Academics, 41, 84, 93, 117, 147–48, 158
Aelianus, Claudius, 241
Aelius Stilo, 117
Aeschines (Attic orator), 64–65, 75–80, 98, 157, 230, 245
Aeschines of Miletus, 96
Aeschylus (tragic poet), 14–15, 17, 26
Aeschylus of Cnidus, 96
Alexander (son of Numenius), 224, 229
Alexander the Great, 53, 68, 76, 81, 169
Alexandria, Library and Museum of, 82, 91, 237
allegorical interpretation, 160, 186n, 222, 240, 245, 257, 260, 265, 268, 279
ambassadors’ speeches, 18, 75, 81, 105–6, 108, 111, 230
analogy and anomaly, 91, 152–57
Anaximenes of Lampsacus. See Rhetoric for Alexander
Andronicus of Rhodes, 63
Anonymous Seguerianus, 63, 224
Antioch, 248–49
Antiochus the Academic, 131
Antipater the Syrian, 241
Antiphon, 23–24, 35, 64–65, 163, 219, 230
antistrophe and antistrophos, 37, 47, 222
antithesis, 18, 20, 25–26, 86–87
Antoninus Pius, 182, 197, 201, 219, 240
Antonius, Marcus, 112–14, 117, 123, 141–44, 155
Apollodorus of Athens, 64, 70–71
Apollodorus of Pergamum, 160, 224
Apollonius (Molon) of Alabanda, 96, 106n, 131
Appius Claudius Caecus, 102
Arcesilaus, 93
archaism, 153, 174, 176, 198–200
argument, 24–25, 32, 58–59, 110, 175, 205–6. See also probability, argument from
Aristides, Aelius, 9, 49, 216, 239–41, 242n, 244
Aristides Rhetoric, 225
Aristotle, 51–63, 84, 86–89, 98, 141, 282;
Constitution of the Athenians, 17; Gryllus, 52–53, 55, 87–88; Nicomachean Ethics 55; On Rhetoric, 4, 6, 7, 10, 26, 29, 32, 33, 43, 50, 53–63, 97, 119, 123, 142–44, 163, 179, 217, 223–24, 226, 227, 235; On Sophistical Refutations, 18–19, 35; On the Poets, 18; Poetics, 56, 188; Sophist, 18; Synagoge Technon, 11, 32, 33–34, 48, 53, 68; Topics, 61
Arnobius, 264
arrangement, 5, 25, 45, 56, 59, 122, 196
Asianism, 95–96, 129, 160, 186, 189, 231
Asterius, 264
Athenasius, 264
Atticism, 64, 88, 96, 162–66, 186, 192, 198, 216, 231, 248, 255, 260
Augustine, Saint, 9, 98n, 265–70, 273, 277; On Christian Doctrine, 267–70
Augustus (Octavian), 147, 159, 167, 187
Ausonius, 273
Basil, Saint, 262–63
Brutus, Marcus, 147, 149, 151–55, 157
Caecilius of Calacte, 64, 160–61, 192, 228
Calvus, 153
canon of Attic orators, 65–66, 222, 231
Cato the Elder, 106–11, 155, 175, 187, 188, 199, 278
Cato the Younger, 137–38
Celsus, Cornelius, 174–75, 278
chairs of rhetoric, 177, 201, 230, 243–45, 248, 256
characters of style, 6, 89, 215
Charisias, 96
Choricius, 255–56
Christianity, 9, 93, 192, 222, 228, 230, 231–33, 242, 244–45, 250, 252–53, 257–70, 279–80
Cicero, 128–58, 167, 169, 173, 179, 183, 188, 193, 207, 268–69; Against Piso, 94n, 140; Brutus, 11, 48, 87–88, 95, 96, 102, 110, 111–15, 123, 131, 151–55; Catilinarians, 134–36; For Caelius, 139–40; For Cluentius, 132–33; For Ligarius, 150–51; For Marcellus, 150; For Milo, 147–49, 171, 183; For Murena, 136–38; For Roscius, 129–31; Hortensius, 266; On Invention, 34, 48, 49, 97–100, 117–21, 208, 217, 276–77, 279–80, 282; On the Manilian Law, 133–34; On the Orator, 8–9, 49, 63, 85, 93, 101, 103n, 113–16, 119, 131, 140–46, 155, 182, 202, 278; Orator, 85, 96, 134, 156–57, 269, 278; Partitiones Oratoriae, 93, 146–47; Topics, 157, 284; Verrines, 96, 131–32
Claudian, 273
Claudius Caesar, 173n
composition, 5, 125, 157, 165–66
Constantinople, “University” of, 254, 272
controversia. See declamation
Corax, 11, 18, 32–34, 42, 50, 219, 222
Crassus, Licinius, 114–17, 119, 127, 141–44, 155
Crates of Mallos, 91
Cremutius Cordus, 187–88
Critolaus, 88, 111 Curio, Scribonius, 111
declamation, 83–84, 101, 116, 159, 166–72, 173, 178, 185–86, 188–90, 209–15, 218, 230–32, 237–39, 242–51, 255, 271, 281
deliberative assemblies: Greek, 16; Roman, 104–6
deliberative rhetoric, 4, 58–59, 73–76, 81–82, 104–6, 108–10, 121, 133–36, 168–69, 185–86, 235, 250, 253
delivery, 6, 33, 56, 70, 80, 87, 92, 122–23, 182
Demetrius (author of On Style), 88–90, 159, 207, 279–80
Demetrius of Phaleron, 84, 87–88, 95
Demetrius the Syrian, 131
Demosthenes, 28, 61, 64–65, 68–80, 128–29, 154, 163–65, 184, 193, 194, 215–16, 219, 223, 237, 245, 248, 250, 271; On the Crown, 76–80, 157, 195
dialectic, 41, 52, 56, 87, 90, 93, 278–79, 283
diatribe, 92, 235, 241, 252, 255
Dio Chrysostom, 93, 233–37, 252–53
Diogenes Laertius, 17, 54, 85, 90
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, 35, 86, 95, 102, 159, 161–66, 183, 186, 188, 219, 271; Dionysius Rhetoric, 214, 225–26
Domitian, 9, 174, 179–82, 185, 192, 195, 234
ekphrasis, 206, 246–47, 255, 261, 263
emotions. See pathos
Emporius, 281
encomium, 20–21, 205, 207, 242n, 248, 252, 262, 281. See also epideictic rhetoric
encyclopedias, 111, 121, 175, 278–80
enthymeme, 45, 58–59, 106, 121, 212–14, 247
epicheireme, 121, 212–15, 227, 247, 261
Epicureans, 84, 93–95, 111, 140
epideictic rhetoric, 4, 20–22, 35, 58, 61–62, 94, 106, 121, 133, 150, 185, 195–96, 197–98, 200, 207, 209, 216, 218, 225–26, 227–28, 245–48; Christian epideictic, 260–63, 265, 273
epilogue, 5, 31, 40, 59, 224, 226
epistolography. See letter writing
ethos, 5, 48, 57, 59–60, 70, 72, 76, 103–4, 126, 130–31, 137–38, 139, 142, 164, 169, 224, 269–70
Eugenius, 273
Eunapius, 242–45
Euripides, 17, 25, 26, 112, 234
Eusebius of Caesarea, 261
figured problems, 184, 214–15, 226
figures of speech, 6, 18, 86–87, 89, 91–92, 126, 160–61, 175, 192, 214, 228–29, 274, 275
forcefulness, 74, 89, 95, 154, 216
Fortunatianus, 275–76
freedom of speech, 28, 55, 81, 141, 172, 174, 181, 187–88, 191, 192
funeral oratory, 21–22, 65, 205, 250, 255–56, 261–63, 272
Galba, Sulpicius, 111, 151, 155
Gaza, rhetorical school of, 255–56
Gellius, Aulus, 102, 108–10, 174, 199
genera dicendi, 86, 125. See also characters of style; grand style; middle style; plain style
George of Alexandria, 221
gesture. See delivery
Gorgias of Athens, 160
Gorgias of Leontini, 7–8, 12, 13, 17–21, 29, 30, 32, 35–39, 47, 48, 119, 163, 164, 219, 222, 230, 231
Gracchi, 112
grammar and grammarians, 26, 82–83, 91–92, 159, 166, 183, 201–7, 244, 274–75, 278
grand style, 6, 13, 26, 86, 89, 125, 269
Gregory of Nazianzus, 229, 261–64, 271
Gregory of Tours, 277
Grillius, 118
handbooks of rhetoric, 30–35, 46, 48–49, 59, 97, 118–27, 208–29, 267, 275–82
Harpocration, 225
Hegesias, 96
Hegesippus, 64
Hermagoras, 97–101, 120, 122, 167, 276
Hermeias, 224
Hermogenes and the Hermogenic Corpus, 95, 203, 207, 208–17, 219, 271, 281; On Ideas of Style, 215–17, 220, 223; On Invention, 211–15, 229; On Staseis, 208–11, 218, 220
Herodes Atticus, 238–39
Hierocles, 96
Himerius, 245–48
Hippocrates, 23
Homeric poems, 27, 165, 183, 216, 219, 234, 246, 250; Hymn to Hermes, 14; Iliad, 13–14, 26
Hortensius, 96, 117, 143, 151, 154
Hyperides, 64–65, 75, 153, 245
hypothesis. See thesis and hypothesis
“ideas” of style, 164, 223, 248
imitation, 41, 45, 125, 153, 163–64, 173, 176, 183, 193, 231, 269
invention, 4, 24–25, 44–45, 54, 56, 94–95, 117–21, 211–15, 267, 282–83
Isidore of Seville, 175, 274, 280
Isocrates, 12, 26, 28–30, 43–49, 50–51, 54, 64–65, 76, 120, 153, 154, 163, 164, 188, 196, 219, 230, 262; Against the Sophists, 6, 43–46, 61; Antidosis, 43, 46–48
John Chrysostom, 264
John Doxapatres, 221
John of Sardis, 272
judicial rhetoric, 4, 32, 58, 69–73, 82, 97–101, 104, 107–8, 120–21, 129–33, 148–49, 169–72, 185, 194–95, 199–200, 209
Julian the Apostate, 244–45, 248–49
Julius Caesar, 91n, 106, 133, 138, 139, 140, 147, 152
Julius Pollux, 241
Lactantius, 265
Laudatio Turiae, 106
legal procedure: Greek, 14–16, 101; Roman, 103–4, 131, 147–48, 170, 172, 191
letter writing, 49, 89–90, 96, 207–8, 274, 281
Libanius, 248–51
Licymnius, 31
literacy, 26–28, 282. See also writing
logos, 5, 11–12, 21, 30, 35, 43, 58, 142, 192, 218, 224
Longinus (author of On Sublimity) 77, 159, 191–92
Lycurgus, 64
Lysias, 22, 40, 64–68, 86, 153, 155, 162–63, 164, 250
Marcellinus, 220–23
Marcomannus, 276–79
Marcus Aurelius, 9, 182, 197–98, 240
Martianus Capella, 175, 273, 279
maxim, 59, 204. See also sententia
Maximus of Tyre, 241
Maximus Planudes, 221
Maximus the Confessor, 272
memory, 6, 93, 123–24, 184, 279–80
Menander Rhetor, 61, 207, 227–28, 263
Menedemus, 117
Menenius Agrippa, 102
Menocles, 96
metaphor, 18, 59–60, 86, 91, 126
middle style, 6, 13, 86, 89, 125, 134, 269
narration, 5, 13, 30, 40, 59, 204, 211, 224, 226
Naucrates, 98
Neoplatonism, 207, 209–10, 216–24, 240, 242, 248
New Testament: rhetoric in, 258–59
Nicocles, 224
Nicolaus, 207
Old Testament: rhetoric in, 257–58
Olympiodorus, 224
panegyric. See epideictic rhetoric
pathos, 5, 31, 57, 59, 77, 103, 112–13, 142, 164, 169, 184, 192, 224
Paul, Saint, 9, 258, 259, 269, 270
Pergamum, 84
Pericles, 13, 21–22, 69, 154, 241
periodic style, 27, 60, 126, 157, 214, 269
Peripatetics, 49, 62, 84–90, 121, 145, 157, 163
Persius, 189
Philip of Macedon, 53–54, 68, 73–76
Philo of Alexandria, 186–87, 260
Philo of Larissa, 117
philosophical opposition to rhetoric, 9, 28, 35–39, 88, 93–95, 240–41
Philostratus, 206, 230–32, 237–39
pistis. See proof
plain style, 6, 13, 26, 66, 86, 89, 125, 151, 269
Plato, 30–43, 51–52, 164–65, 200, 216, 218, 219, 240–41, 251; Apology, 7, 46, 199; Cratylus, 26; Gorgias, 7–8, 13, 35–39, 44, 88, 218, 221, 224, 241, 271; Menexenus, 64; Phaedrus, 7–8, 27, 30–35, 39–43, 142, 143, 221, 223, 224, 255, 262, 271; Protagoras, 17, 64; Republic, 36, 39, 41, 248; Symposium, 40, 64
Pliny the Elder, 175–76
Pliny the Younger, 174, 180, 185, 192–96, 233
Plutarch, 69, 71, 102, 110–11, 233, 234; spurious Lives of the Ten Orators, 64, 80
Polemon, 237–38
Pompey, 104, 133, 140, 147–49, 166
Porphyry, 218, 223, 227, 241, 242
Posidonius, 97
preaching, 92, 237, 257–64, 267–70, 274
Priscian, 281
probability, argument from, 14, 24–25, 30–32, 42, 67, 69, 106
Procopius of Gaza, 255–56
progymnasmata, 78n, 83–84, 202–7, 232, 248–50, 272, 281
Prohaeresius, 243–45
prolegomena, 34, 207, 217–23, 272
prooemium (exordium), 5, 14, 30, 40, 59, 100, 120, 175, 184, 211, 224, 226, 235–36
proof: as part of a speech, 5, 20–21, 40, 59, 120, 149, 212–14, 224, 226, 236. See also argument
prosop
poeia, 136, 139–40, 168, 202, 206, 236, 238, 251, 255–56
psychaggia, 42
public education, 201–2
Quintilian: life of, 177–80. Works: Education of the Orator, 6, 9, 48, 49, 50, 87, 91, 94, 97, 111, 118, 128–29, 149, 160, 163–64, 168, 169, 173–75, 177–86, 189–90, 192, 193, 201–2, 209, 217, 223, 229, 273, 278, 281; Major and Minor Declamations, 186, 273; On the Causes of Corrupted Eloquence, 189–90
Rabanus Maurus, 274
recitation, 193–96
refutation, 59, 100, 120, 148–49, 204
Rhetores Latini Minores, 275–82
Rhetoric for Alexander, 33, 49–51, 202
Rhetoric for Herennius, 6, 86, 97, 100, 118, 120, 121–27, 202, 208, 280
rhythm in prose, 25, 79n, 157, 216, 280–81
Rufinus of Antioch, 280–81
Rutilius Lupus, 160
Scaevola, Mucius, 114, 117, 142
schools of rhetoric, 28, 43–46, 81–84, 96, 97, 160, 166–72, 174–75, 178, 222–23, 242–51, 254–56, 266, 271–72. See also chairs of rhetoric
Scipio Africanus, 102
Second Sophistic, 49, 198, 200, 219, 226, 230–56
Seneca the Elder, 167–72, 187, 191
Seneca the Younger, 93, 173, 176–77, 198
sententia, 122, 169, 173, 196, 204
Socrates. See Plato
Sopatros, 218–20
sophists, 7–8, 17–21, 26, 37–38, 94, 230–56. See also Second Sophistic
stasis, 4, 97–101, 113, 120, 130, 148–49, 169–70, 175, 185, 195, 208–11, 218, 226, 244, 277–78, 280, 284
Stoics, 9, 90–93, 137–38, 152, 159–60, 165, 176, 182, 184, 235–36, 240, 260
Strabo, 87
style, 5–6, 25–26, 45, 50, 56, 59, 62, 85–87, 95–96, 124–26, 142–43, 151–57, 159, 162–66, 176, 192–93, 198–99, 214, 215–16, 267. See also virtues of style
suasoria. See declamation
Suetonius, 111, 115–16, 166–67
Synesius of Cyrene, 234, 252–54
synkrisis, 78n, 138, 202, 205, 246, 261, 263
Tacitus, 104, 173–74, 188, 190–91, 194
Tauriscus, 91
techn
, 19, 30, 37, 48, 88, 218
Themistius, 251–52
Theodore the Studite, 272
Theodorus of Byzantium, 30–33, 163
Theodorus of Gadara, 160
theological disputation, 263–64, 266–67
Theophrastus, 26, 29, 62, 84–87, 123, 125, 156, 163, 179
thesis and hypothesis, 38, 47, 52, 57, 87, 93, 97, 125, 149–50, 206, 225, 248, 283
Thrasymachus, 25, 30–34, 86, 230
Thucydides, 21–23, 25–26, 64–65, 69–70, 164–66, 219, 250
Tiberius Rhetor, 228
Timotheus, 46
Tisias, 11, 18, 30, 32–34, 42, 219, 222
topics, 5, 20, 23, 28, 44, 45, 50, 52, 58, 60–61, 73, 95, 99, 120, 157, 212–15, 268, 270, 283
Trajan, 182, 192, 194–96, 234–35
tropes, 6, 63, 91–92, 126, 268–69, 274
Velleius Paterculus, 188
Verginius Flavus, 175, 177, 189
Vespasian, 177
virtues of style, 6, 45, 85–85, 88, 90–91, 93, 95, 125, 143, 156, 163, 179, 183, 215, 274
women: funeral orations for, 106; as orators, 24
Zeno of Elea, 7
Zeno of Sidon, 94
Zopyrus, 98