. 3) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 88.
33. Gary Habermas, The Historical Jesus: Ancient Evidence for the Life of Christ (Joplin, MO: College Press Publishing Company, 1996), 146–152.
34. Gene L. Green, The letters to the Thessalonians (Grand Rapids, MI; Leicester, England: W.B. Eerdmans Pub.; Apollos, 2002), 186.
35. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Thessalonians: Life Application Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1999), 64.
36. Douglas J. Moo, The Letters and Revelation, In D. A. Carson, NIV Zondervan Study Bible: Built on the Truth of Scripture and Centered on the Gospel Message (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2015), 2443.
37. Ibid, 2444.
38. Norman L. Geisler, Systematic Theology, Volume Four: Church, Last Things (Minneapolis, MN: Bethany House Publishers, 2005), 253.
39. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2309.
40. John F. MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible: New American Standard Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2006).
41. Earl D. Radmacher, Ronald Barclay Allen & H. Wayne House, The Nelson Study Bible: New King James Version (Nashville: T. Nelson Publishers, 1997).
42. John F. MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible: New American Standard Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2006).
43. Ibid.
44. I believe the Bible teaches that the Rapture will occur before the seven-year Tribulation period (the pretribulation view), but some believe it will occur in the middle (midtribulation view), and others at the end of the Tribulation (posttribulation view). Still others believe the Rapture won’t occur at all, while some argue that it will occur, but will be partial—only certain believers will be raptured. There are also varying views as to whether Christ will return for a literal thousand-year reign (Millennial reign) and when He will do so. The premillennial view is that Christ’s return will come before His literal thousand-year reign. The postmillennial view is that the Millennium will be a time of peace, material prosperity, and spiritual welfare on earth brought about by the Church; that Christ will not be on earth during this period—except in the hearts of believers—but that He will return after the Millennium (not a literal thousand years) and His return will be followed immediately by the general resurrection and judgment. Ryrie, C. C. (1999), Basic Theology: A Popular Systematic Guide to Understanding Biblical Truth, Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 512; Campbell, D. K. (1991), Foreword in C. Bubeck Sr., Basic Bible Interpretation: A Practical Guide to Discovering Biblical Truth, Colorado Springs, CO: David C. Cook and TH341, Segment 23. The millennial view holds that Christ is currently reigning in heaven along with the believers on earth as they submit their lives to Him and evangelize, though His reign is not a literal thousand-year period. The period covers the time between Christ’s first and second comings and will be a mixture of good and evil, unlike the postmillennial view, which says it will be a time of peace and prosperity. Christ will not reign on earth for a thousand years, because He is ruling from Heaven. When Christ returns, there will be a general resurrection and judgment of both believers and unbelievers, after which both will be ushered into the eternal state. Chou, A. (2016). Millennialism in J. D. Barry, D. Bomar, D. R. Brown, R. Klippenstein, D. Mangum, C. Sinclair Wolcott, . . . W. Widder (Eds.), The Lexham Bible Dictionary. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press; Campbell, D. K. (1991). Foreword in C. Bubeck Sr., Basic Bible Interpretation: A Practical Guide to Discovering Biblical Truth. Colorado Springs, CO: David C. Cook, 231. See also Waymeyer, M. (2004). Revelation 20 and the Millennial Debate. The Woodlands, TX: Kress Christian Publications, page 3.
45. John F. MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible: New American Standard Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2006).
46. T. L. Constable, 2 Thessalonians. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985). Volume 2, 705.
47. Ibid, 706.
48. D. K. Lowery, D. K., 2 Corinthians. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 563.
49. J. A. Martin, Isaiah. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 1, 1059.
50. John F. MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible: New American Standard Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2006).
51. Ibid.
52. Ibid.
53. Ibid.
54. T. L. Constable, 2 Thessalonians. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 705.
55. Scholars differ widely in their interpretation of end-time events. The following is a rough outline of major end-time events prophesied in the Bible from the pretribulation/premillennial perspective: 1) the Rapture (John 14:1–3; 1 Cor. 15:51–52); 1 Thess. 4:16–18; Rev. 3:10); 2) the seven-year period of Tribulation (Daniel 9:27); 3) Christ’s Second Coming at the end of the Tribulation period, leading the armies of heaven to victory over His enemies (Zech. 14:1–11; Matt. 24:27–31; Rev. 19:11–16); after which the Antichrist and the false prophet are thrown into the lake of fire (Rev. 19:20); 4) Satan is cast into the abyss (Rev. 20:1–3); 5) Christ begins His millennial reign on earth (Psalm 72:8; Isaiah 9:6–7; Daniel 2:14–35; 44; 7:13–14; Zech. 9:10; Rev. 20:4); 6) Christ releases Satan from his imprisonment after His millennial reign (Rev. 20:7); 7) Christ destroys Satan by fire in the final battle (Rev. 20:9) and casts him into the lake of fire (Rev. 20:10); 8) the existing heavens and earth are destroyed (Rev. 21:1) and the new heavens and new earth are created (Peter 3:10; Rev. 21:1); 8) Christ rules forever in His eternal kingdom with all believers being part of his kingdom (Isaiah 9:6–7; Ezek. 37:24–28; Daniel 7:13–14; Luke 1:32–33; Rev. 11:15). Most of this is borrowed from a comprehensive, detailed outline in C. H. Dyer, Ezekiel in J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 1, 1318–1321.
56. Michael D. Martin, 1, 2 Thessalonians (Vol. 33) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1995), 181.
57. Ibid.
58. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2269.
59. Gary V. Smith, Isaiah 40–66 (Vol. 15B) (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2009), 672.
60. John F. MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible: New American Standard Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers., 2006).
61. Jeffrey A. D. Weima, Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament: 1–2 Thessalonians (R. W. Yarbrough & R. H. Stein, Eds.) (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic. 2014), 47.
62. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2314.
63. Charles C. Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible: New International Version (Expanded ed.) (Chicago: Moody Publishers, 1994), 1846.
64. Jeffrey A. D. Weima, Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament: 1–2 Thessalonians (R. W. Yarbrough & R. H. Stein, Eds.) (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2014), 48.
65. Robert H. Gundry, A Survey of the New Testament (Fourth Edition) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2003), 367–368.
66. William Hendriksen & S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of I–II Thessalonians (Vol. 3) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 154.
67. John F. MacArthur, Jr., 1 & 2 Thessalonians (Chicago: Moody Press, 2002), 229.
68. Tim Shenton, Opening up 1 Thessalonians (Leominster: Day One Publications, 2006), 22.
69. John R. W. Stott, The Message of Thessalonians: the Gospel & the End of Time (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 146.
70. Leon Morris, 1 and 2 Thessalonians: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 13) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1984), 117.
71. T. L. Constable, 2 Thessalonians. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 716.
72. John F. MacArthur, Jr., 1 & 2 Thessalonians (Chicago: Moody Press, 2002), 233.
73. Douglas J. Moo, The Letters and Revelation, In D. A. Carson, NIV Zondervan Study Bible: Built on the Truth of Scripture and Centered on the Gospel Message (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2015), 2451.
74. P. S. Johnston, Hell. In T. D. Alexander & B. S. Rosner (Eds.), New Dictionary of Biblical Theology (electronic ed.) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000), 543.
75. D. K. Lowery, 2 Corinthians, In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Vol. 2, 562.
76. William Hendriksen & S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of I–II Thessalonians (Vol. 3) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 161.
77. Ibid.
78. Most scholars maintain that Paul’s reference to Christ’s coming and the gathering of all believers to Himself concerns the Rapture (1 Thess. 4:13–18, etc.), because that is when believers will be transported to meet Him. The reference to the Day of the Lord in the same sentence, however, is referring to Christ’s Second Coming (and not the Rapture), when He will judge the world. F. F. Bruce, 1 and 2 Thessalonians (Vol. 45) (Dallas: Word, Incorporated, 1998). 163; T. L. Constable, 2 Thessalonians in J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985). Volume 2, 717; John F. MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible: New American Standard Bible (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers., 2006).
79. T. L. Constable, 2 Thessalonians. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 718.
80. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Thessalonians: Life Application Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1999), 125.
81. T. L. Constable, 2 Thessalonians. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 718.
82. F. F. Bruce, 1 and 2 Thessalonians (Vol. 45) (Dallas: Word, Incorporated, 1998), 167.
83. William Hendriksen & S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of I–II Thessalonians (Vol. 3) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 169.
84. T. L. Constable, 2 Thessalonians. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985). Volume 2, 719.; Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Thessalonians: Life Application Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1999), 130.
85. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Thessalonians: Life Application Commentary (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1999), 131.
86. Charles C. Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible: New International Version (Expanded ed.) (Chicago: Moody Publishers, 1994), 1965.
87. William Hendriksen & S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of I–II Thessalonians (Vol. 3) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 186.
88. Gene L. Green, The letters to the Thessalonians (Grand Rapids, MI; Leicester, England: W.B. Eerdmans Pub.; Apollos, 2002), 323–324.
89. G. K. Beale, 1–2 Thessalonians (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2003), 222–223.
90. Richard Mayhue, 1 & 2 Thessalonians: Triumphs and Trials of a Consecrated Church (Fearn: Christian Focus Publications, 1999), 194. Dr. Charles Ryrie writes, “God’s activity (the Holy Spirit’s work of regeneration) and man’s responsibility (faith) are equally necessary in salvation.” Charles C. Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible: New International Version (Expanded ed.) (Chicago: Moody Publishers, 1994), 1849.
91. T. L. Constable, 2 Thessalonians. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 721.
92. Jon A. Weatherly, 1 & 2 Thessalonians (Joplin, MO: College Press Pub. Co., 1996).
93. John R. W. Stott, The Message of Thessalonians: the Gospel & the End of Time (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994), 191.
94. T. L. Constable, 2 Thessalonians. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 722–723.
95. John F. MacArthur, Jr., 1 & 2 Thessalonians (Chicago: Moody Press, 2002), 302.
96. Ibid, 302–303.
97. William Hendriksen & S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of I–II Thessalonians (Vol. 3) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 202.
98. Ibid, 203.
1. Mark Water, The New Encyclopedia of Christian Quotations (Alresford, Hampshire: John Hunt Publishers Ltd., 2000), 230.
2. John D. Barry, Douglas Mangum et al., Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012–2106).
3. Paul N. Benware, Survey of the New Testament (Revised) (Chicago: Moody Press, 1990), 190; Charles C. Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible: New International Version (Expanded ed.) (Chicago: Moody Publishers, 1994), 1751.
4. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2187.
5. Ibid.
6. Paul N. Benware, Survey of the New Testament (Revised) (Chicago: Moody Press, 1990), 192.
7. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Corinthians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 6.
8. Ibid.
9. Craig L. Blomberg, NT334 Book Study: Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2017), Segment 2.
10. David K. Lowery, 1 Corinthians. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 506.
11. Leon Morris, 1 Corinthians: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 7) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1985), 30.
12. Marcus Dods, The First Epistle to the Corinthians (New York: Hodder & Stoughton; George H. Doran Company, not dated), 6.
13. Craig L. Blomberg, NT334 Book Study: Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2017), Segment 6.
14. Gordon D. Fee, The First Epistle to the Corinthians (N. B. Stonehouse, F. F. Bruce, G. D. Fee & J. B. Green, Eds.) (Revised Edition) (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2014), 65.
15. See Duane Liftin, Paul’s Theology of Preaching (Downer’s Grove, Ill.: Intervarsity, 2015).
16. David K. Lowery, 1 Corinthians. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 509.
17. William Sailer, J. Creighton Christman, et al., Religious and Theological Abstracts, “Sanctification and Justification: A Unity of Distinctions” (Myerstown, PA: Religious and Theological Abstracts, 2012).
18. Charles C. Ryrie, Basic Theology: A Popular Systematic Guide to Understanding Biblical Truth (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1999), 343.
19. William Sailer, J. Creighton Christman, et al., Religious and Theological Abstracts, “Sanctification: The Work of the Holy Spirit and Scripture” (Myerstown, PA: Religious and Theological Abstracts, 2012); Charles C. Ryrie, Basic Theology: A Popular Systematic Guide to Understanding Biblical Truth (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1999), 442.
20. See a more thorough discussion of these concepts in my book, Jesus on Trial, A Lawyer Affirms the Truth of the Gospel (Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, 2014), 76–80.
21. Millard J. Erickson, Christian Theology, (2nd ed.) (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1998), 1011.
22. Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the First Epistle to the Corinthians (Vol. 18) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 59.
23. Mark Taylor, 1 Corinthians. (E. R. Clendenen, Ed.) (Vol. 28) (Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing Group, 2014), 71.
24. Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the First Epistle to the Corinthians (Vol. 18) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 65.
25. Dale Leschert, The Flow of the New Testament (Fearn, Great Britain: Christian Focus Publications, 2002), 258.
26. C. K. Barrett, The First Epistle to the Corinthians (London: Continuum, 1968), 56.
27. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2193.
28. Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the First Epistle to the Corinthians (Vol. 18) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 63.
29. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2193.
30. Mark Taylor, 1 Corinthians. (E. R. Clendenen, Ed.) (Vol. 28) (Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing Group, 2014), 73.
31. Alan F. Johnson, 1 Corinthians (Vol. 7) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004), 62.
32. Anthony C. Thiselton, The First Epistle to the Corinthians: A Commentary on the Greek text (Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans, 2000), 208–209.
33. David E. Garland, 1 Corinthians (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2003), 82.
34. Ibid, 84.
35. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 910.
36. Walter C. Kaiser, Jr., A Neglected Text in Bibliology Discussions: 1 Corinthians 2:6–16 (Westminster Theological Journal, 43 (2), 301–319, 1980).
37. Robert Gromacki, Called to Be Saints: An Exposition of I Corinthians (The Woodlands, TX: Kress Christian Publications, 2002), 42.
38. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Corinthians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 46.
39. Wendell Lee Willis, “The ‘Mind of Christ’ in 1 Corinthians 2, 16,” Bib 70 (1989): 110–22; quoted in William Hendrickson & S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the First Epistle to the Corinthians (Vol. 18) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 94.
40. Wendell Lee Willis, “The ‘Mind of Christ’ in 1 Corinthians 2, 16,” Bib 70 (1989): 118; quoted in David E. Garland, 1 Corinthians (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2003), 102.
41. Steve Moyise, Paul and Scripture (London: SPCK, 2010), 90.
42. David Guzik, 1 Corinthians (Santa Barbara, CA: David Guzik, 2013).
43. A. W. Tozer, Reclaiming Christianity: A Call to Authentic Faith, (J. L. Snyder, Ed.) (Ventura, CA: Regal, 2009), 120.
44. Ibid, 129–130.
45. Mark Taylor, 1 Corinthians. (E. R. Clendenen, Ed.) (Vol. 28) (Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing Group, 2014), 98.
46. Morna Hooker, “Hard Sayings: 1 Cor. 3:2,” Theology 69 (1966): 21; cf. 19–22, cited in Anthony C. Thiselton, The First Epistle to the Corinthians: A Commentary on the Greek text (Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans, 2000), 291–292.
47. Gordon D. Fee, The First Epistle to the Corinthians (N. B. Stonehouse, F. F. Bruce, G. D. Fee & J. B. Green, Eds.) (Revised Edition) (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2014), 125.
48. Richard B. Hays, First Corinthians (Louisville, KY: John Knox Press, 1997), 51.
49. Ibid.
50. Ibid, 53.
51. David K. Lowery, 1 Corinthians. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 512.
52. Richard B. Hays, First Corinthians (Louisville, KY: John Knox Press, 1997), 55.
53. D. R. Sunukjian, Amos. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 1, 1437.
54. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Corinthians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 54.
55. David Prior, The Message of 1 Corinthians: Life in the Local Church (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1985), 59.
56. Richard B. Hays, First Corinthians (Louisville, KY: John Knox Press, 1997), 51.
57. Ibid.
58. Ben Witherington, III, Conflict and Community in Corinth: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary on 1 and 2 Corinthians (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1995), 134–135.
59. Richard B. Hays, First Corinthians (Louisville, KY: John Knox Press, 1997), 56–57.
60. Ibid, 57.
61. Ben Witherington, III, Conflict and Community in Corinth: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary on 1 and 2 Corinthians (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1995), 133.
62. Gordon D. Fee, The First Epistle to the Corinthians (N. B. Stonehouse, F. F. Bruce, G. D. Fee & J. B. Green, Eds.) (Revised Edition) (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2014), 166–167.
63. Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the First Epistle to the Corinthians (Vol. 18) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 122.
64. Gordon D. Fee, The First Epistle to the Corinthians (N. B. Stonehouse, F. F. Bruce, G. D. Fee & J. B. Green, Eds.) (Revised Edition) (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2014), 167.
65. Scot McKnight, The Letter of James (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2011), 272.
66. David E. Garland, 1 Corinthians. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2003), 127.
67. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Corinthians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 59.
68. Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the First Epistle to the Corinthians (Vol. 18) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 133.
69. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2196.
70. John MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub, 1997), 1734.
71. Marcus Tullius Cicero, The Orations of Marcus Tullius Cicero, literally translated by C. D. Yonge, B. A. (C. D. Yonge, Ed.) (Medford, MA: Henry G. Bohn, York Street, Covent Garden, 1856), Clu. 5.14–6.15; William R. G. Loader, The New Testament on Sexuality (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2012), 162.
72. Craig Blomberg, 1 Corinthians (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1994), 106.
73. Douglas J. Moo, The Letters and Revelation, In D. A. Carson, NIV Zondervan Study Bible: Built on the Truth of Scripture and Centered on the Gospel Message (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2015), 2335.
74. Gordon D. Fee, The First Epistle to the Corinthians (N. B. Stonehouse, F. F. Bruce, G. D. Fee & J. B. Green, Eds.) (Revised Edition) (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2014), 226.
75. Ibid, 225.
76. Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the First Epistle to the Corinthians (Vol. 18) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 172.
77. Gordon D. Fee, The First Epistle to the Corinthians (N. B. Stonehouse, F. F. Bruce, G. D. Fee & J. B. Green, Eds.) (Revised Edition) (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2014), 228.
78. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2198.
79. Larry Richards, Every Angel in the Bible (Nashville: T. Nelson, 1997), 200.
80. Mark Taylor, 1 Corinthians, (E. R. Clendenen, Ed.) (Vol. 28) (Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing Group, 2014), 148.
81. John F. MacArthur, Jr. 1 Corinthians (Chicago: Moody Press, 1984), 141.
82. Ibid.
83. W. Harold Mare, 1 Corinthians. In F. E. Gaebelein, The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Romans through Galatians (Vol. 10) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1976), 224.
84. Craig Blomberg, 1 Corinthians (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1994), 126.
85. Leon Morris, 1 Corinthians: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 7) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1985), 101.
86. Alan F. Johnson, 1 Corinthians (Vol. 7) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004), 103.
87. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Corinthians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 91–92.
88. Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the First Epistle to the Corinthians (Vol. 18) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 210.
89. John F. MacArthur, Jr. 1 Corinthians (Chicago: Moody Press, 1984), 156.
90. Ibid, 155.
91. D. F. Wright, Sexuality, Sexual Ethics. In G. F. Hawthorne, R. P. Martin & D. G. Reid (Eds.), Dictionary of Paul and his letters (pp. 871–875) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1993).
92. Ibid.
93. Mark Taylor, 1 Corinthians. (E. R. Clendenen, Ed.) (Vol. 28) (Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing Group, 2014), 166.
94. Gordon D. Fee, The First Epistle to the Corinthians (N. B. Stonehouse, F. F. Bruce, G. D. Fee & J. B. Green, Eds.) (Revised Edition) (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2014), 280.
95. Ibid.
96. Charles C. Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible: New International Version (Expanded ed.) (Chicago: Moody Publishers, 1994), 1762.
97. Ibid.
98. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Corinthians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 104.
99. Ibid.
100. Roy E. Ciampa & Brian S. Rosner, The First Letter to the Corinthians (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2010), 323.
101. Norman L. Geisler & Thomas A. Howe, When Critics Ask : A Popular Handbook on Bible Difficulties (Wheaton, Ill.: Victor Books, 1992), 510.
102. Walter C. Kaiser, Jr., et al., Hard sayings of the Bible (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity), 593.
103. Charles C. Ryrie, Ryrie Study Bible: New International Version (Expanded ed.) (Chicago: Moody Publishers, 1994), 1762.
104. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2202.
105. D. A. Carson, Weekend: When Knowledge Is Not Enough. (R. C. Sproul Jr., Ed.) Tabletalk Magazine, March 1996: All God’s Children, 1996, 42.
106. Craig L. Blomberg, NT334 Book Study: Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2017), Segment 45.
1. Mark Water, The New Encyclopedia of Christian Quotations, (Alresford, Hampshire: John Hunt Publishers Ltd., 2000), 487.
2. Roy E. Ciampa & Brian S. Rosner, The First Letter to the Corinthians (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2010), 402.
3. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Corinthians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 123.
4. John Chrysostom (1889), Homilies of St. John Chrysostom, Archbishop of Constantinople, on the First Epistle of St. Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians. In P. Schaff, H. K. Cornish, J. Medley & T. B. Chambers (Trans.), Saint Chrysostom: Homilies on the Epistles of Paul to the Corinthians (Vol. 12) (New York: Christian Literature Company, 1889), Hom. 1 Cor. 21.7, page 122.
5. Mark Taylor, 1 Corinthians (E. R. Clendenen, Ed.) (Vol. 28) (Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing Group, 2014), 217.
6. Roy E. Ciampa & Brian S. Rosner, The First Letter to the Corinthians (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2010), 411.
7. Craig L. Blomberg, NT334 Book Study: Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2017), Segment 40. Of course, Paul firmly believes the Gospel fulfills the hopes of Israel. He utilizes the same practice when evangelizing Gentiles.
8. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Corinthians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 129–130.
9. Mark Taylor, 1 Corinthians (E. R. Clendenen, Ed.) (Vol. 28) (Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing Group, 2014), 224; Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Corinthians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 132.
10. Leon Morris, 1 Corinthians: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 7) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1985), 138.
11. John F. MacArthur, Jr. 1 Corinthians (Chicago: Moody Press, 1984), 214–215.
12. David K. Lowery, 1 Corinthians. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 526.
13. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Corinthians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 138.
14. Craig L. Blomberg, NT334 Book Study: Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2017), Segment 45.
15. Richard B. Hays, First Corinthians (Louisville, KY: John Knox Press, 1997), 234–235.
16. Roy E. Ciampa & Brian S. Rosner, The First Letter to the Corinthians (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2010), 479.
17. Craig L. Blomberg, NT334 Book Study: Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2017), Segment 45.
18. Roy E. Ciampa & Brian S. Rosner, The First Letter to the Corinthians (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2010), 469.
19. Douglas J. Moo, The Letters and Revelation, In D. A. Carson, NIV Zondervan Study Bible: Built on the Truth of Scripture and Centered on the Gospel Message (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2015), 2345.
20. John F. MacArthur, Jr. 1 Corinthians (Chicago: Moody Press, 1984), 253.
21. Ibid.
22. Craig L. Blomberg, NT334 Book Study: Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2017), Segment 48.
23. Ibid, Segment 50.
24. Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the First Epistle to the Corinthians (Vol. 18) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 373.
25. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Corinthians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 157.
26. Gordon D. Fee, The First Epistle to the Corinthians (N. B. Stonehouse, F. F. Bruce, G. D. Fee & J. B. Green, Eds.) (Revised Edition) (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2014), 560.
27. Paul Barnett, 1 Corinthians: Holiness and Hope of a Rescued People (Ross-shire, Scotland: Christian Focus Publications, 2000), 209.
28. Anthony C. Thiselton, The First Epistle to the Corinthians: A Commentary on the Greek text (Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans, 2000), 889.
29. James Montgomery Boice, Romans: God and History (Vol. 3) (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1991), 1210.
30. Wayne A. Grudem, Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine (Leicester, England; Grand Rapids, MI: Inter-Varsity Press; Zondervan Pub. House, 2004), 1016.
31. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Corinthians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 168–169.
32. New Living Translation Study Bible, (Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 2008).
33. David Prior, The Message of 1 Corinthians: Life in the Local Church (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1985), 210.
34. Arnold Bittlenger, Gifts and Graces (Hodder & Stoughton Ltd, 1967), 53.
35. Jonathan Edwards, Ethical Writings (P. Ramsey & J. E. Smith, Eds.) (Vol. 8) (New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 1989), 185.
36. Paul W. Barnett, 1 Corinthians: Holiness and Hope of a Rescued People (Ross-shire, Scotland: Christian Focus Publications, 2000), 245.
37. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2052.
38. R. L. Wilken & J. L. Kovacs, (Eds.), 1 Corinthians: Interpreted by Early Christian Commentators. (J. L. Kovacs, Trans.) (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2005), 219.
39. Anthony C. Thiselton, Glossolalia. In The Thiselton Companion to Christian Theology (pp. 344–345) (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2015), 344; see also Paul J. Achtemeier, Harper & Row and Society of Biblical Literature, In Harper’s Bible dictionary (1st ed.) (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1985), 1082.
40. Wayne A. Grudem, Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine, (Leicester, England; Grand Rapids, MI: Inter-Varsity Press; Zondervan Pub. House, 2004), 1071.
41. V. D. Verbrugge, 1 Corinthians. In T. Longman III &. Garland, David E., The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Romans–Galatians (Revised Edition) (Vol. 11) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2008), 381.
42. Douglas J. Moo, The Letters and Revelation, In D. A. Carson, NIV Zondervan Study Bible: Built on the Truth of Scripture and Centered on the Gospel Message (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2015), 2351; Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the First Epistle to the Corinthians (Vol. 18) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 490.
43. Richard Oster, 1 Corinthians (Joplin, MO: College Press Pub. Co., 1995).
44. C. K. Barrett, The First Epistle to the Corinthians (London: Continuum, 1968), 320.
45. Craig L. Blomberg, NT334 Book Study: Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2017), Segment 63.
46. V. D. Verbrugge, 1 Corinthians. In T. Longman III &. Garland, David E., The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Romans–Galatians (Revised Edition) (Vol. 11) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2008), 382.
47. Mark Taylor, 1 Corinthians. (E. R. Clendenen, Ed.) (Vol. 28) (Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing Group, 2014), 341.
48. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2212.
49. Leon Morris, 1 Corinthians: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 7) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1985), 189.
50. John MacArthur, Jr. (Ed.) The MacArthur Study Bible (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub, 1997), 1753.
51. David E. Garland, 1 Corinthians (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2003), 665–666; Richard B. Hays, First Corinthians (Louisville, KY: John Knox Press, 1997), 247.
52. Richard B. Hays, First Corinthians (Louisville, KY: John Knox Press, 1997), 247.
53. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Corinthians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 213.
54. Paul W. Barnett, 1 Corinthians: Holiness and Hope of a Rescued People (Ross-shire, Scotland: Christian Focus Publications, 2000), 266.
55. Ben Witherington, III, Conflict and Community in Corinth: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary on 1 and 2 Corinthians (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1995), 287.
56. David K. Lowery, 1 Corinthians. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 541.
57. David E. Garland, 1 Corinthians (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2003), 673.
58. John F. MacArthur, Jr. 1 Corinthians (Chicago: Moody Press, 1984), 392.
59. Warren W. Wiersbe, Wiersbe’s Expository Outlines on the New Testament (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1992), 462.
60. John D. Barry, Douglas Mangum, et al., Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012, 2016).
61. L. M. McDonald, 1 Corinthians. In C. A. Evans & C. A. Bubeck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: Acts–Philemon (First Edition, pp. 255–366) (Colorado Springs, CO: David C Cook, 2004), 354.
62. William G. T. Shedd, A History of Christian Doctrine (Minneapolis: Klock & Klock Christian Publishers, n.d.), Vol. 2, page 403.
63. Norman L. Geisler, The Battle for the Resurrection (Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock Publishers, 1992), 30.
64. N. T. Wright, The Resurrection of the Son of God (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 2003), 278.
65. Gary R. Habermas, Experiences of the Risen Jesus: The Foundational Historical Issue in the Early Proclamatino of the Resurreciton, Dialog: A Journal of Theology, Vol. 45; No. 3 (Fall, 2006), pp. 288–297; published by Blackwell Publishing, UK. http://www.garyhabermas.com/articles/dialog_rexperience/dialog_rexperiences.htm.
66. W. Harold Mare, 1 Corinthians. In F. E. Gaebelein, The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Romans through Galatians (Vol. 10) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1976), 282.
67. Mark Taylor, 1 Corinthians. (E. R. Clendenen, Ed.) (Vol. 28) (Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing Group, 2014), 374.
68. Paul W. Barnett, 1 Corinthians: Holiness and Hope of a Rescued People (Ross-shire, Scotland: Christian Focus Publications, 2000), 278.
69. Norman L. Geisler, Resurrection, Evidence For. In Baker encyclopedia of Christian apologetics (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1999), 651–656.
70. David K. Lowery, 1 Corinthians. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 543.
71. Paul W. Barnett, 1 Corinthians: Holiness and Hope of a Rescued People (Ross-shire, Scotland: Christian Focus Publications, 2000), 282–283.
72. Ibid, 285.
73. Got Questions Ministries, Got Questions? Bible Questions Answered (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2002–2013).
74. S. J. Wellum, The Deity of Christ in the Apostolic Witness, In C. W. Morgan & R. A. Peterson (Eds.), The Deity of Christ (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2011), 131.
75. Bruce B. Barton & G. R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Corinthians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 230.
76. W. Harold Mare, 1 Corinthians. In F. E. Gaebelein, The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Romans through Galatians (Vol. 10) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1976), 288.
77. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2215.
78. Charles C. Ryrie, Ryrie study Bible: New International Version (Expanded ed.) (Chicago: Moody Publishers, 1994), 1776.
79. Douglas J. Moo, The Letters and Revelation, In D. A. Carson, NIV Zondervan Study Bible: Built on the Truth of Scripture and Centered on the Gospel Message (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2015), 2356.
80. David Guzik, 1 Corinthians (Santa Barbara, CA: David Guzik, 2013).
81. John MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub, 1997), 1757.
82. David Prior, The Message of 1 Corinthians: Life in the Local Church (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1985), 274.
83. George Eldon Ladd, I Believe in the Resurrection of Jesus (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1975), 115, 117.
84. W. Harold Mare, 1 Corinthians. In F. E. Gaebelein, The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Romans through Galatians (Vol. 10) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1976), 290.
85. Gordon D. Fee, The First Epistle to the Corinthians (N. B. Stonehouse, F. F. Bruce, G. D. Fee & J. B. Green, Eds.) (Revised Edition) (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2014), 891.
86. We explore this in greater depth in the Chapter on Romans.
87. Craig L. Blomberg, NT334 Book Study: Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2017), Segment 76.
88. Gordon D. Fee, The First Epistle to the Corinthians (N. B. Stonehouse, F. F. Bruce, G. D. Fee & J. B. Green, Eds.) (Revised Edition) (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2014), 892.
89. Paul Barnett, 1 Corinthians: Holiness and Hope of a Rescued People (Ross-shire, Scotland: Christian Focus Publications, 2000), 299.
90. Roy E. Ciampa & Brian S. Rosner, The First Letter to the Corinthians (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2010), 860.
1. W. W. Wiersbe, Wiersbe’s Expository Outlines on the New Testament, (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1992), 475.
2. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2219.
3. Bruce B. Barton & Grant R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Corinthians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 265.
4. Edward E. Hindson & Woodrow Kroll (Eds.) KJV Bible Commentary (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1994), 2334.
5. Ibid.
6. David S. Dockery, The Pauline Letters. In D. S. Dockery, Holman Concise Bible Commentary (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1998), 561.
7. Bruce B. Barton & Grant R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Corinthians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 258.
8. Murray J. Harris 2 Corinthians. In F. E. Gaebelein, The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Romans through Galatians (Vol. 10) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1976), 302.
9. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2220.
10. Murray J. Harris 2 Corinthians. In F. E. Gaebelein, The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Romans through Galatians (Vol. 10) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1976), 303; Edward E. Hindson & Woodrow Kroll (Eds.) KJV Bible Commentary (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1994), 2334.
11. Murray J. Harris 2 Corinthians. In F. E. Gaebelein, The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Romans through Galatians (Vol. 10) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1976), 302–303.
12. John F. MacArthur, 2 Corinthians (Chicago: Moody Publishers, 2003), 1.
13. Ibid, 2.
14. William R. Baker, 2 Corinthians (Joplin, MO: College Press Pub, 1999), 66.
15. Bruce B. Barton & Grant R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Corinthians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 271.
16. David E. Garland, 2 Corinthians (Vol. 29) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1999), 85.
17. David Guzik, 2 Corinthians (Santa Barbara, CA: David Guzik, 2013).
18. David K. Lowery, 2 Corinthians. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books. 1985), 556.
19. Bruce B. Barton & Grant R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Corinthians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 284.
20. Ibid, 290.
21. Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the Second Epistle to the Corinthians (Vol. 19) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 79.
22. John G. Butler, Analytical Bible Expositor: I & II Corinthians (Clinton, IA: LBC Publications, 2009), 180.
23. David Abernathy, An Exegetical Summary of 2 Corinthians (2nd ed.) (Dallas, TX: SIL International, 2008), 78.
24. Geoffrey W. Grogan, 2 Corinthians: The Glories and Responsibilities of Christian Service (Ross-shire, Great Britian: Christian Focus Publications, 2007), 71.
25. John Calvin & John Pringle, Commentaries on the Epistles of Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010), Volume 2, 152.
26. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2226.
27. John Calvin & John Pringle, Commentaries on the Epistles of Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010), Volume 2, 153.
28. William R. Baker, 2 Corinthians (Joplin, MO: College Press Pub, 1999), 118.
29. Murray J. Harris, 2 Corinthians. In F. E. Gaebelein, The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Romans through Galatians (Vol. 10) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1976), 337.
30. Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the Second Epistle to the Corinthians (Vol. 19) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 143–144.
31. William MacDonald, Believer’s Bible Commentary: Old and New Testaments. (A. Farstad, Ed.) (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1995), 1837.
32. Douglas J. Moo, The Epistle to the Romans (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1996), 503.
33. Geoffrey W. Grogan, 2 Corinthians: The Glories and Responsibilities of Christian Service (Ross-shire, Great Britain: Christian Focus Publications, 2007), 136.
34. John MacArthur, Jr. (Ed.) The MacArthur Study Bible (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub, 1997), 1770.
35. William MacDonald, Believer’s Bible Commentary: Old and New Testaments (A. Farstad, Ed.) (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1995), 1839.
36. Paul W. Barnett, The Second Epistle to the Corinthians (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1997), 276.
37. William R. Baker, 2 Corinthians (Joplin, MO: College Press Pub, 1999), 223.
38. David E. Garland, 2 Corinthians (Vol. 29) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1999), 284.
39. Bruce B. Barton & Grant R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Corinthians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 355.
40. David E. Garland, 2 Corinthians (Vol. 29) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1999), 300.
41. David Guzik, 2 Corinthians (Santa Barbara, CA: David Guzik, 2013).
42. John MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub, 1997), 1772.
43. N. T. Wright, Paul for Everyone: 2 Corinthians (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 2004), 66–67.
44. David E. Garland, 2 Corinthians (Vol. 29) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1999), 304.
45. John MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub, 1997), 1773.
46. J. Philip Arthur, Strength in Weakness: 2 Corinthians Simply Explained (Darlington, England: Evangelical Press, 2004), 149.
47. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2233.
48. D. A. Carson,, NIV Zondervan Study Bible: Built on the Truth of Scripture and Centered on the Gospel Message (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2015), 2371.
49. Ibid.
50. John MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub, 1997), 1776.
51. Mark A. Seifrid, The Pillar New Testament Commentary: The Second Letter to the Corinthians (D. A. Carson, Ed.) (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.; England: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company; Apollos, 2014), 356.
52. Bruce B. Barton & Grant R. Osborne, 1 & 2 Corinthians (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1999), 407.
53. David E. Garland, 2 Corinthians (Vol. 29) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1999), 410.
54. Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the Second Epistle to the Corinthians (Vol. 19) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 316.
55. George W. Clark, Romans and I and II Corinthians: Commentary (Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Society, 1897), 384–385.
56. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2235.
57. Chad Owen Brand, Charles Draper, et al. (Eds.) Meekness. In Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2003), 1098.
58. J. C. Connell, Meekness. In D. R. W. Wood, I. H. Marshall, A. R. Millard, J. I. Packer & D. J. Wiseman (Eds.), New Bible Dictionary (3rd ed.) (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1996), 747.
59. Simon J. Kistemaker & William Hendriksen, Exposition of the Second Epistle to the Corinthians (Vol. 19) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 334.
60. J. Philip Arthur, Strength in Weakness: 2 Corinthians Simply Explained (Darlington, England: Evangelical Press, 2004), 183.
61. Ibid.
62. Linda L. Belleville, 2 Corinthians (Vol. 8) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1996).
63. William R. Baker, 2 Corinthians (Joplin, MO: College Press Pub, 1999), 415.
64. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2238.
65. Ibid.
66. C. K. Barrett, The Second Epistle to the Corinthians (London: Continuum, 1973), 311.
67. Mark A. Seifrid, The Pillar New Testament Commentary: The Second Letter to the Corinthians (D. A. Carson, Ed.) (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.; England: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company; Apollos, 2014), 444; John MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub, 1997), 1783.
68. J. Philip Arthur, Strength in Weakness: 2 Corinthians Simply Explained (Darlington, England: Evangelical Press, 2004), 222.
69. John G. Butler, Analytical Bible Expositor: I & II Corinthians (Clinton, IA: LBC Publications, 2009), 253.
70. Linda L. Belleville, 2 Corinthians (Vol. 8) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1996).
71. David J. MacLeod, Surprised by the Power of the Spirit, Emmaus Journal, Volume 10, 121, 2001.
72. Mark A. Seifrid, The Pillar New Testament Commentary: The Second Letter to the Corinthians (D. A. Carson, Ed.) (Grand Rapids, MI; Cambridge, U.K.; England: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company; Apollos, 2014), 463.
73. David E. Garland, 2 Corinthians (Vol. 29) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1999), 533.
74. Ibid, 536.
75. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2239.
76. Paul W. Barnett, The Second Epistle to the Corinthians (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1997), 598–599.
77. David K. Lowery, 2 Corinthians. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 553.
78. John F. MacArthur, 2 Corinthians (Chicago: Moody Publishers, 2003), 6.
79. Paul W. Barnett, The Second Epistle to the Corinthians (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1997), 598–599.
80. D. A. Carson, NIV Zondervan Study Bible: Built on the Truth of Scripture and Centered on the Gospel Message (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2015), 2359–2360.
81. R. C. H. Lenski, The Interpretation of St. Paul’s First and Second Epistle to the Corinthians (Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Publishing House, 1963), 795.
82. James Luther Mays, Harper’s Bible Commentary (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1988), 1202.
1. Mark Water, The New Encyclopedia of Christian Quotations, (Alresford, Hampshire: John Hunt Publishers Ltd., 2000), 896.
2. Douglas J. Moo, The Epistle to the Romans (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1996), 1.
3. David S. Dockery, The Pauline Letters. In D. S. Dockery, Holman Concise Bible commentary (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1998), 541.
4. F. F. Bruce, Romans: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 6) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1985), 19.
5. Ibid, 20.
6. Douglas J. Moo, NT331 Book Study: Paul’s Letter to the Romans (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2014), Segment 1.
7. A. F. Walls, Aquila and Prisca, Priscilla. In D. R. W. Wood, I. H. Marshall, A. R. Millard, J. I. Packer & D. J. Wiseman (Eds.), New Bible Dictionary (3rd ed.) (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1996), 61.
8. Douglas J. Moo, NT331 Book Study: Paul’s Letter to the Romans (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2014), Segment 1.
9. John F. MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Bible Handbook (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2003), 364.
10. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2152.
11. Ibid.
12. Douglas J. Moo, NT331 Book Study: Paul’s Letter to the Romans (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2014), Segment 4.
13. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2154.
14. John D. Barry, et al. Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012–2016).
15. The Holy Bible: English Standard Version (Wheaton: Standard Bible Society, 2016).
16. Everett F. Harrison, Romans. In F. E. Gaebelein, The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Romans through Galatians (Vol. 10) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1976), 14.
17. Steve Bond, Apostle. In C. Brand, C. Draper, A. England, S. Bond, E. R. Clendenen & T. C. Butler (Eds.), Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2003), 88.
18. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2157.
19. Even the unknown writer of Hebrews meets these apostolic criteria, based on the rich content of his letter.
20. C. K. Barrett, A Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans (London: Adam & Charles Black, 1967), 17.
21. John Piper, J. Taylor, and P. K. Helseth, Beyond the Bounds: Open Theism and the Undermining of Biblical Christianity (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2003), 108; S. J. Lawson, Foundations of Grace (Lake Mary, FL: Reformation Trust Publishing, 2006), 47.
22. Ajith Fernando, The Supremacy of Christ (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 1995), 218.
23. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2157.
24. John D. Barry et al., Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012, 2016).
25. John MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub., 1997), 1691.
26. Colin G. Kruse, Paul’s Letter to the Romans. (D. A. Carson, Ed.) (Cambridge, U.K.; Nottingham, England; Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company; Apollos, 2012), 50–51.
27. William Hendriksen & S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of Paul’s Epistle to the Romans (Vol. 12–13) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 45.
28. Douglas J. Moo, The Epistle to the Romans (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1996), 61.
29. Crossway Bibles The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2158; John MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub., 1997), 1693.
30. Clinton E. Arnold, Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary: Romans to Philemon (Vol. 3) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2002), 12.
31. J. A. Witmer, Romans. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 443.
32. Charles H. Spurgeon, Spurgeon’s Sermons, “The Choice of a Leader,” (electronic ed., Vol. 21, Albany, OR: Ages Software, 1998).
33. Charles H. Spurgeon, Spurgeon’s Sermons “Idols Abolished,” (electronic ed., Vol. 23, Albany, OR: Ages Software, 1998).
34. John MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible, (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub., 1997), 1694.
35. R. C. Sproul, Romans (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2009), 52.
36. J. A. Witmer, Romans. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 444.
37. James Montgomery Boice, Romans: Justification by Faith (Vol. 1) (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1991), 182.
38. Grant R. Osborne, Romans (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004), 58.
39. Craig S. Keener, Romans (Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2009), 42.
40. John R. W. Stott, The Message of Romans: God’s Good News for the World (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2001), 81.
41. Robert H. Mounce, Romans (Vol. 27) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1995), 88.
42. Ibid, 91.
43. John MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible, (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub., 1997), 1695.
44. Grant R. Osborne, Romans (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004), 69.
45. J. A. Witmer, Romans. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 446.
46. Clinton E. Arnold, Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary: Romans to Philemon (Vol. 3) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2002), 19.
47. Grant R. Osborne, Romans (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004), 82.
48. John Calvin & John Owen, Commentary on the Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Romans (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010), 122.
49. Everett F. Harrison, Romans. In F. E. Gaebelein, The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Romans through Galatians (Vol. 10) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1976), 39.
50. Ibid.
51. Donald Williams & L. J. Ogilvie, Psalms 1–72 (Vol. 13) (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Inc., 1986), 288.
52. Everett F. Harrison, Romans. In F. E. Gaebelein, The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Romans through Galatians (Vol. 10) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1976), 40.
53. John D. Barry, et al. Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012–2016).
54. Charles H. Spurgeon, Christ in the Old Testament: Sermons on the Foreshadowing of our Lord in Old Testament History, Ceremony, and Prophecy (electronic edition.) (Chattanooga, TN: AMG Publishers, 1998), 370.
55. D. M. Gurtner, Romans. In C. A. Evans & C. A. Bubeck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: Acts–Philemon (First Edition, pp. 203–244) (Colorado Springs, CO: David C Cook, 2004), 213.
56. Bruce B. Barton, D. Veerman & N. S. Wilson, Romans (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1992), 76.
57. James Montgomery Boice, Foundations of the Christian Faith: A Comprehensive & Readable Theology (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1986), 256.
58. William Hendriksen & S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of Paul’s Epistle to the Romans (Vol. 12–13) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 164.
59. Grant R. Osborne, Romans: Verse by Verse (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2017), 130.
60. Douglas J. Moo, D. The Epistle to the Romans (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1996), 288.
61. Bruce B. Barton, D. Veerman & N. S. Wilson, Romans (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1992), 103.
62. R. C. Sproul, Romans (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2009), 98.
63. J. D. Greear & Timothy Keller, Gospel: Recovering the Power that Made Christianity Revolutionary (Nashville: B&H, 2011).
64. J. A. Witmer, Romans. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 461.
65. Ibid, 462.
66. William Hendriksen & S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of Paul’s Epistle to the Romans (Vol. 12–13) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 201.
67. Jack Cottrell, Romans (Vol. 1) (Joplin, MO: College Press Pub. Co., 1996).
68. Leon Morris, The Epistle to the Romans (Grand Rapids, MI; Leicester, England: W.B. Eerdmans; Inter-Varsity Press, 1988), 261.
69. John MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub., 1997), 1704.
70. Robert H. Mounce, Romans (Vol. 27) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1995), 158.
71. Douglas J. Moo, The Letters and Revelation. In D. A. Carson, NIV Zondervan Study Bible: Built on the Truth of Scripture and Centered on the Gospel Message (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2015), 2303; Crossway Bibles The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2168; Grant R. Osborne, Romans (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004), 166.
72. Jack Cottrell, Romans (Vol. 1) (Joplin, MO: College Press Pub. Co., 1996); John MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub., 1997), 1704.
73. R. C. H. Lenski, The Interpretation of St. Paul’s Epistle to the Romans (Columbus, Ohio: Lutheran Book Concern, 1936), 452.
74. John MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub., 1997), 1705.
75. R. C. Sproul, Romans (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2009), 121.
76. Grant R. Osborne, Romans (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004), 199; Crossway Bibles The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2168; Grant R. Osborne, Romans (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004), 2169.
77. Leon Morris, The Epistle to the Romans (Grand Rapids, MI; Leicester, England: W.B. Eerdmans; Inter-Varsity Press, 1988), 280.
78. R. C. Sproul, Romans (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2009), 122.
79. Leon Morris, The Epistle to the Romans (Grand Rapids, MI; Leicester, England: W.B. Eerdmans; Inter-Varsity Press, 1988), 281.
80. William Hendriksen & S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of Paul’s Epistle to the Romans (Vol. 12–13) (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1953–2001), 221.
81. Bruce B. Barton, D. Veerman & N. S. Wilson, Romans (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1992), 139.
82. Ray Comfort, The Evidence Bible: Irrefutable Evidence for the Thinking Mind, Notes. (K. Cameron, Ed.) (Orlando, FL: Bridge-Logos, 2003), 1464.
83. John F. MacArthur, Jr., Romans (Chicago: Moody Press, 1991), Volume 1, 383.
84. Charles E. B. Cranfield, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans (London; New York: T&T Clark International, 2004), 341.
85. Douglas J. Moo, The Epistle to the Romans (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1996), 458.
86. R. C. Sproul, The Gospel of God: An Exposition of Romans (Great Britain: Christian Focus Publications, 1994), 125.
87. Grant R. Osborne, Romans: Verse by Verse (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2017), 217.
88. H. D. M. Spence-Jones, The Pulpit Commentary: Romans (London; New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1909), 200.
1. R. C. Sproul, Before the Face of God: A Daily Guide for Living the Book of Romans, Book 1 (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House; Ligonier Ministries, 1992).
2. John R. W. Stott, The Message of Romans: God’s Good News for the World (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2001), 216.
3. E. F. Harrison & D. A. Hagner, Romans. In T. Longman III &. Garland, David E., The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Romans–Galatians (Revised Edition) (Vol. 11) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2008), 127.
4. Jack Cottrell, Romans (Vol. 1) (Joplin, MO: College Press Pub. Co., 1996).
5. Leon Morris, The Epistle to the Romans (Grand Rapids, MI; Leicester, England: W.B. Eerdmans; Inter-Varsity Press, 1988), 314.
6. Leon Morris, The Epistle to the Romans (Grand Rapids, MI; Leicester, England: W.B. Eerdmans; Inter-Varsity Press, 1988), 315.
7. The Sermon on the Mount by Joachim Jeremias (the Ethel M. Wood Lecture delivered before the University of London on 7 March 1961: University of London, Athlone Press, 1961), 96, 97, as quoted in John R. W. Stott, The Message of the Sermon On the Mount (Matthew 5–7): Christian Counter-culture (Leicester; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1985), 185.
8. F. F. Bruce, Romans: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 6) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1985), 174.
9. John MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible, (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub., 1997), 1708.
10. Bruce B. Barton, D. Veerman & N. S. Wilson, Romans (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1992), 162.
11. Douglas J. Moo, The Letters and Revelation. In D. A. Carson, NIV Zondervan Study Bible: Built on the Truth of Scripture and Centered on the Gospel Message (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2015), 2307.
12. R. C. Sproul, The Gospel of God: An Exposition of Romans (Great Britain: Christian Focus Publications, 1994), 147.
13. Ibid, 152.
14. Grant R. Osborne, Romans (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004), 226.
15. Ibid, 235.
16. John D. Barry, et al. Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012–2016).
17. J. A. Witmer, Romans. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 476.
18. E. F. Harrison & D. A. Hagner, Romans. In T. Longman III &. Garland, David E., The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Romans–Galatians (Revised Edition) (Vol. 11) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2008), 103.
19. John D. Barry, et al. Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012–2016).
20. Grant R. Osborne, Romans (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004), 240.
21. Leon Morris, The Epistle to the Romans (Grand Rapids, MI; Leicester, England: W.B. Eerdmans; Inter-Varsity Press, 1988), 357.
22. Ibid, 361.
23. But again, some commentators see this chapter not as pertaining to individual salvation concerning Pharaoh or anyone else. They believe that God hardened Pharaoh’s heart and used his rebellion to accomplish His will on earth.
24. John R. W. Stott, The Message of Romans: God’s Good News for the World (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2001), 271.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid, 272.
27. J. A. Witmer, Romans. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 481.
28. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2175.
29. J. A. Witmer, Romans. In J. F. Walvoord & R. B. Zuck (Eds.), The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), Volume 2, 481.
30. John J. MacArthur, Jr., Romans (Chicago: Moody Press, 1991), 111.
31. Bruce B. Barton, D. Veerman & N. S. Wilson, Romans (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1992), 217.
32. R. C. Sproul, The Gospel of God: An Exposition of Romans (Great Britain: Christian Focus Publications, 1994), 191; Bruce B. Barton, D. Veerman & N. S. Wilson, Romans (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1992), 222–223.
33. Robert H. Mounce, Romans (Vol. 27) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1995), 230.
34. F. F. Bruce, Romans: An Introduction and Commentary (Vol. 6) (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1985), 223.
35. Bruce B. Barton, D. Veerman & N. S. Wilson, Romans (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1992), 230.
36. Robert H. Mounce, Romans (Vol. 27) (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1995), 232.
37. Ibid, 231.
38. Ibid, 240.
39. John Piper, Sermons From John Piper, “Abhor What is Evil; Hold Fast to What is Good,” (Minneapolis, MN: Desiring God, 2004).
40. R. C. Sproul, The Gospel of God: An Exposition of Romans (Great Britain: Christian Focus Publications, 1994), 212.
41. George Thomas Kurian, In Nelson’s New Christian Dictionary: the Authoritative Resource on the Christian World (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2001).
42. John MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible, (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub., 1997), 1718.
43. Grant R. Osborne, Romans (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004), 343.
44. Walter C. Kaiser, et al., Hard Sayings of the Bible (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1996), 574.
45. Ibid, 575–576.
46. Jack Cottrell, Romans (Vol. 2) (Joplin, MO: College Press Pub. Co., 1996).
47. Crossway Bibles, The ESV Study Bible (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Bibles, 2008), 2180.
48. David L. Bartlett, Romans (P. D. Miller, Ed.) (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 1995), 122.
49. Douglas J. Moo, The Epistle to the Romans (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1996), 447.
50. David L. Bartlett, Romans (P. D. Miller, Ed.) (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 1995), 123.
51. Bruce B. Barton, D. Veerman & N. S. Wilson, Romans (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1992), 264.
52. John D. Barry, et al. Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012–2016).
53. John R. W. Stott, The Message of Romans: God’s Good News for the World (Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2001), 366.
54. As I’ve noted throughout, I’m not suggesting that every Old Testament law is still applicable to Christians or that all the so-called prosperity promises of the Old Testament apply to Christians, but every word of the Old Testament, like the New Testament, is the inspired Word of God.
55. John MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur Study Bible, (electronic ed.) (Nashville, TN: Word Pub., 1997), 1723.
1. F. F. Bruce, Paul: Apostle of the Free Spirit, (Milton Keynes, UK: Paternoster, 1977), 210.