PARKER, James
b. Copenhagen, 1820
Sir Robert Peel, 1844; Convict; Sentenced to 7 years, Central Criminal Court, 1844.
Married; Ship steward; Height: 165 cm.
Fresh complexion, long head, brown hair, dark brown whiskers, hazel eyes, long nose. Jew. Can read a little. Previously James Parker had been imprisoned for six months for stealing a cloak. This similar offence was his second conviction, and was for stealing a cloak and a shawl from Mr Webb of Red Lion Street. The surgeon's report was: ‘indifferent’. In his police dossier, the surgeon reported ‘it appeared that a charge of murder was prepared against this man on the afternoon previous to the sailing of the ship’.
James Parker's initial period of detention in Van Diemen's Land was for fifteen months and he was sent to a work gang in Deloraine. His ship arrived on 26 December 1844 and on 1 January 1846 he was found to be absent from his work and put in solitary confinement for ten days. On 1 July 1846 he was found guilty of boiling down bones for fat (for his own profit) and posing as a washer-man. His sentence was extended by two months. He gained his ticket of leave on 20 February 1849 but on 28 April 1864 at Deloraine he was found guilty of larceny and sentenced to twelve months imprisonment with hard labour.
CON 33/63, no. 5110.
PASS, Esther
Active, 1791; Free.
Married.
Mrs Esther Pass was the wife of the convict Mordecai Pass (q.v.). Esther had paid for her journey to Australia on the same convict transport ship as her husband, ‘under the protection of the (ship's) master’. The colony was too young to be able to cope with someone who was neither a convict nor part of the military establishment and she was subsequently ‘allowed’ to leave New South Wales by Lieutenant Governor King, after he had been convinced that she was not a convict and had no place in the colony. Governor Phillip wrote (24 November 1791): ‘The Master of the Active, Transport, having made Oath that a woman of the name of Esther Pass, who came out in that Ship, is not a convict and never was intended to remain in the Settlement, she is permitted to proceed with him’. Esther left Australia, on the Active for England, by way of India, in 1792. By accompanying her husband on the Third Fleet, Esther unwittingly became Australia's first free Jewish adult immigrant.
Letter by David Collins to Lt Gov. King, 5 January 1792, and Gov. Phillip to Under Secretary Nepean, 24 November 1791, in HRA, vol. 1, p. 316 (there is a misprint in the transcript of the letter).
PASS, Mordecai (James)
Active; 1791; Convict; Sentenced to 7 years, Old Bailey, 1790.
Married.
Mordecai Pass stole a box containing 564 pairs of shoe buckles valued at £20 from a cart and was sentenced at the Old Bailey on 7 July 1790. On board the Active (a ship of the Third Fleet) there was a reference to his wife Esther Pass (q.v.).
‘Moddica Pass’ was listed in the Settlers' Muster Book, List 3, as a ‘Person off Stores’ with a ticket of leave in 1800, and received a certificate of freedom on 9 June 1810.
James Pass, alias Mordecai, was charged with receiving stolen goods 20 January 1813 and was sentenced on 20 March 1813. On 27 July 1816 he was a sailor on a vessel that was wrecked to the north of Port Stephens. Understandably reluctant to board another ship, Pass asked the Colonial Secretary whether he could proceed overland to Sydney from Newcastle.
OBSP, 1789–90, case 538, p. 664; King's Letter Book, L187, p. 85, Letter by David Collins to King, 5 January 1792; TL 263; Sydney Gazette, 20 March 1813, 28 September 1816.
PERARA, Joseph
b. London, 1805–1847
Albion (1), 1827; Convict; Sentenced to 7 years, Old Bailey, 1825.
Married; Tailor; 2 children.
Fresh complexion, brown hair, hazel eyes. Could read and write. Joseph Perara, who had a wife and small child living in London, stole a bundle of six shovels from a cart on the way to a warehouse. He had no previous conviction.
In December 1825, only a few months after his marriage, Joseph de Isaac Pereira, a tailor, was convicted to transportation to Australia. Because there was no expectation that he would ever be able to return to England, his wife, Rosa, the daughter of Naphtali Bengegui, obtained a divorce through the Sephardi religious court. She also petitioned the Elders of the synagogue for assistance. In January the Mahamad, which served as the Council of the Sephardi community, satisfied of the truth of her statement granted her £5 ‘for once’. Due to her plight she continued to receive regular small sums of money, sacks of coal in winter and several pounds of unleavened bread every Passover. She died in 1880 and was buried at the community's cemetery at Mile End.
Perara took £1 2s with him on the convict transport ship and the money was placed in the New South Wales Bank on his arrival. In the 1828 Census he was listed as a labourer working as an assigned servant with the Australian Agricultural Company at Port Stephens in the District of Maitland. He was granted a ticket of leave on 29 September 1831 for the District of Maitland and a certificate of freedom in 1833. Perara was free in November 1837 when he was detained at the House of Correction for ‘neglect of work’.
A child was born to Joseph Perara at Lane Cove, Sydney, in 1842. Perara was found drowned on 15 December 1847 and was buried as a Jew.
OBSP, 1825–26, case 39, p. 21; Albion (1) Indent 4/4012, p. 43; House of Correction Register 4/4569, p. 35; The Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue Bulletin, 1988. Principal Superintendent of Convicts, Registers of Exemptions from Government Labour, 15 November 1830 to 24 September 1832, in 4/4080, TL 31/761; CF 353; no. 761, 1831, 4/4062.
PHILIPPS, Henry
Henry and Margaret Philipps had a child in Sydney in 1831 named Hyam J. Philipps.
PHILLIPS, Abraham
b. London, 1811–1853
Free.
Single; Dealer.
Abraham Phillips married Hannah Levey on 20 December 1840. It was Jewish wedding no. 38 in New South Wales. Phillips died on 2 April 1853 and was buried by the Sydney Synagogue in the Devonshire Street Cemetery.
PHILLIPS, Abraham
Free.
Single.
Abraham Phillips married Rosie Cohen, aged nineteen, at Launceston's second Jewish wedding in 1841. Robert Cohen (q.v.) and Moses Cohen (q.v.) signed the certificate as witnesses.
PHILLIPS, Alexander
d. 1832
Globe, 1819; Convict; Sentenced to 7 years, Exeter, 1818.
Single; 3 children.
The Globe arrived in New South Wales on 8 January 1819. Alexander Phillips appeared in the 1828 Census as ‘free by servitude’. His wife was Sophia, aged twenty-three and born in the colony, and their children were Louise (born 1824), Alexander jnr (1825), and John (1827). Phillips was a publican and baker in Newcastle. His religion was listed as ‘Protestant’. However, Phillips was buried as a Jew at the Devonshire Street Cemetery on 3 February 1832.
‘Barney Aaron’ Phillips and his wife Clara (née Solomons) (q.v.) arrived in Sydney on 14 May 1833 with their eight children, Charles Aaron (1823–1867), Alexander Aaron (born 1824), Anna (Hannah) (1826–1877) married David Newton (q.v.) on 6 June 1841), Michael Aaron (1827), Samuel Aaron (born 1828–26 July 1902), Sara (born 1831–1906 married Samuel Davis (q.v.) 29 May 1850), Jacob Aaron (born 18 April 1832 died 20 August 1893 married Susan Moses ca 1854), and Rosa (1833–1893 married Lewis Jonah Jones in Sydney 24 March 1852). Miss Abigail Asser (q.v.) accompanied the family.
On 23 May 1833 the Sydney Gazette announced: ‘Mr B. A. Phillips—General Mechanist from Theatre Royal, Covent Garden and eight years foreman at Drury Lane—commenced business in George Street. Carpenter, joiner, venetian blind maker, furniture repairer, locksmith, bell hanger’. He asked for six government servants and was granted one. Phillips asked for Thomas Harris, or Herscht (Harris, q.v.), to be assigned to him from the Principal Superintendent of Convicts in order to be the Jewish teacher of his children. The request was refused. On 2 May 1834 Phillips moved to premises ‘lately occupied by Isaac Simmons’ (q.v.), and then moved again, on 9 December 1835, to the Malcolm Building in George Street.
Barnett Levey (q.v.) had obviously encouraged Phillips to come to New South Wales and they worked together during Levey's theatrical career. But Phillips quickly understood that he would not be able to rely on the theatrical successes of Barnett Levey and, in 1836, Phillips announced that he had imported from England ‘a well built hearse and mourning coach and has commenced as Furnishing Undertaker’. The hearse was said to be for hire and, at the same time, Phillips advertised the sale of cabinets and glassware.
The B. A. Phillips children born in Sydney were Rebecca (born 24 September 1834, who died on 15 March 1837 from scalding), Nancy (born 29 October 1835), Jane (born 3 December 1836, who died on 31 June 1840), Philip (1837), Eve (born 29 August 1839), Wolff (Wellington) (born 21 November 1840, who died aged five months), Leah (born 19 April 1841 to 1862), and Isaac Aaron (born 7 January 1844).
Phillips was a freemason and actively sold tickets for masonic dinners and balls. He was employed to fit out the Bridge Street Synagogue in 1836, with its ‘well arranged’ 130 seats and an ark for the Torah scrolls, which can still be seen at Sydney's Great Synagogue. He became a member of the synagogue committee in 1839 and gave £15 to the building fund. He had a shop and house in George Street in 1842. He applied for a licence on 13 April 1843 for the Star in the East public house in George Street but, sadly, did not escape the depression and was declared insolvent on 21 December 1843.
B. A. Phillips died at the home of his daughter Nancy and son-in-law Asher Jude in Bourke Street, Melbourne, on 24 November 1862. Clara died on 20 June 1861, aged fifty-seven.
Westmoreland Indent 4/5204; Sydney Gazette, 23 May 1833; 1835 Governors' Despatches, 12 November 1836, ML 1214, p. 734; Principal Superintendent of Convicts, 37/7615, 21 September 1836; Sydney General Trade List, 8 August 1835; Sydney Morning Herald, 2 December 1836, 15 September 1842, 27 December 1843; Sydney Gazette, 21 May 1833; Commercial Journal and Advertiser, 7 February 1838.
PHILLIPS, Caroline (née SOLOMON)
1813–1904
Enchantress, 1833; Free.
Married; 14 children.
Caroline married Solomon Phillips (q.v.) in 1832 and came to Australia with him. Their children were Rosetta, Phillip David, twins Ephraim and Daniel, Lydia, Joseph, Mondle Emanuel, Elias Edward, Louis (Lewis) Samuel, Hannah, Simeon, Abraham, David Solomon, and Samuel Asher.
PHILLIPS, Charles Saul Aaron
Free.
Married; Watchmaker and jeweller; 1 child.
Charles Saul Aaron Phillips was a watchmaker and jeweller in Castlereagh Street, according to the Sydney Morning Herald of 17 May 1844.
PHILLIPS, Clara (née SOLOMONS)
1814–1861 Westmoreland, 1833; Free.
Married; 16 children.
Clara Phillips travelled to New South Wales with her husband, Barnett Aaron Phillips (q.v.), and their eight children born in England.
PHILLIPS, Daniel
Matilda, 1791; Convict; Sentenced to 7 years, Stafford, 1790.
Daniel Phillips arrived in New South Wales on 1 August 1791 and his sentence expired in 1797. He had been a labourer at Wilberforce. In May 1810 Daniel Phillips petitioned Governor Macquarie and told him that he had come on the ship Matilda nineteen years ago. He had served the whole of his time in the employ of the government, frequently employed by governors Hunter and King and Mr Andrew Thompson to explore the mountains and other interior parts of the colony in search of curiosities. The petition continued: ‘His wife had died four years ago leaving him with a small family to provide for. He rented a few acres in 1809 and lost the total crop of wheat in the flood. Lieutenant Governor Paterson granted him seventy acres of land and he humbly implored that it may be renewed for the sake of his “infant family”’. Phillips was illiterate, and Mr A. Thompson had written the petition on his behalf. The grant of seventy acres was confirmed by Governor Macquarie. On 16 and 23 November 1816 Phillips was listed as being at the Hawkesbury, and as ‘an impostor’ pretending to have a pardon. Jonas Mordecai (Joseph Mordecai, q.v.) and Henry Hyams (q.v.) were accused of being involved in the same scheme. Phillips's true status was eventually confirmed. In 1821, cedar wood worth £42 was supplied by Phillips to the police.
Matilda Indent 4/4005; CS Letters Received 1810, Memorials L–Y, no. 259, in 4/1822, 20 January 1807, A85, p. 184; Bigge Appendix, BT Box 24, p. 5174; HO 10/3; Wentworth Papers, ML, 1816–1821, D. 1.
PHILLIPS, Emanuel
1806–1879
1827; Free.
Single; Merchant; 7 children.
Phillips was a storekeeper at the Reform House 336 George Street 1830 to 1839 and served on the Sydney Synagogue's committee in 1839. By 1842 he owned two shops and a home in Park Street. Emanuel Phillips married Hannah Phillips on 8 April 1835 and the bride and groom were first cousins. It was the Sydney synagogue's eleventh wedding. Their children were Elizabeth (born 1836), Phillip (1837), Rosetta (1838), Saul (1840), Sarah (1841), Abraham (1842), and Lewis (1845). All were born in Sydney.
On 31 July 1839 Emanuel Phillips wrote a petition to the Governor asking for consideration of the plight of Hyam Franks (q.v.). Phillips described himself as a storekeeper in George Street, who had arrived free in 1827. Phillips was listed in the 1833 Post Office Directory as a ‘dealer’ in York Street and was elected ‘collector’ for the synagogue at its first general meeting in 1833. The following year he moved to a shop in Pitt Street and then opened a general store named the Reform House, at 1 Park Street. In 1839 Mr and Mrs E. Phillips gave £25 to the York Street Synagogue building fund. In September 1840 he agreed to be nominated for the office of treasurer at the Sydney Synagogue. He was one of the eight Sydney subscribers to London's Voice of Jacob newspaper.
Phillips was a seat holder at the synagogue in 1845 and donated £25 to the congregational building appeal. In 1845 he opened the London Warehouse at 336 George Street. On 16 August 1845 he announced in the Maitland Mercury that he had moved to open a new business in the town: ‘Emanuel Phillips of London Warehouse, George Street, Sydney, late “Reform House” in Park Street announces his new drapery etc business’. Phillips died at Christchurch, New Zealand, on 25 August 1879.
Letter to Governor, 31 July 1839, 4/2457.4; Land Correspondence 2/7950, 20 January 1835; Sydney Morning Herald, 16 September 1842, 16 July 1845; Sydney Gazette, 11 July 1833; Commercial Journal and Advertiser, 10 September 1836; Maitland Mercury, 16 August 1845.
Pale ruddy complexion, dark brown hair nearly bald, dark hazel eyes. Large nose. S & P and EP tattooed on left arm. Emanuel Phillips belonged to a group of three young males who stole a half-full tea chest of tea from a warehouse. He told the police that he was an orange seller and that he was hired by two men to carry the chest, not knowing that it was stolen. He was sentenced on 14 January 1824.
The Hercules arrived in New South Wales on 7 May 1825. Phillips was initially assigned to the Prisoners' Barracks in Sydney. On 22 August 1826 the Australian reported that Emanuel Phillips, a prisoner attached to the Hyde Park Barracks, was charged with stealing a loaf of bread from a cart. Phillips was with a companion who escaped from the police. He was remanded for punishment and sentenced to work in chains for three months. Emanuel Phillips appeared in the 1828 Census. No religion was noted and he was recorded as a shepherd in government service in the region of Bathurst. Phillips was granted a certificate of freedom on 14 January 1831. The Sydney Gazette of 5 July 1832 reported that Moses Solomon (q.v.) was assigned to Emanuel Phillips. The assignment ended abruptly when Solomon was sent to Norfolk Island for his part in a robbery.
OBSP, 1823–24, case 232, p. 84; Hercules (2) Indent 4/4304; Principal Superintendent of Convicts, Butts of Certificates of Freedom, 28 September 1830 to 28 March 1831, CF 31/0019; Ship Indent 2/8262, p. 350; 4/4010, p. 120; Australian, 22 April 1826; Sydney Gazette, 22 April 1826, 5 July 1832.
PHILLIPS, George
1758–1831
Earl Cornwallis, 1801; Convict; Sentenced to life, Old Bailey, 1800.
Single; Soldier.
Phillips was caught stealing in a shop by the owner's wife. Phillips was a soldier and was dressed in uniform.
The convict transport Earl Cornwallis arrived in Port Jackson on 12 June 1801. George Phillips was the assigned convict servant to Mr Faithfull in 1819. George Phillips was listed as a Protestant in the 1828 Census and described as a ‘waterman’. He was aged seventy and ‘Free by Servitude’.
Earl Cornwallis Indent, p. 26, 4/4004; OBSP, 1799–1800, case 440, p. 392f.
PHILLIPS, Hannah
b. London, d. 1877
Westmoreland, 1833; Free.
8 children.
The daughter of Barnard Aaron Phillips (q.v.), Hannah Phillips married David Newton (q.v.) on 6 January 1841, in the fifth Jewish wedding in New South Wales. They had eight children: Solomon (Charles) born 1841, Michael born 1842), Eve and her twin Mary Frances born 1844, Rose born 1846, Isaac born1847, Julia born 1849, and Nancy (Anne) (1851). Hannah was born 1851. After David Newton's death in 1855 Hannah married Richard Treeve and left the Jewish community. She died 22 May 1877.
Family information from John Norris.
PHILLIPS, Henry
Warrior, 1835; Free.
Single; Merchant.
The Warrior arrived on 27 February 1835. Mr Henry Phillips, a merchant from England, arrived travelling cabin class. According to the list in the Sydney Morning Herald for the first municipal elections in 1842, Henry Phillips maintained an office in Elizabeth Street. Phillips was a Sydney Synagogue seat holder in 1845. On 9 February 1848 Henry Phillips married Rosetta Moses in Sydney.
Henry Phillips of Belfast (in Victoria-now Port Fairy) bought local land in 1849.
Henry and Rosetta moved to the Victorian goldfield at Mt Blackwood in the region of Ballarat and Daylesford. In 1855, at Golden Point, Rosetta gave birth to a son, Solomon, and a collection had to be made from the local Jewish residents to allow the Rev. Moses Rintel (q.v.) to travel from Melbourne to officiate at a brit milah. When the goldfield was exhausted Henry Phillips and family moved to Ballarat.
Ship Arrivals 4/5208; Sydney Morning Herald, 16 September 1842; Mutch Index, 82/135; Land Register, 2/7950, 1849–50.
PHILLIPS, Hyam
b. London, 1783–1829
Vittoria; Convict; Sentenced 14 years, Old Bailey, 1828.
Hyam Phillips was found at a London bank attempting to cash a £5 note that had been stolen the previous evening from the pocket of a country visitor to London. He was sentenced on 21 February 1828.
Phillips died at sea of ‘chronic diarrhea’ on 18 October 1829.
OBSP, 1828, case 495; Ship Indent 2/8281, p. 89f.
PHILLIPS, Hyam (Hyman)
b. London, 1797–1874
Morley (1), 1817; Convict; Sentenced to life, London, 1816.
Single; Labourer; Height: 164 cm.
Dark complexion, black hair, black eyes. Hyman Phillips was indicted for feloniously assaulting Edward Douglas in Bishopsgate Street at 10 o'clock on the night of 7 May. Douglas said: ‘A woman accosted me, and took me up Alderman's Walk, which is not a thoroughfare; I remained there for the space of three or four minutes. She had just left me when I received a blow, which knocked me down. There was a violent pulling at my chain; it was a gold chain; it broke and was separated from my watch’. The victim chased Phillips, who was caught by three watchmen. Phillips declared: ‘I am totally innocent’, and was sentenced to death, though this was later commuted to transportation for life. On the convict ship the names of Simon Solomons (q.v.) and Isaac Jonas (q.v.) were bracketed together with Phillips'.
In the 1822 General Muster of New South Wales ‘Hyman’ Phillips is recorded as a convict working at the Lumber Yard at Parramatta. Hyam Phillips received thirteen lashes on 3 December 1824 for overworking a government bullock. A ticket of leave was issued to him for the District of Parramatta on 24 April 1830. Phillips then asked for a conditional pardon. He lived at Church Street, Parramatta, punctually attended musters (and church parades) and claimed to have ‘apprehended two bushrangers and gave information which led to the apprehension of five runaways’. A conditional pardon was granted on 27 April 1837, followed by a certificate of freedom.
Phillips moved to Berrima. On 15 August 1842 he signed a petition with Samuel Benjamin (q.v.) and Philip Solomon (q.v.) asking that Mr William Sherwin of Berrima be made a Justice of the Peace. On 13 November 1843 he was appointed (with Joseph Levy, q.v.) to be a representative of the synagogue in Sydney in the District of Berrima. Hyam Phillips and Co. took over Joseph Levy's store and business at Argyle Street, Berrima, in November 1840. The Australian said that Levy would assist Phillips in the brewery business. ‘Hyman’ Phillips was still a resident of Berrima on 11 April 1844. From Berrima in 1845 came a donation of £25 to the Sydney Synagogue in his name. Hyam Phillips moved to George Street, Sydney, and was listed as a land agent for Israel Solomon (q.v.), who bought ten acres at Bongodong on the Murrumbidgee on 7 July 1847.
Hyam Phillips conducted the funeral for Noson Davis (q.v.) in Orange in 1865. A Hyam Phillips died at Cooma in 1874. His age was registered as eighty-two.
OBSP, 1816–17, case 530, p. 271; CS Letters Received 1840; 4/25181.1, 15 August 1842; 4/4074, 27, TL 30/186, April 1837, CP 37/0922; CS 36/5093, in 4/2309; Petition 4/2578.1, 15 August 1842; Sydney Gazette, 3 December 1824; CS Conditional Pardon Register, 4/4435, p. 324, 1 December 1833; 4/4492, p. 27; Australian, 3 November 1840, 21 November 1840.
PHILLIPS, Hyam
b. London, 1812
Mary III (4), 1833; Convict; Sentenced to 7 years, London, 1832.
Single; Butcher; Height: 156 cm.
Dark ruddy complexion, a little pock-pitted, dark nearly black hair, blue eyes. Hyam Phillips was transported for stealing a box full of books from a carrier in Houndsditch. He was sentenced on 5 January 1832.
Phillips was assigned to J. Hobbins of Sydney on 28 February 1833. A ticket of leave was issued on 4 December 1837, and a certificate of freedom on 19 October 1844. ‘Imey Phillips’ appeared in the Registry of Flash Men. He lived in the North Shore of Sydney Harbour and was ‘a considerable fence who comes into Sydney every Saturday to sell his ill gotten stock’.
OBSP, 1831–32, case 390, p. 175; Mary Printed Indent, 6 January 1833, p. 3; TL, A1276, p. 287, 4 December 1837; Sydney Gazette, 28 February 1833; Sydney Morning Herald, 11 April 1844; Principal Superintendent of Convicts, Butts of Certificates of Freedom, January–February 1842, CF 42/91, 4/4371; W. A. Miles, Registry of Flash Men.
PHILLIPS, Isaac
Free.
2 children.
Isaac Phillips was a brother of Philip Phillips (q.v.). Isaac and Maria Phillips had two children, both born at Merton's Creek, Victoria. The first, Elizabeth Davis Phillips, was born in 1850 and registered as a ‘Hebrew’. The second, also a girl, was born in 1851.
PHILLIPS, John
b. London, 1801
John Barry (1), 1819; Convict; Sentenced to life, Old Bailey, 1819.
Single; Butcher; Height: 160 cm.
Dark sallow complexion, black hair, dark eyes. John Phillips was sentenced with Hyam Alexander (q.v.). Phillips stole a pocket book from the Rt. Hon. Thomas Lord Foley at an election meeting at Covent Garden.
John Phillips was not listed on the 1822 General Muster of New South Wales.
OBSP, 1818–19, case 396, 17 February 1819; John Barry (1) Indent 4/4006, p. 387.
PHILLIPS, Laurence
Free.
Single.
Laurence Phillips married Sarah Moss (q.v.) in the Sydney Synagogue on 24 January 1844. Sarah died on 21 June 1844 and was buried at the Devonshire Street Jewish Cemetery.
PHILLIPS, Lewis
Free.
Married; Dealer; 1 child.
Lewis and Sarah Phillips had a son, John, in Sydney in 1849, and registered him as a ‘Hebrew’.
PHILLIPS, Louis
b. London, 1816
John Calvin (1), 1846; Convict; Sentenced to 10 years, Central Criminal Court, 1846.
Married; Diamond dealer; Height: 173 cm; 1 child (in London).
Louis Phillips lived in Finsbury Square. He was listed as a Jew. He could read and write. His wife was Esther. He had five brothers, Moses, Isaac, David, Lawrence and Joseph, and two sisters, Sarah and Maria (who lived in America). Phillips was convicted at the Old Bailey on 23 February 1846 for having forged and presented a cheque for £280. He was ‘very well behaved’ on board ship. He had a fair complexion, brown hair, brown whiskers, sharp face, narrow forehead, brown eyebrows, grey eyes, long nose, medium mouth and chin.
Phillips arrived in Norfolk Island on 21 September 1846. He was sent on to Van Diemen's Land in November 1849. By 20 April 1852 Phillips had a ticket of leave and lived at Kingston, south of Hobart Town. On 30 April 1852 he was fined £30 ‘for having employed Mathews and Hunt and Woods, knowing them to be deserters from H. M. Brig Fantome’. A conditional pardon was approved on 31 May 1853. He was recommended for a conditional pardon on 16 December 1856. On 13 April 1859 at the Supreme Court in Hobart Town Phillips received a colonial sentence with hard labour for uttering a forged note of acceptance for £84. He was sent to Port Arthur where he remained until 18 June 1859. Phillips was free by September 1860.
CON 17/3, p. 8; CON 33/88; CON 37/9, p. 4070; HO 11/15.
PHILLIPS, Michael
b. London
Nimrod, 1827; Free.
Married; Merchant; 7 children.
Michael Phillips arrived in Sydney on 29 December 1827 and within days received a land grant from the colonial government. His wife (née Samuel) and six children followed him in April 1830. Phillips announced that he was a merchant and ships' agent and was granted 2560 acres of land in 1831.
Phillips had originally planned (in 1827) to settle in Western Port, in what would become Victoria, on the advice of the emancipist Solomon Levey (q.v.) in London. Writing from 108 London Wall on 4 January 1827, Phillips wrote to Earl Bathurst that it was his intention
to fix my permanent residence in New South Wales, my wife and six children to follow. I have fixed upon that part of the Colony called Western Port, as the most desirable; the soil is congenial for the production of Grain, to which I shall mostly direct my attention; and, by having most respectable connections in the Brazils, I look forward with a prospect of ultimate success in establishing there the consumption of New South Wales wheat, as it has already a preference to the American flour. It is my intention to proceed to Sidney [sic] with an Investment of a considerable Amount. I humbly solicit a location of four thousand acres with further privilege of purchasing four Thousand acres more. I intend to take 30 convicts in my employ. I beg to refer your Lordship as regards my character Respectability and Means to the respectable House of Messrs Samuel and Phillips of 8 South St Finsbury.
On 28 February 1827 Bathurst replied ‘The Governor of New South Wales will be directed to afford you any encouragement … but the quantity of land must depend upon the amount of capital which you may have on your arrival there’. In the Returns of 1828, Governor Darling authorised a grant of 2560 acres. However, three years later Phillips was still waiting for the grant. He asked for 5000 acres and undertook to remain in the colony for three years. Only 2560 acres were approved and on 15 September 1831, Phillips formally applied for the grant. His agricultural ambitions were never realised but had Phillips remained committed to Western Port he would have been Victoria's first settler.
On 20 January 1832 his brother-in-law, Horatio Samuel (q.v.), died, aged nineteen, at the Phillips' home in O'Connell Street. During the first quarter of 1832, four of the Phillips children also died, and were buried in the Jewish section of the Devonshire Street Cemetery. George died on 30 January, Alexander on 3 February, Sydniana on 28 February and Caroline on 5 March. Together with J. B. Montefiore (q.v.), Michael Phillips obtained a distinct grant of land for the Jews' burial ground in the Devonshire Street Cemetery. On 23 July 1832 Michael Phillips and the trustees of the Jews' burial ground offered a reward of £25 for information after ‘some evil disposed person or persons have forcibly entered the Jews' Burial Ground and have wantonly removed and demolished the Tombs of my deceased children’. The Sydney Herald described it as ‘one of the greatest violations of all that is held sacred in all climes and countries’, and the Sydney Gazette said it was ‘one of the most infamous and inhuman outrages that has ever disgraced’ the colony. The culprits were never found.
In September 1832, Currency Lad reported: ‘Mr Michael Phillips has become purchaser of the cargo of the American ship for which he is to pay in colonial produce. We rejoice to learn this may perhaps afford an introduction to an extensive trade with the American ports’. In April 1833 he advertised that he wished to rent his home and adjoining stores ‘replete with every comfort and convenience’, as he wished to move from his present residence. On 12 November 1832 Phillips wrote to the Colonial Secretary ‘I have now arrived from New Zealand the Ship City of Edinburgh with a large cargo of Spars, Plank oars, scantlings and other descriptions of timber and some flax’. He noted that he faced difficulties unloading the bulky cargo and paying charges for the use of the wharf. The ship had to leave port as soon as possible and there was commercial precedent allowing him to unload at the Timber Yard adjoining George Street free of wharfage. Phillips' request was accepted by the Colonial Secretary.
On 30 September 1833 Michael Phillips was elected to the committee of the Sydney Jewish community's first general meeting. Phillips continued to take an active part in the commercial life of Sydney and left on a business trip to England on the Enchantress in May 1834, and in August 1835 the authorities took note that ‘Michael Phillips esq. Merchant Sydney’ had returned from England on the William Harris on 11 August 1835. On 8 June 1837 the Sydney Gazette reported a court case in which Michael Phillips was sued for overdue bills to the sum of £543: ‘He received goods from Jones, Phillips and Co in London and there was a transaction by Phillips which his Honour deemed not honest and that it was clear that Phillips' intentions were to benefit his creditors in England at the expense of his creditors in this Colony’. While on a visit to Hobart Town in 1837 Phillips was served with a summons to pay £658 made out in promissory notes to Samuel Lyons (q.v.). Phillips denied that he was leaving Australia but was unable to find the cash: ‘being almost a stranger and unknown in this colony was unable to procure bail. [He was] extremely alarmed for the situation in which his wife then enceinte and family of five children who had come down from Sydney were likely to be placed’. On 15 March 1837 the Phillips family lost another child, named Rebekhah, who was buried by the Sydney Synagogue. Phillips remained in prison in Hobart Town for almost a year until financial guarantees could be sent from his family in England. Although he returned briefly to Sydney and rejoined the Sydney Synagogue as a member, he left for England shortly after 1845 and would never return.
Nimrod Indent 4/5198; Sydney Gazette, 22 May 1834, 13 August 1835, 8 June 1837; Land Grant 2/7950; HRA, series 1, vol. 13, p. 132f., and vol. 14, p. 672; Sydney Herald, 23 July 1832; Currency Lad, 1 September 1832; CS 32/8498, in 4/2160, 15 November 1832; Sydney Gazette, 31 March 1832, 6 April 1833, 17 July 1833, 8 June 1837; Petition, Hobart Town, CSO 5/77/1724; Land Correspondence 2/7950; Hobart Town Courier, 9 February 1838.
PHILLIPS, Morrice (Morris)
b. London, d. 1896
City of London, 1838; Free.
Single; Printer, actor, dancer.
Morrice Phillips arrived steerage on the City of London on 12 July 1838. On 2 August he wrote to the Colonial Secretary telling him that he had just arrived in the colony and understood that there were several situations vacant in the Colonial Department. He was staying with his brother, Michael Phillips (q.v.), at 11 O'Connell Street, Sydney.
On 13 September 1839 the Sydney Gazette reported that Phillips would present a Grand Historical Drama entitled The Massacres of Jerusalem by Mr Morris Phillips, newly arrived from London. It was to be presented at the ‘Victoria Theatre … first appearance on the stage in one of the leading characters’. Two days later the Gazette published its review: ‘A more dull, absurd and stupid mass of nonsense without plot or design. The repeated allusions to the distinguished abilities of the Jewish People are absolutely disgusting … the sooner Mr Phillips returns to his printing the better will it be’.
The Commercial Journal and Advertiser reported, on 30 January 1839, that Mr Morris Phillips ‘is also a dancer and danced a “pas de deux” with Miss Lazar’ (q.v.). On 14 January 1839 Phillips produced Fidelio at the Victoria Theatre. The Sydney press reported that: ‘We have not room to notice particularly the new piece called Fidelio, from the pen of Mr Morrice Phillips, residing in Sydney, but for the present we cannot allow the opportunity to pass without expressing our belief that it will “take” … the scenery and dresses are admirably conceived and well executed’. In the Australian of 21 August 1841 Phillips announced that he would appear at the Royal Victoria Theatre to dance the favourite ‘Pas Seul’.
‘Morris Phillips’ was buried in the Jewish section of Rookwood Cemetery. The gravestone is missing, but it was noted that he died on 3 September 1896.
City of London Indent, 4/5213; Letter to CS 38/8104, in 4/2406.4; Sydney Gazette, 13 September 1838, 15 September 1838; Australian, 21 August 1841; Commercial Journal and Advertiser, 30 January 1839; Eric Irvin, Jewish Personalities of the Early Sydney Stage, ms, n.d.
PHILLIPS, Moses
1875–1862
Medway (1), 1821; Convict; Sentenced to life, Surrey, 1820.
Married; 10 children.
Moses Phillips was sentenced to transportation for life, at Surrey on 3 August 1820, for house breaking. Of ‘Bad character’, his hulk report was ‘orderly’. His height was 157.5 cms. He had brown hair, light grey eyes. He said he was a watchmaker. It was noted that he was a ‘Jew’.
Moses Phillips appeared in the 1821 Convict Muster at Clarence Plains. He worked as an assigned convict servant in government service until 1827. On 22 July 1822 his convict dossier records that he was acquitted after having been accused of receiving a stolen silver spoon knowing that it had been stolen. On the 1 December 1823 his assigment to Mr Oliver Smith was terminated when it was found he was not sleeping under his master's roof at night. He was returned to the supervision of the government. He married on 16 July 1823 to Mary Ann Griffin (née Higgs). The first of their four colonial children was born later that same year but his marriage was far from successful. On 31 December 1827 he was found to be absent from his assigned task as a watchman on the Hobart Town wharf. On 20 February 1828 Phillips complained to the Colonial Secretary that his wife had been seduced by a hotel keeper named Withers. Phillips, it turned out, was in partnership with Withers, who managed a public house called the Druid, while, at the same time, he was supposed to be an assigned convict watchman at the Government Wharf. His letter of complaint brought this anomaly to the attention of officialdom. The Principal Superintendent of Police considered it to be ‘improper’ that Phillips should ‘gain income in this way’, and ordered that Withers be warned. A notice promptly appeared in the Hobart Town Courier on 22 March 1828 announcing the ‘dissolution of partnership between Joseph Withers and Moses Phillips by mutual consent’. Together they had operated the public house, and a bakery and biscuit business in Murray Street (and briefly in Argyle Street), for which Phillips was responsible. In 1828 Moses Phillips married Mary Ann Higgs in a Jewish religious ceremony. Shortly afterwards Phillips received a ticket of leave (on 18 October 1828), moved to Launceston and became a publican again. In June 1832 he was fined £2 10s for allowing a convict to remain on his premises. On 18 July 1834 he illegally drove his cart across the footpath in a public street in Launceston and was fined five shillings.
In September 1836 he was convicted of ‘disorderly conduct’ for playing billiards and placed on bread and water and put in solitary confinement for twenty-four hours. Moses Phillips, ‘a Carrier’, joined with Henry Davis (q.v.) in the purchase of a small block of land at Cataract Hill in Launceston in October 1836 for a Jewish cemetery.
A conditional pardon No. 1211 was granted on 21 November 1836. Phillips applied for an assigned convict servant and received one on 14 June 1839 (Hobart Town Courier). His financial position deteriorated sharply, and in a petition dated 10 December 1840, Phillips wrote to the Colonial Secretary pleading for help. He had been in Launceston for seven years and a shoemaker for four years. Six weeks before, ‘owing to heavy losses in trade’, he had been declared insolvent. He claimed to have a wife and eight children, the youngest being five months old, and without assigned servants would be unable to carry on his business. The Police Magistrate had advised against the petition, but the Governor declared in favour of Phillips, as he was ‘an honest man’, and on 6 June 1839 he was permitted to employ two convict servants. Phillips must have traded out of his difficulties because, on 20 May 1843, he signed the Launceston Synagogue petition, and on 29 June 1844 (according to the Launceston Examiner) gave £4 to the Sydney Synagogue appeal.
Phillips died at the home of his daughter Caroline and his son-in-law, Abraham Martin (q.v.) at Chewton in Victoria on 7 December 1862. There were ten children. Daniel, Moses, Phillip, Sarah, Devorah, Catherine (Kate), Solomon, Priscilla and Rebecca. There were two Jewish sons-in-law. Caroline married Joseph Barnett (q.v.) in Launceston in 1841. Following the death of Barnett in 1850 she married Abraham Martin on 3 December 1870 in a civil ceremony. In 1857, she witnessed Solomon's wedding and signed her name as Caroline Martin. Sarah married George Robinson (q.v.) in March 1842.
CON 31/34; 4/1235; CSO 1/244/5904; CSO 5/270/6986; Hobart Town Gazette, 22 March 1828, 6 June 1839; Hobart Town Courier, 22 March 1828, 18 October 1828. Family information Robyn Blenheim.
PHILLIPS, Moses
Australia, 1830; Free.
Married; 6 children.
Moses Phillips came as a free settler to New South Wales with his wife and six children. The Australia arrived on 17 April 1830. Four of the children died in the cholera epidemic of 1832.
PHILLIPS, Nathan (Nathaniel)
b. London, 1815–1899
Hooghly (4), 1834; Convict; Sentenced to 7 years, Southwark, 1834.
Single; Stage dancer, dealer; Height: 157 cm; 7 children.
Dark complexion, a little pock-pitted, dark brown hair, chestnut eyes. H. P. tattooed inside lower right arm. Fingernails short. Jew. Could read and write. Nathan Phillips, the son of Hyam and Mary (née Cohen), was transported for picking pockets. He was sentenced at Surrey (Southwark) on 7 April 1834.
Nathan Phillips arrived in New South Wales on 18 November 1834. Phillips received a certificate of freedom on 31 July 1843. He was listed in the 1837 General Return of Convicts in New South Wales as ‘Nathaniel Phillips’, working as an assigned servant to Mr William Viviers at Merton. Phillips married Roseanna Elbra, a house servant, and they had seven children: Hyam, John, Mary, Sarah, Simeon, Aaron and Louis. Nathan Phillips was buried in Narromine, New South Wales, in 1899. Roseanna died in 1913 at Parkesborough (UK).
Hooghly Printed Indent, p. 165; CF in 4/4384, 43/1233.
PHILLIPS, Philip
b. Leadenhall Street, London, 1778–1858
Countess of Harcourt (1), 1821; Convict; Sentenced to 7 years, Old Bailey, 1820.
Married; Die-maker, seaman, glasscutter; Height: 152 cm; 2 children.
Ruddy complexion, black hair, broad face, hazel eyes, long nose, small mouth and chin. Could read and write. Tattooed initials PP and IP on right arm. Phillips was convicted for stealing robes, a bible, carpet and furniture from the Congregational Chapel in Cannon Street Road. The goods were discovered at his house in Rosemary Lane. Fortunately for Phillips his crime was not deemed to be sacrilege, ‘as this term can only be applied to the Established Church’. This legal technicality undoubtedly saved his life. He was sentenced on 25 October 1820. His wife and two children lived at 2 Thomas Street, Church Lane, St George in the East.
Philip Phillips arrived in Hobart Town on 8 April 1821. On 12 June 1822 he was convicted for stealing provisions while assigned as a cook at the hospital, and given fifty lashes and returned to the Public Works Department. On 12 August 1823 he was sentenced to a further fifty lashes for stealing some tape and thread. On 7 June 1832 he was fined £1 for having harboured the convict Solomon Coleman (q.v.).
On 9 August 1833 the Hobart Town Courier reported at length about a large quantity of stolen property that was found
in the home of a sort of pawnbroker named Phillips who kept a little store in Barrack Street near the bridge … an immense collection of tools, wearing apparel, watches, plate jewellery, female attire etc was found. Phillips has long been a suspected character and not long since narrowly escaped conviction in the Supreme Court by some legal formality. He belonged by public profession to the notable fraternity of Hobart Town usurers, of whose exploits in that particular line, the most expert and hard headed of them had reason to be proud, his usual percentage being not 20 or 30 but 1000 per cent. Not longer than Saturday evening last a poor woman with a family of children applied to him for a loan of three shillings to buy them a dinner for Sunday when Phillips required a pledge in return of 15 shillings worth of clothes and an engagement to pay nine pennies a week until the whole was redeemed.
Phillips spent the next six years at Port Arthur serving a 14-year sentence. A ticket of leave was granted on 7 October 1840 and a conditional pardon in 1844. The official report said that he had spent ten and a half years in the colony and more than eight years with a ticket of leave. He had been ‘well conducted since his second (colonial) conviction’. A certificate of freedom was issued in January 1848.
Phillips was appointed the ‘collector’ for the Hobart Town Synagogue at its first meeting on 16 January 1842. He lived in the same street as the synagogue and was a seat holder at the synagogue when it was built in 1845, but in November 1845 Phillips refused to be called up to the Torah and was fined 21 shillings, which he refused (or was unable) to pay. On 19 April 1849 he was sentenced at the Supreme Court in Hobart Town to seven years in prison for stealing two dozen metal files. He was, by this time, a widower and a ‘very decrepit old man’, and the theft may have been a manoeuvre to get back into gaol, with a guarantee of food and shelter.
Phillips served sixteen months at Port Arthur. A second ticket of leave was issued on 19 October 1852 and a certificate of freedom at Launceston on 8 April 1856 even though a surcharge of £17 14s 6d was levied against him for hospital charges made by the Colonial Government. He died at his home in Lower Brisbane Street, Launceston, on 18 August 1858 and left his total estate to the Hobart Town Synagogue. His will had been witnessed by Isaac Friedman (q.v.), Henry Horowitz (q.v.) and Louis Nathan (q.v.)
OBSP, 1819–20, cases 1258, 1259, p. 627; CON 31/34; CON 37/5, p. 1500; Countess of Harcourt Indent 2/8254, p. 218; HO 10/58; HO 11/4; Hobart Town Courier, 23 May 1829, 9 August 1833.
PHILLIPS, Phillip
d. 1850
Free.
Married; Trader; 6 children.
The brother of Solomon Phillips (q.v.), Samuel Phillips (q.v.) and Isaac Phillips (q.v.), Phillip Phillips was an innkeeper at Muston's Creek. He had married Susan (née Marks) (Susan Phillips, q.v.), the fourth child of Lyon Marks and Frances (née Levey), in England on 21 August 1839.
Phillips was an early storekeeper in Geelong and Colac, where he was one of the town's pioneers. In 1846 the Melbourne Hebrew Congregation Birth Book recorded that he was a ‘storekeeper’ in Geelong. The children of Phillip and Susan (Susannah) were: Elizabeth (born 1840), Jane, who died at the age of six months in Melbourne in 1844, Leah who died in 1846 aged six months, Lion (Lionel) (23 December 1846), Moss (18 October 1848), and Caroline (29 September 1850), born at Muston's Creek where Philip Phillips, like his brother-in-law Morris Marks (q.v.), owned the ‘Rainbow Inn’.
In February 1846 Phillips' name appeared on the address of the ‘British Jews residing in Port Phillip’ congratulating Chief Rabbi Adler on his appointment. During the early part of 1849 Phillip Phillips contested a long hearing into his insolvency, which concluded with his indictment on criminal charges. Phillips had conspired to sell to Harris and Marks most of his stock at an absurdly low price by holding a ‘public auction’ in Colac at an early hour in the morning with little or no public announcement. On 22 May 1849 the Melbourne Morning Herald announced that Phillips would be able to pay twenty shillings in the pound as Samuel Henry Harris (a relative of his wife's) had come to the rescue and paid out his debt of £773 14s 3d.
Phillips was accidentally drowned in Muston's Creek and his was the first Jewish burial in Geelong, on 1 January 1851. Susan moved to Adelaide, where her brother Morris Marks (q.v.) lived and on 17 June 1855, she married Solomon Lawrence of Hindley Street in Adelaide. Susan died in Melbourne in 1888 at the Yarra Bend Asylum, aged sixty.
Melbourne Morning Herald, 9 February, 15 February, 22 February 1849; Geelong Advertiser, 7 September 1848.
PHILLIPS, Phillip
b. Margate, 1822
St Vincent (3), 1853; Convict; Sentenced to 15 years, Central Criminal Court, 1847.
Single; Labourer; Height: 166 cm.
Dark complexion, black hair, brown eyes, large nose. Jew. Cannot read. Phillip Phillips was a pickpocket and had stolen a watch. He denied he had any previous convictions but the police report stated that this was his sixth. He was sent out on the final convict transport to Van Diemen's Land.
Phillips arrived in Hobart Town on 26 May 1853 and was assigned to the police. On 24 December 1853 he was reprimanded for being absent from duty. On 23 June 1856 he was arrested for being drunk and fined £5. A conditional pardon was granted on 13 October 1856.
CON 37/5; CON 33/115.
PHILLIPS, Rosetta
b. London, 1787–1844
Free.
Rosa Phillips, ‘relict of Phillip Phillips of London’ and ‘the daughter of Sholom’, died on 3 March 1844 ‘at Parramatta’ and was buried at the Devonshire Street Jewish Cemetery. The notice in the Sydney Morning Herald reported: ‘At her residence, Church Street, Parramatta … of the firm of R. and S. Phillips, aged fifty-seven’. In 1901 Solomon Levy authorized the removal of her grave from the Devonshire Street cemetery to Rookwood.
PHILLIPS, Samuel
Industry, 1834; Free.
Single; ‘Gentleman’; 3 children.
The Industry arrived in Sydney on 18 May 1834. Samuel Phillips married ‘Leah’ Cohen on 2 November 1842. Leah Cohen was born ‘Ellen’, and must have converted to Judaism. Their wedding was Jewish marriage no. 54 in New South Wales. In 1843 the official Birth Register of New South Wales records that Samuel Phillips and ‘Ellen’ had a newly born son called Lewis, who was listed as a ‘Hebrew’. Lydia was born in Sydney in 1845. Samuel Phillips and J. Jones were listed as ‘clothes brokers’ in Clarence Street, Sydney, in Low's Directory of the City and District of Sydney, 1847. In 1848 the New South Wales Almanack and Remembrancer had an entry for ‘Samuel Phillips, Woollen Draper, Aerial Clothing Establishment, 165 York Street South’. According to the Sydney Morning Herald of 6 January 1845, Phillips owned fifty acres in Bathurst. He purchased additional land at Molong and held the licence for the Travellers' Inn at Summer Hill in the District of Bathurst. Phillips was a seat holder in the York Street Synagogue in 1845.
Their three children were Lewis (1843), Lydia (1845) and Joshua (1847) who were all registered in the York Street register.
The burials of Samuel Phillips and Ellen were in the Toowong cemetery in the 1880s.
Industry Indent 4/5206; Sydney Morning Herald, 18 November 1844, 6 January 1845, 21 April 1845; Land Correspondence, 2/7950, ‘of Molong’ purchases, 1844 and 1850, Wellington Pastoral District, no. 5, 80 (1848). Additional research by Gary Luke.
PHILLIPS, Solomon
b. London, 1810–1877
Enchantress, 1833; Free.
Married; Dealer and minister; 14 children.
Solomon Phillips married Caroline (née Solomon) in 1832 when he was twenty-one years old and she was nineteen. The Enchantress arrived on 24 April 1833 and the family travelled steerage. Also on board were his sisters, Sarah Phillips, Julia Phillips, who married Abraham Wolff (q.v.).
Phillips took up a position as assistant minister at the newly formed synagogue in Bridge Street. His first recorded assignment was to officially name Elizabeth, the daughter of Vaiben Solomon (q.v.) and Sarah Solomon (née Smith), on 14 June 1834. He officiated at the marriage of Solomon Moses (q.v.) to Deborah Hart (28 January 1835) and Samuel Benjamin (q.v.) to Rachel Moses (q.v.) (4 February 1835) and at six other weddings between 1835 and 1840. Phillips moved to Parramatta in 1839 to open his own auctioneering premises. In September 1839 he was able to give £20 to the Sydney Synagogue building fund. He was appointed the official representative of the synagogue in Parramatta on 13 November 1843. Phillips was called upon to assist at the 1845 opening of the York Street Synagogue and donated £25 to the building appeal, together with a £1 donation to the Launceston Synagogue building fund.
Phillips moved to Parramatta and appears in the 1841 Census of New South Wales. In June 1851 George Moss (q.v.) wrote: ‘He has acted as Baal Tefillah [prayer leader] during the High Holydays last four years and mohel bringing 50 infants into the covenant of Abraham. His conservative Jewish character has always been respected by Christian brethren. He has been active in the political, benevolent and literary affairs of Parramatta and was secretary and treasurer of the Road Trust and Town Council’. In 1852 Phillips and his large family moved to Melbourne, where he opened a furniture business in partnership with a Mr Bowling. The business dealt in furniture, ironmongery and pianos! Solomon Phillips and family left Melbourne in 1856 after being presented with an ‘elegantly chased silver cup inscribed in Hebrew and English’ and presented by a large crowd of grateful co-religionists.
In 1859 Phillips was selected by the newly formed secessionist Macquarie Street Synagogue to become its minister and remained in this post until 1874. He died in Carlton, Melbourne, on 23 February 1877, aged sixty-six. Caroline Phillips died on 15 May 1904 at the age of ninety-one.
Their children were: Sarah Rosetta (1834–1916), Phillip David (P. D.) (1836–1909), born in Parramatta, twins Ephraim and Daniel (1838), who both died in infancy and were buried at the Devonshire Street Jewish Cemetery on 6 March and 19 March 1838, Lydia (1839–1913), Joseph (1840), Mondle Emanuel (1841), Elias Edward (1843), Louis (Lewis) Samuel (1845), Hannah (1846–1920), Simeon (1847), Abraham (1849–1910), David Solomon (1850), born in Parramatta, and Samuel Asher (1852–1913).
Sarah Rosetta (Lipman) married Alexander Fox, and their son, Emanuel Phillips Fox, became a distinguished Australian artist. P. D. Phillips became a well-known solicitor and an Australian Shakespearean scholar. Simeon represented the electorate of Dubbo in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1895 to 1904. He was also elected Mayor of Dubbo.
V. Cohen, ‘Rev. Solomon Phillips and his Descendants’, AJJHS, vol. 1, no. 3 (1940), p. 73f; Empire (Sydney), 10 June 1851; Launceston Examiner, 29 June 1844; A. S. Ellis, Elias and Rebecca Ellis: The Phillips Connections and some of their Descendants, privately printed, 1974; Sydney Morning Herald, 9 January 1845.
PHILLIPS, Susan (née MARKS)
b. London, 1818–1888
Free. Married; 6 children.
Susan Marks was the fourth child of Francis (née Levey) and Lyon Marks. She married Philip Phillips (q.v.) in England on 21 August 1839. They were in Melbourne by 1844. Philip Phillips drowned in 1851 and, in 1855, in Adelaide, Susan Phillips married Solomon Lawrence.
PHILLIPS, William
b. Liverpool, 1807
Mt Stewart Elphinstone (2), 1848; Convict; Sentenced to 10 years, Liverpool, 1844.
Married; Pawnbroker; Height: 160 cm; 1 child.
Jew. Can read and write. ‘Very bad connexions.’ William Phillips was sentenced for house breaking and stealing watches and jewellery. His father was Phillip Phillips, who lived in Liverpool and was born in Poland.
William Phillips arrived in Van Diemen's Land on 18 May 1848. Phillips was twice convicted for illegal hawking. A conditional pardon was granted on 28 December 1852. It was revoked on 8 July 1859. A conditional pardon was recommended for ‘a later date’.
CON 33/89; CON 14/38; CON 18/49.
PHILLIPSON, Montague Levi (né Jonas Moses Barnet LEVI)
b. London, 1818–1879
Eden, 1838; Free.
Married; Merchant; 7 children.
The children of Moses Philip Levi (1786–1817) and Sophia (née Phillips) (1787–1845) adopted the surname ‘Phillipson’. Jonas Moses Phillipson and his nephew, Philip Levi (q.v.), arrived in Adelaide on the Eden on 24 June 1838. Phillipson was therefore one of the early settlers in South Australia. Jonas Phillipson took ‘Montague’ as his first name. He was one of the original members of the ‘Adelaide Club’. In 1839 he was recorded as having bought five town allotments at Port Lincoln. Montague Levi Phillipson married Caroline Levi, his niece, in London, on 31 July 1839.
Montague Phillipson's son, Nathaniel Edmund Phillipson (q.v.), who pioneered the development of the cattle industry in northern Australia, was born in Adelaide in 1844. There were six daughters, among them Ellen, Sophia (born 27 November 1847), Jeanette (21 January 1850), and Fanny (April 1854). Only one of the daughters married.
Phillipson was one of the foremost early shipping agents in South Australia. However, on 6 March 1850, in the South Australian Register, ‘Montague Levi Phillipson, formerly of King William Street, Adelaide and now at St Mary's Village South Rd declares himself to be insolvent’.
Montague Levi Phillipson died in Adelaide on 2 January 1879. His wife Caroline died in Adelaide on 23 July 1889, at the age of sixty-nine.
South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register, 29 August 1839, 10 March 1847, 6 March 1850; Family Tree at SA Library; A. P. Joseph and K. J. Ireland, ‘The Family of Nathan ben Elijah’, AJJHS, vol. 7, no. 7 (1974), p. 513f.
PHILLIPSON, Nathaniel Edmund (Eliezer)
b. Adelaide, 1844–1898
Born in Adelaide in 1844, Nathaniel was the son of Montague Levi Phillipson (q.v.) and nephew of Philip Levi (q.v.). In 1862 he worked at Sir Thomas Elder's Umberatana Station. In the early 1870s he became joint manager of Elder, Smith and Co. He became managing director and largest share holder of the Beltana Pastoral Co., which was the northern part of Elder Smith. His career included learning the language of the Afghan camel drivers imported to develop the camel trade.
Nathaniel had married a Miss Zillah Levien in 1880, and in 1892 settled in Walkerville in Adelaide. N. E. Phillipson died on 18 August 1898.
Pritchard Index; research by Kingsley Ireland, Angaston, SA. Family notes by Owen Mace.
POLACK, Abraham
b. London, 1797–1873
Agamemnon, 1820; Convict; Sentenced to 7 years, Old Bailey, 1820.
Single; Merchant's clerk; Height: 179 cm; 3 children.
Fair ruddy complexion, dark brown hair, brown eyes. Abraham was the eldest son of the highly respected miniaturist and engraver Solomon Joel Polack and Sarah, and his family was said to have been one of the first Ashkenazi families to have settled in England. Abraham Polack accompanied a friend to an oyster shop after a night at the Drury Lane Theatre and stole the owner's watch while she was in another room with his friend. He was only arrested two months after the incident, and was sentenced on 17 February 1820. Polack's nephew, William Jones (q.v.), arrived as a convict on the Exmouth in 1831. Joel Samuel Polack (q.v.), a younger brother of Abraham, arrived in Sydney in 1827.
The Agamemnon arrived in New South Wales on 2 September 1820. In 1822 Polack wrote a petition to the Colonial Secretary asking for mercy and a mitigation of his sentence. He had been ‘confined for four months on board ship by severe sickness and 25 weeks at the General Hospital subsequent to arrival. His health continues precarious’. He wrote that he was ‘the son of a very respectable artist, a miniature painter in London. He served five years as an apprentice to a Mercantile House and was superintendent of a ship for two years in the Mediterranean trade with credit to himself and satisfaction to his owner Messrs Cropper Benson and Co of Liverpool. He was able to support himself without expense to the government as far as his state of health will admit’. He asked for a ticket of leave. His petition was accompanied by a medical certificate from William Bland, Surgeon, which stated that Polack had been in a bad state of health for the previous eighteen months. His request was refused.
In the 1822 General Muster of Convicts in New South Wales Abraham Polack was listed as a government servant assigned to Jacob Josephson (q.v.) in Pitt Street. His service was abruptly terminated when Polack testified to the police about Josephson's fraudulent disposal of property. Polack narrowly escaped being indicted for perjury and was saved by a technical dispute: ‘There was much difficulty in coming to the conclusion as to whether Polack had been sworn as a Hebrew or as a Christian. The Chief Justice observed that an oath taken by a Jew in a Court was as equally binding and as solemn, as that of a Christian’.
Polack, ‘clerk and shopman’, aged twenty-five, married Hannah Bryan, aged nineteen, the daughter of James and Annie Brian, at St Philip's, Sydney, on 27 September 1824 and his religious affiliation often seemed to change. One of the witnesses to the wedding was Simeon Lear (q.v.). Sarah Polack, their daughter, was born on 27 June 1825 and baptised on 24 July 1825 at St James' Church. Solomon (1827) and Isaac (1829) were Polack's two other children. Only Sarah would marry a Jew—George Barron Goodman (q.v.). A ticket of leave was granted to Polack in October 1824. James Hall testified that ‘it is our Certain belief’ that Polack was ‘an honest, sober and industrious character having served faithfully Mr Jacob Josephson from September 1820 to September 1824’. The following month Polack opened a grocery store at 6 Hunter Street and in 1825 he bought a sloop, Sally, which sailed south in an unsuccessful expedition in search of seals.
In 1826 he opened the Waterloo Shop, which Cooper and Levey assured the general public had no connection with their own Waterloo Warehouse. A certificate of freedom was issued on 17 February 1827. From 1827 to 1833 Polack held the licence of the London Tavern. In 1828 he petitioned the Governor to allow the Jews of Sydney to establish a synagogue. The petition was refused with the comment from Governor Darling: ‘It is hard, if they cannot procure some other representative. Put away’. On 16 February 1833 Polack announced that he had received a licence as a ‘Vendue Master’ and became an auctioneer, and within a very short time became Sydney's most prominent auctioneer. He purchased extensive land holdings. When Samuel Lyons (q.v.) temporarily retired from business in 1836, Polack took his place. He became one of the first subscribers to the Commercial Bank and he sold large parts of Solomon Levey's (q.v.) enormous estate. In 1836 he was elected president of the Sydney Synagogue and in 1839 was chairman of the building appeal, generously donating £400 to the building fund in his own name, the name of his wife and his three children.
In 1837 he handed over the auctioneering side of his business to James Ablett, alias Mr T. J. Wilson, to carry on the business at 74 George Street in the premises formerly occupied by V & E Solomon. In October 1839 Wilson left New South Wales having successfully stolen at least £50 000. The newspapers wrote ‘Speedy as his rise has been still more speedy was his downfall! … Before his departure however by some means yet inexplicable he had contrived to entangle a mercantile firm. On Wilson's arrival Mr Abraham Polack, the auctioneer, a wealthy Jewish emancipist took him by the hand, and became security’. Polack had been in London when the crash came, and returned to Sydney with his brother Joel Samuel Polack (q.v.). But the damage was too extensive and in May 1848 he was declared bankrupt. His creditors allowed him to keep ‘his wearing apparel’.
On 1 July 1848 he was able to renew his licence and resumed his career as auctioneer. An article in the Illustrated Sydney Advertiser quoted in London's Jewish Chronicle of 22 September 1854 credited him with being the first Australian businessman to send wheat to Valparaiso and the first individual to devise and to plan the establishment of railways in New South Wales. Sadly, tragedy awaited him. On 15 October 1860 he was charged at the Central Police Office for obtaining money under false pretences from the Sydney solicitor W. P. Moffat. Polack was convicted on 6 February 1861 for having swindled the solicitor of £140 by claiming to have been the owner of a property between George and Pitt streets. He was sentenced to three and half years hard labour on the roads. The sentence was soon changed to hard labour within the Darlinghurst Gaol ‘due to Abram [sic] Polack's health’.
Polack endured the prison sentence. He died on 12 June 1873. Mrs Hannah Polack died on 11 June 1873, and was buried as a Christian at Rookwood. They were survived by their two sons and their daughter. Elizabeth Poole (q.v.), one of Abraham Polack's sisters, was the wife of David Poole (q.v.). The other sister, Rebecca, was married to John Salmon, and was the mother of Alexander Salmon (q.v.), whose daughter was the last queen of Tahiti.
OBSP, 1819–29, case 418, p. 184; Agamemnon Indent 4/4007, p. 219; Petition 4/1763, p. 203; CS 4/1747, 4/1867, no. 15, 9 May 1822; Petition 48, in 4/1870; 4/1716.1, p. 250; Sydney Gazette, 17 February 1825, 13 February 1828, 18 February 1828, 3 February 1838; Australian, 14 April 1824, 20 January 1825, 23 June 1825, 25 November 1824, 9 December 1824, 23 June 1825, 20 March 1830, 1 January 1833, 17 January 1833; CF 041/6019; Sydney Chronicle, 18 April 1848; Port Phillip Herald, 10 January 1840; South Australia Gazette and Colonial Register, 6 May 1848; Bell's Life, 9 March 1850; G. F. J. Bergman, ‘Abraham Polack: Rise and Fall of a Jewish Emancipist’, AJJHS, vol. 7, no. 5 (1973), p. 348f.
Polack was convicted of ‘Highway robbery’. Together with an accomplice he took a quantity of cloth away from a 13-year-old messenger boy in a Whitechapel street. Its value was approximately £4. Asher Polack was sentenced to death at the Old Bailey Sessions on 13 January 1790, though this was later commuted to transportation for life.
Polack arrived in New South Wales in October 1791. In the 1814 Muster, Asher Polack was listed as a convict servant assigned to the Parramatta District. On 23 November 1814 Asher Pollock was sent to the Newcastle Penal Settlement for three years. He was still in Newcastle during the General Muster of 1820. According to the General Muster of Convicts in New South Wales he was working as an overseer of the water carts in Sydney in 1822. An Asher Polack was named in the 1828 Census as a carpenter at the Hyde Park Barracks. He died in the General Hospital, Sydney, on 24 September 1834 and was buried in the Devonshire Street Jewish Cemetery.
OBSP, 1789–90, case 159, p. 172; Albermarle Indent 4/4003, p. 378; A1225; HO 10/1; HO 10/13; 1814 Muster A1225; CS Copies of Letters Sent Within the Colony, 1814–15, Convicts sent to Newcastle, 23 November 1814, 4/3493.
POLACK, Joel Samuel
b. London, 1807–1882
Elizabeth, 1827; Free.
Single; Merchant and ship's chandler.
The younger brother of Abraham Polack (q.v.) and the son of the well-known engraver and miniaturist, Solomon Joel Polack and Sarah Polack, J. S. Polack arrived in Sydney on 27 April 1827. He briefly set himself up in business, and left in November to work in Madagascar as ‘Painter and Designer’ to the King of Madagascar. The King died shortly after Polack's arrival and he returned to New South Wales on the Chalcedony in 1830. In 1831 he moved to Hokianga on the west coast of the North Island of New Zealand and became one of the earliest European traders in both New Zealand and the islands of the South Pacific.
Polack returned to England in 1837 by way of Sydney and founded J. S. Polack & Co., ships' chandlers, at 7 George Street, selling charts of ‘near-by seas’ and basic commodities for ships. By 1838 he was in England and appeared before the Select Committee of the House of Lords that had been set up to inquire into the state of affairs of New Zealand. He was described as ‘a worthy and wandering offshoot of the tribe of Abraham’ and his testimony was scornfully belittled by the London Times on the grounds that Polack was a Jew and therefore could not to be believed. Polack was subsequently awarded £100 damages for libel. The following year Polack published a two-volume authoritative book, New Zealand: Being a Narrative of Travels and Adventures, which he skilfully illustrated, and in which he frequently noted similarities between Jewish law and Maori law and custom.
Polack served as United States Vice-Consul in Auckland from 1845 to 1848. With his brother Abraham Polack, he established a store, first at Hokianga and then Kororareka (Russell) at the Bay of Islands. He was present at the first land sale at Auckland. Polack remained at Kororareka, where his store and inn became the central focus of battle in the Maori War of 1845 and Polack was seriously wounded. Polack moved to Auckland and worked as a ship's broker and buyer of flax. James Busby, the British Government's Official Resident, hated Polack, who had manufactured New Zealand's first beer and sold it to the Maori: ‘He is universally detested here. The other settlers know that he is as great a rogue as the worst of them and he, forsooth, wants to play the gentleman amongst them. Confound the scamp that I should have taken up so much paper with him!’
J. S. Polack bought land in the first Melbourne land sale of 1847. His block was in Lonsdale Street, immediately behind the land set aside for a synagogue. Polack set up business in Sydney in 1849 advertising ‘Coloured Daguerreotypes’ at his rooms at 49 Hunter Street. Later that year Polack followed the gold rush to California and subsequently married Mrs Mary Hart in the United States. He died in San Francisco on 17 April 1882.
L. M. Goldman, The History of the Jews in New Zealand; G. F. J. Bergman, ‘Abraham Polack: Rise and Fall of a Jewish Emancipist’, AJJHS, vol. 7, no. 5 (1973), p. 349.
POLACK, Samuel (Solomon POLOCK)
b. London
Scarborough (2), 1790; Convict; Sentenced to life, Old Bailey, 1787.
‘Solomon Polock’ was indicted for stealing 60 yards of manchester cotton, which he took from the counter of a shop. A witness said that Polock had been acting suspiciously as he came out of the warehouse with the cloth. He was dressed as a porter. He was caught after a short chase through the city streets. He was sentenced to death on 10 January 1787, and held at Newgate for two and a half years before being among 100 convicts whose sentences were commuted. He was the son of the artist Solomon Joel Polack and brother of Abraham Polack (q.v.) and Joel Samuel Polack (q.v.).
Polack arrived in Sydney on 28 June 1790. He escaped from Sydney on the Matilda in December 1792 with a crew of twenty-eight men and boys. The ship was on the way to the Marquesas Islands and ran aground on a reef near Tahiti on 25 February 1792. Most of the crew managed to reach Tahiti in boats. Captain William Bligh on the Providence took the survivors on board in April. He wrote that he ‘took note of sailors' names and a person who I am informed was transported for life to Port Jackson, called Samuel Pollent [sic], escaped in the Matilda, remains also on the islands, but I could get no further information about him, than that he was a Jew’. A missionary, the Rev. Dr Thomas Haweis, told a similar story from Tahiti: ‘At Otahate I found several Englishmen who had been shipwrecked. They had been there about twelve months one of them who they said was a Jew … There is also one of the convicts. He got there from Botany Bay. They seem to live at their ease!’
OBSP, 1786–87, case 176, p. 263; Rev. Dr T. Haweis, ms, ML, A1963; Wm Bligh, Log of HMS Providence, ML, A564.
POLACK, Sarah
b. Sydney, 1825
Sarah was the daughter of Abraham Polack (q.v.) and his wife Hannah. On 4 April 1843 the first letter book of the Sydney Synagogue recorded that Abraham Polack's application for his daughter Sarah to be married in a Jewish ceremony was ‘met with entire approbation’. She married George Barron Goodman (q.v.).
POLLARD, Lewis
b. Bishopsgate, 1814
Waterloo, 1835; Convict; Sentenced to 7 years, Westminster, 1834.
Married; Labourer; Height: 166 cm; 1 child.
Pale complexion, oval full face, black hair, hazel eyes, medium long nose, high forehead. Lewis Pollard had been in prison before as the result of a ‘row’. He was sentenced at Westminster, on 25 August 1834, to transportation for robbing a woman of a box at a market. Pollard was married and lived at Bishopsgate with his wife Frances and one child. The surgeon reported that his behaviour on board ship was ‘quiet and orderly’.
On 6 July 1835, while working with the Public Works Department, Lewis Pollard was admonished for fighting. On 29 November 1835 he was put in irons for fourteen days for ‘neglecting work’. By 10 June 1836 he was working as an assigned servant, when he was found to be drunk and spent four hours in the stocks. He remained on assigned service, with two minor misdemeanours, until 18 April 1849 when he was granted a certificate of freedom (no. 939).
CON 31/35, no. 1113; CON 18/21, Description Book.
POOLE, David
b. London, 1776–1859
Sarah, 1828; Free.
Married; Attorney and solicitor; 3 children.
David Poole was admitted to the King's Bench, Westminster, in 1795. He lived at Old Broad Street in the City of London. Poole arrived in Sydney on 31 July 1828 with his wife Elizabeth (née Polack) (q.v.), aged twenty-seven, and their children, David jnr (q.v.), aged eight, Sarah, aged four, and Amelia, aged two. Elizabeth Poole was the sister of Abraham Polack (q.v.). Poole was already fifty-two years of age when he came out to Australia. He was the only member of the legal profession in Australia who was Jewish.
Poole was admitted as a barrister, solicitor attorney and proctor of the Supreme Court of New South Wales on 15 August 1828. Five days after he was admitted, Rebecca Levi (q.v.), the widow of Walter Jacob Levi (q.v.), asked Poole to be her proctor. In March 1829 he represented Esther Johnston (Esther Abrahams, q.v.) when she was arraigned in court by her son Robert.
The Poole family was listed on the 1828 Census as ‘Protestant’. They lived in Castlereagh Street. Poole practised as a solicitor in Sydney and refused the post of Solicitor General in 1830. He was deputy chairman of the Australian Steam Conveyance Co. (1833), director of the Australian Wheat Co. (1835), and director of the Sydney Gas Co. (1836). Poole took a leading role at a meeting of the Patriotic Association in Sydney on 1 June 1835 that advocated a bicameral parliamentary system. He was a leading freemason in Sydney and agent for the new colony of Victoria in January 1840. Poole served as the honorary solicitor of the congregation in 1839 and during the years of the York Street Synagogue's construction he donated £50 to the building appeal.
In 1841 the new Sydney Synagogue's committee presented Poole with a ‘handsome silver salver in gratitude for his services’ to the congregation. He stood unsuccessfully for the Sydney Municipal Council in 1842. He told the electors ‘I refer to what I have already accomplished for the City's advancement and prosperity, namely the introduction of steam vessels on our river and shares that useful help to our comfort and protection, the Gas Light, a company which was formed greatly with my help and protection’. In 1843 he was elected auditor for the City of Sydney's Brisbane Ward. He maintained close links with Tahiti, where his cousin-in-law Alexander Salmon (q.v.) lived. In 1845 Poole went to England. On the way home he was admitted to the Bar in Van Diemen's Land on 30 May 1845. He lived at 18 Davey Street, Hobart Town, and applied to practise as a solicitor, describing himself as ‘formerly of Old Broad Street, in the City of London, gentleman, one of the attorneys of the Queen's Bench at Westminster, Solicitor of the High Court of Chancery, late of George and Castlereagh Streets, Sydney’. With his wife and two daughters he joined the new Hobart Town congregation while he was in Tasmania. He was allotted seat no. 10, paying £5 to the synagogue but refusing to be called to the Torah at Simchat Torah, for which he was fined one guinea. He refused to pay but in January 1846 gave the synagogue £5 in cash as a parting shot before he left the colony. Poole appeared in the London Directory 1851 as a solicitor at 27 Albany Street, Regent's Park. Poole died in London on 31 October 1859.
G. F. J. Bergman, ‘David Poole: The First Jewish Lawyer in Australia’, AJJHS, vol. 7, no. 3 (1972), p. 239f; Colonial Times, 19 March 1830; Sydney Gazette, 30 January 1834, 5 June 1834, 10 December 1835, 16 April 1836, 2 June 1835, 12 September 1842; Voice of Jacob (London) 1841, p. 22; Hobart Town Courier, 24 May 1845.
POOLE, David jnr
b. London, 1820–1865
Sarah, 1828; Free.
Single.
David Poole jnr came to New South Wales with his siblings and parents in 1828. He grew up in Sydney. In 1839 David Poole jnr was dismissed by his employer, Mr G. Ralston of Bathurst. In a subsequent law case Ralston was fined five shillings for having assaulted Poole snr at the Royal Hotel. In 1841 Poole jnr went to live in Tahiti, where Alexander Salmon (q.v.), the son of his aunt, Rebecca (née Polack), lived. Alexander Salmon was married to a Tahitian princess. At the same time David's sisters and parents went to Hobart Town. The Sydney Gazette reported: ‘Mr David Poole has been honoured by the Queen of Tahiti with the public and private seal. This favour has conferred to Mr Poole the office of Lord Chancellor and Lord Privy Seal of her sable Majesty’. David Poole jnr arrived in Sydney as a cabin passenger on the Emma Prescott from Tahiti on 17 February 1852, and left Sydney a month later. He returned to Tahiti and his name appeared on an address to the French rear admiral who began the French occupation of the islands.
Poole eventually returned to England and became a ‘coffee-house keeper’. When he died, on 9 June 1865, he left assets valued at less than £200.
G. F. J. Bergman, ‘David Poole: The First Jewish Lawyer in Australia’, AJJHS, vol. 7, no. 3 (1972), p. 239f; Sydney Gazette, 5 July 1842.
POOLE, Elizabeth (née POLACK)
b. London
Sarah, 1828; Free.
Married.
Elizabeth was the wife of David Poole (q.v.), and the sister of Abraham Polack (q.v.).
PYKE, Woolf Lewis (Ze'ev)
Free.
Single; Dealer; 6 children.
Woolf Lewis Pyke, the son of Eliezer Pyke of London, married Rosetta (Rosa) Moss (q.v.), the daughter of Marcus and Abigail Warschauer (q.v.) and sister of George Moss (q.v.), on 8 August 1844. A child was born in Sydney on 11 October 1845. Pyke was a seat holder in the new York Street Synagogue in 1845. He went bankrupt during the first half of that year. The Sydney Chronicle wrote: ‘The insolvent attributes his insolvency to dullness in trade and losses sustained in his business’. He was listed in Low's Directory of the City and District of Sydney, 1847, as a tailor and cap-maker at 80 York Street.
Pyke apparently left his wife and family in the 1850s and went to live in New Zealand. Rosetta, known as Rosa, died aged ninety-seven on 5 March 1914. Woolf and Rosa had six children: Charlotte (1845), born in Sydney, Abraham (1847), Alexander (1849), born in Queanbeyan, and Lewis and twins, Amelia and George (1857), who were born in Bathurst.
Sydney Chronicle, 17 June 1848.