Index

Note: Works by Karl Polanyi (KP) appear under their title.

• • Absolute Mind philosophy    90
  • • see also Totalitarianism
• • absolute monarchy    187–91
  • Adams, H.    257
  • administered economy    42–5, 48, 51–2
  • agriculture
  • • economistic fallacy    266
    • monarchy–democracy change    188, 190
    • workers    118–21
• • alienation    17–18, 30, 38–40
  • anthropology
  • • Klages    95, 98–9, 101
    • Marx    149–50
    • primitive society    202–3, 246–7, 292–8
• • anti-individualism    83–7, 89–90, 93–4, 102–3, 105
  • appeasement    215–21
  • appropriational movements    286, 287–8
  • aristocracy    188, 189, 190
  • Aristotle    285–6
  • atheist individualism    87–90
  • Atlantic Charter    224, 236, 239
  • Austria
  • • corporativism    136, 141, 142
    • fascism    82
    • KP's life in    3, 4–8
    • see also Red Vienna

• • Bachofen, J. J.    95, 97
  • Banaro people    293, 294–5
  • banks    72–3, 74, 75–6, 79–80
  • barter    297
  • Bauer, O.    5, 6, 50
  • Being    36–9
  • Bennington College    10
  • Bentham, J.    113, 271
  • Boas, F.    292, 294
  • Body-Soul theory    90, 95, 97, 100–1
  • Bolshevism    84, 85–6
  • • see also Russia
• • bondholders    68–9, 70, 75, 78
  • bourgeois society
  • • freedom    19–27
    • Ought and Being    37
• • Bradley, A. C.    302, 303, 310
  • Bretton Woods    227–30
  • Britain
  • • class    9, 193–4, 239–40
    • democracy    187, 188–9, 190–1, 192–4, 195–6
    • foreign policy pre-2WW    215–21
    • KP's life in    3, 7–8, 9–10
    • labour market origins    117–22, 203–4
    • market economy origins    112–16
    • obsolete market mentality    210
    • post-1WW economic crisis    69, 72–3, 74–6, 77, 78, 79–80
    • post-1WW politics–economy chasm    62, 64, 65
    • post-2WW international order    10–11
    • • Labour and the New Deal    10, 226–30
      • regionalism    231–2, 233, 237–40
      • Russia    215–21, 225, 229–30, 239–40
  • • Speenhamland system    119–21
• • ‘British Labour and American New Dealers’ (KP)    10, 226–30
  • Burke, E.    112–13, 115
  • business leaders    63–5

• • Calvinism    21
  • Capital    148, 159, 161–3
  • capital exports    76, 78, 80
  • capitalist market system    1–2, 7, 8–9, 11–12
  • • birth    112–16
    • Christian and Marxian views    145–53, 157–64
    • democracy
    • • incompatibility with see democracy, incompatibility with capitalism
      • meanings of    188, 190, 195
  • • double movement    8, 109–10
    • economic determinism    205–8, 209–10, 243–50
    • economistic fallacy    263–74, 276–7
    • embeddedness    206, 247–50, 290–8
    • ‘Essence of Fascism’    84, 85, 87, 92–4, 98–101, 103, 105–7
    • ‘Fascism and Marxism’    8–9, 126–7, 128–30, 134
    • ‘The Fascist Virus’    8, 108–22
    • framework of change    253–62
    • freedom    16–28, 37–8, 39
    • global crisis see Great Depression
    • ‘Marx on Corporativism’    135–7, 140, 141–3
    • New Deal    10, 226–30
    • obsolete market mentality    1–2, 197–211, 254
    • post-2WW international order    227, 231–40
    • socialist accounting    51–8
    • society and see society–capitalism conflict
    • two meanings of economic    275–89
• • Cartwright, J.    113–14
  • categorical imperative    20–2
  • centrally administered economy    42–9, 51–2, 53–4
  • Chamberlain, N.    215, 217–18, 219, 221
  • chance    185
  • change framework    253–5
  • • development discontinuities    260–2
    • machine age    255–9
    • trade–money–markets    259–60
• • Chartists    114, 115
  • Chateaubriand, F.-R. de    316
  • China
  • • post-2WW international order    224
    • pre-2WW British policy    219
• • choice    279–82
  • ‘The Christian Criticism of our Social Order’ (KP)    9
  • Christianity and the Christian Church    9
  • • community–society relation    144–53, 154–64
    • ‘Essence of Fascism’    81–3, 86, 87–90, 94–7, 100–4, 107
    • freedom in Calvinism    21
    • machine age    257
    • Marxist thought    9, 144–53, 157–64
    • post-1WW economy–politics chasm    65
• • ‘Christianity and Economic Life’ (KP)    9, 154–64
  • Christianity and Social Revolution (Lewis, Kitchin and KP)    9
  • • ‘Essence of Fascism’    81–107
• • Christian Left Group    163–4
  • Churchill, W.    216–17, 221, 226–8
  • Church, the see Christianity and the Christian Church
  • civil rights    65
  • civil war    188, 189, 190, 191
  • class
  • • Britain    9, 193–4, 239–40
    • capitalism–democracy incompatibility    7, 108–22
    • capitalism–society conflict    7, 8, 109–10, 117, 248
    • Christian and Marxian views    148–9, 151–2
    • economistic fallacy    269
    • ‘Fascism and Marxism’    126–7, 128–9, 130–4
    • fascist corporativism    142
    • ‘The Fascist Virus’    8, 108–22
    • market mentality    206
    • monarchy–democracy change    188, 189, 190
    • Ought and Being in Marx    37
• • class war    130, 131–3, 151
  • Cole, G. D. H.    10, 141
  • collectivism    53–5
  • Columbia University    10, 11
  • combination of goods    288
  • commodities
  • • economistic fallacy    267, 268
    • fetish character    147–8, 160–1
    • illusion of motives    245, 248
    • labour as    116–17, 146, 199–200, 248, 267, 268
    • • see also labour market
  • • land as    199–200, 267, 268
• • ‘Common Man's Masterplan’ (KP)    177–86
  • Commonwealth, British    233, 237
  • Communist Parties    218, 220–1, 223
  • communist Russia see Russia
  • community
  • • society and    144–53, 154–64, 291–2
    • Vitalism    96–7
• • ‘Community and Society: The Christian Criticism of our Social Order’ (KP)    9, 144–53
  • Condliffe, J. B.    321
  • consciousness    38–9, 90–9, 100–1, 107, 150, 163–4
  • constitutional systems
  • • functional socialism    53–7
    • Hegel's ideas    137–9, 142
• • consumer cooperatives    5, 6
  • • organization    34
    • overview problem    45, 47–8, 50
• • consumption
  • • administered economy    43–4
    • post-1WW economic crisis    69, 70, 72, 78, 79
• • contractus    206, 248, 291–2
  • Corporative State    105–7
  • corporativism    135–43
  • craft gilds see gilds (guilds)
  • credit mechanisms    72–3, 74–5, 76–80
  • Crossman, R.    324–5
  • crypto-inflation    79
  • culture
  • • British national    193–4
    • popular    167–9, 174–6
• • currency stabilization    71, 74–6, 78–80

• • debt
  • • post-1WW international    72–3, 74–5, 76–80
    • post-2WW British    227–30
• • democracy    4–5
  • • common man's rationality    177–86
    • ‘Essence of Fascism’    85, 86, 87, 103, 104–7
    • ‘Fascism and Marxism’    8, 126–30, 134
    • fascist corporativism    136–43
    • functional    6, 8, 34–5, 50, 127–8, 134
    • incompatibility with capitalism    7, 8–9
    • • ‘Essence of Fascism’    87, 105–7
      • ‘Fascism and Marxism’    126–7, 128–30, 134
      • ‘The Fascist Virus’    108–22
      • ‘Marx on Corporativism’    143
  • • international meanings    187–96
    • a matter of education    184
    • post-1WW economic crisis    69
    • post-1WW economy–politics chasm    7, 61–5
    • post-2WW    10–11, 226–30
    • Rousseau    167–76
• • depression, world economic see Great Depression
  • development discontinuities    260–2
  • divine right    187–91
  • Dostoevsky, F.    88, 111
  • double movement    8, 109–11
  • • see also society–capitalism conflict
• • Dowden, E.    302–3
  • Drucker, P. F.    10
  • Duczynska, I. (KP's wife)    5

• • Eastern Europe    221, 223, 225, 234–6
  • Eckehart, Meister    100
  • economic, two meanings of    275–89
  • • choice    279–82
    • formal defined    275–7
    • • see also scarcity below
  • • insufficiency    280, 281–2, 283
    • neoclassical theory    277–9
    • scarcity    275, 276, 280–6
    • substantive meaning    275–7, 280, 282, 286–9
• • Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts (Marx)    9
  • economics
  • • capitalist see capitalist market system
    • deficits    72–3, 74, 80
    • determinism    205–8, 209–10, 243–50
    • economistic fallacy    263–74, 276–7
    • embeddedness    206, 247–50, 290–8
    • fascist corporativism    137, 138–9, 140, 142–3
    • framework of change    253–62
    • global crisis see Great Depression
    • illusion of motives    245–50
    • meanings of ‘economic’    275–89
    • post-1WW chasm with politics    7, 61–5
    • primitive society    202–3, 204, 246–7, 269, 292–8
    • rationalism    270–2
    • regionalism    231–40
    • socialist see Marx, K. and Marxian thought; socialism
    • society conflict see society–capitalism conflict
    • solipsism    272–4
• • ‘The Economistic Fallacy’ (KP)    263–74
  • ‘Economy and Democracy’ (KP)    7, 61–5
  • ‘The Economy Embedded in Society’ (KP)    290–8
  • education
  • • the common man    179, 184
    • economic and political    63–5
    • of the poor    113, 121
• • embeddedness    206, 247–50, 290–8
  • empires, peacefulness    180–1
  • employers, labour market    117–21
  • enfranchisement see universal suffrage
  • Engels, F.    15–16
  • England see Britain
  • enmity principle    96
  • environment    156–7
  • equality
  • • monarchy–democracy change    189, 191, 193
    • Rousseau's democracy    167, 168, 175–6
• • ‘Essence of Fascism’ (KP)    7, 9, 81–107
  • ethics
  • • Christian social philosophy    154, 155, 157
    • ‘Essence of Fascism’    86, 95, 96
    • freedom    19–28, 34–6, 172
    • see also moral development
• • Ethiopia    219
  • Europe To-day (KP)    9–10
  • Evola, J.    85
  • experts    183–4, 186

• • famine see hunger
  • fascism    7–9
  • • British policy pre-2WW    215–21
    • capitalism–democracy incompatibility    7
    • • ‘Essence of Fascism’    87, 105–7
      • ‘The Fascist Virus’    108–22
      • Marxism    126–7, 128–30, 134
  • • capitalism–society conflict    8–9, 109–10, 117, 134
    • Christianity    81–3, 86, 87–90, 94–7, 100–4, 107
    • common man's masterplan    178, 179–80
    • corporativism    135–43
    • Marxism and    8–9, 125–34, 135–43
    • philosophy    7, 9, 83–104
    • post-1WW economy–politics chasm    7, 61–5
    • sociology    104–7
• • ‘Fascism and Marxism’ (KP)    8–9, 125–34
  • ‘The Fascist Virus’ (KP)    8, 108–22
  • Feder, G.    85, 103
  • fetishisation    147–8, 160–1, 162
  • feudalism    136–7, 291
  • fictitious commodities    116–17, 199–200, 248, 267, 268
  • First World War (1WW)    4–5
  • • British foreign policy after    216–21
    • common man's view after    177–8, 180
    • corporativism    141
    • economic crisis after    66–80, 232
    • economy–politics chasm after    61–5
    • KP's experience    301–2
    • Malinowski's experience    292–3
• • forecasts, political    185–6
  • foreign economy
  • • post-1WW borrowing    72–3, 74–80
    • post-2WW    10–11, 226–30, 231–40
• • formal economics    275–86
  • Fourier, C.    257
  • Four Power Pact    216–21
  • France
  • • British policy pre-2WW    216, 217, 218, 221
    • democracy    187, 189, 190–1, 192–4
    • policy on Russia    224
    • post-1WW economic crisis    72–3, 74–5, 79, 80
• • freedom    3–4, 6, 15–36
  • • Christian Left Group    163–4
    • economic determinism    209–10, 250
    • economic solipsism    273–4
    • Marxian thought    6, 16–19, 30–1, 37–8
    • monarchy–democracy change    187–91, 193
    • obsolete market mentality    208–10
    • Rousseau    21–2, 167–76
• • Fulton Speech (Churchill)    226–8
  • functional democracy    6, 8, 34–5, 50, 127–8, 134
  • ‘Functionalist Theory of Society and the Problem of Socialist Economic Accounting’ (KP)    6, 51–8
  • functional socialism    6, 51–8, 128, 129

• • Galilei Circle    4
  • Germany
  • • British policy pre-2WW    215–21
    • common man's masterplan    178, 179–80
    • ‘Essence of Fascism’    81–2, 83, 85–6, 93–4, 97, 98–107
    • fascism and Marxism    125–6
    • fascist corporativism    135–43
    • post-1WW economic crisis    73, 74–5
    • post-1WW politics–economy chasm    62–3, 64–5
    • post-2WW Russian policy    234
    • 2WW Russia    222–4
• • gifts    293–4, 295, 296–7
  • gilds (guilds)    135, 136–7, 138–40, 141–3
  • • gild socialism    5, 6, 34–5, 52, 53, 57, 141
• • global economic crisis see Great Depression
  • Gogarten, F.    86
  • gold flows    78, 79, 80
  • gold standard    71, 74–6, 78, 80, 232, 236–9
  • Great Depression    7, 8
  • • ‘Essence of Fascism’    105
    • ‘The Fascist Virus’    8, 110–11
    • mechanism    7, 66–80, 232
    • • costs of war    67–8, 70, 73
      • credit    72–3, 74–5, 76–80
      • geography    73–5
      • interventions postponing    70–3
      • revaluation of sterling    75–6, 78
      • triggers    79–80
  • • post-1WW economy–politics chasm    7, 61–5
    • regionalism    233
• • The Great Transformation (KP)    1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 10
  • guilds    135, 136–7, 138–40, 141–3
  • guild socialism    5, 6, 34–5, 52, 53, 57, 141

• • ‘Hamlet’ (KP)    301–13
  • hardships, labour    42–3, 44, 45
  • Hayek, F. A.    6, 279
  • Hegel, G. W. F.    90, 92–4, 130, 135, 136, 137–43
  • Heimann, E.    52
  • Henderson, N.    218
  • Hitler, A.    7
  • • common man's rationality    180
    • ‘Essence of Fascism’    85, 103–4, 105, 106
    • pre-2WW British policy    215, 216, 217, 221
    • treaty with Stalin    222–3
• • Hoare, S.    217, 219
  • Hobbes, T.    283–4
  • Hungary, KP's life in    3, 4–5
  • hunger
  • • democracy–capitalism incompatibility    114, 118–22
    • economic determinism    246–7, 248–9
    • economistic fallacy    268, 269
    • obsolete market mentality    200–4, 205, 206–7

• • ideals
  • • freedom    25–6, 35, 37–8
    • Hegel's method    130, 131, 138
    • market mentality    205, 207, 249
• • immigration, post-1WW    76–7
  • imperialism    180–1, 237–8
  • incentives see motives
  • income
  • • Capital    161–2
    • common man's rationality    182–3
    • illusion of motives    245, 246–7, 248
    • obsolete market mentality    199–200, 201, 203, 205
    • post-1WW economic crisis    70, 71–2
    • Speenhamland system    119–21
• • individualism    83–90, 93–4, 97, 102–3, 105
  • individualistic society    167, 168–74
  • industry
  • • corporativism    135–43
    • industrial civilization    4, 243–4
    • machine–man compromise    258–9
    • overview problem    45, 47, 48–50
    • post-1WW production    68
    • post-1WW subsidies    62–3
    • post-2WW market mentality    197–211
    • see also production
• • inflation    79, 80
  • insufficiency    280, 281–2, 283
  • international credit, post-1WW    72–3, 74–5, 76–80
  • international gold standard see gold standard
  • Internationalism    103
  • international order, post-2WW    10–11
  • • Labour and the New Deal    10, 226–30
    • meanings of democracy    187–96
    • regionalism    10–11, 231–40
    • ‘Why Make Russia Run Amok?’    215–25
• • Italy
  • • British foreign policy pre-2WW    216, 221
    • ‘Essence of Fascism’    81, 82, 85, 105
    • fascist corporativism    135–6, 141, 142

• • Japan
  • • post-2WW international order    224
    • pre-2WW British policy    219
• • Jászi, Oszkar    4
  • ‘Jean-Jacques Rousseau, or Is a Free Society Possible?’ (KP)    167–76
  • Jefferson, T.    115–16
  • Jewish society    154–5, 156
  • justice
  • • economic solipsism    273–4
    • freedom    19, 37

• • Kant, I.    20–2
  • Keynes, J. M.    228
  • Kierkegaard, S.    88
  • kinship systems    294–5, 297
  • Kitchin, D. K.    9
  • Klages, L.    90, 92, 94–7, 100–1
  • knowledge
  • • social    31–2, 33
• • ‘Korporation’ see gilds
  • Krieck, E.    85, 322
  • Kula trade    269, 293–4
  • Kwakiutl people    204, 269, 293–4

• • labour
  • • Christian and Marxian views    159, 161–3
    • as commodity    116–17, 146, 199–200, 248, 267, 268
    • • see also labour market
  • • economistic fallacy    266, 267, 268
    • freedom    16–27, 29–30, 32–5
    • overview problem    32–5, 42–3, 44, 45, 46–50
    • substantive economics    287, 288
• • labour market    114, 116–22, 199–200, 203–5
  • labour movement    5–6, 7
  • • fascism    81
    • New Deal and    228–9
    • overview problem    45, 46–50
• • labour parties
  • • New Deal and    10, 226–30
    • overview problem    46, 50
• • land (nature)
  • • democracy–capitalism incompatibility    109
    • economic process    150–1, 158–9, 160, 161
    • economistic fallacy    266, 267, 268
    • market mentality    199–200, 204
    • primitive society    294
• • Landshut, S.    9, 140
  • law
  • • economic solipsism    273–4
    • freedom    28, 30–1, 34–5, 39, 168–9, 170–2
    • labour market    117
    • positive socialist economics    52
• • leadership
  • • business leaders’ education    63–5
    • ‘Fascism and Marxism’    133–4
    • overview problem    44–5, 46, 47–50
• • Leigh, R. D.    10
  • Lewis, J.    9
  • liberal capitalism see capitalist market system
  • liberty see freedom
  • The Livelihood of Man (KP)    11, 251–3
  • • change framework    253–62
    • ‘The Economistic Fallacy’    263–74
    • ‘The Economy Embedded in Society’    290–8
    • ‘The Two Meanings of Economic’    275–89
• • living standards
  • • common man's rationality    182–3
    • post-1WW economic crisis    69, 76–8, 80
• • Lloyd-George, D.    69, 73
  • loans
  • • post-1WW    72–3, 74–80
    • post-2WW    227–30
• • locational movement    286, 287, 288
  • London, J.    111
  • London, KP's life in    7–8

• • Macaulay, T. B.    108, 115–16
  • MacDonald, R.    216, 217
  • machine age    255–9
  • • economic determinism    243–5
    • obsolete market mentality    197–211
• • machine production    16–17, 132, 148–9, 159, 161–2, 163
  • MacIver, R.    10
  • Maine, H. S.    291–2
  • Malaparte, C.    85
  • Malinowski, B.    202, 203, 246, 247, 292–7
  • Malthus, T.    113, 114
  • Manchuria    219
  • Mansfield, Lord    117
  • market, the
  • • economic determinism    247, 248
    • economistic fallacy    263–74, 276–7
    • obsolete mentality    1–2, 197–211, 254
    • trade–money–market relation    259–60
    • two meanings of economic    284
    • see also capitalist market system; labour market
• • Martineau, H.    113
  • ‘Marx on Corporativism’    135–43
  • Marx, K. and Marxian thought
  • • alienation    38–40
    • Christianity and    9, 144–53, 157–64
    • fascism and
    • • corporativism    135–43
      • KP's ‘Essence of Fascism’    84, 85, 93, 97
      • KP's restatement    8–9, 125–34
  • • freedom    6, 16–19, 30–1, 37–8
    • on Hegel    135, 136, 137–43
    • Hegel in    130
    • market mentality    198
    • Ought and Being    36–8
• • material–ideal relation    248–9
  • ‘The Meaning of Parliamentary Democracy (KP)    187–96
  • ‘The Mechanism of the World Economic Crisis’ (KP)    7, 66–80
  • Menger, C.    277–9, 288
  • Meyer, J. R.    9, 140
  • Mill, J. S.    172
  • Mind    91–4, 95, 98, 101
  • Mises, L. von    6, 53–7, 271
  • monarchy    187–91
  • money    259–60
  • moral development, market limits    147
  • • see also ethics
• • moral freedom see ethics; freedom
  • motives    201–3, 204–5, 206–8, 245–50, 268–9, 293, 294–5
  • Mussolini, B.    85, 105, 106, 141, 216
  • Mysticism    98, 99–100
  • Mythus    100, 102, 103–4

• • Napoleonic Wars    193
  • nationalism    98–9, 102–3, 235–6
  • National Socialism    81, 82, 83, 85, 97, 99–104, 125–6
  • nature (land)
  • • democracy–capitalism incompatibility    109
    • economic process    150–1, 158–9, 160, 161
    • economistic fallacy    266, 267, 268
    • market mentality    199–200, 204
• • needs
  • • freedom    29–30, 32–3
    • meanings of ‘economic’    284, 285–6
    • overview problem    32–3, 42–4, 45, 47–9
• • neoclassical economics    277–80
  • New Deal, Labour Party and    10, 226–30
  • ‘New Reflections Concerning our Theory and Practice’ (KP)    6, 41–50
  • Nietzsche, F.    88, 90, 92, 94–7, 100

• • objectifications    28–31, 32–5, 38–40, 93
  • ‘On Belief in Economic Determinism’ (KP)    243–50
  • ‘On Freedom’ (KP)    6, 15–40
  • organization
  • • functional socialism    51–7
    • overview problem    33–5, 44–50
    • primitive society    295, 297–8
• • Der Österreichische Volkswirt    7–8
  • • ‘Economy and Democracy’    7, 61–5
    • ‘The Mechanism of the World Economic Crisis’    7, 66–80
• • Ought, Being and    36–8
  • ‘Our Obsolete Market Mentality: Civilization Must Find a New Thought Pattern’ (KP)    197–211
  • overview problem (Übersichtsproblem)    6, 32–5, 41–50
  • Owen, R.    113, 207, 256–7
  • ownership see production, ownership of means of; property ownership

• • parliamentary democracy    187–96
  • peace
  • • British appeasement policy    215–21
    • common man's masterplan    180–1, 183
    • Russian policy    222–3, 234–5
• • peasants
  • • monarchy–democracy change    188, 190
    • post-1WW economic crisis    68, 69, 70, 71, 78
• • Peel, R.    114
  • personality
  • • effects of alienation    39
    • freedom    20–4, 25–6
    • individualism    85–6, 88–9
• • personal responsibility see responsibility
  • Polanyi, K. (KP)
  • • influence    1–3
    • life    3–12, 301–2
• • polis    168, 169, 285–6
  • political enfranchisement see universal suffrage
  • political parties
  • • Communist    218, 220–1, 223
    • monarchy–democracy change    189
    • overview problem    46
    • Russian democracy    194–5
• • politics    4–7
  • • economics and
    • • economistic fallacy    271–4
      • fascist corporativism    137, 138–9, 140, 142–3
      • post-1WW chasm between    7, 61–5
  • • enmity theory    96
    • forecasts    185–6
    • post-2WW international order    10–11
    • • Labour and the New Deal    10, 226–30
      • regionalism    10–11, 231–40
      • ‘Why Make Russia Run Amok?’    215–25
  • • see also democracy; fascism
• • poor relief    113, 114, 117, 118, 119–21, 203–4
  • popular culture    167–9, 174–6
  • population economics    113, 114
  • positive socialist economics    51, 52–3
  • The Possessed (Dostoevsky)    88
  • poverty
  • • Christian and Marxian views    149
    • democracy–capitalism incompatibility    112–16, 117–22
    • monarchy–democracy change    188, 190
• • power
  • • fascism and Marxism    128–9
    • freedom    24–5
    • functional socialism    54–6
    • inherence in society    152, 163–4
    • monarchy–democracy change    187–91
    • obsolete market mentality    208–9
    • parliamentary democracy    188
• • prices
  • • Christian and Marxian views    146, 147, 160–1
    • economistic fallacy    264–5, 267
    • freedom    17–18, 30–1, 34, 38, 39
    • functional socialism    57
    • illusion of motives    248
    • market trauma    199–200
• • primitive society    202–3, 204, 246–7, 269, 292–8
  • Prinzhorn, H.    96–7
  • production
  • • functional socialism    53–8
    • motives    201–3, 204–5, 206–8, 245–50, 268–9, 294
    • overview problem    32–5
    • ownership of means of
    • • Christian and Marxian views    146, 148–9, 150, 151–2, 158–63
      • fascism and Marxism    131–2
      • freedom    17–18, 26–7, 30
      • sociology of fascism    105–7
  • • post-1WW levels    68
    • substantive economics    286, 287, 288
• • production associations    53–8
  • proletarian, the    19–21
  • property law    30–1
  • property ownership
  • • appropriational movement    286, 287–8
    • ‘Fascism and Marxism’    126–7, 128–9, 130, 131–2
    • ‘The Fascist Virus’    108–11, 114–15, 118–19, 122
    • primitive society    294
    • see also production, ownership of means of
• • protectionism    62–3, 64, 65, 77
  • pseudo-Mysticism    99–100

• • Quesnay, F.    265–6

• • race    98–9, 101–3
  • Randall, H. E.    115–16
  • rationalism, economic    270–2
  • rationality
  • • common man's    177–86
    • fascist philosophy    99–100
• • reciprocity    295
  • Red Vienna    5–7
  • • ‘Functionalist Theory of Society and the Problem of Socialist Economic Accounting’    6, 51–8
    • ‘New Reflections Concerning our Theory and Practice’    6, 41–50
    • ‘On Freedom’    6, 15–40
• • regional planning    231–40
  • reifications    30–1, 34–5
  • religion
  • • Christianity see Christianity and the Christian Church    
    • Mysticism    99–100
• • rentiers (bondholders)    68–9, 70, 75, 78
  • reparations    73–4
  • responsibility
  • • fascism    106–7
    • freedom    6, 19, 20–8, 30–1, 34–5
• • revolutions
  • • fascism and Marxism    125–6
    • meaning of democracy    187–91, 192, 193, 194–5
    • popular culture    175
    • post-1WW economic crisis    68, 69
    • post-2WW international order    218–19, 220–1, 222–5, 234–5
• • Ricardo, D.    113, 114
  • risk    185
  • Rockefeller Foundation    10
  • Rosenberg, A.    85, 100–4
  • Rousseau, J.-J.    21–2, 167–76
  • royal absolutism    187–91, 192
  • rural society    118–21, 188, 190, 266
  • Russell, J.    114–15
  • Russia
  • • British policy pre-2WW    215–21
    • ‘Essence of Fascism’    82–3, 84, 85–6, 104, 106
    • meaning of democracy    192, 194–6
    • post-1WW economic crisis    73
    • post-2WW    215–25, 229–30
    • • regionalism    11, 231–2, 233, 234–6, 238–40
  • • revolution    190–2, 194–5, 218–19, 220–1, 222–5, 234–5
    • withering State    208

• • scarcity    275, 276, 280–6
  • Schmitt, K.    96
  • Second World War (2WW)
  • • British foreign policy before    215–21
    • post-war order    10–11
    • • common man's masterplan    177–86
      • Labour and the New Deal    10, 226–30
      • market mentality    197–211
      • meanings of democracy    195–6
      • regionalism    10–11, 231–40
      • Russia    215–25
• • self-regulating market system    11–12, 199–200, 268, 290–1
  • sex    206–7
  • Shakespeare, W.    301–13
  • Simon, J.    216, 219, 221
  • Sinews of Peace (Fulton) Speech    226–8
  • Smith, A.    113–14, 257, 265–6
  • social anthropology see anthropology
  • social class see class
  • social contract    21–2, 168, 172–3
  • social freedom see freedom
  • socialism    5–6
  • • ‘Essence of Fascism’    81, 82–3, 84–90, 97–8, 104–7
    • ‘Fascism and Marxism’    8–9, 127–8, 133, 134
    • freedom    15–40
    • functional    6, 51–8, 128, 129
    • guild    5, 6, 34–5, 52, 53, 57, 141
    • machine age    257
    • overview problem    6, 32–5, 41–50
    • post-2WW international order
    • • Labour and the New Deal    10, 226–30
      • policy on Russia    215–25
      • regionalism    232, 233, 234–6
  • • Russian democracy    194–5
    • socialist economy defined    52
    • see also Marx, K. and Marxian thought
• • socialist accounting    6, 51–8
  • socialist municipalities    45, 48, 49–50
  • social revolution see revolutions
  • society
  • • common man's masterplan    179
    • community and    144–53, 154–64, 291–2
    • conflict with market system see society–capitalism conflict
    • ‘Essence of Fascism’    84–5, 87–94, 104–7
    • ‘Fascism and Marxism’    8–9, 127, 129, 130–4
    • freedom    18–24, 31–6, 167–76
    • functionalist theory    51–8
    • inhumanity of modern    3–4
    • obsolete market mentality    1–2, 197–211, 254
    • post-1WW economic crisis    68–71, 232
• • society–capitalism conflict    2, 7, 11–12
  • • double movement    8, 109–10
    • economic determinism    205–8, 209–10, 243–50
    • economic embeddedness    206, 247–50, 290–8
    • economistic fallacy    263–74, 276–7
    • ‘Fascism and Marxism’    8–9, 134
    • ‘The Fascist Virus’    8, 109–10, 117
    • framework of change    253–62
    • ‘Marx on Corporativism’    140, 141, 142–3
    • obsolete market mentality    1–2, 199–200, 201–3, 205–6, 207–11, 254
    • regionalism    233
    • two meanings of economic    275–89
• • solipsism, economic    272–4
  • “Soul”    91, 98, 101
  • • Body–Soul theory    90, 95, 97, 100–1
• • Soviet Union    233, 234–6, 238–40
  • Spain    219–21
  • Spann, O.
  • • ‘Essence of Fascism’    83–4, 86, 87–9, 90, 92–4, 97, 102–3
    • ‘Marx on Corporativism’    141
• • Speenhamland system    119–21
  • Stalin, J.    222–3, 224, 234
  • Stapel, W.    322
  • starvation see hunger
  • state, the
  • • economic solipsism    273–4
    • ‘Essence of Fascism’    84–5, 93–4, 96, 105, 106–7
    • freedom    18, 20–2, 24–5, 27–8, 35, 39
    • Marx on Hegel    135, 136, 137–43
    • obsolete market mentality    208, 209–10
    • post-1WW interventions    62–4
    • Rousseau's democracy    169
• • statistics    44
  • status    206, 248, 291–2
  • Statute of Artificers (1563)    117
  • subsidies    62–3
  • substantive economics    275–7, 280, 282, 286–9
  • suffrage see universal suffrage
  • surplus    266
  • survival principle    168, 169–70, 174
  • syndicalism    53–5

• • Tawney, R.    9
  • technology see industry; machine age
  • Thurnwald, R.    202, 203, 246, 247, 292, 293, 294–5
  • Tönnies, F.    291–2
  • Totalitarianism    90–4, 97–9, 100, 102–3
  • totalitarian society    167, 168–9, 173
  • Townsend, J.    118
  • trade
  • • economistic fallacy    264–5
    • free enterprise    172
    • market mentality    204
    • meanings of democracy    195
    • money and markets and    259–60
    • post-1WW    62–3, 64, 65, 76–7
    • post-2WW    227, 228–30, 237–9
    • primitive society    269, 293–4, 297
    • protectionism    62–3, 64, 65, 77
• • Trade and Market in the Early Empires (KP)    11
  • trade unions    5–6
  • • New Deal    228–9
    • overview problem    45, 46–7, 48
• • trading classes    188
  • Trobriand economy    269, 292–4, 296–8
  • Trotskyites    220–1, 222, 234
  • Turkey    219, 224
  • ‘The Two Meanings of Economic’ (KP)    275–89

• • Übersichtsproblem (overview problem)    6, 32–5, 41–50
  • ‘Universal Capitalism or Regional Planning?’ (KP)    231–40
  • Universalism    84, 102–4
  • • see also Totalitarianism
• • universal suffrage
  • • democracy–capitalism incompatibility    87, 109–22
    • monarchy–democracy change    188, 189
• • USA
  • • KP's life in    3, 9, 10–11
    • Labour and the New Deal    10, 226–30
    • market system–democracy conflict    112–13, 115–16
    • meaning of democracy    187, 189, 190–1, 192, 195
    • obsolete market mentality    210–11
    • post-1WW economic crisis    72–3, 74–80
    • post-2WW international order
    • • regionalism    231–3, 237, 238–9
      • Russia policy    215–17, 222–5

• • value
  • • commodities    160–1
    • inherence in society    152
    • obsolete market mentality    208–9
• • Vienna, KP's life in    4–8
  • • see also Red Vienna
• • Vitalism    90–1, 94–9, 100–2
  • volitions    28–9, 39
  • • see also will, the

• • wage system    113–14, 115–16, 117–22
  • • see also income
• • war
  • • First and Second World Wars see First World War; Second World War
    • Franco-British    192–4
• • wealth creation    161–2
  • Weber, M.    287
  • Weil, F.    6, 57–8, 317
  • Wells, H. G.    111
  • Whitman, W.    292
  • ‘Why Make Russia Run Amok?’ (KP)    215–25
  • Will of All    170–1
  • Will, General    170–1, 172
  • will, the
  • • ‘Essence of Fascism’    95–6, 106–7
    • freedom    16–19, 28–9, 169–73
    • Ought and Being in Marx    37–8
    • positive socialist economics    52–3
• • workers    5–6, 9–10
  • • Christian and Marxian views    148–9, 151–2, 159, 161–2
    • democracy–capitalism incompatibility    108–22
    • ‘Fascism and Marxism’    126–7, 130–4
    • ‘The Fascist Virus’    8, 109–10, 117
    • meaning of democracy    188, 189, 190, 193–4
    • Ought and Being in Marx    37
    • post-1WW economic crisis    68, 69, 70, 71, 78
    • post-1WW economy–politics chasm    63, 65
    • see also labour
• • Worker's Education Association (WEA)    9
  • working-class movement see labour movement
  • world economic crisis see Great Depression
  • World War I see First World War
  • World War II see Second World War

• • Young, A.    114