Notes
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN NOTES:
FGDN: Fear God and Dread Nought: Correspondence of Admiral of the Fleet Lord Fisher, ed. A. J. Marder, 3 vols., London: Jonathan Cape, 1952–59.
L and V: Hough, Richard. Louis and Victoria: The Family History of the Mountbattens. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 1974.
CHAPTER 1: JULY 1914
3 “Ha ha! The mailed fist”: Cowles, 242.
4 “talks with great energy”: Topham, 226.
4 “If he laughs”: Balfour, 138.
4 “We Hohenzollerns”: Ibid., 154.
4 “our old ally”: Ibid., 155.
4 “You have sworn loyalty to Me”: Nichols, 130.
4 “There will be no quarter”: Balfour, 226–27.
5 “not false but fickle”: Bülow, II, 555.
5 “Whenever I have to go”: Ibid.
5 “lumbering monstrosity”: Raeder, 33.
5 “brother officers”: Zedlitz, 176.
5 “I don’t care for women”: Topham, 230.
6 “two clean, cold sheets”: Davis, 204.
6 “the damned family”: Bülow, I, 544.
6 “I had a peculiar passion”: William II, 229.
6 “When as a little boy”: Bülow, II, 36.
6 “Heavy on the water”: William II, 49.
7 “The Regatta used to be”: Eckardstein, 55.
7 “Now, Rhodes, tell me”: “The Widow,” Intimacies, 193.
7 “a very nice boy”: Tuchman, Guns of August, 2.
7 “Dearest Nicky . . . Your affectionate Willy”: Massie, Nicholas and Alex-andra, 83.
7 “the tsar is only fit to live”: Newton, 199.
8 “We must seize the trident”: Balfour, 206.
8 “Between 1864 and 1870”: Tirpitz, I, 13, 15.
9 “a collection of experiments”: Ibid., 129.
9 “Fancy wearing the same uniform”: Lee, I, 654.
10 “It never even occurred”: Bülow, I, 513.
10 “Without a superior fleet”: E. L. Woodward, 374.
11 “dangerous little Serbian viper”: Mansergh, 132.
11 “I constantly wonder”: Spender, 399.
11 “The Slavs were born to serve”: Ibid., 363.
11 “If His Majesty the Emperor”: Ibid., 364.
11 “Terrible shock”: Rose, 167.
12 “Should a war”: Geiss, 77.
12 “the possibility of its acceptance”: Ibid., 114.
13 “joyful duty”: Cecil, II, 207.
13 “a nation in the European sense”: Geiss, 183.
13 “That’s a pretty strong note”: Görlitz, 5.
13 “operational briefing”: Ibid., 6.
13 “I received verbal orders”: Goldrick, 6.
14 “I explained the latest telegram”: Görlitz, 6.
14 “My fleet has orders to sail”: Cecil, II, 203.
14 “A brilliant achievement”: Geiss, 222.
15 Two days before: For the conversation between George V and Prince Henry, see Nicholson, 245–46.
15 “I have the word of a king”: Tirpitz, I, 361.
17 “First Fleet squadrons all disperse”: Goldrick, 6.
17 “the most formidable document”: Mansergh, 225.
17 “Happily there seems to be no reason”: Asquith, Letters to Venetia, 123.
17 “ministers with their weekend holidays”: Hough, L and V, 280.
17 “I went down to the beach”: Churchill, I, 197.
18 “do whatever was necessary”: Ibid., 198.
18 “No ships of the First Fleet”: Gilbert, I, 50.
18 “The British fleet is preparing”: Churchill, I, 210.
19 “others of whom”: Ibid., 211.
19 “and therefore if possible”: Ibid., 200, 211–12.
19 At 5:00 that evening: Ibid., 212.
19 “We may now picture this great fleet”: Ibid., 212–13.
20 “I feared”: Ibid., 212.
20 “He looked at me”: Churchill, Great Contemporaries, 123.
20 “We looked at each other”: Ibid., 212–13.
20 “I told him what we had done”: Ibid., 213.
20 “the movements of the fleet are free”: Ibid.
21 “Many do not know much more”: Bülow, I, 391.
21 “There was not much margin here”: Churchill, I, 243.
23 “In view of present circumstances”: Hough, The Great Dreadnought, 121.
23 “The Turkish battleships were vital”: Churchill, I, 209.
25 “In view of our ultimatum”: Ibid., 227.
25 “Commence hostilities”: Ibid., 229.
25 “The collier’s winches suddenly stopped”: Dewar, 161.
CHAPTER 2: GOEBEN IS YOUR OBJECTIVE
27 “would easily be able to avoid the French”: Churchill, I, 222–23.
27 “A droop-jawed, determined little man”: Robert James, 9.
29 “We did not plead much”: McLaughlin, 54.
30 “the African coast”: Kopp, 23.
30 “like an armadillo”: Marder, I, 55.
31 “Your first task”: Churchill, I, 222–24.
31 “Goeben must be shadowed”: Ibid., 223.
31 “Watch on mouth of Adriatic”: Ibid., 224.
31 “Very good. Hold her”: Ibid.
31 “to prevent Goeben leaving”: McLaughlin, 49.
32 “a backstairs cad . . . a sneak”: Fisher, FGDN, II, 360.
32 “a serpent of the lowest type”: Ibid., 418.
32 “Sir Berkeley Mean”: Ibid., 447.
32 “went to Balmoral”: Ibid., 418.
32 “Winston has sacrificed the country”: Ibid., 458.
32 “I fear this must be my last communication”: Ibid., 451–52.
33 “Use Malta as if it were Toulon”: Churchill, I, 229.
33 “break in upon”: Ibid., 222.
33 “in quest of his colleague”: Hough, Great War, 71.
34 “The idea of turning about”: McLaugh-lin, 56.
34 “sowing death and panic”: Ibid.
34 “Our trick succeeded brilliantly”: Kopp, 24.
34 “like a giant azure bell”: Ibid., 27.
35 “giant grey monsters”: Ibid., 28.
35 “not French ships”: McLaughlin, 60.
35 “The overheated air”: Kopp, 30.
36 “Goeben . . . is evidently going to interfere”: Churchill, I, 224.
36 “Winston with all his war paint on”: Asquith, Letters to Venetia, 150–51.
36 “no act of war”: Churchill, I, 225.
36 “the tortures of Tantalus”: Ibid., 226.
36 “unable to utter a word”: Ibid., 227.
36 “Sent hands to tea”: McLaughlin, 59.
37 “Goeben out of sight”: Hough, Great War, 74.
37 “for the last time”: McLaughlin, 67.
37 “With a heavy heart”: Ibid., 68.
38 “Numerous Sicilians”: Ibid.
38 “At present time”: Ibid., 69.
38 “It was impossible for me”: Ibid.
39 “Italian government have declared neutrality”: Churchill, I, 226.
40 “Had it been put to me”: Ibid., 250.
40 “Certainly if . . . [Milne]”: Ibid., 254.
40 “Is Austria neutral power”: McLaughlin, 66.
40 “First Cruiser Squadron and Gloucester”: Ibid.
41 “Goeben altering course to southward”: Ibid., 71.
42 the Silver King: Ibid., 32.
42 “the handsomest officer”: Ibid., 105.
42 “met Mrs. Troubridge in the Abbey”: Ibid., 30.
42 “they must not be surprised”: Ibid., 74.
43 For Troubridge’s conversations with Wray, see Ibid., 76–77.
43 “I cannot turn away”: Marder, II, 26.
43 “Being only able to meet Goeben”: McLaughlin, 78.
44 “Why did you not continue”: Ibid.
44 “With visibility at the time”: Ibid.
45 “gradually . . . drop astern”: Corbett, I, 66.
45 “Have engaged at long range”: Hough, Great War, 77.
45 “Commence hostilities at once”: Marder, II, 30.
46 “Negative my telegram”: Hough, Great War, 81.
46 “Indispensable military necessity”: Tuchman, Guns of August, 157.
47 “Enter. Demand surrender”: McLaugh-lin, 84.
47 “Action Stations”: Kopp, 66.
47 “Request pilot”: Ibid., 67.
47 “Please follow me”: Ibid., 68.
48 “They are to allow them to enter” and “Yes”: Kannengiesser, 26.
48 “interesting,” but that “as we shall insist”: Asquith, Letters to Venetia, 168.
48 “temporarily and superficially”: Tuchman, Guns of August, 159.
49 “I have even more terrible news for you”: Morgenthau, 81.
49 “we could not afford to do without”: Churchill, I, 29.
49 “insolent,” “defiant,” and “openly fraudulent”: Ibid., 491.
50 “more slaughter, more misery and ruin”: Churchill I, 252.
50 “careful examination . . . their Lordships approved”: Milne, 146.
51 “Your sole duty”: Churchill, I, 491.
51 “amazing misconduct”: McLaughlin, 108.
51 “signally failed”: Ibid., 107–8.
51 “had a very fair chance”: Ibid., 111.
51 “did, from negligence”: Ibid., 112.
51 “Do not be brought to action”: Churchill, I, 222.
51 “fixed and unalterable opinion”: McLaughlin, 110.
51 Troubridge and Milne: Marder, II, 34.
51 “he had no intention to engage”: McLaughlin, 111.
52 “All I could gain”: Ibid., 107.
52 “deep conviction”: Ibid., 133.
52 “a desperate one”: Ibid.
52 “It was at this psychological moment”: Marder, II, 27.
53 “the limited ammunition of Goeben”: Churchill, I, 251.
53 “Up to the range of sixteen thousand yards”: McLaughlin, 120.
53 “superior force . . . fully and honorably”: Ibid., 145.
54 “Sir Berkeley Goeben”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 52.
54 “this most disastrous event”: Ibid., 53.
54 “an amateur on shore”: Milne, 16.
54 “They pay me to be an admiral”: Hough, Great War, 84.
55 “Even if all our ships had been sunk”: Pope, 197.
CHAPTER 3: JELLICOE
56 “the only man on either side”: Churchill, III, 112.
56 “Jellicoe to be Admiralissimo”: Fisher, FGDN, II, 424.
57 “If war comes before 1914”: Ibid., 443.
57 “our beloved Commander-in-Chief”: Marder, II, 10.
57 “really does too much”: Fisher, FGDN, II, 418–19.
58 “one of the cleverest cadets”: Winton, 12.
58 “Jellicoe was admired”: Goldrick, in The Great Admirals, ed. Sweetman, 365.
58 “Property of Admiral Sir John Jellicoe”: Bacon, Jellicoe, 8.
58 “swam with extraordinary vigor”: Bacon, Jellicoe, 53.
59 “I felt the shock”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 10.
60 “I don’t think I shall ever forget”: Bacon, Jellicoe, 113.
61 “one of the five best brains”: Winton, 101.
61 “far greater protection”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 13.
61 “I had a decided admiration”: Ibid., 22.
62 “On my way to Keil”: Ibid., 15.
62 “I think it shows”: Ibid., 17.
63 “If one asks English naval officers”: Marder, I, 410.
63 “It did not take me very long”: Jellicoe Papers, 26–27.
63 “He thanked me”: Ibid., 30.
64 “certainly one of the future leaders”: Ibid.
64 “brilliant and daring”: Ibid., 29.
65 “War with Germany”: Bacon, Jellicoe, 190.
65 “in certain circumstances”: Jellicoe, Grand Fleet, 3.
66 “I had the most profound respect”: Ibid., 5.
66 “the fleet might conclude”: Ibid.
67 “These are not times”: Gilbert, I, 60.
67 “respectfully and most earnestly”: Winton, 142.
67 “We have absolute confidence”: Ibid.
67 For the messages between Churchill and Jellicoe, see Jellicoe Papers, I, 41–42.
68 “When I reported myself”: Jellicoe, Grand Fleet, 4.
69 “as always, a most gallant officer”: Ibid., 5.
70 “would cause unprecedented disaster”: Beatty Papers, I, 112.
70 “We received the terrible news”: Beatty Papers, I, 113.
70 “Your feelings do you credit”: Churchill, I, 218.
70 “I hope I never have to live”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 48.
70 “My dear Jellicoe”: Bacon, Jellicoe, 202.
71 “Look here, old chap”: Ibid., 203.
CHAPTER 4: FIRST DAYS
72 “the principal object”: Marder, I, 367.
73 “a steady and serious”: Ibid., 371.
73 “In a war with Germany”: Ibid., II.3.
73 “Great Britain cannot help”: Ibid., I, 431.
73 “Owing to recent”: Ibid., 424.
73 “so long as”: Ibid., II, 3.
76 “As it is”: Ibid., I. 372–73.
76 “Before the war”: Dewar, 152.
76 “There was only one”: Scheer, 11.
76 “equalization of forces”: Groos, I. 54.
77 “dropping things overboard”: Patterson, Tyrwhitt, 46.
77 “the first British shot in the war”: Keyes, Memoirs, I, 68.
78 “if we go up on a mine”: Goldrick, 66.
78 “The foremost half of the ship”: Ibid., 67.
79 “stagger out of the chart house”: Keyes, Memoirs, I, 70.
79 “the strong odor of petroleum”: Groos, I, 233.
79 “Tomorrow, Sunday,”: Churchill, I, 256.
80 “In the years”: Tuchman, Guns of August, 121.
80 “contemptible little army”: Patterson, Jellicoe, 61.
80 “The more English”: Tuchman, Guns of August, 121.
81 “We grudged every light cruiser”: Churchill, I, 286–87.
81 “the mother country”: Bean, I, 16.
82 “without the loss of a single ship”: Churchill, I, 305.
CHAPTER 5: BEATTY
84 “For no apparent reason”: Chalmers, 122–23.
84 “observe the private unhappiness”: Barnett, 135.
86 “free ranging”: Charles Beatty, 34.
87 “Some months ago”: Chalmers, 75–76.
87 “So great is the joy”: Ibid.
87 “Dear Arthur”: Charles Beatty, 40.
87 “wilful and beautiful”: Tree, 16.
87 “divorce crushed my father’s spirit”: Ibid., 18.
87 “Your mother has sent me”: Ibid., 26.
88 “You have done a great deal of grumbling”: Beatty Papers, I, 11.
88 “My darling Tata”: Ibid., 8.
88 “Well, love”: Chalmers, 118.
89 “J-aaack”: Charles Beatty, 42.
89 “What? Court Martial my David”: Leslie, 211.
89 “I have thought for a long time”: Beatty Papers, 15.
89 “beautiful, opulent, ambitious”: Roskill, 36.
89 “the most unhappy man”: Ibid.
89 “We have eight admirals”: Beatty Papers, 23.
89 “As you know, ‘Lion’ and I”: Ibid., 16–17.
90 “I felt as if I was an ogre”: Beatty Papers, 30–31.
90 “Rear Admiral Beatty”: Chalmers, 105.
90 “David must have known”: Charles Beatty, 57.
90 “Mum, Mum, come”: Chalmers, 111.
90 “made no secret”: Charles Beatty, 57.
90 “My little lady”: Roskill, 45.
91 “David was threatening to leave the Navy”: Ibid., 43–44.
91 “The fact is that the Admiralty”: Beatty Papers, 34.
92 “The vessel was commanded”: Churchill, My Early Life, 178–79.
92 “You are quite right”: Beatty Papers, 11–12.
92 “I see in the papers”: Ibid., 28.
92 “You seem very young”: Morgan, 322.
92 “My first meeting”: Churchill, I, 88.
92 “I had two hours solid conversation”: Beatty Papers, 35.
92 “I hope to be able to squeeze”: Ibid., 65.
93 “Oh dear, I am so tired”: Ibid., 46.
93 “viewed naval strategy”: Churchill, I, 88.
93 “I had no doubts”: Ibid.
93 “a love of doing everything”: Chalmers, 116.
93 “a nice old thing”: Ibid., 124.
94 “You must not bother”: Beatty Papers, 66.
95 “There seems to be something wrong”: Chatfield, 143.
96 “I have often been asked”: Goodenough, 91.
CHAPTER 6: THE BATTLE OF THE BIGHT
97 “We are still wandering”: Beatty Papers, I, 120.
97 “What is the Navy doing” and “offensive measures”: Roskill, Beatty, 82.
97 “When are we going to make war”: Keyes, Memoirs, I, 76.
98 “simple and daring”: Churchill, I, 308.
98 “too fully occupied”: Keyes, Memoirs, I, 80.
98 “gave me an opportunity”: Ibid., 81.
99 “damned slow”: Patterson, Tyrwhitt, 41.
99 “from the oldest and slowest”: Ibid., 54.
100 “a destroyer sweep”: Chalmers, 142.
100 “Propose to cooperate”: Goldrick, 85.
100 “Until I know the plan of operations”: Ibid.
100 “Cooperation by battle fleet”: Ibid., 86.
100 “We are to rendezvous”: Chalmers, 143.
101 “Are you taking part”: Ibid.
101 The German defensive arrangements in the Heligoland Bight are described in Groos, I, 131–33.
102 “Attacked by enemy cruisers”: Goldrick, 88.
103 “hunt destroyers”: Ibid.
104 “were in boiling water”: Groos, I, 150.
105 “as a sample”: Corbett, II, 109.
106 “Please chase westward”: Goldrick, 97.
106 “Cruisers are our cruisers”: Ibid.
106 “I was not informed”: Beatty Papers, I, 126.
106 “I came under detailed orders”: Goldrick, 98.
107 “to cut off the retreat”: Groos, I, 175.
107 “We received a very severe and most accurate fire”: Chalmers, 145–46.
108 “Am attacked by large cruiser”: Beatty Papers, I, 124.
108 “a hornets’ nest”: Marder, II, 51.
108 “intercepting various signals”: Beatty Papers, I, 129.
109 “What do you think we should do”: Chatfield, 134.
109 “Am proceeding to your support”: Goldrick, 101.
109 “heavy smoke clouds”: Groos, I, 176.
109 “very wisely fled like a stag”: King-Hall, 54.
109 “Even in the act”: Goldrick, 102.
110 “furrowed”: King-Hall, 55.
110 “The ship reared”: Groos, I, 179.
110 “We closed down on her”: King-Hall, 55.
110 “Mainz was incredibly brave”: Chalmers, 146.
110 “The state of Mainz”: Groos, I, 178–79.
110 “Sink the ship”: Ibid., 177.
111 “A young German officer”: Keyes, Memoirs, I, 88.
111 “I really was beginning to feel a bit blue”: Marder, II, 52.
111 “Following in each other’s wake”: King-Hall, 57.
111 “There straight ahead of us”: Chalmers, 146.
112 “As we approached”: Chatfield, 125.
112 “The turrets swung around”: Ibid.
113 “A small German ship”: Ibid.
113 “the first salvo fell”: Goldrick, 106.
113 “completely enveloped”: Groos, I, 185.
113 “The Admiral told me”: Chatfield, 126.
113 “drifting among corpses”: Groos, I, 218.
114 “not to engage”: Ibid., 193.
114 “At 8:23 p.m.”: Ibid., 198.
115 “It seems your anchor”: Chalmers, 152.
115 “The end justified the means”: Marder, II, 52.
115 “We had a great reception”: Ibid.
116 “the only action which was possible”: Ibid.
116 “It was good work”: Beatty Papers, I, 121.
116 “Poor devils”: Chalmers, 152–53.
116 “I had thought I should have received”: Ibid., 154.
116 “It really was awfully fine”: Patterson, Tyrwhitt, 62–63.
116 “I think an absurd fuss”: Keyes Papers, I, 19.
117 “I think it right to tell you”: Ibid., 17–18.
118 “a greater expenditure of ammunition”: Chatfield, 127.
118 “The battle was of immense”: Marder, II, 54.
118 “It was no great naval feat”: Chatfield, 126.
118 “Enemy battle cruiser squadron”: Groos, I, 283.
119 “the long-suppressed battle ardor”: Ibid., 210.
119 “However heavy the losses”: Ibid., 216.
120 “the larger part”: Ibid., 215.
120 “hold itself back”: Bennett, Naval Battles, 151.
120 “in his anxiety”: Goldrick, 115.
120 “August 28”: Tirpitz, II, 91.
120 “on the approach of the English”: Ibid., 92–93.
121 “They knew we were coming”: Chalmers, 154.
121 “[We] could not go messing about”: Marder, II, 55.
121 “The Germans knew nothing”: Churchill, I, 309.
CHAPTER 7: SUBMARINES AND MINES: “FISHER’S TOYS”
122 “water conducts shock”: Keegan, The Price of Admiralty, 97.
123 “Death near”: Fisher, Records, 177–78.
123 “playthings” and “Fisher’s toys”: Marder, Anatomy, 559.
123 “un-English”: Ibid., 368
123 “underhanded method of attack”: Mackay, 298.
124 “I shall be very disappointed”: Fisher, FGDN, I, 366.
124 “the cleverest officer in the navy”: Marder, I, 83.
124 “exercised an extraordinary influence”: Marder, Anatomy, 366.
125 “dressed like North Sea fishermen”: Keyes, I, 47.
125 “I note by examining”: Hough, Great War, 174.
125 “the notoriously short, steep seas”: Keyes, Memoirs, I, 102.
126 “Under the circumstances”: Goldrick, 121.
126 “We have no money to waste”: Hough, Great War, 169.
126 “for experiments connected with submarines”: Ibid., 170.
126 “her employment”: Ibid.
127 “Our submarine fleet”: Gray, 28.
129 “Think of . . .”: Keyes, Memoirs, 76–77.
129 “the ‘live bait’ squadron”: Churchill, I, 323.
130 “My dear fellow”: Marder, II, 57.
130 “The Bacchantes ought not to continue”: Churchill, I, 324.
130 “I should not have given in”: Kerr, 248.
130 “Still rather rough”: Goldrick, 127.
132 “Oh, no. I have only broken one arm”: Hoehling, 42.
133 “three cruisers”: Thomas, 18.
133 “I could see their gray-black sides”: Hoehling, 48.
133 “to make my aim sure”: Ibid.
133 “a dull thud”: Thomas, 20.
134 “Abandon ship”: Corbett, I, 175.
134 “the sun shining on pink”: Hoehling, 50.
134 “a terrific crash”: Ibid.
135 “This time we were so bold”: Thomas, 24.
135 “Aboukir and Hogue sinking”: Corbett, I, 174.
135 “a sudden explosion”: Hoehling, 52.
135 “Keep cool, my lads”: Ibid., 54.
136 “Knowing where they were supposed to be”: Patterson, Tyrwhitt, 73.
136 “It was very difficult”: Hoehling, 55.
136 “They looked just like rows and rows of swallows”: Patterson, Tyrwhitt, 73.
136 “men climbed like ants”: Thomas, 25.
136 “She careened far over”: Gray, 36.
137 “On 22 September”: Groos, II, 56.
137 “It is well-known”: The Times (London), September 25, 1914, 8.
137 “of no great value”: Churchill, I, 326.
137 “We heard Aboukir crying out”: Beatty Papers, I, 136.
138 “It was pure murder”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 61.
138 “The disaster . . . followed”: Churchill, I, 326.
138 “One would expect senior officers”: Ibid., 327.
138 “a cruiser patrol”: Marder, II, 58.
138 “were placed in a cruel position”: Ibid., 55.
138 “that most of the officers concerned”: Churchill, I, 327.
138 “If one ship is torpedoed”: Goldrick, 133.
140 “indiscriminate and distinctly barbarian”: Marder, II, 72.
140 “cowardly weapon” and “the weapon of the weak”: Ibid., 70.
143 “We can only approve”: Scheer, 62.
144 “It is suicidal”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 71.
144 “rely to a great extent”: Ibid., 75.
144 “This may and probably will”: Ibid., 76.
145 “full confidence in your contemplated conduct”: Marder, II, 76.
CHAPTER 8: “SHALL WE BE HERE IN THE MORNING?”
146 “The Grand Fleet was uneasy”: Churchill, I, 380.
148 “Don’t spend another penny”: Marder, Anatomy, 467.
148 “I got Rosyth delayed”: Fisher, Memories, 193.
148 “I have always been ‘dead on’ for Cromarty”: Ibid., 214.
148 “of the utmost gravity”: Marder, I, 421.
149 “a great seawater lake”: Hewison, 6.
150 “The great majority of the men”: Ibid., 52.
151 “Having to choose between the two”: Ibid., 57.
151 “The Admiralty have been so frequently charged”: Ibid.
152 “I often wondered”: Jellicoe, Grand Fleet, 29.
153 “I can only imagine”: Ibid., 30–31.
153 “It appeared to me”: Ibid., 30.
154 “No one, we believed”: Churchill, I, 381.
154 “prepare for a torpedo attack”: Hewison, 69.
154 “No trace of a submarine”: Jellicoe, Grand Fleet, 118.
155 “the fleet could not remain at a base”: Ibid.
155 “I long for a submarine defense at Scapa”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 73.
155 “Shall we be here in the morning”: Scott, 276.
155 “I think it is right that you should know”: Churchill, I, 389–91.
156 “Every effort will be made”: Ibid., 391–92.
157 “In pre-war days”: Jellicoe, Grand Fleet, 79.
157 “No one seriously contemplated”: Churchill, I, 381–82.
157 “Reproach has been levelled”: Ibid., 383.
158 “I interpreted my duty”: Ibid., 240
160 “It seems to be impossible”: FGDN, III, 131.
CHAPTER 9: PRINCE LOUIS DEPARTS
163 “We are only playing at war”: Chalmers, 161.
163 “Winston, I hear”: Beatty Papers, I, 118.
163 “If he would either leave”: Marder, II, 83.
163 “If we only had a Kitchener”: Beatty Papers, I, 144.
164 “waving his stick”: Gilbert, I, 173.
165 “undertake command”: Ibid., 176.
165 “What we desire”: Ibid., 197.
165 “I can’t tell you”: Asquith, Letters to Venetia, 274.
165 “such a darned fool”: Marder, II, 85.
166 “a remarkably nice boy”: Brough, 88.
166 “stick it out a bit longer”: Hough, L and V, 66.
167 “My dearest Georgie”: Ibid., 111.
167 “I hate the idea”: Marder, I, 406.
168 “German princeling” and “court favorite”: Hough, L and V, 161.
168 “I am sure you must miss”: Ibid., 163.
168 “She hopes and expects”: Ibid., 171.
168 “perhaps the outstanding officer”: Chatfield, 84.
169 “There are literally hundreds”: Marder, I, 407.
169 “He is the ablest officer”: Randolph Churchill, II, 534.
169 “more English than the English”: Fisher, FGDN, II, 398.
169 “if his name had been Smith”: Randolph Churchill, 534.
169 “There is no one else”: Hough, L and V, 301.
170 “All my experience at the Admiralty”: Randolph Churchill, II, 630.
170 “unworthy of the royal mind”: Gretton, 88.
170 “We met every day”: Churchill, I, 241.
170 “It happened in a large number of cases”: Ibid.
170 “I accepted full responsibility”: Ibid., 240.
171 “Quite concur”: Marder, II, 88.
171 “court favorite”: Hough, L and V, 88.
171 “I heard by chance”: Marder, II, 86–87.
171 “I have never known more malignant rancour”: Hough, L and V, 196.
172 “Should a German boss our navy”: Ibid., 246.
172 “to live more in England”: Kerr, 126.
172 “never understood”: Ibid., 335.
172 “Sir, when I joined the Royal Navy”: Churchill, I, 90.
173 “whether it was true”: Hough, L and V, 301.
173 Germhun: Ibid., 302.
173 “The latest rumor”: Ibid., 300.
174 “the conversation having turned”: Ibid., 303.
174 “In time of war”: Ibid.
174 “Dear Lord Charles Beresford”: Ibid., 304.
175 “Prince Louis was a big man”: Marder, I, 407.
175 “you must not ever consider leaving”: Hough, L and V, 305.
175 “Winston has been pouring out his woes”: Ibid.
175 “grave doubt is expressed”: Gilbert, I, 215.
175 “Blood is said to be thicker than water”: Marder, II, 86.
175 “Winston came here”: Asquith, Letters to Venetia, 287.
176 “Poor Louis B’s resignation”: Hough, L and V, 307.
176 “Louis behaved with great dignity”: Asquith, Letters to Venetia, 290.
176 “I have lately been driven”: Churchill, I, 435.
176 “I beg you to release me”: Gilbert, I, 225.
176 “There is no more loyal man”: Nicholson, 251.
176 “profound sorrow”: Kerr, 258.
176 “mean and contemptible slander”: Ibid.
176 “a national humiliation”: Ibid., 256.
176 “It was an awful wrench”: Goldrick, 155.
176 “up to the end”: Marder, II, 87.
177 “On one day”: Haldane, 302.
177 “before the war ended”: Ibid., 306.
177 “he started and grew pale”: Nicholson, 309.
177 “George Rex”: Hough, L and V, 319.
177 “Arrived Prince Hyde”: Kerr, 289.
177 “to right a great wrong”: Kerr, 285.
CHAPTER 10: ADMIRAL VON SPEE’S VOYAGE
179 “to keep the native population”: Hough, Pursuit, 29.
180 “We must take advantage”: Ibid., 27.
180 “Thousands of German Christians”: Balfour, 209.
181 “as if he had swallowed a broom handle”: Hough, Pursuit, 20.
181 “The women seemed”: Ibid., 32.
182 “To my shame”: Ibid., 33.
183 “I do not think we were far wrong”: Pochhammer, 16.
183 “Very nice place, indeed”: Ibid., 22.
183 “alone of the Marianas”: Ibid., 36.
184 “a glorious sight”: Ibid., 42–43.
184 “Strained relations”: Bennett, Naval Battles, 53.
185 “threatened state of war”: Poch-hammer, 49.
185 “The whole beautiful world”: Ibid., 51.
185 “the British had elected”: Ibid., 55–56.
185 “The monotonous noise”: Ibid., 60.
186 “Von Spee was a cut flower”: Churchill, I, 295.
187 “In event of a war against Great Britain”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 46.
187 “It is impossible to judge from here”: Ibid., 64.
190 “If coaling the whole squadron”: Ibid., 62.
190 “We wish you success”: Pochhammer, 68.
190 “I thank Your Excellency”: Hohenzollern-Emden, 39.
190 “I shall proceed to Chile”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 63.
191 “The seemingly limitless desert”: Pochhammer, 83.
191 “In the evening”: Hough, Pursuit, 58.
193 “If no enemy ship approaches”: Hirst, 72.
194 “vastly to his astonishment”: Spencer-Cooper, 46.
194 “to gaze at the outside”: Hough, Pursuit, 78.
195 “in glorious sunlight”: Pochhammer, 135.
196 “furniture removal”: Hohenzollern-Emden, 78.
196 “we had five or six vessels collected”: Bennett, Naval Battles, 55.
196 “The Emden’s company”: Ibid., 59.
196 “the chief reason”: Marder, II, 104.
197 “It is almost in our heart”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 72–73.
CHAPTER 11: ADMIRAL CRADOCK’S VOYAGE
198 “The map of the world”: Churchill, I, 296.
198 “we could not be”: Ibid., 295.
198 “as the days succeeded one another”: Ibid., 408.
201 “Probably Scharnhorst, Gneisenau”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 54–55.
203 “She was the fastest”: Chatfield, 47.
203 “the guns . . . on the main deck”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 17.
203 “It certainly is the limit”: Ibid.
203 “Sir William White”: FGDN, II, 432.
204 “Sighted Monmouth”: Hirst, 15.
204 “Later on, when leave could be taken”: Ibid., 6.
208 “It is advisable to operate”: Ibid., 57.
208 “Gneisenau and Scharnhorst”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 80.
208 “No certain information”: Ibid., 81.
209 “Few can steam well”: Jane’s Fighting Ships—1914, 53.
209 “If she did not break down”: Marder, II, 106.
210 “Situation changed”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 82.
211 “I have a feeling”: Sweetman, 79.
211 “urgent importance”: Ibid.
212 “it blew, snowed, hailed”: Spencer-Cooper, 22–23.
212 “We finally got past caring”: Ibid., 23.
212 “It seemed to both the captain”: Chatterton, Gallant Gentlemen, 70.
213 “a good square meal”: Hirst, 52.
213 “snug as a bug”: Ibid., 54.
213 “She has already been condemned twice”: Ibid.
213 “It appears that Scharnhorst”: Churchill, I, 410.
213 “Does Defence join my command”: Ibid., 411.
213 “regulations of the Panama Canal Company”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 91.
215 “It always appeared to me”: Chatterton, Gallant Gentlemen, 71–72.
215 “It would be best for the British ships”: Churchill, I, 411.
215 “Settled”: Ibid.
215 “I understand from our conversation”: Ibid., 411–12.
216 “a citadel around which”: Ibid., 414.
216 “entirely a contrary opinion”: Hirst, 94.
217 “I trust circumstances”: Ibid., 93.
217 For William Denbow, see: Hough, Great War, 96.
217 “It is clear that”: Ibid., 412.
218 “Good Hope left”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 95.
218 “shining with that special, well-groomed”: Sweetman, 74.
218 “would come wandering up”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 14.
218 “one of our very best officers”: Fisher, FGDN, II, 101.
218 “the navy was not”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 15.
219 “When a hammock is being used”: Ibid., 14.
219 “fought hard, played hard”: Hough, Pursuit, 86.
219 “Engage the enemy more closely”: Sweetman, 74.
219 he hoped when his time came: Dreyer, 90.
219 “That ribbon”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 26.
219 “Cradock thought his chances were small”: Marder, II, 111.
219 “only in case”: Ibid., 112.
219 “I will take care”: Ibid., 111.
219 “The admiral was a very brave old man”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 92.
219 “He knew what he was up against”: Ibid., 95.
219 “With reference to orders”: Churchill, I, 416.
220 “gravely preoccupied” and “This telegram is”: Ibid.
220 “Defence is to remain”: Ibid., 417.
221 “The words ‘sufficient force’ must have seared”: Hirst, 96–97.
221 “tired of protesting”: Ibid., 97.
221 “I am going to attack the enemy now”: Ibid., 29.
221 “I am sure I should”: Churchill, I, 416.
221 “Speaking of Admiral Cradock’s position”: Ibid., 418.
221 “Two of the lieutenant commanders”: Hirst, 99.
221 “Monmouth, Good Hope and Otranto coaling”: Churchill, I, 417–18.
222 “alone this time”: Chatterton, Gallant Gentlemen, 72.
222 “that we expected to sight the enemy”: Ibid.
224 “Clear the decks”: Pochhammer, 138.
224 “Maneuver well executed”: Hirst, 101.
224 like a haystack: Pitt, 5.
CHAPTER 12: THE BATTLE OF CORONEL
225 “in a quarter of an hour”: Pitt, 57.
225 “Does my smoke”: Pochhammer, 141.
225 “When the sun was sufficiently low”: Ibid, 141–43.
226 “We had in sight”: Chatterton, Gallant Gentlemen, 74.
226 “But when we saw those damned four funnels”: Copplestone, 236.
227 “We all thought he would leave Otranto”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 38.
227 “I cannot go down and engage”: Ibid.
228 “Follow in the admiral’s wake”: Pitt, 8.
228 “I am going to attack”: Hirst, 105.
228 “And now began the saddest”: Churchill, I, 422.
229 “the most rotten show imaginable”: Marder, II, 113.
229 “The waves rose high”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 31.
230 “The enemy had the range perfectly”: Hirst, 106.
230 “As the two big enemy ships”: Copplestone, 143.
231 “her funnels illuminated”: Hickling, 47.
231 “She looked like a splendid firework display”: Copplestone, 143.
232 “The moon was rising”: Chatterton, Gallant Gentlemen, 77.
232 “Are you all right”: Hirst, 109.
233 “I want to get stern to sea”: Ibid., 110.
233 “I felt that I could not help her”: Chatterton, Gallant Gentlemen, 78.
233 “It was obvious”: Hirst, 110.
233 “It was awful having to leave”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 35.
233 “utterly dispirited”: Hickling, 50–51.
234 “Both British armored cruisers”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 36.
235 “I fired until the Monmouth”: Sweet-man, 72.
235 “It was terrible to have to fire”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 37.
235 “Have sunk enemy cruiser”: Ibid.
235 “Bravo, Nürnberg”: Pochhammer, 154.
235 “With God’s help”: Ibid., 157.
236 “The creature just lay there”: Copplestone, 145.
236 “Good Hope, though bigger than Scharnhorst”: Pitt, 65.
236 “pretty, black-eyed women”: Pochhammer, 163.
237 “When I went ashore”: Pitt, 64.
237 “drunken, mindless idiot”: Ibid., 66–67.
237 “I drink to the memory”: Ibid.
237 “They will do nicely for my grave”: Ibid.
237 “I am quite homeless”: Hough, Pursuit, 116.
237 “Defence has been ordered”: Churchill, I, 419.
238 “We were already talking to the void”: Ibid.
238 “The Admiralty have no official confirmation”: Official Naval Dis-patches, 32.
238 “a belligerent warship”: Ibid., 33.
238 “Can you imagine”: Marder, II, 115.
238 “the British have allowed their old cruisers”: Sweetman, 73.
238 “Poor old Kit Cradock”: Beatty Papers, I, 159.
239 “He had no clear plan”: Marder, II, 110.
239 “I fear he saw red”: Chalmers, 180.
239 “let himself be caught”: Marder, II, 110.
239 “I cannot accept for the Admiralty”: Churchill, I, 414–16.
239 “It ought not to be necessary”: Ibid., 424.
240 “we could instantly concentrate”: Ibid., 414.
240 “The Defence had been refused him”: Marder, II, 111.
240 “I will take care I do not suffer”: Ibid.
241 “We are of the opinion”: Churchill, I, 426.
241 “Why did . . . [Cradock] attack”: Corbett, I, 356–57.
242 “by attacking the memory”: Bennett, Naval Battles, 102.
242 “Not under control”: Hirst, 124.
CHAPTER 13: “VERY WELL, LUCE, WE’LL SAIL TOMORROW”
244 “Carnarvon, Cornwall should join”: Churchill, I, 469.
245 “But I found Lord Fisher in a bolder mood”: Ibid., 465.
245 “Order Invincible”: Ibid., 466.
245 “Sir John Jellicoe rose to the occasion”: Ibid.
245 “important not to weaken the Grand Fleet”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 82.
246 “Once ships fall into dockyard hands”: Churchill, I, 473.
246 “The earliest possible date”: Ibid.
246 “Friday the thirteenth”: Ibid.
246 “Invincible and Inflexible are needed”: Ibid., 475.
247 “to keep an eye on Charlie”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 124.
247 “that damned fool”: Bennett, Naval Battles, 105.
247 “one of the most brilliant”: Hough, Great War, 105.
247 “pedantic ass”: Tarrant, Invincible, 44.
248 “Never such utter rot”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 77.
248 “The destruction of the German [Spee’s] Squadron”: Bennett, Naval Battles, 105.
248 “Very well, we sail”: Ibid., 58.
248 “Your main and most important duty”: Ibid., 59.
248 “small flocks”: Tarrant, Invincible, 46.
250 “In some trepidation”: Hickling, 66.
250 “Very well, Luce, we’ll sail tomorrow”: Ibid.
253 “1. Little result”: The Naval Staff guidelines for Spee appear in Hirst, 156–58.
253 “proposed to put”: Tirpitz, II, 83–84.
254 “to encroach in any way”: Ibid., 84.
254 “What are your intentions”: Hirst, 159.
254 “The cruiser squadron intends to break through”: Pitt, 72.
254 “German if possible”: Ibid., 73.
255 “The seas were huge”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 134.
255 “Rain clouds hung over the jagged peak”: Pochhammer, 191.
CHAPTER 14: THE BATTLE OF THE FALKLAND ISLANDS
258 “A four-funnel and a two-funnel”: Hirst, 171.
258 “Enemy in sight”: Ibid.
258 “Well, for God’s sake, do something”: Hickling, 74.
258 “Mr. Hirst, go to the masthead”: Hirst, 173.
259 “Send the men to breakfast”: Pitt, 103.
259 “He came at a very convenient hour”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 140.
259 “engage the enemy”: Ibid., 142.
259 “As we got near the harbor entrance”: Dixon, 26.
260 “Admiral Spee arrived at daylight this morning”: Churchill, I, 436.
260 “As we approached”: Pochhammer, 201.
261 “Do not accept action”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 143.
262 “The visibility of the fresh, calm atmosphere”: Pochhammer, 202.
262 “It was a perfect day”: Hough, Great War, 113.
262 “struck by the magnificent weather”: Tarrant, Invincible, 56.
262 “No more glorious moment”: Hirst, 177.
263 “Two vessels soon detached themselves”: Pochhammer, 202–3.
263 “ships’ companies have time”: Tarrant, Invincible, 57.
263 “Picnic lunch”: Ibid.
264 “transports or colliers”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 144.
264 “Towards noon”: Pochhammer, 203–4.
264 “to get along with the work”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 145.
264 “Engage the enemy”: Hirst, 179.
264 Fidgety Phill: Tarrant, Invincible, 58.
264 “the roar from the forward turret guns”: Verner, 8.
265 “Gneisenau will accept action”: Pitt, 110.
266 “The German firing was magnificent”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 147.
266 “It is certainly damned bad shooting”: Hickling, 82.
267 “we did not seem to be hitting”: Tarrant, Invincible, 61.
267 “At this rate”: Hickling, 82.
267 “With the sun still shining on them”: Pitt, 112.
267 “A shell grazed”: Pochhammer, 206.
268 “Every minute we gained”: Ibid., 208.
268 “The thick clouds of smoke”: Ibid., 209.
269 “for the first time, I experienced the luxury”: Verner, 10–11.
270 “a truly lovely sight”: Hough, Pursuit, 155.
270 “She was being torn apart”: Tarrant, Invincible, 67.
270 “rapid independent”: Pitt, 118.
270 “We were most obviously hitting”: Verner, 11.
270 For the signals between Spee and Maerker, see Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 149–50.
270 “Endeavor to escape”: Pitt, 128.
271 “the men with their powder-blackened faces”: Pochhammer, 210.
272 “All men overboard”: Ibid., 217.
273 “We cast overboard”: Spencer-Cooper, 104–5.
273 “Lower all your boats”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 154.
273 “The ship inclined”: Pochhammer, 217–22.
274 “Flag to Inflexible”: Ibid., 227.
274 “In the name of all our officers”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 155–56.
276 “Am anxious to save life”: Hirst, 191.
276 “If anyone can reach the ensign”: Ibid., 194.
277 “We are a crippled old ship”: Dixon, 19.
277 “Our shooting was rotten”: Ibid., 22.
279 “outrageous” and “an overwhelming desire”: Pochhammer, 240.
279 “emphatic and unanimous”: Verner, 25.
279 “There is nothing at all to show”: Copplestone, 169.
280 “Well, Beamish”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 154.
281 “It really is a spanking victory”: Ibid., 166–67.
281 “It has done us all”: Beatty Papers, I, 174.
281 “like an armadillo”: FGDN, III, 77.
281 “the only substantial victory”: Fisher, Records, 221.
281 “We cannot but be overjoyed”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 91.
281 “This was your show”: Churchill, I, 452.
282 “Your letter pleasant”: Ibid.
282 “criminal ineptitude”: FGDN, III, 101.
282 “report fully reason”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 171.
282 “Their Lordships selected me”: Marder, II, 125–26.
282 “Last paragraph”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 173.
283 “dilatory and theatrical”: Tarrant, Invincible, 71.
283 It was “an irony”: Marder, II, 124.
283 “No one in history”: Bennett, Coronel and the Falklands, 137.
284 “at the head of some magnificent gorge”: Hirst, 219.
285 “villainous-looking face” and “pendulous nose”: Dixon, 60.
CHAPTER 15: FISHER RETURNS TO THE ADMIRALTY
287 “He is a wonderful creature”: Asquith, Letters to Venetia, 266–67.
287 “We talked all day”: Churchill, I, 73.
287 “fell desperately in love”: Fisher, FGDN, II, 397.
288 “My dear Winston”: Randolph Churchill, Young Statesman, 530.
288 “My dear Fisher”: Ibid.
288 “My beloved Winston”: Churchill, I, 79.
288 “I want to see you very much”: Randolph Churchill, Young Statesman, 532.
288 “I plied him with questions”: Churchill, I, 77.
288 “I began our conversations”: Ibid., 78.
288 “I think Winston Churchill”: Mackay, 432.
288 “betrayed the navy”: Randolph Churchill, Young Statesman, 565.
289 “The liquid fuel problem”: Churchill, I, 132–33.
289 “Contact with you”: Mackay, 454.
289 “Winston is quite cross”: Ibid.
289 “Tomorrow old Fisher comes down”: Gilbert, I, 216.
289 “[Watching] him narrowly to judge”: Churchill, I, 401–02.
289 “make our country feel”: Gilbert, I, 215.
289 “that I could work”: Churchill, I, 402.
290 “with some reluctance”: Marder, II, 90.
290 “He seems as young as ever”: Ibid.
290 “He is already a Court Favorite”: Gilbert, I, 226.
290 “Undoubtedly the country will benefit”: Ibid., 227.
290 “They have resurrected old Fisher”: Chalmers, 160–61.
291 “horrible appointment”: Wemyss, Life and Letters, 186.
291 “Everything began to move”: Bacon, Fisher, II, 161–62.
292 “a genius without a doubt”: Fisher, FGDN, II, 409.
292 “I was never in the least afraid”: Churchill, I, 402.
292 “Lord Fisher was the most distinguished”: Ibid., 403.
292 “the formidable energy”: Ibid., 405.
292 “I can’t dine out”: Gilbert, I, 264.
292 “Once, I remember”: Gretton, 198.
293 “extraordinary spectacle”: Hough, Great War, 145.
293 “an almost unsleeping watch”: Churchill, I, 405.
293 “we made an agreement”: Ibid.
293 “Port and starboard lights”: Ibid., 406.
294 “everything that can be finished”: Ibid., 454.
294 “make his wife a widow”: Keyes, Memoirs, I, 130.
295 “large light cruisers”: Marder, II, 96.
295 “They were an old man’s children”: Churchill, I, 459.
295 “Lord Fisher hurled himself”: Ibid., 456.
295 “order to his subordinates”: Gilbert, I, 228.
295 “I backed him up”: Churchill, I, 460.
296 “a projectile”: Fisher, FGDN, I, 291.
296 “criminal folly”: Marder, II, 192.
296 “a million Russian soldiers . . . within eighty-two miles”: Bacon, Fisher, II, 188.
296 “on that 14 miles”: FGDN, II, 455.
296 “convoy and land”: James, A Great Seaman, 138.
296 “We gratefully accept”: Churchill, II, 39.
297 “storm and seize”: Marder, II, 186.
297 “a palpable reluctance”: Churchill, II, 42.
297 “Churchill would often look in”: James, A Great Seaman, 144.
297 “I am wholly with you”: Churchill, II, 43.
297 “Although the First Sea Lord’s strategic conceptions”: Ibid., 41–42.
298 “how an attack on Borkum”: Marder, II, 190.
298 “Welcome back”: Gilbert, I, 264.
298 “We one and all”: Ibid., 184.
298 “First Sea Lord to see”: Churchill, II, 358.
298 “Winston has so monopolized”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 99–100.
299 “The situation is very curious”: Beatty Papers, I, 173.
299 “inkling that he was”: Bonham Carter, 321.
CHAPTER 16: “THE REQUIREMENTSOF THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF WEREHARD TO MEET”
300 “weakening the Grand Fleet”: Winton, 154.
300 “Is Princess Royal to go”: Goldrick, 172.
300 “Princess Royal’s coal expenditure”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 81.
301 “Princess Royal should have proceeded”: Goldrick, 172.
301 “The Tiger is absolutely unfit” and “a present for the Germans”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 68.
301 “We cannot rely”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 97.
301 “The inferiority”: Ibid., 99.
301 “I admit the force”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 82.
303 “we must always be ready”: Ibid., 443.
303 “The requirements”: Churchill, I, 443.
304 “Since war began”: Ibid., 445.
304 “We cannot reinforce you”: Ibid., 447.
304 “I think we have to stand fast”: Ibid.
304 “As A. K. Wilson observed”: Ibid., 448.
305 “The coast has been so denuded”: Ibid., 445.
305 “The Admiralty have in mind”: Ibid.
305 “I regret to appear importunate”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 94.
305 “as I am directed to use this base”: Churchill, I, 447.
305 “I know perfectly well”: Ibid.
305 “have five torpedoes each”: Churchill, I, 447.
305 “You know the difficulty”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 103.
305 “wearing”: Churchill, I, 448.
305 “No one can blame”: Ibid., 447–48.
306 “It is necessary to construct”: Ibid., 527–28.
306 “The next day”: Scott, 272.
307 “The ships could not accompany the fleet”: Jellicoe, Grand Fleet, 173.
308 “mislead the Germans”: Churchill, II, 299.
308 “astonished to see”: Denham, 50.
CHAPTER 17: THE YARMOUTH RAID AND ROOM 40
310 “the battle fleet must avoid”: Scheer, 68.
310 “escort the cruisers”: Goldrick, 159.
310 “I don’t want”: Waldeyer-Hartz, 127.
311 “Two battle cruisers”: Groos, II, 265.
312 “Early in the morning”: Churchill, I, 440–42.
313 “I won’t wear it”: Waldeyer-Hartz, 129.
313 “It appeared that the risk”: Groos, II, 267.
313 “One could not assume”: Ibid.
314 “short, thick-set man with keen blue eyes”: Beesly, 9.
314 “a mauve shirt”: Ibid., 10.
315 “The fuses are lit”: Kahn, Enigma, 19.
316 “the German light cruiser Magdeburg”: Churchill, I, 462.
316 number 151: Beesly, 5.
317 “drying before Ewing’s fire”: Kahn, Enigma, 24.
317 “Some days earlier”: Ibid.
317 “SKM key”: Beesly, 24.
317 “No fears”: Ibid.
318 “virtual certainty”: Ibid.
CHAPTER 18: THE SCARBOROUGH RAID: “WITHIN OUR CLAWS”
319 Queen of Watering Places: Daily Mail, Dec. 17, 1914, 8.
319 “greatness, vastness of enterprise”: Perrett, introduction.
320 “I could see in the mist”: Daily Mail, Dec. 17, 1914, 6.
320 “Just before eight o’clock”: Ibid.
320 “resolutely in bed”: Roskill, Beatty, 105.
321 “was killed”: Daily Telegraph, Dec. 19, 1914, 10.
322 “a special lookout”: Ward, 7.
324 “deplorable” and “which was stationed”: Keyes, Memoirs, 151.
324 “1,150 shells”: Groos, III, 82.
324 “The Germans have come”: Daily Chronicle, Dec. 17, 1914, 7.
325 “I must get that medal”: Daily Mail, Dec. 18, 1914, 5.
325 “Look, there’s my teddy bear”: Ibid.
325 “assassin squadron” and “Scarborough bandits”: Marder, II, 149.
325 “the stigma of the baby-killers”: The Times, Dec. 21, 1914, 8.
325 “a colossal act of murder”: Ibid.
325 “The bombardment . . . was”: Daily Chronicle, Dec. 17, 1914, 8.
326 “So far as the Hartlepools”: Ibid.
326 “Demonstrations of this character”: Ward, 28.
326 “The best police force”: Marder, II, 148.
326 “It would no doubt”: The Times, Dec. 18, 1914, 9.
326 “The purpose of the Royal Navy”: Ibid., Dec. 17, 1914, 9.
326 “We hope that the authorities”: Ward, 28–29.
327 “There has been”: Daily Telegraph, Dec. 18, 1914, 10.
327 “Cannot we use”: Ibid., Dec. 19, 1914, 10.
327 “This does not, however, prevent”: Scheer, 68.
329 “Have lost touch”: Waldeyer-Hartz, 133.
329 “Bombardment off shore”: Ibid.
330 For the conversation between Hipper and Raeder, see ibid., 134.
330 “decided in favor”: Groos, III, 77.
330 “with remarkable coolness”: Ibid., 78.
331 “Operation completed”: Goldrick, 202.
331 “Where is the main fleet”: Waldeyer-Hartz, 136.
332 “flying raid” and “insult bombardment”: Marder, II, 130.
332 “They can never again”: Goldrick, 191.
332 “Good information just received”: Churchill, I, 465.
333 “before daylight tomorrow”: Ibid.
333 “were precisely the sort”: Goldrick, 192.
334 “A great deal of cruising”: Churchill, I, 464.
334 “was only thirty miles south”: Groos, III, 63.
335 “an imperturbability”: Goodenough, 86.
335 “never spoke”: Goldrick, 215.
335 “passed in the dark”: Young, 90.
336 “I think raid”: Ibid.
CHAPTER 19: THE SCARBOROUGH RAID: HIPPER ESCAPES
338 “fairly turned tail”: Corbett, II, 28.
339 “Here at last”: Marder, II, 136.
339 “Our premature turning”: Scheer, 71.
339 “Never again”: Goldrick, 195.
339 the one heaven-sent opportunity: Churchill, I, 472–73.
339 “On December 16”: Tirpitz, II, 285.
339 “There was . . . no compulsion”: Churchill, I, 473.
341 “Am keeping in touch”: Young, 93.
341 “I am being chased”: Ibid.
342 “if I might lead around”: Chatfield, 129.
342 “The fine sunrise”: Young, 92.
342 “Are you going after Roon”: Corbett, II, 29.
342 “Have heard nothing of Roon”: Goldrick, 197.
343 “Scarborough being shelled”: Young, 94.
343 For the exchange of signals between Warrender and Beatty, see Young, 94.
343 “I was in my bath”: Churchill, I, 466.
343 “The bombardment of open towns”: Ibid., 467–68.
345 “Light cruisers must go in”: Goldrick, 202.
345 “Enemy will in all probability”: Corbett, II, 36.
345 “Enemy is probably returning”: Churchill, I, 468.
345 “At eleven o’clock”: Ibid., 475.
346 “Engaged with enemy cruisers”: Young, 97.
347 “Tell that light cruiser”: Ibid., 98.
347 “Light cruiser resume station”: Corbett, II, 38.
347 “Enemy’s cruisers bearing south by east”: Goldrick, 206.
348 For the signals exchanged between Beatty and Goodenough, see Chalmers, 171, and Goldrick, 206.
348 “Enemy in sight”: Goldrick, 207.
348 “No, not until the Vice Admiral signals”: Dreyer, 103.
349 “Our golden moment”: Ibid., 103–4.
349 “He never spoke to me”: Ibid., 103.
349 “Enemy cruisers and destroyers in sight”: Corbett, II, 40.
349 “Enemy’s course east”: Goldrick, 208.
350 “Relinquish chase”: Ibid., 209.
351 “Am being chased”: Groos, III, 256.
351 “five enemy battleships”: Ibid., 257.
351 “Enemy is out of sight”: Ibid.
351 “Are you in danger”: Ibid., 258.
351 “No”: Ibid.
352 “Telegraph and telephone”: Churchill, I, 468–69.
353 “Twenty destroyers”: Goldrick, 209.
353 “Certainly not advisable” and “It is too late”: Ibid.
353 “I had a most trying day”: Keyes, Memoirs, I, 145.
353 “The High Seas Fleet is at sea”: Ibid.
353 In the Admiralty War Room: For the discussion, see Churchill, I, 470.
354 “We sent you a terrible message”: Keyes, Memoirs, I, 148–49.
354 “It was terrible”: Ibid., 149.
354 “Words fail me”: Ibid., 147.
355 “The more we heard”: Young, 111.
355 “nearly broke my heart”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 111–12.
355 “The happenings of the last week”: Chalmers, 175.
355 “There never was a more disappointing day”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 110–12.
355 “He knows cruiser work”: Ibid., 111.
355 “intensely unhappy”: Marder, II, 144.
356 “The Commodore gives”: Ibid., 145.
356 “Should an officer commanding”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 117–18.
356 “To break off an action”: Ibid., 120.
356 “Beatty [is] very severe”: Ibid., 112.
356 “Goodenough was so close”: Hough, Great War, 128.
356 “The true guilt”: Ibid.
356 “He lost three battles”: Marder, II, 140.
356 “They were all actually in our grasp”: Ibid., 143.
357 “a fool”: Goldrick, 213.
357 “I suppose you must”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 185.
357 “Lord Fisher said”: Hough, Great War, 128–29.
358 “There never was such bad luck”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 108.
358 “Dissatisfaction was widespread”: Churchill, I, 477–78.
359 “a regular bombardment”: The Times, Dec. 18, 1914, 9.
359 “the life of a single German soldier”: Ibid., Dec. 21, 1914, 8.
359 “the bombardment possibly heralds”: Ibid., Dec. 18, 1914, 10.
359 “It is extremely probable”: Scheer, 72.
359 “because he was afraid”: Marder, II, 147.
359 “entirely as a war measure”: Waldeyer-Hartz, 141.
359 “The advance of the main fleet”: Groos, III, 72–73.
359 “The restrictions enforced”: Scheer, 72.
359 “The effort to preserve the fleet”: Groos, III, 110.
CHAPTER 20: THE CUXHAVEN RAID: “STUPID GREAT THINGS, BUT VERY BEAUTIFUL”
362 “As a naval officer”: Tirpitz, I, 181.
362 “would be of no particular value”: Marder, I, 336.
362 “I rated the zeppelin much lower”: Churchill, I, 313.
363 “Aviation supersedes”: Randolph Churchill, Winston S. Churchill, II, 672.
363 “for the protection”: Churchill, I, 312.
363 “or seaplanes as I christened them”: Ibid.
363 “I had fifty efficient”: Ibid.
363 “airships on nocturnal missions”: Layman, 15.
364 “our dockyards”: Marder, I, 339.
364 “airplanes were the only means”: Churchill, I, 314.
364 “by bombing from airplanes”: Ibid., 314–15.
364 “the largest possible force”: Ibid., 315.
365 “[I] arrived at 5 p.m.”: Patterson, Tyrwhitt, 81.
366 “I got considerable butter”: Ibid., 83.
366 “the enemy had a force present”: Jellicoe, Grand Fleet, 165.
366 “to deliver to the German mainland”: Layman, 61.
366 “stewards who had been landed”: Patterson, Tyrwhitt, 95.
367 The twin-hangar structure: The information about German navy zeppelins is from Layman, 74.
368 “a thick ground fog”: Ibid., 86.
370 “My method of defense”: Goldrick, 223.
370 “given ordinary sea room”: Ibid., 121.
370 “Zeppelins are not”: Patterson, Tyrwhitt, 98.
370 “I wish all ships a Merry Christmas”: Ibid.
371 “ship-wrecked mariners”: Layman, 112.
372 “not by their exertions”: Ibid., 120.
372 “They are awfully pleased”: Patterson, Tyrwhitt, 98.
373 “information from a trustworthy source”: Churchill, II, 62–63.
373 a letter to Churchill: Fisher, FGDN, III, 124.
373 “My dear Fisher”: Churchill, II, 64.
374 “clawed down in flames”: Ibid, I, 313.
CHAPTER 21: THE BATTLE OF THE DOGGER BANK: “KINGDOM COME OR TEN DAYS’ LEAVE”
376 “No offensive is to be carried”: Churchill, II, 61.
376 “If the weather tomorrow”: Groos, III, 191–92.
377 “Scouting Forces are to reconnoiter”: Ibid., 192–93.
378 “He looked at me intently”: Ibid., 129.
378 “Wilson wanted a rendezvous”: James, A Great Seaman, 145–46.
379 “Four German battle cruisers”: Churchill, II, 130.
379 “Through the long hours”: Ibid., 131.
379 “the morning being”: Young, 172.
380 “I had the first watch”: Ibid., 175–76.
382 “The same efficiency”: Beatty Papers, I, 249.
382 “The eastern horizon”: Young, 177.
383 “The day was so clear”: Goodenough, 92.
383 “Am in action”: Young, 178.
384 “I was anxious at all costs”: Waldeyer-Hartz, 151.
384 “at least eight large ships”: Ibid.
385 “The pace at which the enemy”: Ibid, 152.
385 “Enemy sighted are four battle cruisers”: Young, 178.
385 “As day broke”: Chatfield, 131.
385 “On the horizon ahead”: Hough, Great War, 132.
386 “Get us within range”: Chatfield, 132.
386 A midshipman on Indomitable: Schofield, 68.
387 Beatty’s signals: Young, 179–82.
387 “Well done, Indomitable”: Ibid., 183.
387 “We were all in high spirits”: Ibid., 184.
388 “Lion being our leading ship”: Ibid., 218–19.
388 “How soon should we open fire”: Chatfield, 132.
388 “We could see”: Young, 183.
388 “Open fire”: Ibid.
388 “to universal astonishment”: Churchill, II, 136.
389 “The enemy appeared”: Young, 182.
389 “a glare amid the smoke”: Ibid., 183.
389 “Destroyers take station”: Ibid., 184.
390 “Up to now”: Ibid.
391 “to the conning tower”: Chatfield, 133.
391 “It was impossible to endure the wind”: Ibid., 185.
391 “The Admiral and his staff”: Ibid., 190–91.
392 “Engage the corresponding ship”: Marder, II, 159.
392 “the unmolested Moltke”: Ibid., 160.
393 “Salvos of three”: Goldrick, 263.
393 “At nine a.m. . . . our battle cruisers”: Scheer, 80.
393 “the view . . . from the fire control”: Waldeyer-Hartz, 152.
393 “The action signals”: Ibid.
393 “The chances of support”: Ibid.
393 “a great glowing mass of fire”: Young, 187.
394 “A shell struck Seydlitz”: Chatfield, 134.
394 “Need assistance badly”: Groos, III, 285.
394 “Main fleet and flotillas”: Ibid.
395 “It was wonderful to see”: Bennett, Naval Battles, 161.
395 “cleaving the water”: Schofield, 67.
395 “My range finder was useless”: Goldrick, 264.
395 “Many . . . details registered”: Young, 216–17.
396 “very nearly smothered”: Ibid., 205.
396 “so violent”: Ibid., 189.
396 “we must have been struck”: Chatfield, 134.
397 “Close the enemy as rapidly”: Goldrick, 271.
397 “We thought our last moment”: Young, 192.
397 “Attack the enemy”: Ibid., 193.
398 “At 10.54 a.m., submarines were reported”: Beatty Papers, I, 217.
398 “Lion hoisted the signal”: Pelly, 148–50.
399 “Good heavens, Sir”: Goldrick, 273.
399 “Had he turned and steered”: Bacon, Modern Naval Strategy, 71.
399 “The best course”: Marder, II, 161.
400 “the whole spirit and direction”: Churchill, II, 138.
400 “it was impossible to endure”: Young, 185.
401 “What we need now”: Goldrick, 275.
403 “Only when he realized”: Waldeyer-Hartz, 159.
403 “I dismissed”: Ibid., 153.
403 “If Hipper’s leadership”: Ibid., 159.
404 “in stern turret D”: Ibid., 157.
CHAPTER 22: THE BATTLE OF THE DOGGER BANK: “WHY DIDN’T YOU GET THE LOT?”
406 “a kind of obsession”: Young, 196.
406 “Blücher was under fire”: Goldrick, 277, and Young, 208–9.
406 “stayed for about twenty seconds”: Schofield, 67.
406 “was in a pitiable condition”: Patterson, Tyrwhitt, 107.
406 “It was a pathetic sight”: Schofield, 67.
407 “As an example”: Corbett, II, 98.
407 “As we turned”: Young, 207.
407 “a tremendous picture”: Bennett, Naval Battles, 163.
408 “Reports High Seas Fleet coming out”: Young, 198.
408 “Some one said, ‘Moore is reporting”: Churchill, II, 132.
408 “There can be few”: Ibid.
409 “the horrid news”: Chatfield, 134.
409 “an extraordinary spectacle”: Young, 201.
409 “around him, cheering”: Ibid.
409 “The Lion was one huge grandstand”: Ralph Seymour, 67.
409 “with the admiral’s flag”: Young, 201.
411 “an escort of thirteen”: Goldrick, 283.
411 “Germans are preparing”: Ibid.
411 “It was a strange journey”: Young, 204.
412 “Keep a good lookout”: Ibid.
412 “The silence of the ship”: Ibid., 204–5.
412 “There was a thick fog”: Ibid., 219.
413 “It was a bad decision”: Chatfield, 136.
413 “incredibly small and mean”: Young, 232.
413 “I most heartily congratulate”: Young, 211.
413 “It will be some time”: Marder, II, 166.
414 “After yesterday’s action”: Ibid., 167.
414 “For the second time”: Churchill, II, 140.
414 “The disappointment”: Keyes, Memoirs, I, 163.
414 “I think the spectacle”: Marder, II, 167.
414 “I am against all charges”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 144.
414 “despicable” and “No signals”: Marder, II, 168.
415 “if, as has since been stated”: Ibid.
415 “wanted to have”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 144.
415 “poltroon” to “Any fool can obey orders”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 150–51.
415 “Pelly did very badly”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 144–45.
415 “had done very well”: Ibid., 145.
415 “Special emphasis is laid”: Marder, II, 169.
415 “The future and the present”: Ibid., 171.
416 “in a split second”: Chalmers, 196.
416 “urgently inquiring”: Young, 224.
416 “I was taken”: Ibid., 225.
416 “We know from themselves”: Chalmers, 197.
416 “I’ve quite made up”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 150.
416 “an indecisive fight”: Marder, II, 167.
416 “Well do I remember”: Churchill, II, 89.
417 “My impression”: Young, 205.
417 “we had no director firing”: Ibid., 206.
417 “Every one of them”: Ibid., 222.
418 “would immediately have been fastened upon”: Ibid.
418 “The result of the engagement”: Churchill, II, 143.
418 “suspicion that the gunnery”: Jellicoe, Grand Fleet, 181.
418 “We went out to sea”: Young, 233.
419 “in a marked degree”: Beatty Papers, I, 250.
420 “Jellicoe’s Battle Squadrons”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 156.
420 “The fundamental fact”: Ibid., 200.
420 “I imagine the Germans”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 152.
421 “The dominant feeling”: Marder, II, 165.
421 “Our own fire”: Waldeyer-Hartz, 154.
421 “There seems no obvious”: Scheer, 84.
422 “Hits on Tiger aft”: Waldeyer-Hartz, 156.
422 “I cannot confirm”: Ibid., 153.
422 “The tactical dispositions”: Ibid., 163.
422 “Seeing so many”: Scheer, 86.
422 “With the Dogger Bank”: Waldeyer-Hartz, 157.
422 “in English waters”: Ibid.
422 “All ships other”: Ibid., 154.
423 “The consumption of ammunition”: Ibid., 156.
423 “The working chamber”: Bennett, Naval Battles, 164.
424 “The unexpected presence”: Scheer, 86.
424 “It must be considered”: Bennett, NavalBattles, 165.
424 “Not apparent”: Ibid.
424 “The blame”: Groos, III, 243.
424 “short and square built”: Marder, II, 166.
425 “Apart from submarine warfare”: Churchill, II, 146–47.
425 “the second navy”: Marder, II, 175.
CHAPTER 23: “A DEMONSTRATION AT THE DARDANELLES”
428 “a chivalry which surely outstripped”: Marder, II, 231.
428 “It now appears”: Gilbert, I, 289–90.
428 “Who expected Carden”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 166.
428 “[Your] sole duty”: Churchill, I, 491.
429 “it is a good thing”: Gilbert, I, 299.
430 “You smug-faced crowds”: Siegfried Sassoon, “Suicide in the Trenches,” from Counter-attack and Other Poems (1918).
431 “Are there not other alternatives”: Churchill, II, 44.
432 “I do not see”: Ibid., 94.
432 “I CONSIDER”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 117.
433 “His Majesty’s less valuable ships”: James, Gallipoli, 26.
434 “Do you consider”: Churchill, II, 97–98.
434 “I do not consider”: Ibid.
434 “he seemed at this time”: Ibid., 100.
434 “Your view is agreed with”: Ibid., 99.
434 “until the impossibility”: Gilbert, I, 333.
434 “the Dardanelles appeared”: Ibid.
435 “Time required for operations”: Churchill, II, 102.
435 “the plan produced a great impression”: Ibid.
435 “firing all her ammunition”: Marder, II, 206.
435 “any sailor who attacked a fort”: Fisher, Memories, 81.
435 “A ship can no more stand up”: Marder, II, 215.
437 “The War Council had been sitting”: Hankey, I, 265–66.
437 “with all the inexorable force”: Lloyd George, I, 338–39.
438 “we could leave off”: Churchill, II, 110–11.
438 “That the Admiralty should prepare”: Ibid., 111.
438 “The Cabinet have decided”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 133.
438 “I just abominate”: Ibid., 142.
438 “is a projectile to be fired”: Fisher, FGDN, I, 291.
439 “I had not the same weight”: Magnus, 286.
439 “All powerful”: Churchill, II, 172–73.
439 “I made it a rule”: James, Gallipoli, 32.
440 First Lord, I have no desire”: Churchill, II, 154.
440 “We play into Germany’s hands”: Ibid., 155–56.
440 “Being already in possession”: Ibid., 157.
441 “Not to use them”: Ibid., 161–62.
442 “I entreat you”: Gilbert, I, 364.
438 “I am not in accord”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 147–48.
442 “undoubtedly involves risks”: Magnus, 319.
442 “he had understood”: Fisher, Memories, 71, 90, and Churchill, II, 164.
442 “in view of the Steps”: Churchill, II, 163.
442 “if satisfactory progress”: Hankey, I, 272.
442 “it was difficult” and “the Turks”: Ibid.
442 “an obstinate”: Asquith, Letters to Venetia, 405.
442 “long and very friendly”: Churchill, II, 165.
442 “I am in no way concealing”: Ibid.
442 “He always out-argues me”: James, Gallipoli, 37.
442 “I am sure I am right”: Ibid.
443 “When I finally decided”: Churchill, II, 165.
443 “This I took as the point”: Ibid.
443 “When the operation”: James, Gallipoli, 37.
443 “The more I consider”: Churchill, II, 301.
443 “A failure or check”: Ibid., 303.
443 “You are just simply eaten up”: Ibid.
CHAPTER 24: THE MINEFIELDS
447 “I do not intend”: Keyes, Memoirs, I, 195.
448 “the number of persons”: Churchill, II, 194.
448 “Our affairs in the Dardanelles”: Marder, II, 240.
448 “the capsizing of one little state”: James, Gallipoli, 50.
450 “We could not go on”: Keyes, Memoirs, I, 207.
452 “recognised sweeping risks”: Ibid., 211.
452 “When we got into the Straits”: Ibid.
453 “The less said about that night”: Ibid., 212.
453 “Your original instructions”: Ibid., 213.
453 “fully concurred”: Ibid.
453 “a minute later”: Ibid.
454 “I do not understand”: Ibid., 216.
454 “We have given the Carden plan”: Churchill, II, 216.
455 “One gesture with a wand”: Ibid., 215.
455 “was never more resolute”: Ibid., 216.
455 “who had a sort of feeling”: James, Gallipoli, 50.
456 “Everyone’s blood was up”: Churchill, II, 217.
455 “Everything was eagerness”: Morgenthau, 222.
455 “My poor admiral”: Keyes Papers, I, 107.
456 “I do not understand”: Keyes, Memoirs, 216–17.
456 “a complete break down”: Keyes Papers, I, 109.
456 “a real fine fellow”: Marder, II, 245.
456 “One could not feel”: Churchill, II, 220.
456 “Personal and Secret”: Ibid., 221.
CHAPTER 25: THE NAVAL ATTACK ON THE NARROWS
457 “a naval attack”: Moorehead, 62.
457 “no human power”: Chatterton, Dardanelles Dilemma, 132.
460 “pulped”: Verner, 65.
460 “Thank you, old chap”: Ibid., 69.
460 “Fore-control out of action”: Ibid., 60.
460 “For God’s sake, put out the fire”: Ibid.
461 “down her side and across her bottom”: Chatterton, Dardanelles Dilemma, 140.
461 “Sauvez-vous”: Usborne, 115.
461 “I did not think”: Keyes, Memoirs, I, 237.
462 “Tell my people”: Verner, 63.
462 “The admiral directs you”: Keyes, Memoirs, I, 240.
462 “blazing away”: Ibid., 241.
462 “If you do not propose”: Ibid.
463 “Except for the searchlights”: Ibid., 245.
464 “We are all getting ready”: Hamilton, I, 40.
465 “continue the naval operations”: Churchill, II, 231.
465 Lines from Kipling’s “If” are in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations, 2nd ed., 297.
466 “to be in a position”: Churchill, II, 231.
466 “a disaster”: Wemyss, 41.
466 “reap the fruits”: Marder, II, 235.
466 “I am being most reluctantly driven”: Hamilton, I, 37.
467 “You know my view”: Ibid.
467 “a fine-looking man”: Ibid., 21.
467 “Constantinople must surrender”: Ibid., 42.
468 “I lost no time”: Keyes, Memoirs, I, 257.
468 “I wish to place on record”: Ibid., 186.
468 “It appears better”: Ibid., 258.
468 “I do not hold”: Ibid., 266.
468 “consternation”: Churchill, II, 233.
468 “to renew the attack”: Ibid., 234.
468 “insuperable resistance”: Ibid., 234–35.
469 “because it was supported”: Ibid., 234.
469 “What more could we want”: Ibid.
469 “pressed to the very utmost”: Ibid., 235.
469 “with grief”: Ibid., 248–49.
469 “we had lost fewer men”: Ibid., 249.
469 “Confident, commanding, magnanimous”: Ibid.
469 “The whole Ottoman state”: Morgenthau, 227–28.
CHAPTER 26: GALLIPOLI: THE LANDINGS
471 “The Dardanelles: futile without soldiers”: Lloyd George, I, 374.
471 “If the navy required”: Marder, II, 233.
471 “either to seize the Gallipoli peninsula”: Magnus, 321.
472 “if the fleet cannot get through”: Marder, II, 235.
472 “unless the navy are convinced”: Magnus, 322.
473 “too sanguine”: Ibid.
473 “very second rate”: Ibid.
473 For the Kitchener-Hamilton conversations at the War Office, see Hamilton, I, 2–16.
474 “Only two sorts”: Ibid., 19.
474 “thyme-scented breezes”: Ibid., 18–19.
475 “of whom”: Ibid., 57.
476 “it is not customary”: Morgenthau, 45.
477 “scattered like frontier guards”: Kannengiesser, 91.
477 “would have found resistance”: Sanders, 61.
477 “If the English will only leave me alone”: Kannengiesser, 96.
477 “The British allowed us”: Sanders, 58.
477 “I have no roving commission”: Hamilton, I, 58.
477 “The slipshod manner”: Wemyss, Life and Letters, 210.
479 “In my mind”: James, Gallipoli, 89.
479 “It’s too wonderful”: Bonham-Carter, 296.
479 Rupert Brooke’s poetry is quoted by Moorehead, 110.
479 “He died at 4.46”: James, Gallipoli, 94.
479 “Nature was so peaceful”: Ibid., 95.
479 “On deck it is hardly light”: Ibid., 115.
480 “Casualties?”: Ibid., 210.
481 “the cross fire from the fleet”: Hamilton, I, 15.
481 “From the vigour”: James, Gallipoli, 192.
482 “The more I consider”: Churchill, II, 301.
482 “We cannot send”: Ibid., 303.
482 “Seriously, my friend”: Ibid., 307.
482 “every officer”: Ibid., 306.
482 “You are a foolish woman”: Gilbert, I, 540.
483 “Although I have acquiesced”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 216–18.
483 “I honestly feel”: Ibid., 221.
483 “The sea for an area”: Chatterton, Dardanelles Dilemma, 239.
484 “was very much relieved”: Churchill, II, 346.
484 “The Queen Elizabeth”: Ibid.,
484 “could not stand the fear”: Magnus, 338–39
484 “We think that the moment”: Churchill, II, 348.
484 “sulphurous”: Ibid., 350.
484 “against the Dardanelles operations”: Ibid., 351.
484 “This remarkable interruption”: Ibid.
485 “I could see”: Bacon, Fisher, II, 214.
485 “I must ask you”: Churchill, II, 353.
485 “Well, good night, Fisher”: Bacon, Fisher, II, 251.
485 “I send this to you”: Churchill, II, 554.
485 “Fisher has resigned”: Ibid., 359.
486 “First Lord: After further anxious reflection”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 228.
486 “In the King’s name”: Gilbert, I, 563.
486 “A combative grimness”: Lloyd George, I, 198–99.
486 “to escape from Winston”: Hankey, I, 315.
487 “My dear Fisher: The only thing”: Churchill, II, 360.
487 “YOU ARE BENT”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 231.
487 “in the name of friendship”: Churchill, II, 363.
487 “Dear Winston: As usual”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 234.
487 “Stick to your post”: Hough, Fisher, 343.
487 “I would far sooner”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 243.
487 “would be a worse calamity”: Roskill, Beatty, 127.
488 “Lord Fisher”: Marder, II, 281.
488 “Then the situation is impossible”: Beaverbrook, I, 106.
488 “No, I have thought of that”: Churchill, II, 364.
488 “No, this will not do”: Ibid., 366.
489 “W.C. MUST go”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 237.
489 “What are we to do for you”: Churchill, II, 366.
489 “It is not impossible”: Ibid., 368.
489 “a serious view”: Mackay, 502.
489 “He should have been hanged”: Ibid., 503.
490 “guarantee the successful termination”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 241.
490 “I shall have”: Ibid.
490 “I am afraid”: Marder, II, 290.
490 “a fit of megalomania”: Asquith, Memories and Reflections, II, 113.
490 “Fisher’s mind is somewhat unhinged”: Ibid.
490 “ought to be shot”: Hankey, I, 318.
490 “Dear Lord Fisher: I am commanded”: Asquith, Memories and Reflections, II, 111.
490 “You don’t care”: Gilbert, I, 584.
491 “Why do you part”: Ibid., 588.
491 “the letter of a maniac”: Ibid., 589.
491 “My dear Winston: You must take it”: Ibid., 594.
491 “horrible wound”: Marder, II, 289.
491 “I gather”: Gilbert, 598.
491 “to beginners in the Cabinet”: Lloyd George, I, 205.
491 “He asked what”: Churchill, II, 374–75.
491 “The navy breathes”: Beatty Papers, I, 273.
491 “We owe you a debt”: Mackay, 505.
491 “He is young”: Gilbert, I, 600.
491 “When he left”: Ibid., 605.
CHAPTER 27: “SOME CORNER OF A FOREIGN FIELD”
492 “I saw them”: James, Gallipoli, 204.
492 “all the ships”: Kannengiesser, 169.
493 “Yes, and here comes”: Goodchild, 169–71.
493 “like melted glass”: Hamilton, II, 53.
493 “fills me with a desperate longing”: Ibid., 6.
494 “That evening, Kemal Bey”: Kannengiesser, 130.
494 “I do not order you”: Moorehead, 140.
494 “It will be quite impossible”: Hamilton, II, 13.
494 “We bit, fisted”: Keyes, Memoirs, I, 404, 405, and James, Gallipoli, 290.
495 “spread around the beaches”: Churchill, II, 445.
495 “We might have the hills”: Hamilton, II, 66.
495 “he had not been very fit”: Ibid., 64.
495 “From bankrupt to millionaire”: Ibid., 163–64.
496 “We can’t feed Russia”: Ibid., 203.
496 “an elaborate explanation”: Ibid., 241.
496 “You would refuse to believe”: Ibid., 258.
496 “The fact is”: Ibid.
496 “an irresponsible statement by an ignorant man”: Ibid., 259.
496 “The 10th went forward”: Bean, II, 617–18.
496 “a cheery old fellow”: Hankey, I, 404, 426.
496 “side-show”: James, Gallipoli, 321.
497 “General Monro was”: Churchill, II, 489.
498 “on the strength”: Beaverbrook, I, 164.
498 “Well, Commodore”: Keyes, Memoirs, I, 437.
498 “It is not often”: Ibid., 449.
499 “Most secret. Decipher yourself”: Ibid., 450.
499 “I have seen the place”: Ibid, 461.
500 “I realised”: Wemyss, 220.
500 “All indications”: Ibid., 224.
500 “a disastrous mistake”: Ibid., 224–25.
500 “The Navy is prepared”: Ibid., 225–26.
500 “The ‘unanimous military opinion’ ”: Wemyss, 226.
500 “responsible generals”: Keyes, Memoirs, I, 489.
501 “As long as war exists”: Wemyss, 241.
502 “Mr. Balfour was most sympathetic”: Keyes, Memoirs, I, 520.
502 “he had always felt”: Ibid., 522–23.
502 “Searching my heart”: Churchill, II, 169.
CHAPTER 28: THE BLOCKADE OF GERMANY
503 “the miracle weapon”: Ritter, III, 119.
504 “the nearest run thing”: Longford, Wellington, I, 489.
504 “Mr. President”: Bell, 547.
505 “in conformity”: Ibid., 38.
505 “all materials useful”: Guichard, 17.
506 “A close commercial blockade”: Bell, 31.
507 “Finally, to further empower”: Chatterton, Big Blockade, 30.
508 “We have only two objects”: Bell, 52.
508 “conditional contraband is liable”: Guichard, 23.
508 “the efficient conduct”: Tuchman, Guns of August, 334.
509 “The surest way”: Grey, II, 104.
509 “to secure the maximum”: Ibid., 107.
510 “was conducted”: Bell, 34.
510 “We rather feared”: Chatterton, Big Blockade, 51.
511 “A campaign protracts itself”: Bell, 194.
512 “There is nothing certain”: Groos, I, 54–55.
513 “During the last week”: Bell, 63.
513 Scheer’s complaints about the impact of the British blockade are in Scheer, 215–17.
515 “From a purely military point of view”: Tarrant, U-boat Offensive, 12.
516 “The gravity of the situation”: Scheer, 223.
516 “Viewed from the standpoint”: Bell, 206.
517 “Gentlemen, always realize”: Cecil, II, 221.
517 On December 21: The Tirpitz-Wiegand interview is in Bell, 210–11.
517 “he wished to sound”: Görlitz, 51.
518 “eminent financiers”: Bell, 211.
518 “The waters surrounding”: Ibid., 217.
519 “It was disloyal”: Tirpitz, II, 146–47.
519 “Pohl, by his vanity”: Görlitz, 296.
519 “Instead of which”: Ibid.
519 “We are not in a position”: Bell, 208.
520 “England would be forced”: Tirpitz, II, 150.
520 “a silly question”: Ibid.
520 “For urgent political reasons”: Scheer, 230.
520 “This order makes success impossible”: Ibid.
520 “H.M. the Emperor has commanded”: Ibid.
521 “if, in spite of the exercise”: Tarrant, U-boat Offensive, 14.
521 “a handful of naval officers”: Bell, 219.
521 “The question that really troubles me”: Simpson, 31.
521 “war has no amenities”: Bacon, Fisher, I, 121.
521 “one flag”: Simpson, 31.
521 “There were a few points”: Churchill, II, 280.
521 “losses will no doubt”: Bell, 221.
522 “an indefensible violation”: Charles Seymour, Neutrality, 33.
522 “une chose énorme”: Bell, 217.
523 “in the interest”: Görlitz, 68.
523 “absolutely crazy”: Ibid., 65.
523 “when they are recognizable”: Jarausch, 274.
526 “with the avowed object”: Bell, 233.
526 “I think we may say”: Ibid., 241.
527 “an atrocious act of lawlessness”: Dos Passos, 123.
527 “wanton and indiscriminate”: Simpson, 120.
527 “the growing number”: Jarausch, 275.
527 “could not be responsible”: Bell, 424.
CHAPTER 29: LUSITANIA AND THE AMERICAN REACTION
528 “Just now”: Preston, 49.
529 “NOTICE”: Ibid., 91.
529 “Madam, your secret is safe”: Ibid., 96. This story and many others describing the passengers and the last voyage of the doomed ship are presented by Diana Preston in her recent, detailed book Lusitania.
530 “The American people”: Simpson, 83.
530 “This afternoon”: Charles Seymour, House Papers, I, 361.
530 “bloody monkeys”: Preston, 108.
531 “Royal Navy Reserved Merchant Cruiser”: Preston, 386.
531 “Either the Lusitania”: Simpson, 151.
532 “Yes, by God”: Preston, 216.
532 “trying to put life jackets”: Ibid., 233.
532 “soon gave it away”: Ibid., 204.
534 “faces registered”: Frost, 235–36.
534 “and the Emperor and Government”: Preston, 294.
534 “My highest appreciation”: Ibid., 308.
534 “With joyful pride”: Simpson, 9.
535 “My life would not”: Heckscher, 23.
535 “stern, absolute”: Ibid., 24.
536 “I shall not aid”: Dos Passos, 10.
536 “political suicide”: Heckscher, 269.
536 “talking to Mr. Bryan”: Spring-Rice, II, 202.
536 “by self-inflicted degrees”: Heckscher, 295.
536 “Everything that I love”: Bell, 48.
537 “the example of America”: Ibid., 425.
537 “I do not know”: Heckscher, 365.
537 “The government of the United States”: Bell, 428.
538 “a strict accountability”: Charles Seymour, Neutrality, 16.
538 “has permitted in silence”: Bell, 247.
538 “Are you sure the American”: Gerard, 258.
538 “as safe as if”: Bell, 425.
538 “traveling on a volcano”: Ibid.
538 “for the immediate future”: Ibid., 426.
538 “the most definite instructions”: Ibid.
539 “In a comparatively short”: Ibid., 423.
539 “I am myself positive”: Ibid., 431.
540 “stubbornly repeated that”: Ibid., 433.
540 “Whatever may be the facts”: Ibid., 435.
540 “The United States cannot admit”: Ibid., 436.
541 “You people are not neutral”: Preston, 341.
541 “steely glitter”: Charles Seymour, House Papers, II, 6.
541 “Mr. Bryan, you are not warranted”: Ibid.
541 “it must be taken”: Bell, 438.
541 “there would appear”: Ibid.
541 “arrogant”: This and the following are from ibid., 439.
542 “The events of the past”: Ibid., 441.
542 “ghastly”: Tirpitz, II, 233.
542 “servile”: Ibid., 282.
542 “a contemptible little man”: Ibid., 339.
542 “kowtowing”: Ibid., 172.
542 “America is so shamelessly”: Ibid., 351.
542 “as I had been shot at”: Bell, 442.
543 “I cannot continue to walk”: Jarausch, 278.
546 “ineffective, illegal and indefensible”: Bell, 545.
546 “There is no parallel”: Ibid., 446.
547 “if all restrictions were removed”: Tirpitz, II, 172.
548 “His Majesty took”: Görlitz, 126.
548 “mad dog”: Ibid.
548 “A desperate situation”: Ibid., 136.
549 “smoked cigarette after cigarette”: Ibid., 140.
549 “His Majesty’s nerves”: Ibid., 145.
549 “The grave anxiety”: Ibid., 146.
549 “indescribable”: Blücher, 120.
551 “utterly incompatible”: Bell, 594.
551 “If it is still”: Ibid.
551 “impertinence:” Heckscher, 386.
551 “until further orders”: Tarrant, U-boat Offensive, 30.
552 “to escape”: Ibid.
552 “the cessation”: Ibid.
CHAPTER 30: THE EVE OF JUTLAND
554 “We knew that Scheer”: Weizsäcker, 30.
555 “was of cheerful disposition”: Ibid., 31.
555 “One could not find”: Marder, III, 42.
557 “terrible pain”: Philbin, 123.
557 “You know I am very fond”: Waldeyer-Hartz, 192–93.
558 “Vice Admiral Hipper no longer possesses”: Philbin, 124.
558 “coming forward”: Ibid.
558 “I agree”: Ibid.
559 “another raid”: Marder, II, 433.
563 “hammer and tongs”: Waldeyer-Hartz, 203.
565 “covering the sea”: Hase, 69.
566 “I heard rumors”: Beatty Papers, I, 274.
566 “The horrid Forth”: Chalmers, 207.
566 “I wish we could entice them”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 184.
566 “Until the High Seas Fleet”: Ibid., 203.
567 “a horrible crunching”: Tarrant, Battleship Warspite, 20.
567 “the stronger I make Beatty”: Ibid., 225.
567 “terrible disappointment”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 188.
567 “collectively and separately”: Gordon, 46.
568 “This is a great mistake”: Marder, III, 41.
568 “shockingly unprofessional”: Gordon, 56–57.
569 “I’m glad to say”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 175.
571 “coaling, sleeping”: Gordon, 30.
571 “I should not select it”: King-Hall, 36–37.
571 “as smooth”: Ibid., 36.
571 “it was, I suppose”: Copplestone, Silent Watchers, 2.
572 “Jellicoe . . . worked”: Marder, II, 443.
572 “Every night”: Dreyer, 96.
572 “It’s splendid”: Winton, 160–61.
572 “Look here, Jack”: Bacon, Jellicoe, 235.
573 “of a particularly lurid description”: Bacon, Jellicoe, 245.
573 “five French” and “United States press”: Jellicoe, Grand Fleet, 245.
573 “I am not at all well”: Winton, 161.
573 “You must take”: Ibid.
573 “I am laid”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 132.
573 “My beloved Jellicoe”: Bacon, Jellicoe, 228.
573 “feeling really fit”: Ibid., 146.
573 “Please don’t overdo”: Beatty Papers, I, 281.
574 “a totally different being”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 185.
574 “I expect you will know”: Bacon, Jellicoe, 239.
574 “At ease”: Gordon, 18.
574 “smiling, clapped his hands”: Winton, 167.
574 “I am being pressed”: Beatty Papers, I, 301–2.
574 “You ask me”: Ibid., 303.
575 “Germans intend”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 254.
576 “After a thoroughly”: Bingham, 133.
576 “blazing red”: Brown and Meehan, 95.
576 “Inside the ships”: Gibson and Harper, 102.
578 “If there is no news”: Jellicoe Papers, 259.
CHAPTER 31: JUTLAND: BEATTY VS. HIPPER
579 “about a thousand bare-headed sailors”: Gordon, 71.
579 “We did not appear”: Ibid., 73.
580 “In the Jade”: Irving, 36.
580 “No definite news”: Gordon, 73.
580 “a party of very clever fellows”: Marder, III, 47.
580 “Those chaps”: Ibid.
582 “Ridiculous,” “angry”: Gordon, 72–73.
582 “buffoon”: Ibid., 416.
583 “Ship ahead blowing off steam”: Oakeshott, 36.
583 “Green two five”: Ibid., 37.
583 “Enemy in sight”: Official Despatches, 443.
583 “Two cruisers, probably hostile”: Ibid.
584 “Nearly everyone agreed”: Hase, 73.
584 “Clear for action”: Ibid., 77.
584 “When we turn north”: Official Despatches, 443.
585 “The only way”: Bacon, Jutland Scandal, 178.
586 “putting on as many clothes”: King-Hall, 130.
586 “All the cups”: Gordon, 105.
586 “urinal buckets”: Costello and Hughes, 127.
587 “Have sighted”: Official Despatches, 444.
587 “Smoke seems to be”: Ibid., 445.
587 “Sea suitable for getting off”: Ibid., 433.
589 “it was one”: Chalmers, 229.
589 “Suddenly my periscope”: Hase, 80.
589 “how splendid”: Oakeshott, 42.
590 “The enemy battle cruisers”: Chatfield, 140–41.
590 “a moment of supreme tension”: Raeder, 66.
590 “The six ships”: Hase, 81.
590 “dense masses of smoke”: Ibid., 83–84.
591 “The Zeiss lenses”: Ibid., 86.
591 “His unruffled calm”: Waldeyer-Hartz, 204.
591 “could not be separated”: Ibid., 205.
591 “Hipper left his telescope”: Ibid.
591 “from this time on”: Fawcett and Hooper, 62.
592 “With each salvo fired”: Hase, 85.
592 “His curiosity”: Ibid.
593 “Q turret has gone”: Chatfield, 143.
593 “No further confirmation”: Chalmers, 231–32.
593 “We were altering course”: Fawcett and Hooper, 17.
594 “with their huge bow waves”: Chalmers, 233.
593 “It happened so suddenly”: Fawcett and Hooper, 18.
594 “Behind the battle cruiser line”: Hase, 93.
594 “Although out in the open sea”: Tarrant, Warspite, 23.
595 “quivered and reverberated”: Gibson and Harper, 133.
595 “The Queen Mary was firing less rapidly”: Hase, 89.
595 “I saw one salvo”: Fawcett and Hooper, 19–20.
596 “We disappeared”: Ibid., 18–19.
596 “Princess Royal blown up, sir”: Churchill, III, 129.
596 “There seems to be something wrong”: Chatfield, 143.
598 “Those of us”: Goodenough, 95.
598 “We saw ahead of us”: Ibid.
598 “If you’re going to make”: Ibid.
598 “URGENT”: Official Despatches, 453.
599 “the weather was extremely clear”: Scheer, 147.
599 “Course of enemy’s battle fleet”: Official Despatches, 453.
599 “I can truthfully say”: Marder, III, 71.
599 “Simply by steering”: Chalmers, 243.
599 “Alter course”: Official Despatches, 453.
600 “I suddenly saw”: Fawcett and Hooper, 67–68.
601 “The turning point”: Ibid., 60–61.
601 “the securing of arteries”: Ibid., 49.
601 “a lull in the action”: Ibid., 14–15.
602 “When we turned”: Ibid., 61.
602 “until swelling from burns”: Gordon, 410.
602 “did his best”: Ibid.
602 “Six, eight, nine salvos”: Ibid., 411.
602 “Everything was dark chaos”: Fawcett and Hooper, 64.
602 “The effect was agonizing”: Tarrant, Warspite, 35–36.
602 “restless agony”: Ibid., 36.
603 “On its way”: Fawcett and Hooper, 72.
603 “three stokers dead”: Gordon, 413.
604 “Give chase”: Scheer, 149.
604 “Prepare to renew”: Official Despatches, 455.
CHAPTER 32: JUTLAND: JELLICOE VS. SCHEER
606 “large amount of smoke”: Official Despatches, 444.
606 “Smoke seems to be”: Ibid., 445.
607 “several ships were flying”: Fawcett and Hooper, 98.
607 “Am engaging enemy”: Official Despatches, 450.
607 “Proceed immediately”: Ibid., 451.
608 “under fire from enemy battleships”: Tarrant, Jutland, 281.
608 “a great cloud”: Bennett, Jutland, 103.
608 “Look after yourself”: Ibid., 104.
609 “a shell took off”: Ibid.
609 “Yes, I am engaging”: Official Despatches, 451.
609 “Have sighted enemy”: Ibid., 452.
609 “Enemy’s battle fleet”: Ibid., 453.
609 “every face radiant”: Schoultz, 118.
609 “Urgent. Fleet action”: Official Despatches, 453.
609 “in a state of very great excitement”: Marder, III, 94.
609 “Balfour stayed”: James, A Great Seaman, 155.
610 “You must steer”: Official Despatches, 450.
610 “Keep just clear”: Ibid., 452.
610 “Can you pass”: Ibid., 454.
610 “What can you see”: Ibid., 457.
610 “our battle cruisers”: Ibid.
610 “I wish somebody”: Bacon, Jellicoe, 265.
611 “suddenly burst”: Gordon, 433.
611 “Where is enemy’s battle fleet”: Official Despatches, 457.
611 “Enemy’s battle cruisers bearing southeast”: Ibid., 458.
611 “Enemy battle fleet in sight”: Ibid., 459.
612 “I therefore decided”: Jellicoe, Grand Fleet, 350.
612 “One must agree”: Tarrant, Jutland, 123.
612 “I heard the signalman”: Dreyer, 146–47.
613 “Dreyer, commence”: Ibid., 147.
613 “the supreme moment”: Corbett, III, 361.
613 “the peak moment”: Marder, III, 101.
613 “Dreyer, I think it is time”: Dreyer, 149.
613 “as thick as the traffic”: Marder, III, 112.
614 “fired a salvo over us”: Fawcett and Hooper, 81.
614 “a light cruiser squadron”: Marder, III, 117.
614 “dressed in all her glory”: Tarrant, Warspite, 31.
615 “Twenty-four hours earlier”: Gibson and Harper, 176.
615 “berserk”: Marder, III, 113.
615 “while center stage”: Gordon, 443.
616 “got a bit rattled”: Ibid., 447.
617 “highly satisfactory”: Tarrant, Invincible, 97.
617 “The gunnery”: Hayward, 118.
618 “Your firing is very good”: Official Despatches, 168.
618 “At 6.29 p.m., the veil of mist”: Hase, 102–3.
618 “I have never seen anything”: Fawcett and Hooper, 130.
618 “My gun layer”: Ibid.
618 “Pick up survivors”: Official Despatches, 460.
618 “had not a scratch”: Fawcett and Hooper, 136.
618 “Is wreck”: Official Despatches, 462.
619 “a kind of paralysis”: Waldeyer-Hartz, 208.
619 Hipper’s conversations with Raeder and Harder are in ibid.
619 “a hole as big”: Ibid., 210.
620 “breaking into a ripple”: Gordon, 440.
621 “had but the foggiest idea”: Marder, III, 225.
621 “It was now obvious”: Scheer, 152.
621 “in the vicinity”: Tarrant, Jutland, 281.
622 “While the battle is progressing”: Frost, Battle of Jutland, 328.
622 “I could not see”: Marder, III, 123.
623 “Can you see”: Official Despatches, 461.
623 “a heavy shock”: Ibid., 67.
624 “all sense of danger”: Wheeler-Bennett, 97.
625 “If the enemy followed”: Scheer, 155.
625 “It was as yet too early”: Tarrant, Jutland, 151.
625 “The fact is”: Weizsäcker, 33.
626 “if I’d done it”: Marder, III, 128.
626 “bunched together”: Irving, 163.
627 “an almost continuous flickering”: Ibid., 157.
627 “Splinters penetrated”: Official Despatches, 80.
627 “Schlachtkreuzer ran”: Groos, V, 319.
628 “We were steaming”: Hase, 110–13.
628 “Operate against”: Tarrant, Jutland, 283.
629 “altered course to starboard”: Fawcett and Hooper, 121–22.
630 “following exactly in our course”: Ibid., 117.
630 “torpedo was either deflected”: Ibid.
631 “eight or even more”: Irving, 173.
632 “full confidence”: Marder, II, 76.
633 “Submit van”: Official Despatches, 466.
633 “posturing”: Gordon, 467.
633 “To tell the truth”: Marder, III, 145.
633 “Follow our battle cruisers”: Official Despatches, 468.
CHAPTER 33: JUTLAND: NIGHT AND MORNING
635 “I went back”: Dreyer, 151.
636 “must have inevitably led”: Jellicoe, Grand Fleet, 372.
636 “It was known to me”: Ibid., 373.
636 “Nothing would make me fight”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 271.
637 “to steer south”: Official Despatches, 21.
637 “fulfill three conditions”: Jellicoe, Grand Fleet, 374.
637 “No night intentions”: Bennett, Battle of Jutland, 128.
637 “made from dark slabs” Costello and Hughes, 206.
638 “Please give me challenge”: Official Despatches, 473.
639 “First sign of enemy challenge”: Tarrant, Jutland, 286.
639 “the ‘V’ became an ‘X’ ”: Gibson and Harper, 220.
639 “I can’t help who it is”: Goodenough, 96.
639 “Those who have not”: Marder, III, 162–63.
640 “A signalman suddenly”: King-Hall, 149–53.
641 “Three [German] destroyer flotillas”: Official Despatches, 474.
641 “I should not for a moment”: Admiralty Narrative, 108.
641 “German battle fleet ordered home”: Official Despatches, 475.
641 “The lamentable part”: Marder, III, 174.
642 “Of course, if the Admiralty” Bennett, Jutland, 135.
642 “criminal neglect”: Marder, III, 176.
642 “had left the War Room”: Bennett, Jutland, 135.
643 “and all the time”: Fawcett and Hooper, 179.
643 “A blaze of searchlights”: Ibid., 173.
644 “four big ships”: Ibid., 193–94.
645 “At 11.40”: Official Despatches, 219–20.
646 “constant attacks by torpedo craft”: Ibid., 201.
646 “At 11.35 p.m., we observed”: Ibid., 271.
646 “which I surmised”: Ibid., 195–96.
646 “whether the various observations”: Gordon, 487.
647 “that the crew”: Scheer, 161–62.
647 “a grand but terrible”: Ibid., 162.
647 “URGENT. PRIORITY. Enemy’s battle fleet”: Marder, III, 166.
648 “URGENT. I am attacking”: Ibid.
648 “Amidships on the waterline”: Fawcett and Hooper, 208.
648 “Every now and then”: Legg, 122.
648 “A cruiser on fire”: Fawcett and Hooper, 202–3.
648 “violent action flared up”: Bennett, Jutland, 127.
649 “Owing to the bad visibility”: Official Despatches, 598.
651 “I did not challenge her”: Ibid., 93.
651 “I missed the chance”: Marder, III, 184.
652 “It was inadvisable”: Official Despatches, 376.
653 “These difficulties rendered it undesirable”: Jellicoe, Grand Fleet, 385.
653 “the double purpose”: Marder, III, 188.
653 “lifted its nose”: Fawcett and Hooper, 213.
654 “Damage yesterday”: Official Despatches, 488.
654 “Enemy fleet has returned”: Ibid.
654 “None appeared to suffer”: Fawcett and Hooper, 196.
654 “I want to ascertain”: Official Despatches, 506.
654 “wreck of Queen Mary”: Ibid.
654 “When did Queen Mary”: Ibid., 509.
654 “Was cause of sinking”: Ibid., 511.
654 “Do not think it was mines”: Ibid., 514.
656 “bobbing about”: Fawcett and Hooper, 93.
656 “triumph of organization”: Ibid., 94.
656 “sat down on the settee”: Chalmers, 262.
656 “[It was] an awful sight”: Gordon, 470.
656 “The wounded who could speak”: King-Hall, 156.
657 “Very rapidly”: Gordon, 477–78.
657 “how he had found”: Marder, III, 495.
657 “poor charred bodies”: Bennett, Jutland, 153.
657 “poor, unrecognisable scraps”: Gordon, 496.
657 “an awful smell”: Hayward, 146–47.
CHAPTER 34: JUTLAND: AFTERMATH
658 “not yet returned”: Marder, III, 234.
658 “intoxicated with its victory”: Ibid.
658 The German newspaper headlines I quote appear in Tarrant, Jutland, 247.
658 “Trafalgar Is Wiped Out”: Gibson and Harper, 256.
659 “annihilation”: Ibid.
659 “the arrogant presumption”: Ibid., 256–57.
659 “almost hysterical”: Marder, III, 234.
659 “The journey”: Tarrant, Jutland, 274.
659 “cock-crowing”: Marder, III, 235.
659 “Nevertheless”: Ibid., 253.
660 “prompt contradiction”: Irving, 9.
660 London newsboys: Gibson and Harper, 258.
661 “On the afternoon”: Newbolt, IV, 3.
661 “I desired”: Marder, III, 243.
661 The quotations from the Daily Telegraph and Daily News are taken from ibid., 241.
661 “They’ve failed me”: Gordon, 498.
662 “having driven the enemy”: Newbolt, IV, 6.
662 “substantial victory”: This and the following quotations are from Marder, III, 243–44.
662 “Will the shouting”: Tarrant, Jutland, 250.
663 “It is not customary”: Gordon, 504.
663 “The German fleet has assaulted”: Tarrant, Jutland, 250.
663 “talked twaddle”: Beaverbrook, 71.
663 One night over dinner: Dugdale, 115–16.
663 “Rightly or wrongly”: Magnus, 372.
664 “the dirtiest night”: Gordon, 503.
664 “a timetable”: Jellicoe, Grand Fleet, 423.
664 “I feel in a measure”: Marder, III, 237.
666 “the superiority”: Ibid., 198.
666 “the supreme quality”: Tirpitz, I, 173.
666 “Hit first”: Marder, III, 203.
668 “laughable” and “broken to pieces”: Chatfield, 153.
668 green boys: Marder, III, 263.
669 “May I go outside”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 268.
669 “God bless you, Sir”: Ibid., 270.
669 “Your deployment into battle”: Fisher, FGDN, III, 358.
669 “You were robbed”: Marder, III, 236–37.
669 “I hope that”: Ibid., 237.
670 “I often feel”: Ibid.
670 “I missed”: Ibid.
670 “First, I want to offer you”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 277.
670 “I spent an hour”: Marder, III, 238.
670 “As you well know”: Ibid.
670 “arrogant, slipshod”: Ibid., 246.
670 “There is no doubt”: Ibid.
671 “If Jellicoe had grasped”: Ibid., 245.
671 “Now that it is all over”: Beatty Papers, I, 369.
671 “It was nothing”: Marder, III, 81.
672 “Scheer had but”: Ibid., 226.
673 “Neither Lion nor Princess Royal”: Harper, Truth, 157.
675 “he would have led”: Marder, III, 105.
675 “I hope I would”: Ibid.
675 “He fought to make”: Ibid., 226.
675 “I am not particularly sensitive”: Jellicoe Papers, I, 288.
676 “I do not understand”: Beatty Papers, I, 280.
676 “based solely:” Harper, Truth, 5.
676 “we do not wish”: Jellicoe Papers, II, 465.
677 “Well, I suppose”: Ibid., 471.
677 “It is to be supposed”: Pollen, The Navy in Battle, 338–39.
677 Harper described Pollen: Harper, Truth, 146.
677 “full of errors”: Jellicoe Papers, II, 412.
677 “almost unreadable”: Winton, 287.
677 “a man of tearful yesterdays”: Bellairs, 80.
678 “outrageous and intolerable”: Harper, Truth, 170.
678 “It is, apparently”: Ibid., 169.
678 “I am the luckiest person”: Ralph Seymour, 71.
678 “ ‘Flags’ is my Food Dictator”: Beatty Papers, I, 408.
678 “lost three battles”: Marder, II, 140.
678 “rose in all Hell’s fury”: Roskill, Beatty, 316.
678 “The Admiralty are bent”: Bacon, Jellicoe, 438.
678 “On learning of the approach”: Patterson, Jellicoe, 233.
678 “The carelessness”: Jellicoe Papers, II, 417–18.
678 “It is . . . of course”: Ibid.
678 “If you had seen”: Bacon, Jellicoe, 440.
679 “A British squadron was worsted”: Bacon, Scandal, 97.
679 “A want of tactical competence”: Ibid., xv.
679 “Beatty now made a decision”: Harper, Truth, 50–51.
679 “Then, full of ardor”: Bacon, Scandal, 90.
679 “It is unpalatable”: Harper, Truth, 69–70.
679 “Lord Beatty’s political power”: Jellicoe Papers, II, 462.
680 “the absence of even approximately”: Marder, III, 90, 93.
680 “the consequences to Britain”: Churchill, III, 110.
681 “the standpoint”: Ibid., 112.
681 “The dominant school”: Ibid., 111.
681 “The attempt to centralise”: Ibid., 169.
681 “the Royal Navy must find”: Ibid., 169–70.
681 “Mr. Churchill as he sits”: Bacon, Scandal, 194.
682 “He beckoned me over”: Gordon, 519.
682 “stayed on deck”: Ibid., 521.
683 “High Seas Fleet may be sighted”: Marder, III, 292.
683 “Scouting by airships”: Ibid., 298.
CHAPTER 35: AMERICA ENTERS THE WAR
686 “Where does incompetence”: Jarausch, 294.
686 “As you wish”: Görlitz, 199.
686 “I am ready”: Hindenburg, 81.
687 “When the Quartermaster General”: Kürenburg, 325.
687 “Every day is important”: Jarausch, 344.
688 “America had better”: Gerard, Four Years, 252.
688 “nothing more than a sieve”: Ludendorff, General Staff, 278.
689 “the decision for an unrestricted”: Ibid., 281.
689 “directly affects our relations”: Ibid.
689 “He kept us out of war”: Ritter, III, 301.
691 “Charles E. Hughes”: Heckscher, 415.
691 “the election of Mr. Hughes”: Baker, VI, 296.
691 “It was a little moth-eaten”: Heckscher, 415.
692 “if Germany won”: Charles Seymour, House Papers, I, 293.
692 “He holds no office”: Ibid., II, 113.
693 “Mr. House is my second personality”: Ibid., I, 115.
693 “You are the only person”: Ibid., 116.
693 “personal friend of the President”: Ibid., 247.
693 “Instead of sending”: Ibid., II, 113.
693 “My Dear Theodore”: Spring-Rice, II, 252.
693 “My Dear Cabot”: Ibid., 291.
693 “Uncle Henry”: Ibid., 180.
693 “a little book by a Jew-boy”: Ibid., 170.
693 “Jew bankers”: Ibid., 248.
693 “Jews capturing”: Ibid., 245.
693 “feeling a sympathy”: Charles Seymour, House Papers, II, 99.
693 “At one time”: Ibid., 76.
693 “I would be glad”: Ibid.
693 “Sir Cecil’s nervous temperment”: Ibid., 57.
693 “There is a strong sense”: Spring-Rice, II, 343.
694 “Our blockade measures”: Ibid., 354.
694 “The President rarely”: Ibid., 366.
694 “I have been in Russia”: Ibid., 372.
694 “Here [in Washington]”: Ibid., 368.
694 “The president’s great talents”: Ibid., 374.
694 “There would come days”: Wilson, 116.
694 “There was one mistake”: Grey, II, 160.
695 “If Wilson wins”: Bernstorff, 244.
695 “The whole situation”: Ibid., 246.
695 “Demand for unrestricted”: Ibid., 254–55.
695 “Desirable to know”: Ibid., 260.
695 “We are thoroughly”: Ibid., 266.
695 “Urge no change”: Ibid., 260.
696 “The German people wish”: Tuchman, Zimmermann Telegram, 126.
696 “a man broken”: Ibid., 121.
696 “Boiled Crow”: Curtain, 152.
696 “We are all gaunt”: Blücher, 158.
697 “To propose to make peace”: Cecil, II, 242.
697 “Intensified submarine war”: Jarausch, 297.
697 “was threatened by a peace move”: Tuchman, Zimmermann Telegram, 127.
697 “In a deep moral”: Gerard, Four Years, 353–54.
698 “Soldiers!”: Ibid., 354.
698 “it was not unknown”: Chamberlain, 111.
698 “visibly flabbier”: Lloyd George, II, 411.
698 “to enter into a conference”: Cowles, 375.
698 “Since I do not believe”: Jarausch, 297.
699 “diplomatic and military preparations”: Ludendorff, General Staff, 294.
699 “It may be”: Charles Seymour, House Papers, II, 404.
699 “we do not want”: Bernstorff, 275.
699 “I go to no conference”: Balfour, 371.
699 “butt in”: Lloyd George, II, 280.
699 “There had been”: Ibid.
700 “There will be no war”: Charles Seymour, House Papers, II, 412.
700 “Ich pfeife”: Herwig, Politics of Frustration, 121.
700 “If it were not for”: Curtain, 120.
700 “30,000 killed”: Ibid., 121.
700 “An ambassador is supposed”: Gerard, Four Years, 219.
701 “to tell the kaiser”: Ibid.
701 “I have nothing”: Ibid.
701 “Your Excellency”: Ibid., 250.
701 “I said that”: Ibid., 366.
701 “While you might invent”: Ibid.
701 “Do you come”: Ibid., 339.
701 “charged Germany”: Ibid., 340.
701 “If two men”: Ibid., 341.
701 “If the chancellor”: Ibid., 342–43.
702 “Wilson and his press”: Ibid., 313.
702 “ ‘You are the American’ ”: Ibid., 226–27.
702 “We are fighting”: Balfour, 375.
702 “We must resume”: Ludendorff, General Staff, 293–94.
703 “for which I alone”: Ibid., 295–96.
703 “Unfortunately, our military situation”: Ibid., 298–99.
703 “A decision must be reached”: Scheer, 248.
703 “The backbone of England”: Ibid.
704 “We may reckon”: Ibid., 249–50.
704 “After our peace feelers”: Görlitz, 229.
704 “Oh, I am most unhappy”: Daisy of Pless, 256.
704 Buzzie: Ibid., 31.
705 “even if the chancellor”: Görlitz, 299.
705 “agitated and depressed”: Ibid.
705 “For two years”: Ibid.
705 “If the military authorities”: Ludendorff, General Staff, 340.
705 “in the course”: Tuchman, Zimmermann Telegram, 139.
705 “I pledge on my word”: Reischach, 261.
705 “We are in a position”: Ludendorff, General Staff, 305.
705 “Of course, if”: Ibid., 306.
705 “I command”: Ibid.
706 “Have we lost”: Reischach, 260.
706 “American intervention”: Bernstorff, 281.
706 “This government”: Ibid., 280.
707 “war inevitable”: Ibid., 306.
707 “I do not care”: Görlitz, 232.
707 “Remarkable as this may sound”: Bernstorff, 302.
707 “Victory would mean”: Ibid., 310–14.
707 “Peace without victory”: Knock, 113.
707 “House suddenly”: Bernstorff, 319–20.
707 “Please thank the president”: Ibid.,7320–22.
708 “Agreed, reject”: Charles Seymour, American Neutrality, 24.
708 “striped like a barber’s pole: Tuchman, Practicing History, 168.
708 Handing the note: The Lansing-Bernstorff conversation is reported in Lansing, 211–12.
708 “the German people”: Bernstorff, 344.
708 “In America you wanted”: Ibid., 352.
708 “He looked up”: Tumulty, 254–55.
709 “You will see”: Gerard, Four Years, 376.
709 “contempt and hatred”: Herwig, Politics of Frustration, 124.
709 “a fat, rich, race”: Trask, 44.
709 “gruesome”: Görlitz, 237.
709 “I refuse to believe”: Charles Seymour, House Papers, II, 442.
709 “The main point”: Spring-Rice, 377–78.
710 “He is endeavoring”: Tuchman, Zimmermann Telegram, 162.
710 “leaking like a basket”: Wesley Frost, 88–91.
710 “a very jolly”: Charles Seymour, House Papers, I, 186.
711 “is filled with the best of intentions”: Bülow, III, 178.
711 “The United States does not dare”: Gerard, Four Years, 237.
711 “I told him”: Ibid.
711 “Gentlemen, there is”: Tuchman, Zimmermann Telegram, 113.
711 “relations between”: Gerard, Four Years, 363.
711 “so long as such men”: Bülow, III, 301.
712 “We intend”: The text of the Zimmermann telegram appears in Hendrick, III, 333.
713 “Good Lord”: Lansing, 228.
713 “Germany Seeks Alliance”: New York Times, March 1, 1917.
713 “If he does not go to war”: Heckscher, 435.
713 “a communication”: Ibid., 437.
713 “fanatical pro-German”: Lansing, 239.
713 “I shall never forget it”: Spring-Rice, 389.
713 “The present German”: Baker, VI, 510–14.
CHAPTER 36: THE DEFEAT OF THE U-BOATS
715 “a veritable cemetery”: Churchill, IV, 362.
717 “The shipping situation”: Jellicoe Papers, II, 125.
717 “The world’s ports”: Fayle, quoted by Marder, IV, 65.
717 “The position is exceedingly grave”: Jellicoe Papers, II, 146.
718 “dirty trick”: Kemp, 13.
719 “barbarous” and “contrary to the rules”: Sims, 144.
720 “Stand by”: Ibid., 185.
722 “vermin”: Chatterton, Gallant Gentlemen, 175.
722 “some of the most admirable”: Sims, 170.
722 “a record of gallantry”: Jellicoe, The Crisis of the Naval War, 73.
722 “A tramp steamer”: Campbell, 108.
722 “should the Officer”: Chatterton, Q-Ships, 193–94.
722 “Don’t speak”: Campbell, 187.
724 “a terrific explosion”: Ibid., 271.
726 “Mr. S. W. Davidson”: Sims, 4.
726 “rely upon the last ship”: Ibid., 79.
726 “Don’t let the British”: Klachko and Trask, 58.
726 “a small man”: Sims, 7–8.
726 Greeting his visitor: The Sims-Jellicoe conversation is reported in ibid., 9.
727 “a big, exuberant boy”: Ibid., 15–16.
728 “long and distant service”: Taffrail, 327.
728 “Wherever possible”: Marder, IV, 121.
728 “A submarine could remain”: Terraine, 53.
728 controlled sailings: Marder, IV, 138.
729 “totally insufficient”: Ibid., 122.
729 “Absolutely impossible”: Sims, 107.
730 “palsied and muddle-headed Admiralty”: Lloyd George, III, 95.
730 “atmosphere of crouching”: Ibid., 83.
730 “condition of utter despair”: Ibid., 81.
730 “paralytic documents”: Ibid., 80.
730 “fear-dimmed eyes”: Ibid., 85.
730 “stunned pessimism”: Ibid., 86.
730 “High Admirals”: Ibid., 108.
730 “men whose caution”: Ibid., 81, 95.
730 “announced his intent”: Ibid., 106.
730 “and spent”: Hankey, II, 650.
731 “On the 30th”: Beaverbrook, 155.
731 “Apparently the prospect”: Lloyd George, III, 107.
731 “a travesty”: Patterson, Jellicoe, 174.
731 “virtually preclude”: Jellicoe Papers, II, 114.
731 “My impression”: Marder, IV, 162.
731 “was the result”: Jellicoe, The Submarine Peril, 130–31.
731 “The little popinjay”: Bacon, Jellicoe, 388.
731 “something between”: Dangerfield, 22.
731 “My father”: Richard Lloyd George’s remarks are on pages 42 and 63 of his book, My Father, Lloyd George.
732 “had enjoyed more sleep”: Marder, IV, 186.
732 “too many eggs”: Ibid., 131.
733 “establish a square mile”: Sims, 111.
733 “The size of the sea”: Churchill, IV, 364.
733 “The oceans at once”: Doenitz, 4.
734 “the British nation”: Sims, 55.
734 “Dine in undress”: Ibid., 56.
734 “When will you be ready”: Ibid., 58.
735 “He watched over”: Ibid., 65.
735 Uncle Lewis: Ibid., 75.
735 “attributed his success”: Marder, II, 12–13.
735 “a peculiarly difficult man”: Anglo-American Naval Relations, 213.
735 “I do not consider”: Ibid., 219.
735 “I have a suggestion”: Ibid., 225.
736 “To command you”: Bayly, 249.
736 “First, the depth charge”: Sims, 153–54.
737 “Then a propeller”: Ibid., 225.
737 “There was a lumbering noise”: Ibid., 226.
737 “All night long”: Ibid., 227.
737 “a sharp, piercing noise”: Ibid.
737 “In all, twenty-five shots”: Ibid.
737 “We have thirty-seven destroyers”: Jellicoe Papers, II, 163.
CHAPTER 37: JELLICOE LEAVES,BEATTY ARRIVES, AND THE AMERICANSCROSS THE ATLANTIC
739 “uncrowned King”: Marder, IV, 54.
739 “My only qualification”: Ibid., 55.
739 “As long as I am”: Beaverbrook, 151.
739 “I am overwhelmed”: Jellicoe Papers, II, 123.
739 “I spent from 10.30 a.m.”: Ibid., 127.
739 “The Imperial War Cabinet meets”: Ibid., 154.
739 “seedy but indomitable”: Jellicoe Papers, II, 139.
740 “You will remember”: Ibid., 156.
740 “I have got myself”: Ibid., 173.
740 “Wherever you read”: Beaverbrook, 162.
740 “the PM is hot”: Roskill, Hankey, 406.
740 “had his knife”: Marder, IV, 327.
740 “At one point”: The Carson-Jellicoe conversation is reported in Bacon, Jellicoe, 390.
740 “reptile press”: Marder, IV, 110.
740 “You kill him”: Ibid., 327.
740 “No one can feel”: Ibid., 323.
741 “The British Admiralty has done”: Anglo-American Naval Relations, 71.
741 “extraordinary folly”: Ibid., 107.
741 “It fell to me”: Marder, IV, 110.
741 “One can gather”: Jellicoe, Submarine Peril, 36.
741 “ambivalent”: Marder, IV, 327.
741 “what the intriguers set”: Beatty Papers, II, 174.
741 “J. J. was always”: Ibid., I, 426.
741 “I telephoned Mr. Pollen”: Ibid., 422.
741 “I talked to Pollen”: Ibid., 429.
742 “unless I were present”: Lloyd George, III, 113.
742 “a giant figure”: Sims, 258.
742 “masquerading”: Marder, IV, 213.
742 “a general today”: Ibid., 176.
742 “We have been upside down”: James, A Great Seaman, 159–60.
742 “used to bother me”: Ibid., 159.
742 “I said that the organisation”: Jellicoe Papers, II, 240–41.
743 “for his services”: Ibid., 243.
743 “After very careful”: Ibid., 246.
743 “I have received”: Ibid., 246–47.
743 “It’s a good thing”: Marder, IV, 341.
743 “Dear Sir”: Jellicoe Papers, II, 247.
743 “a title usually reserved”: Bacon, Jellicoe, 386.
743 “in the way I thought”: Jellicoe Papers, II, 246.
744 “the change was not”: Ibid., 245.
744 “We had full confidence”: Ibid., 248.
744 “was the only man”: Ibid., 249.
744 “I would remind you”: Ibid., 250.
744 “we have realised”: Ibid., 254.
744 “disgraceful”: Ibid.
744 “mutinous”: Ibid., 255.
744 “scandalous”: Ibid.
744 “I cannot find words”: Ibid., 256.
744 “Never a man”: Ibid., 257.
744 “No one knows better”: Ibid., 260.
744 “I look upon”: Ibid.
744 “We want you back”: Ibid., 263.
744 “Sack the lot!”: Bacon, Jellicoe, 389.
745 “The whole time”: Beaverbrook, 181–82.
745 “At sea, a figure”: Gordon, 523.
745 “There was too much”: Roskill, Beatty, 206.
746 “One of my difficulties”: Jellicoe, Submarine Peril, 159.
746 “Only by keeping”: Beatty Papers, I, 462.
746 “The torpedo menace”: Ibid., 460.
747 “the correct strategy of the Grand Fleet”: Marder, V, 134.
747 “Luck was against us”: Ibid., IV, 298.
748 “We do have”: Ibid., 314.
748 “out of control”: Ibid., V, 151.
749 “because it is exercise”: Hunter, 17.
749 “Here, we can’t let it stand”: Ibid., 21.
749 “utterly unpredictable”: Marder, IV, 26.
749 “worse than Jutland”: Ibid.
750 “Darling Tata”: Roskill, Beatty, 203.
750 “You accuse me”: Chalmers, 216–17.
750 “You must give me”: Ibid.
750 His reply: These letters from Beatty to Eugenie appear on pages 204, 205, 209, 211, 217, 221, 223, 226, 230, and 231 of Stephen Roskill’s biography, Earl Beatty: The Last Naval Hero. Roskill, a former Royal Navy captain, was the official historian of the Royal Navy in World War II.
751 “You must know”: Beatty Papers, I, 449.
751 Eugenie asked Beatty: The letters that follow (including Beatty’s verse) appear on pages 235, 254, 255, 263, and 266 of Roskill, Beatty.
752 “dirty dog”: Beatty Papers, I, 386.
752 “a demagogue”: Ibid., 431.
752 Geddes a “dirty dog” and “weak as ditch water”: Ibid., 452.
752 “The Jew Montagu”: Ibid., 451.
752 Churchill “a dead dog” and “a disappointed blackguard”: Ibid., 445.
752 “a selfish beast”: Roskill, Beatty, 281.
752 “I am truly devoted”: Ibid., 265.
752 “Heaps of love”: Beatty Papers, II, 35.
752 “perpetual black despair” and “present dog’s life”: Roskill, Beatty, 304.
752 “quite impossible” and “an interesting young man”: Ibid., 341.
753 “The future position of the United States”: Jones, 6.
753 “The U.S. believes”: Anglo-American Naval Relations, 331.
754 “I cannot see”: Ibid., 332.
754 “a dear old cup of tea”: Roskill, Beatty, 230.
754 “I am determined”: Herwig, The Politics of Frustration, 25.
755 “Why, I shall stop”: Ibid., 31.
755 “Unsparing, merciless assaults”: Ibid., 52.
755 “2 to 3 battalions”: Herwig and Trask, 44.
756 “a glorious golden dawn”: Hunter, 13–14.
756 “climbed to the crest”: Ibid., 94.
757 “I came on deck”: Ibid., 95.
757 “distinctly poor”: Jones, 44.
757 “desperately keen”: Roskill, Beatty, 243.
757 “It is not that it blows”: Anglo-American Naval Relations, 342.
757 “I have seen”: Rodman, 283–84.
757 “this greatest”: Jones, 58.
758 “too cold for men”: Anglo-American Naval Relations, 361.
758 “I am sending”: Beatty Papers, I, 508.
758 “lavender, snow-powdered hills”: Hunter, 99.
758 “the atmosphere was crystal”: Ibid., 103.
758 “the north burst”: Ibid.
758 “the coast of Norway”: Ibid.
758 “she was not ready”: Jones, 43.
759 “exceptionally fine”: Ibid., 55.
759 “rather as an incubus”: Anglo-American Naval Relations, 327.
759 “where they were least likely”: Jones, 44.
760 “United States is prepared”: Anglo-American Naval Relations, 374.
760 “It is physically”: Ibid., 376–77.
761 “U.S. naval authorities”: Ibid., 391.
CHAPTER 38: FINIS GERMANIAE
764 “If an English delegation”: Görlitz, 245.
765 “A force of about”: Vandiver, II, 728.
765 “naked so to speak”: Herwig, First World War, 422.
766 Kaiserschlacht: Görlitz, 346.
766 “There was no surprise”: Churchill, IV, 411–13.
766 the Paris Gun: Moyer, 245.
766 “to coordinate the action”: Vandiver, II, 875.
767 “Infantry, artillery, aviation”: Ibid., 876.
767 “obstinate” and “stupid”: Herwig, First World War, 407.
767 “There would be”: Vandiver, II, 849.
767 “the roads . . . began”: Churchill, IV, 454.
768 “The moral effect”: Vandiver, II, 898.
768 “You’re prolonging”: Ludendorff, II, 683.
768 “August 8”: Ibid., 679.
768 “The war must be ended”: Ibid., 684.
769 “You don’t know Ludendorff”: Görlitz, 406.
769 “Then, all of a sudden”: Barnett, 340.
770 “overworked” and “drive”: Goodspeed, 260.
770 “We are absolutely finished”: Fischer, 630.
770 “gradually paralyzing”: Ibid., 627.
770 “almost incomprehensible”: Ibid.
770 “I hope that”: Ibid., 628.
770 “By the mistaken operation”: Geis, 255.
770 “like lightning”: Fischer, 630.
771 “at once”: Ibid., 634.
771 “ten, eight”: Goodspeed, 268.
771 “I want to save my army”: Ibid.
771 “I am not a magician”: Cecil, II, 278.
771 “will consent to consider”: Max of Baden, II, 88.
772 “Brutes they were”: Gibson and Prendergast, 323.
772 “The navy does not need”: Herwig, German Naval Officer Corps, 240.
772 “To allow ourselves to be”: Ludendorff, II, 748.
772 “concession to Wilson”: Ibid., 756.
772 “must deal with”: Balfour, 397.
772 “The hypocritical Wilson”: Ibid., 398.
772 “the audacity”: Ibid.
773 “a demand”: Ludendorff, II, 761.
773 “You stay”: Cecil, II, 285.
773 “Siamese twins”: Ibid.
773 “I refuse”: Görlitz, 413.
773 “an honorable battle”: Marder, V, 173.
773 “The High Seas Fleet is directed”: David Woodward, 114.
774 “complete freedom of action”: Scheer, 353.
774 “I did not regard it”: Horn, 209–10.
774 “I specifically reiterate”: Ibid., 210.
775 “a tactical success”: Marder, V, 173.
775 “suicide mission”: Philbin, 160.
775 “an honorable death”: Horn, 221.
777 “My dear admiral”: Herwig, German Naval Officer Corps, 261.
777 “Now you must let me”: Bülow, III, 329–30.
778 “The German people” and “Très bien”: Moyer, 297.
778 “For He’s a Jolly Good Fellow”: Ralph Seymour, 118.
779 At seven o’clock on the evening: Beatty’s two meetings with Admiral Meurer are related in Beatty’s letter to Eugenie, Beatty Papers, I, 572–74, and in Ralph Seymour, 120–21.
780 “I saw a leg of mutton”: Chatfield, 175.
780 “the low-lying, sinister forms”: King-Hall, 231.
781 “In nearly every case”: Ibid., 232.
781 “as the sun sank”: Ibid., 236.
782 “My heart is breaking”: Herwig, German Naval Officer Corps, 266.
782 “We cannot do better”: Hunter, 177.
783 “The German flag”: Marder, V, 191.
783 “I took the fleet flagship”: Chatfield, 176–77.
785 “madhouse”: Van Der Vat, The Grand Scuttle, 147.
785 “all internal watertight doors”: Marder, V, 279.
786 “Paragraph Eleven”: Ibid.
787 “with a dreadful”: Van Der Vat, The Grand Scuttle, 173.
787 “a drifter towing”: Ibid., 176.
788 “German battleship sinking”: Marder, V, 281.
788 “violated common honor”: Ibid., 283–84.
788 “I look upon the sinking”: Wemyss, Life and Letters, 432.
788 “I rejoice”: Woodward, 184–85.