Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

Italic

Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, file extensions, path names, directories, and Unix utilities.

Constant width

Indicates commands, options, switches, variables, attributes, keys, functions, types, classes, namespaces, methods, modules, properties, parameters, values, objects, events, event handlers, XMLtags, HTMLtags, the contents of files, or the output from commands.

Constant width bold

Shows commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user. Also used for emphasis in code samples.

Constant width italic

Shows text that should be replaced with user-supplied values.

[…]

Indicates a reference to the bibliography.

Tip

This icon signifies a tip, suggestion, or general note.

Warning

This icon indicates a warning or caution.