Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
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Aachen, 259, 263
Abramson, Harry, 157
Acheson, Dean, 285, 301
Ago’n, Phadrig, 108
Ainsworth, Ed, 194–95
Air Force, US, bands of, 310
Aldrich, Richard, 114, 115
Allegro, 307
All-Union Society for Cultural Ties Abroad (VOKS), 186, 189
Alpers, Benjamin, 434n
American Broadcasting Station, 206
American Committee for Cultural Freedom, 261
American Communist Party, 193, 289, 292
American Defense Society, 104
American Federation of Labor, 147
American Federation of Musicians, 147, 265, 437n
Local 802 of, 261, 262, 307
American Hebrew, 152–53
Americanism, 310
American Jewish Congress, 224, 243
American Legion, 92, 102–3, 109, 111, 253, 285, 293
Illinois, 301
Manhattan Naval Post of, 108
American Mercury, 200
American National Exhibition, 347
American National Theater and Academy (ANTA), 327–28, 330, 346
Americans for Intellectual Freedom, 287, 291
American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers, 327
American Society of Newspaper Editors, 323
American Veterans Committee, 236, 238, 247
“Anchors Aweigh,” 214
Anna Karenina (Tolstoy), 303
Ann Arbor, Mich., 268
Ansermet, Ernest, 168
anti-Americanism, 17, 35, 79, 95
anti-communism, 236, 266, 285, 287–89, 306, 307, 310, 345, 350
anti-German sentiment, 4–6, 7, 11–20, 25–29, 32–33, 39, 42–43, 45, 57–59, 69–80, 85, 87–88, 102–13, 156, 175, 178, 187
anti-immigrant sentiment, 178
anti-Japanese sentiment, 172, 178
anti-Semitism, xvii, 129, 130–32, 140, 143–44, 150, 152, 156, 157, 182, 228, 243
Arkansas, 312
Army, US, 4, 23, 28, 214
102nd Infantry Division chorus, 211–12
Arnold, Benedict, 251
art, 67, 117, 175, 197, 199, 212, 281
link between politics and, xxii, 132, 159, 166, 171–72, 209, 234, 241, 271, 305, 351
national rivalries transcended by, xxiii, 123, 218
sanctity of, 233
universality of, 180, 213
Associated Transport, 371
Atkins, Charles D., 68
Atlanta, Ga., 87
Atlantic Ocean, 4, 6, 13, 89, 123, 131, 169, 175, 220, 330, 367
Auschwitz concentration camp, 229
Austin, Elizabeth, xvi
Austria, 212, 221, 264
Austrian Army, 41, 47, 49, 92, 93, 134
Austro-German Musicians’ Relief Fund, 122
Austro-Hungarian Empire, 6, 20, 25, 55, 58, 90, 93, 94
Bach, Johann Sebastian, 21, 27, 28, 69, 88, 173
St. Matthew Passion, 76
Badoglio, Pietro, 201
“Ballad for Boston, A,” 81–82
Baltimore, Md., 65, 116, 120, 122
Baltimore Sun, 144, 158, 159, 166, 315, 337–38, 343
Baptist Church, xii
Barber, Samuel, 330
Adagio for Strings, 267, 335
Barbirolli, John, 174
Barenboim, Daniel, xxv
Barnum, P. T., xvii–xviii
Barrett, William, 306
Bartók, Béla, 138, 243, 307, 360
Bayreuth Festival, 122, 131, 132, 134, 139–44, 163, 164, 177
Bechstein pianos, 123
Beethoven, Ludwig van, xvi, xix, xx, 19, 21, 23, 27, 28, 33, 58, 59, 81, 152, 365–66, 379
First Piano Concerto, 362, 365, 367, 368
Third Symphony “Eroica,” 44, 61, 69, 89, 103–4, 173, 207, 208, 224, 331
Fifth Symphony, 88–89, 90, 201, 214, 265, 352
Sixth Symphony, 16, 374
Seventh Symphony, 169, 335, 349, 350–51
Ninth Symphony, 24, 40, 69, 163–64, 165, 193
Fidelio, 254
Leonore Overture, 269
Violin Concerto, 92–93, 227
Beethoven Festival Orchestra, 40
Beijing, 374, 375
Beijing Central Philharmonic Orchestra, 374
Belgium, 13, 32, 55, 81
Berkshire Music Center, 344
Berkshire Music Center Orchestra, 192–93
Berlin, 4, 7, 12, 57, 59, 69, 97, 118, 123, 132, 139, 145, 151, 211, 217, 218, 220, 227, 274, 307
Titania Palast, 219
see also East Berlin; West Berlin
Berlin, Irving, “God Bless America,” 208
Berlin Denazification Board for Creative Artists, 218
Berliner Morgenpost, 361
Berlin Festival, 362
Berlin Philharmonic, 46, 145, 150, 151, 210, 217, 219, 224, 227, 229, 259–70, 360
Berlin Senate, 265
Berlin State Opera, 115–16, 147, 150, 151, 152, 154, 259
Berlin Wall, 357
Berlioz, Hector, 90, 191, 375
Berman, Morton M., 224
Bernstein, Felicia, 350–51
Bernstein, Leonard, xxiii, 281, 337, 344–55, 345
conducting style of, 361
cultural diplomacy of, 355, 361–62, 368–69
lecturing of, 347–48, 352–53, 360, 363–67
left-wing causes of, 344–45
as New York Philharmonic conductor, 320–21, 344–53, 360–70
Russians and Americans compared by, 348–49
on Soviet regime, 457n
Bernstorff, Count von, 26
Berv, Harry, 134
Beverly Hills, Calif., 243
Biancolli, Louis, 191, 265
Bing, Rudolf, 254–59, 255
“Bird Song, The,” xvii
Blair, Floyd, 327
Blech, Leo, 116
Blight, Reynold E., 40
Blitzstein, Marc, 206, 281
Bloomingdale’s, 217
Boas, Franz, 152
Bodanzky, Artur, 4, 16, 114, 139
Bohemia, 7
Bohn, Frank, 148
Bologna, 136, 137, 138, 139
Bolsheviks, 138, 196, 197
Bookstein, Stanley R., 263
Bosch, Albert, 324–25
Boston, Mass., xvii, 59, 61, 70, 93, 116, 197, 198, 246–47
Esplanade Concerts, 208
ethnic German population of, 402n
Symphony Hall, 60, 75, 79, 120, 213, 246, 268
Boston Globe, 81, 120, 213, 246, 268, 330–31, 332, 375
Boston Herald, 80, 194, 213
Boston Latin School, 344
Boston Opera House, 116
Boston Post, 79, 95, 97
Boston Symphony, xx, 11, 21, 30, 45, 59–66, 72–75, 79–83, 93–94, 138, 173, 192, 194, 197, 198, 206–7, 213, 280, 327, 328, 344
Friends of the Symphony support group of, 332
overseas tours of, 329–33, 355, 357, 375
Boulanger, Nadia, 297
Boyes, Shibley, 359
Brahms, Johannes, 19, 21, 23, 27, 33, 37, 48, 60, 69, 244, 247, 263, 357, 365
First Symphony, 264
Third Symphony, 74
Fourth Symphony, 152
Academic Festival Overture, 44
B Flat Piano Concerto, 169
Brailowsky, Alexander, 225
Braun, Eva, 211
British Broadcasting Company (BBC), 206
Brit Trumpeldor of America, 244, 266, 269
Bronson, Arthur, 200
Brooklyn, N.Y., 64, 69, 75, 287, 297, 313
Brooklyn Academy of Music, 71, 73, 74
Brooklyn Eagle, 114, 148, 159
Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, 68, 75
Brown, Perry, 285–86
Brussels, 89
Buchenwald concentration camp, 243, 272
Buchwald, Art, 347
Budapest, 149
Buenos Aires, 220
Buffalo Philharmonic, 318
Bülow, Hans von, 223
Busbey, Fred, 308, 309–10, 317
Busch, Adolf, 131, 168, 236
Busch, Fritz, 127, 130–31, 168, 236
Cabot, Henry, 327, 333
Cadmon, Charles, 19
Cairo, 154, 161, 186
Calderon, Joseph, 278
Cambridge, Mass., 61, 231, 283
Canada, 17, 243
capitalism, 346, 347, 356
Carter, Edward, 189
Caruso, Enrico, 86
Casals, Pablo, 168, 318
Cassidy, Claudia, 221–22, 247, 267–68, 271–72
Catholicism, 132
Catholic War Veterans, 278, 293
CBS-TV, 348–49, 352–55, 362
Central Intelligence Agency, 262, 307
Central Peking Philharmonic, 375
Chaplin, Charlie, 250
Charles River, 197, 208
Charlottesville, Va., 310
Cheyenne, Wyo., xviii
Chicago, Ill., xix, xx, 2, 26, 32–37, 120–22, 177, 179, 210, 213, 220–24, 284, 301
Anshe Emet Synagogue, 223
Orchestra Hall, 43, 99, 224
Soldier Field, 208
Chicago Council of Pioneer Women, 224
Chicago Daily News, 210, 228, 230, 233
Chicago Federation of Musicians, 34
Chicago Herald and Examiner, 99
Chicago Opera Association, 101
Chicago Symphony, xix, xx, 32–37, 36, 99–100, 121, 122, 173, 193–94, 210, 214, 395n
Furtwängler and, 220–35, 240–41
Chicago Tribune, xii, 18, 35, 37, 100, 121, 172–73, 175, 176, 194, 222, 228, 229–30, 337
Childs, Marquis, 305–6
Chillicothe, Ohio, 50
China, People’s Republic of, 190, 213, 373–75
US relations with, 375
Chopin, Frédéric, 171
Chotzinoff, Samuel, 153
Christianity, 156, 239
Christians, Rudolph, 104
Christian Science Monitor, 283
Christians Producing Company, 104, 105–6
Christopher, George, 252
Cincinnati, Ohio, xx, 45–56, 268, 398n
Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, 52, 88
Cincinnati Enquirer, 49, 53
Cincinnati Post, 53
Cincinnati Symphony, 45–50, 52–56, 88
Cincinnati Times-Star, 55
Cisneros, Eleonora de, 91
Citizens Committee of One Hundred, 266
Civil War, Spanish, 314
Civil War, US, xviii, xx, 61
Clark, Delbert, 233–34
Clark, Tom, 281
classical music, xxi–xxv, 303, 335, 357–58, 377–78
dwindling interest in, 378
importance of, in American life, xv–xvi, xxii, xxv, 214, 377
inspirational quality of, 172, 199, 209
as pathway to peace, 212, 320–22, 326
political significance of, xiv–xv, xxi–xxii
relevance in contemporary US of, xii–xiii, xxv
relevance in nineteenth-century US of, xvi–xxi
relevance in US, from World War I to Cold War, xiii–xvi, xxi, xxv
Clemenceau, Georges, 115
Cleveland, Ohio, 176, 194, 214, 268, 371–72
Cleveland Orchestra, 176, 328, 370–73
Cleveland Plain Dealer, 368–69
Cliburn, Mrs. (Van’s mother), 336, 339, 341
Cliburn, Van, xiv, 335–44, 336
Tchaikovsky Competition won by, xi, 335–36, 337–38
ticker tape parade for, xi, xii, 341
Cohen, Ethel, 257–58
Cohn, Roy, 312, 313, 315
Cold War, xiii, xiv, xvi, xxii–xxiii, 284, 285, 299, 306–9, 323, 324, 343, 355, 358, 374, 377–78
American lives affected by, 279, 318–19
music and, 297
Collinsville, Ill., 5–6
Cologne, 33
Colorado, University of, 317
“Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean,” 87
Columbia Artists Management, 261, 262, 337
Columbia University, 150, 152, 284, 288
Commentary, 306
Commerce Department, US, 324
Committee on Public Information (CPI), 13
Common Sense, 182
Commonweal, 234
communism, xxiv, 195, 262, 281, 286, 289, 292, 298, 308, 310–15
propaganda of, 304, 311
Soviet, 212, 278, 283, 284, 291, 300, 304, 314, 323, 324
Communist Party, 193, 283, 284, 286, 309, 311, 334
American, 193, 289, 292
Composers’ Forum Committee, 317
concentration camps, 219, 229, 230, 242, 243, 256, 272
Concertgebouw Orchestra, 266
Condon, George, 368–69
Congress, US, 3, 33, 51, 170, 238, 309, 326
Public Law 663 passed in, 324
Congress for Cultural Freedom, 307
Congressional Record, 308
Constitution, US, 353–54
Fifth Amendment to, 313
Cook, Nicholas, xxi
Cooper, Bernice Sara, 152
Copland, Aaron, 213, 278, 281, 297–300, 298, 330, 334, 348, 353, 360–61, 379
diary of, 316
A Lincoln Portrait, 308–10, 317–18
political investigation of, 307–18
Quiet City, 335
El Salón México, 361
Coppola, Jo, 342
Corigliano, John, 302
Cornell University, 92
Counts, George, 288, 292
Cousins, Norman, 288–89
Craven, H. T., 90
Creston, Paul, 330
Crosby, John, 370
Cultural and Scientific Conference for World Peace, 277–78, 283–301, 304–5, 315, 318
opposition to, 284–88, 292–300
“peace” tour plan of, 300–301
Curtis Institute, 344
Czechoslovakia, 277, 332
Daily Worker, 193
Damrosch, Walter, 9, 16, 90, 92, 105, 116–17, 138
Flagstad affair and, 248
on internationalism of music, 8–9, 173
Muck affair and, 67
performance of German classics defended by, 20–21, 26–27, 117
Danube River, 211
Darmstadt, 59, 61
Daughters of the American Revolution, 73
Davies, Joseph, 198
Davies, Marjorie, 198
Debussy, Claude, 244, 334
Declaration of Independence, 353–54
Defauw, Désiré, 213
De Koven, Reginald, 88, 89, 104
The Canterbury Pilgrims, 4
democracy, xxi, 3, 21, 130, 147, 196, 197, 201, 203, 215, 225, 249, 273, 277, 289, 292, 294, 310, 321
Democratic Party, 309, 312, 323
Denazification Committee of the inter-Allied board, 219
Detroit, Mich., 90, 120, 122, 268
Detroit Symphony, 138
Dewey, John, 138, 287
Dewey, Thomas, 286–87
Ditson, Mrs. A. M., 84–85
Donaghey, Frederick, 100
Dos Passos, John, 287
Downes, Olin, 133, 177, 191–92, 200, 202–3, 207, 249, 293–94, 296
Dresden, 6, 7, 22
Dresden Opera, 130
Drew, John, 106
Dr. Zhivago (Pasternak), 349–50
Dulles, John Foster, 342
Dunkley, Ferdinand, 91
Dürer, Albrecht, 181
Durgin, Cyrus, 246, 268, 332
Dvořák, Antonin, 50, 378
East Berlin, 369
East Germany, 360
Eastman, Max, 292
Eastman School of Music, 214
East-West competition, 274, 281, 290, 320–22, 324, 325, 358, 362
Edinburgh Festival, 327
Edman, Irwin, 284
Ed Sullivan Show, The, 317
Ehrlich, Mrs., 257
Einstein, Alfred, 175
Eisenhower, Dwight D., xii, 273, 308, 321, 329, 333, 342
foreign policy of, 322–24
Eisenhower, Mamie, 342
Eisler, Paul, 104
Elder, Thomas, 22–23
Elementary Song Book, 39
Elie, Rudolph, 213
Elish, Annie, 148
Ellis, C. A., 62, 63
Ellis Island, 239
England, 36, 78, 190, 286
Etude, 184, 205
Fadeyev, A. A., 284, 286, 290, 301
Farrar, Geraldine, 177, 249, 391n
Farrell, James T., 261–62, 283
fascism, xiii, xiv, xxiv, 135–37, 139, 169, 186–87, 195, 200, 202–4, 224, 237, 273, 286, 291, 294, 418n
Fascist Party, 135, 138
Fassett, James, 326–27
Fay, Laurel, 445n
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 344
Feuermann, Emmanuel, 168
Fiedler, Arthur, 214
Finland, 313
Fischer, Ernst, 263
Fitzgerald, John F., 208
Fitzpatrick, Alfred, 243
Flagstad, Kirsten, 213, 244–59, 245, 273, 278
political problems of, 244–47
Fletcher, Richard, 25, 26
Fogle, Dawn, 310
Ford Motor Company, 353, 360, 362, 369, 459n
Fort Clinton, Ohio, 372
Fort Oglethorpe, Ga., 44, 53–55, 77, 79, 80, 94, 98
Fort Thomas, Ky., 53
France, 6, 28, 56, 78, 81, 93, 105, 109, 115, 203, 206, 213, 239, 286, 297
Franck, César, Symphony in D Minor, 81
Franco-Prussian War, xx, 41, 81
Frankenstein, Alfred, 192, 254
Frankfurt, 40, 132
Franklin, Benjamin, 354
freedom, xxi, 35, 153, 179, 186, 197, 199, 201, 204–5, 239, 273, 279, 286, 354, 373
absence of, 292
creative, 305, 311
intellectual, 287, 292–93
Freedom House, 287, 290–91
French Army, 80
French language, 11
Furtwängler, Wilhelm, 129–30, 146, 68, 160, 242, 260, 262, 271–73, 422n
Chicago Symphony post offered to, 220–35, 240–41
conducting technique of, 223, 271
death of, 271, 272
debate on wartime role of, 210, 213, 216–34
Hindemith affair and, 150–51
New York Philharmonic post offered to, 129, 145
opposition to Philharmonic appointment of, 147–49, 152–59
Toscanini and, 129, 149, 154, 163–65, 424n
Gabrilowitsch, Ossip, 122–23, 138, 139–41
Gadski, Johanna, 11, 17–18, 101–3, 101, 411n
Galvin, John, 55
Garbett, Arthur S., 184
García, Maria, xvi
Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 204
“Hymn,” 201
Garrison, William Lloyd, 21
Gates, Susa Young, 69
Gatti-Casazza, Giulio, 7, 29–30, 114–15
Gauk, Alexander, 331
Geneva, 221, 230
Geneva conference, 329
Gerard, James W., 4, 57
German Army, xiii, 13, 17, 157, 235, 239
German Cultural Ministry, 237
Germania Musical Society, xix
German language, xiv, xix, 5, 11, 13, 14, 17–18, 23, 27, 28, 37, 38, 91, 100, 104–5, 107–11, 115–17, 119, 174, 181, 267, 272
German Navy, 10, 13
submarines in, 10, 15, 16, 98
Germany, xix, xxiv, 3
musical tradition of, xiv–xv, 6, 7, 9–11, 13–19
US relations with, xiv, xv, 169
Germany, Nazi, xxiv, 21, 127–32, 139–43, 147–56, 159, 163, 178–79, 182, 187, 231, 233, 234, 237, 240, 270, 271, 274, 310, 434n
alliance of Italy and, 201–2
Allied defeat of, 206, 208–9, 211
Anschluss absorption of Austria by, 166, 167
US declaration of war against, 169
see also Nazism
Germany, postwar, 215–21, 360–70
“denazification” of, 215–16, 218–19, 227, 228, 237
Germans, prejudice against, 4–6, 7, 11–20, 25–29, 32–33, 39, 42–43, 45, 57–59, 69–80, 85, 87–88, 102–13, 156, 175, 178, 187
Gershwin, George, 378
Gienow-Hecht, Jessica, xviii, 388n
Gieseking, Walter, 213, 235, 262, 273, 278
death of, 271, 272
Nazi ties of, 235–44, 439n
Gilbert, Rodney, 306
Gilels, Emil, 323, 338
“Giovinezza,” 135–36
Glantz, Harry, 134
Glass, Philip, 387n
Glière, Reinhold, 334
“God Save the King,” 86
Goebbels, Joseph, 150, 151, 165, 167–68, 210, 224, 225, 237
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 28, 49
Goetze, Klaus, 231–32
Goldberg, Simon, 229
Gold Star Mothers, 293
Goldstein, Israel, 144
Good Housekeeping, 180
Göring, Hermann, 147, 210, 225
Goritz, Otto, 17, 29, 101, 107, 109, 113
Graf, Max, 234
Grant, Ulysses S., xx
Grant, W. T., 200
Great Britain, 6, 15, 213, 254
Great Depression, 129
Greeks, ancient, xxiii, 174
Greene, Norman, 242
Gregory, Thomas Watt, 51
Grieg, Edvard, 91, 247
Grierson, Francis, 58, 70
Gunn, Rex, 253
Guthrie, William, 105
Haggin, B. H., 191, 241
Haifa, 161, 162
Hale, Philip, 60
Hamburg, 7, 40, 131, 222
Handel, George Frideric, xx, 50
Messiah “Hallelujah Chorus,” 208
Handel and Haydn Society, 61
Hanson, Howard, 214, 330
Harbach, Otto, 327
harmony, xxiii, 212
Harrar, William, 152
Harriman, George E., 148
Harrington, Donald, 241–42
Harris, Roy, Third Symphony, 361
Harvard observatory, 284
Harvard University, 10, 61, 344
Haydn, Joseph, xix, 28, 268
London Symphony, 265
Hebrew language, 161, 368, 459n
Hebrew Union College–Jewish Institute of Religion, 268
Heifetz, Jascha, 225
Heller, Anatole, 356
Hellman, Lillian, 289
Henderson, W. J., 153, 155
Hendley, Charles J., 147
Herbert, Victor, 122–23
Herseth, Adolph, 222
Hersey, John, 280
Hertz, Alfred, 40–42
Higginson, Henry, 59, 61, 62, 71–72, 79
Hindemith, Paul, 150–51, 296–97, 306
Hiroshima, 211
Hirschmann, Ira A., 147, 155, 217–18
Hitler, Adolf, xxiv, 17, 120, 132, 143–44, 146, 151, 152, 156, 160, 165, 187, 197, 210, 238, 240, 258, 260–61, 267, 271, 273, 310
death of, 211
German musicians linked to, 212, 213, 215, 217–18, 220, 224, 237, 244, 259–70, 272
Stalin’s pact with, 313
Toscanini’s petition to, 127, 128, 129, 139–40, 141, 142
Wagner’s music and, 131, 176, 182, 183, 184
Hitlerism, 140, 198, 291
Hofmann, Josef, 122–23
Hollywood, Calif., 296
Holocaust, 212, 224, 258
“Home on the Range,” 207
Hook, Sidney, 287, 289, 290–92
Hopi Indians, 175
Horowitz, Joseph, xviii, 10, 388n
Horowitz, Vladimir, 168, 169, 199, 225, 228, 237, 439n
House of Representatives, US, 4, 326
Appropriations Committee of, 324
Education and Labor Committee of, 324–25
Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) of, 286, 308, 311
Houston Symphony, 305, 336
Hovde, Bryn, 284–85
Howe, Irving, 306–7
Hubbard, Charles S., 49
Huberman, Bronislaw, 122–23, 160–62, 163
Hume, Paul, 263–64, 310
Humperdinck, Engelbert, 25, 33
Hurd, Richard M., 104
Hutcheson, Ernest, 179
Hylan, John Francis, 105, 106, 107, 110
Hymn of the Nations (film), 203–6
Idlewild airport, 262, 339
Illinois, 308
Indianapolis, Ind., 256
Indianapolis Star, 256
International Congress of the American Musicological Society, 174
“Internationale,” 198, 433n
Iron Curtain, 277, 307, 328, 329, 333, 334
Ish-Kishor, Judith, 148
Italy, 130, 132–33, 137–39, 169, 177, 201–5, 272, 286, 312
alliance of Nazi Germany and, 201–2
Allied defeat of, 200
musical tradition of, xiv–xv, xvii
US relations with, xv, 179
Ives, Charles, The Unanswered Question, 347
Izvestia, 335
Jaffe, Irma, 270
Japan, 179, 243
Allied defeat of, 206–9, 211
Pearl Harbor attack by, 169, 170–72, 177, 197, 309
US declaration of war on, 169
Javits, Jacob, 325
Jay, Elizabeth “Lucie,” 25, 27–29, 42, 71–74, 104–5, 117, 393n
jazz, 303, 365
Jefferson, Thomas, 207, 277
Jelagin, Juri, 305
Jerusalem, 161
King David Hotel, 162
Jewish National Fund of America, 144
Jewish War Veterans, 238, 244, 263, 265, 269, 278, 293
Johnson, Edward, 174, 177
Johnson, Lyndon B., 370
Jones, Isabel Morse, 192, 194, 215
Juilliard School, 179, 329, 336, 356
Juliana, Crown Princess of the Netherlands, 193
Justice Department, US, 34, 37, 41, 51–53, 62, 75–77, 94, 102, 238, 281
Kabalevsky, Dmitri, 331
Kahn, Otto, 121
Kallen, Horace M., 148–49
Kansas City Musical Club, 42
Karajan, Herbert von, 213, 259–70, 260, 273, 278, 360, 435n, 441n–42n
Kasenkina, Oksana, 292
Kater, Michael, 228, 441n–42n
Kaufmann, Helen, 304
Keiser, David, 352
Kelley, Ruth, 168
Kennedy, Gurney, 317
Kennedy, John F., 318
Kenyon and Eckhardt agency, 369, 459n
Kerensky, Alexander, 291
Khachaturian, Aram, 282, 335
Gayane, 302
Khrushchev, Nikita, xi, 338–39, 352
“Kitchen Debate” between Richard Nixon and, 347
Kiev, 334, 347
Kilgore, Tex., 336
Kindler, Hans, 179
King, C. S., 107
King, Enna, 91
Kirov State Opera, 281
Klemperer, Otto, 127, 131–32
Knabe Piano Company, 123, 139
Koelling, Helene, 9
Kohler, Louis, 90
Kolodin, Irving, 236–37, 241, 249, 343, 394n
Kondrashin, Kirill, 340, 342
Korngold, Erich Wolfgang, 25
Die Tote Stadt, 414n
Kostelanetz, Andre, 225, 309
Koussevitzky, Olga, 317
Koussevitzky, Serge, 138, 173, 184, 192–99, 196, 206–7, 213, 280, 281, 344
Krafft, Serena, 229
Kramer, Lawrence, xxv
Krehbiel, Henry, 70, 114, 119–20
Kreisler, Fritz, 92–93, 141–42, 173
Kremlin, xi, 305, 339
Krupps munitions, 17, 103
Kuibyshev, Russia, 186, 429n, 430n
Kunwald, Ernst, 45–55, 46, 56, 59, 77, 88, 97–98, 401n
Kunwald, Lina, 46, 51, 52
Kuyper, George, 222, 226
Laderman, Samuel, 222
La Guardia, Fiorello, 147, 202, 208
LaGuardia Airport, 277
Lang, Paul Henry, 184, 265, 340–41
La Scala, 135, 138
Latin America, 174, 312, 321, 344
Leacock, Richard, 352–53
League of Composers, 309
Ledyard, Mrs. Lewis Cass, 27
Léhar, Franz, 40
Lehmann, Lotte, 152
Leifels, Felix, 22, 24
Leinsdorf, Erich, 175, 214
Leipzig, 132
Gewandhaus, 131
Lenin, Vladimir, 198
Leningrad, xiii, 282, 330–32, 334, 347, 430n
Nazi siege of, 185–86, 188–90, 195
Leningrad Conservatory, 189
Leonhardt, Robert, 4
Leventritt Award, 337, 341
Levine, Lawrence, xxi
Lhévinne, Rosina, 336–37, 338, 341
liberty, 151, 199, 354
Life, 190, 201, 202, 304
“Music and Collaboration” article in, 216–17
Lincoln, Abraham, 277, 308–9, 317
Lind, Jenny, xvii–xviii
Linnard, D. M., 39
Liszt, Franz, 8, 122, 336, 375
Rákóczy March, 90
Literary Digest, 113–14
Litvinov, Madame, 198
Litvinov, Maxim, 193, 198
Lobel, Murray, 225
Locarno Pact of 1925, 157
Lomax, Alan, 174–75
London, 132, 206, 221, 222, 231, 272
London Philharmonic, 220
“Long, Long Trail,” 87
Lord’s Prayer, 288
Lortzing, Albert, Tsar und Zimmermann, 111–12
Los Angeles, Calif., 19, 39–40, 102, 103, 192, 215
Hollywood Bowl, 207, 317
Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra, 317
Los Angeles Philharmonic, 132, 194, 359
Los Angeles Times, 39–40, 88, 103, 194, 215, 228, 292
Louisiana, 336
Louisville, Ky., 92
Lovett, Robert Morss, 138
Lucerne, 168, 227
Lucerne Music Festival, 168–69
Ludwig of Bavaria, King, 123
Lusitania, 27, 29, 32, 41, 98, 101, 107, 111, 113
Lyon, 235
Maazel, Lorin, 378
MacArthur, Douglas, 198
Macdonald, Dwight, 290
Macintyre, John, 68–69
Madison, James, 354
Mahler, Gustav, 149, 191
Mailer, Norman, 278
Manhattan Opera House, 116
Mann, Thomas, 175, 182–83, 236
Manning, William T., 73–74
Marek, George, 180
Marines, US, 198
Marks, Mrs. J. Christopher, 105
Marsalka, John, 301
“Marseillaise,” 36
Marxism, 153, 287
Mason, Daniel Gregory, 150–51
Massachusetts, 344
Massachusetts Committee for Russian War Relief, 196
Matinee Musical Club, 120
Matzenauer, Margaret, 94
Maxwell, Elsa, 104
Maxwell, Myra, 31
Mayer, Oscar, 100
Mayerhoffer, Edward, 19
Maynard, Eunice, 105
McCann, Richard, 285
McCarran-Walter Immigration Act, 269
McCarthy, Joseph, 307–10, 312–17, 353
McCarthyism, 281, 308
McClellan, John, 312
Medvedev, Alexsandr, 347
Mehta, Zubin, 359
Mein Kampf (Hitler), 183
Mendelssohn, Felix, xx, 88, 149, 162, 224, 244
A Midsummer Night’s Dream, 40, 161
Wedding March, 40
Mengelberg, Willem, 168
Menshikov, Mikhail , 340
Menuhin, Yehudi, 217, 218, 227–28, 231, 280
Meredith, Burgess, 203
Merola, Gaetano, 250–51
Mertens, André, 262, 267
Metropolitan Museum, 174
Metropolitan Opera, 4, 7, 10, 15, 18, 32, 40, 42–43, 75, 78, 91, 107, 123, 133, 282, 391n
Flagstad and, 244, 254–59
German operas removed from repertoire by, 29–30
Monteux and, 80, 86
protests over wartime performances of German operas at, 27-29
radio broadcasts of, 185
Wagner’s works performed at, 16, 17, 20, 113–14, 175, 180, 244, 413n, 414n
Mexico, 316
Michigan, University of, 268
Mikoyan, Anastas, 339
Milan, 135, 137–38, 165
Milhaud, Darius, 297
Miller, Arthur, 297
Miller, Mrs. H. W., 85
Milstein, Nathan, 171, 225, 228
Milwaukee, Wis., 6, 120, 247
Minneapolis, Minn., 214
Minneapolis Symphony, 37–38, 328
Mississippi River, xix
Mitropoulos, Dimitri, 214, 344
Moffett, Cleveland, 32
Monod, David, 215
Montana, 246
Monteux, Pierre, 80–81, 86, 94, 95, 171, 329
Moore, Grace, 208
Morgenthau, Henry, 200
Mormon Tabernacle, xviii
Morton, Lawrence, 243
Moscow, xi, xii, xiii, 274, 279, 280, 284, 294, 301, 304, 318, 320, 322, 330–32, 334–35, 337–39, 342, 429n
Sokolniki Park, 347
Moscow Conservatory, 338
Mount Holyoke College, 171
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, xix, 27, 28, 82, 88, 173, 216, 244, 263, 357
Haffner Symphony, 264
Muck, Karl, 11, 30, 44, 54, 59–80, 60, 82, 94, 98, 131
arrest and internment of, 45, 59, 75–77
campaign against, 62–65, 73-75
death of, 176–77
extramarital affair of, 79, 95–97
resignation from Boston Symphony of, 76
sabotage and espionage accusations against, 78, 85, 95, 407n
Swiss citizenship claim of, 77-78
Muck, Mrs. Karl, 94–97
Munch, Charles, 329
Mundt, Karl, 312
Munich, 145
music:
Communist perspective on, 295
as a constructive force, xxii–xxiii, 184, 214–15, 285, 320–21, 330, 335, 355, 358, 388n
and ethics of the future, 215
formalistic, 295, 306–7
gigantism in, xx
link between politics and, xxv, 379
twelve-tone, 302
unifying power of, 55, 285
as the universal language, xxiii, 88, 91, 214, 232, 273, 285, 326–27, 339, 375
see also classical music; popular music
Music Advisory Panel, 327–29, 356
Musical America, 7, 9, 16, 19, 25, 34, 37, 68, 69, 87, 107, 131, 168, 180, 181, 215, 271, 273, 326
Musical Courier, 18, 24, 30, 47, 74, 87, 93, 99, 109, 122, 124, 166, 207, 215, 326, 343
Musical Forecast, 180
musical nationalism, xxii–xxiv, 14, 21, 45, 86, 91–92, 129–30, 213, 321, 371
musical universalism, xxii, xxiv, 14, 20, 130, 213, 322, 348, 359
Mussolini, Benito, xxiv, 129–30, 134–36, 137–39, 148, 170, 200, 201, 204, 273, 418n
Mussorgsky, Modest, Pictures at an Exhibition, 335
Nabokov, Nicolas, 191, 296–97, 307
Nabokov, Vladimir, 296
Nagasaki, 211
Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 207
Nation, 21, 29, 118, 191, 241, 243
National Broadcasting Company (NBC), 186, 190, 192, 205
National Council of American-Soviet Friendship, 281
National Council of the Arts, Sciences and Professions, 284
National Federation of Music Clubs, 369
nationalism, 85, 255, 367
American, 4, 201, 341
musical, xxii–xxiv, 14, 21, 45, 86, 91–92, 129–30, 213, 321, 371
Pan-German, 182
National Symphony, 175–76
Navy, US, Pacific Fleet of, 170
Nazi Chamber of Culture, 151
Nazi Party, 130, 149, 216, 259–63, 266
Nazism, xxiv, 130, 143, 147, 148, 152, 157, 161, 165, 167, 172, 176, 178, 180, 183, 212–13, 230, 234–36, 241–43, 256, 259, 267, 270, 274, 310
Wagner link to, 182–84
see also Germany, Nazi
NBC Symphony Orchestra, xiii, 185, 187, 189–90, 195, 199, 202, 203, 208–9
NBC Transmitter, 205
Nettl, Paul, 216
Neuer, Berthold, 139–40
Newark, N.J., Mosque Theater, 301
New Deal, 286
Newhall, Richard, 252–53
New Haven, Conn., 88, 301
New Jersey, 6, 216
New Masses, 153
New Orleans, La., xvi, xviii
New Orleans Philharmonic, 328
New Republic, 191
“Wicked Music” article in, 309–10
New School, 147, 149, 285
Newsweek, 195, 216, 280, 304
New York, N.Y., xvi, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, 4, 7, 20–28, 43, 59, 67, 118–20, 171, 221, 300–303, 336
Aeolian Hall, 8, 117
Bryant Park, 291
Carnegie Hall, xii, 2, 06–07, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16, 23, 26, 42, 71, 73, 265–66, 268–69, 272, 289, 292–93, 302, 340
City Hall, 109, 119, 341
Community Church, 242
Empire State Building, 303
ethnic German population of, 392n
Hippodrome, 121
Hotel Astor, 105
Irving Place Theater, 107
Lewisohn Stadium, 208
Lexington Theater, 104–5, 107, 110–12, 116
Madison Square Garden, 87, 202, 203, 300
Saint Patrick’s Cathedral, 273
Soviet consulate, 292
Trinity Church, 73
Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, 278, 279, 283–84, 286–90, 292–93, 298, 301, 304, 306–7, 315, 318
New York Chronicle, 17, 25, 26, 28, 31, 32, 72, 394n
New York Daily Mirror, 241
New York Daily News, 353
New York Globe, 17
New York Herald, 20, 30, 73, 75
New York Herald Tribune, 144, 191, 219, 228, 242, 262, 280, 283, 306, 340, 343, 370
New-York Historical Society, 174
New York Philharmonic, xix, 8, 21–23, 27, 28, 117, 119, 134, 144, 151, 174, 195, 202, 217, 302, 326, 328, 337, 341
Asian tour of, 378–79
Bernstein as conductor of, 320–21, 344–53, 360–70
Furtwängler offered conducting post by, 129, 145
music of living German composers banned by, 24–25, 26
opposition to Furtwängler appointment of, 147–49, 152–59
radio broadcasts by, 184–85
recordings by, 345
Soviet and Eastern European touring of, 320, 327, 329, 345–52, 357, 360–70
Stransky as conductor of, 7, 10, 23, 24–26, 67, 89, 116, 117, 394n
Toscanini as conductor of, 127, 128, 132, 133, 139, 160, 185, 199, 418n
TV documentary on Berlin concert by Bernstein and, 352–55, 362–70, 459n
Wagner performed by, 10, 23, 89, 116, 160, 181–82
New York Post, 21, 153, 200, 342
New York Public Library, 327
New York State Supreme Court, 112–13
New York Sun, 153, 155, 241, 249–50
New York Symphony, xx, 8, 16, 20, 26–27, 67, 90, 92, 116–18, 130
New York Telegram, 74–75
New York Times, 16, 17, 18, 19, 31, 91, 110–11, 114, 117, 133, 143–44, 148, 150–52, 225, 233, 236, 250, 261, 265, 270, 272, 273, 283, 304, 310, 330, 338
New York Times Magazine, 183, 205
New York Tribune, 25, 31–32, 59, 70, 119–20
New York University, 287, 306
New York World, 74
New York World-Telegram, 265, 272
New York World-Telegram and Sun, 191, 337
Nicholson, George, 112–13
Nixon, Richard M., 347, 374
Nobel Prize, 350
Non-Sectarian Anti-Nazi League, 148, 167, 244
North Korea, 378–79
Norway, 245, 246, 248, 249, 251, 253, 257, 258
Norwegian Parliament, 246
nuclear arms race, 284
Nuremberg trials, 217
Ober, Margarete, 4, 5
Oberhoffer, Emil, 37–39
O’Donohue, Joseph, 228–29
Office of War Information, US, 206
Bureau of Motion Pictures of, 203
Ohio, 371–72
Oistrakh, David, 323
Oktoberfest, 363
Oldberg, Eric, 220–21
“Old Hundred,” 208
Omaha, Nebr., 85
Ormandy, Eugene, 173, 225, 333–35, 374–75
Oshkosh, Wis., 42
Ostbye, Mabel, 228
Ottoman Empire, 6
Outlook, 69
Ozawa, Seiji, 375
Pacific Ocean, 213, 253
pacifism, 21, 23, 33, 57
Palestine, 160–63
Ramot Hashavim settlement in, 161
Palestine Symphony Orchestra, 161
Panama-Pacific International Exhibition, 40
Paris, 80, 81, 218, 231
Orly airfield, 240
Paris Conservatory Orchestra, 90
Paris Opera, 82
Paris Orchestra, 88
Parma, 132–33
Partisan Review, 306–7
Pasadena, Calif., 39
Pasternak, Boris, 349–51, 354–55, 457n
patriotism, xxi, 11, 13, 16, 19, 24, 33, 35, 40, 49, 58, 65, 66, 68–69, 74, 84–86, 88, 99, 108, 180, 197, 198, 233, 308, 310–11
Peabody Conservatory of Music, 66
peace movement, 284
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, Japanese attack on, 169, 170–72, 177, 197, 309
Pearson, Drew, 342
Peerce, Jan, 203
People’s Committee for the Freedom of Religion, 278, 293
Perkins, Francis, 191
Petrillo, James C., 262, 437n
Peyser, Herbert F., 151, 164, 181
Philadelphia, Pa., 87, 90, 92, 120, 264–65, 344, 353–54
Academy of Music, 247–48
Drama League, 88
Independence Hall, 353
Liberty Bell, 353
Philadelphia Bulletin, 353
Philadelphia Inquirer, 139, 144, 304
Philadelphia Orchestra, xx, 42, 57, 90, 119, 121, 173, 225, 328
Soviet tour of, 333–35, 355, 357
Philharmonia Orchestra of London, 269
Philharmonic Ladies Committee, 157
Philippines, 327
Piatigorsky, Gregor, 225
Piston, Walter, 330
Pittsburgh, Pa., 48–50, 56–59, 90, 92, 93, 120, 180
Pittsburgh Dispatch, 58
Pittsburgh Gazette, 58–59
Pittsburgh Orchestra Association, 57
Pittsburgh Post, 57–58
Plato, xxiii
Pleasants, Henry, 272
PM, 193
Polacco, Georgio, 99
Poland, 284, 286, 370
German invasion of, 169, 171
Polish National Alliance Council, 268
Pons, Lily, 225, 228
popular music, xvii
Poulenc, Francis, 191, 297
Prager, Robert, 5–6
Prague, 7, 229
Pravda, 445n
Prescott, Edith Talcott, 242
President’s Emergency Fund for International Affairs, 324
President’s Special International Program for Cultural Presentations, 328
Presley, Elvis, 343
Price, Walter W., 155–57
Princeton University, 6
Prokofiev, Sergei, 334
Classical Symphony, 198
Fifth Symphony, 280
Soviet crackdown on, 282, 295–96
War and Peace, 282
Protestantism, 91
Providence, R.I., 62, 64, 66–67, 177
Providence Evening Journal, 62, 407n
Providence Police Commission, 62
Puccini, Giacomo:
Madame Butterfly, 177–78, 208
Tosca, 208
Pulitzer Prize, 183, 309
Pyongyang, 378
Queen Mary, 167
Rabaud, Henri, 82–83, 89, 93–94
Rachmaninoff, Sergei, 168, 335, 340
Third Piano Concerto, 338
radio, 184–85, 188, 189, 192, 200, 204, 211, 282, 293–94, 300, 326, 327
exposure to classical music expanded by, xvi, 184
Radio Age, 200
Radio Corporation of America (RCA), 200
Rameau, Jean-Philippe, 335
Ravel, Maurice, 244, 297
Bolero, 191
Red Cross, 26, 199, 202
Red Scare, 284, 307, 318
Reiner, Fritz, 259, 344, 420n
Reinhardt, Max, 167
Republican Party, 309, 311, 323
Respighi, Ottorino, Pines of Rome, 374
Rhineland, German invasion of, 157
Rhode Island Council of Defense, 62
rhythm, xxiii
Richter, Sviatoslav, 338
Robeson, Paul, 171
Robinson, Edward G., 195
Rochester, N.Y., 197, 214
Rodzinski, Artur, 183, 194, 344
Rolland, Romain, 175
Rome, 227
Romulo, Carlos, 326–27
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 198, 309
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 170, 176, 187, 199, 201
death of, 206–7
Roosevelt, Theodore, 68
Rosh Hashanah, 368
Rossini, Gioachino, 360
William Tell Overture, 201
Rothwell, Walter Henry, 52
Roussel, Albert, 297
Roy, Klaus, 283
Royal Opera (Germany), 59
Rubinstein, Arthur, 171, 225–26, 228, 237, 240–41
“Rule Britannia,” 183
Rusk, Dean, 371
Russia, 6, 190
Czarist, 344
Russian army, 197, 198
Russian army choir, 211
Russian Revolution, 291
Russian War Relief, Incorporated, 188–89, 196, 198
Rutland, Vt., 318
Ryerson, Edward, 222, 226, 230–33
Sachs, Harvey, 145, 149, 201
Said, Edward, xxi
Saigon, 357
St. Louis, Mo., xx, 42, 120, 122
St. Louis Symphony, 42
St. Paul, Minn., 87
Saint-Saëns, Camille, 297
Samson and Delila, 86
Salisbury, Harrison, 283
Salt Lake City, Utah, xviii, 69
Salzburg, 118, 164–66, 259
Salzburg Festival, 163, 167–68
San Antonio Symphony, 328
San Francisco, Calif., xviii, 39, 40–42, 58, 102, 171, 250–54
War Memorial Opera House, 251, 252, 253
San Francisco Chronicle, 192, 251–52, 253
San Francisco Opera, 173, 250–51
San Francisco Symphony, 40–42
Sapiro, Milton, 251
Sargeant, Winthrop, 159
Saturday Review of Literature, 184, 288, 343
Schachat, Julia, 148
Schiller, Friedrich von, 49
Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 287
Schmidt, Ernst, 76, 80
Schnitzer, Robert, 325
Schoenberg, Arnold, 25, 149, 243, 296–97, 306
Schubert, Franz, 27, 162, 181
Symphony in C, xx
Unfinished Symphony, 42, 91
Schultz, Sigrid, 229–30
Schuman, William, 329, 356
Schumann, Clara, 8
Schumann, Robert, 27, 82
Seal Harbor, Maine, 78
Seldes, Barry, 344
Senate, US, 4, 198, 214
Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Government Operations Committee, 308
Serkin, Rudolf, 168, 337
Service Star Legion of Allegheny County, 93
Seymour, Charles, 301
Shakespeare, William, 119, 155
Shapley, Harlow, 284–90
Shaw, Leslie M., 39
Shostakovich, Dmitri, xiv, 277–78, 280, 284, 285, 288, 291, 292, 298, 301–7, 318, 334, 335, 341, 353, 379
Fifth Symphony, 300, 349, 351
Sixth Symphony, 198
Seventh Symphony, xiii, 184–95, 279, 293–94, 348, 349, 354, 357, 429n, 430n
Eighth Symphony, 207, 294
criticism of America by, 302–3, 339, 343
Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District, 283, 445n
on Slavonic culture, 186–87
Soviet crackdown on, 282, 283, 290, 305–6
speeches of, 282, 290, 293–97, 302–3, 306–7
Shulman, Sylvan, 134
Sibelius, Jean, Violin Concerto, 302
Silesia, 8, 67
Simon, Henry, 193
Simon, Robert, 237
Skinner, Ernest, 32
Smith, Al, 106
Smith, Carleton, 176
Smith, Carlton Sprague, 327
socialism, 294
Socialist Realism, 445n
Society for the Prevention of World War III, 233
Sokolsky, George, 250
Sousa, John Philip, 87
“The Stars and Stripes Forever,” 203, 208, 375
South America, 220
South Dakota, 312
Southern California, 132, 182, 194–95, 207, 228
Soviet Ministry of Culture, 331
Soviet Union, xxiv, 185, 186, 192, 285
Finland and, 313
musical tradition of, xiv–xv
peace campaign of, 322–23
repression of composers in, 279, 281–83, 290, 295–96, 305–6, 311
touring musical groups of, 323, 325, 326
US musical performances in, 320, 327, 329–40, 345–52, 357, 360–70
US relations with, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, 78–81, 187, 189, 195–99, 360, 372, 373
Soviet Writers’ Union, 350
Spanish Civil War, 314
Spellman, Francis Cardinal, 272
Spiering, Theodore, 110
Stalin, Joseph, xxiv, 212, 278, 285, 287, 307, 318, 323
crackdown on musical expression by, 279, 281–83, 445n
death of, 322, 323
Hitler pact with, 313
purges of, 292
Star Opera Company, 107–10, 112, 113
“Star-Spangled Banner, The,” xx, 4, 8, 16, 26, 33, 36, 38–42, 47, 48, 50, 62–65, 68, 85, 95, 110, 177, 198, 201, 203, 207, 248, 378, 391n, 433n
State Department, US, 265, 286, 300, 301, 312, 314, 322, 324, 327, 328, 370
exchange program of, 316
Steinberg, William, 254
Steindel, Bruno, 36–37, 36, 42
Steindel, Max, 42
Stelton, Robert, 228
Stenzel, Bruno, 263
Stern, Isaac, 225
Stevenard, Emil, 80
Stock, Frederick, 32–35, 36, 121, 173, 179, 193, 396n
March and Hymn to Democracy, 99
Stokowski, Leopold, 90, 121, 138, 187–88, 194, 195, 207–8, 302
Stone, Kathryn, 39
Stoutenburgh, Marian, 31
Stransky, Josef, 7–8, 10, 23, 24, 25–26, 67–68, 89, 116–17, 121, 160, 394n
Strauss, Johann, 40, 116
“The Blue Danube Waltz,” xx
Strauss, Richard, xiv, 14, 19, 20, 22, 26, 40, 42, 69, 81, 83, 93, 94, 100, 104, 124, 175, 176, 180, 211–12, 263, 379, 395n
Alpine Symphony, 120
Also Sprach Zarathustra, 121
Death and Transfiguration, 25, 121
Don Juan, 25, 335
Elektra, 120
Salome, 120
Sinfonia Domestica, 47
Till Eulenspiegel’s Merry Pranks, 24, 25, 33, 264
US tours of, 118–22, 416n
Stravinsky, Igor, 296–97, 303, 306, 307, 360
Le sacre du printemps, 80
Streibert, Theodore C., 326
Studs Lonigan (Farrell), 283
Sullivan, Ed, 317–18
Sundelius, Marie, 91
Supreme Court, US, 198
Swarthout, Gladys, 208
Switzerland, 77–78, 131, 132, 139, 168, 217, 246
Symphony of the Air, 340
Szell, George, 337, 370–71, 372, 373
Taft, Annie Sinton, 50
Tanglewood, Mass., 192, 193
Taruskin, Richard, 282, 445n
Taubman, Howard, 205–6, 265–66, 270, 310, 335
Tauscher, Hans, 17, 101, 103
Taussig, Frank, 138
Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Ilich, xii, 28, 37, 48, 50, 199, 334, 335, 360, 365
First Piano Concerto, 340, 342
Fifth Symphony, 181, 198, 269
Tchaikovsky Competition, xi, 335–36, 337–38
Tchaikovsky Conservatory Great Hall, 348
Teatro Colón Orchestra, 220
Tel Aviv, 161, 162–63
Telegraf, Der, 361
television, 264, 279, 332, 342, 354, 360, 367
exposure to classical music expanded by, xvi, 353
Texas, 336, 337, 339, 340
Theater Assembly, 105
Theodore Thomas Orchestra, xix
Thomas, Edmond, 304
Thomas, Theodore, xix, 13–14
Thompson, Dorothy, 193
Thompson, Randall, “The Testament of Freedom,” 207
Thomson, Virgil, 246–47, 283
“Wheat Field at Noon,” 302
Tibbett, Lawrence, 208
Time, 151, 158, 167, 185, 190, 217, 280, 304
Tolischus, Otto, 183
Toscanini, Arturo, 130, 132–45, 133, 148–49, 154, 160–68, 193, 206, 224, 236, 316
Bayreuth Festival and, 132, 134, 139–44
death of, 271, 272–73
in fight against fascism, 129, 136–40, 166, 188, 200–205, 237, 273
Furtwängler and, 129, 149, 154, 163–65, 424n
Hitler petition of, 127, 128, 129, 139–40, 141, 142
Nazi ban on recordings by, 141, 143, 420n–21n
as NBC Symphony conductor, xiii, 185, 186, 189, 191, 199, 200, 203–5, 208–9
as New York Philharmonic conductor, 127, 128, 132, 133, 139, 160, 185, 199, 316n
Salzburg Festival and, 163, 164-67
Toscanini, Carla, 161, 162, 163, 201
Toscanini, Walfredo, 204
totalitarianism, 212, 262, 282, 307, 310
see also fascism; Nazism
Trampler, Walter, 193
Triller, Charles, 155
Tuggle, Robert, 441n
Turkey, 238
Ulm, 259
Union of Soviet Writers, 284
United Nations, 190, 202, 326
Charter of, 214
General Assembly of, 327
United States, xviii, 8, 245–46
atomic bombing of Japanese cities by, 211
banning of “enemy” music and musicians in, xiii–xiv, xxii, 4, 9, 19, 24, 27–31, 42–44, 238–39
censorship in, 291–92, 304
cultural achievement in, 321–22
economic decline in, 129
expanding world engagement of, xxiv, 377
free enterprise system of, 333
German immigrants in, 11–12, 20, 46, 57, 392n, 402n
German relations with, xiv, xv, 169
global importance of, xxi
Italian relations with, xv, 179
“Loan for Freedom” initiative of, 56
nuclear arms of, 284
opera in, xviii, 14–18, 27–32
overseas cultural presentations of, 320–21, 324–35, 345–52, 356–57, 359–76
perceived cultural barrenness of, 452n
Russian curiosity about life in, 331–32
Soviet relations with, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, 78–81, 187, 189, 195–99, 360, 372, 373
sports in, 324
waging of wars by, xxiv–xxv, 3
see also Soviet Union, US relations with
United States Information Agency (USIA), 324, 325–26, 360
Verdi, Giuseppe, 255
Aida, 133
“Anvil Chorus,” xx
Falstaff, 135, 136
La forza del destino Overture, 203–4
“Hymn of Nations,” 202–3, 205, 433n
Requiem, 168–69
Rigoletto, 130, 202
Il Trovatore, 177
Versailles, Treaty of, 157
Vienna, 45, 54, 92, 132, 165–66, 167, 175, 220, 227, 254, 370, 372
Vienna Boys Choir, 211
Vienna Philharmonic, 149, 221, 224, 229, 261, 266, 370
Vienna State Opera, 165, 259
Viereck, Peter, 182, 183
Villard, Henry, 21
Villard, Oswald Garrison, 21–22, 393n
Wagner, Charles L., 236, 237
Wagner, Cosima, 122
Wagner, Richard, xiv, xviii, 8, 11, 14–15, 19, 22, 26–32, 41, 216, 251, 257, 263, 378, 379, 395n
The Flying Dutchman, 108
Götterdämmerung, 94
Hitler and, 131, 176, 182, 183, 184
Kaisermarsch, 41
Lohengrin, 15, 90, 100, 108, 180, 207–8
Die Meistersinger, 15, 16, 81, 110, 114, 131, 167, 179, 181–82, 414n
Metropolitan Opera performances of, 16, 17, 20, 113–14, 175, 180, 244, 413n, 414n
Nazi connections of, 182–84
New York Philharmonic performances of, 10, 23, 89, 116, 160, 181–82
Parsifal, 10, 16, 71, 100–101, 113–14, 115, 131, 180, 413n
piano of, 123
Das Rheingold, 123
“Ride of the Valkyries,” 160
Ring cycle, 81, 105, 108, 114, 116, 117, 180, 183, 184, 207–8
Siegfried, 10, 15
Siegfried Idyll, 122
Tannhäuser, 100, 101, 108, 131, 180, 264, 266
Tristan and Isolde, 11, 15, 17, 18, 89, 91, 99, 101, 108, 115, 247, 248, 259, 265
Die Walküre, 100, 115, 117, 160, 173
Wagner, Robert, 244, 341, 352
Wagner, Siegfried, 122
Wagner, Winifred, 142, 143
Waldorf conference, 283–300
Waldrop, Gideon, 343
Wallace, Henry, 198
Wallenstein, Alfred, 179
Walter, Bruno, 118, 127, 131–32, 163, 164–65, 167, 168, 180, 222, 254, 344
Wanamaker, Sam, 300
Warfield, Edwin, 65, 66
War Refugee Board, 217
Warsaw, 334
Washburn, Abbott, 325–26, 360
Washington, D.C., xiii, 12, 52, 62, 77, 102, 121–22, 166–67, 238, 256, 262, 279, 285, 321, 322, 341–42, 352
Constitution Hall, 198, 263, 341
Lincoln Memorial, 309
Soviet Embassy, 282
White House, 3, 318, 342
Washington, George, 354
Washington Post, 151–52, 158–59, 179, 250, 264, 305, 310, 342
“Muted Trumpets” editorial in, 215–16
WCBS-Radio, 326
WCBS-TV, 352–53
Weber, Carl Maria von, 60
Invitation to the Dance, 39
Wechsler, James A., 198
Weil, Herman, 112
Weintraub, Samuel, 144
Welch, Joseph N., 353–54
Welland Canal, 17
Welt, Die, 361
West Berlin, 360–61
Brandenburg Gate, 362, 369
Hilton Hotel, 363
Reichstag, 363
Senders Freies Berlin concert hall, 363–64
Tempelhof Airport, 362, 366
TV documentary on concert by Bernstein and New York Philharmonic in, 352–55, 362–70, 469n
Unter den Linden boulevard, 362
Westerman, Gerhart von, 260–63, 265–66, 268–69
Westminster Choir, 203, 216
Whitmer, T. Carl, 84
Whitney, Mrs. Richard, 156, 157
Wiesbaden, 237
Wilhelm, Kaiser, xxiv, 13, 18, 22, 29, 34, 41, 59, 63, 71–74, 88, 90, 97
Wilson, Edith, 198
Wilson, Woodrow, 6, 8, 31, 36, 52, 54, 56, 83–84
declaration of war by, 3, 4–5, 13, 16, 33
Proclamation 1364 of, 51
Winchell, Walter, 241, 249, 256
Winter, Max, 106–7
Wisconsin, 312, 313, 316
Wisconsin Music Teachers’ Association, 42
Wister, Owen, 88
Wolkonsky, Princess Irene, 340
Women’s Labor Zionist Organization of America, 224
Woodcock, Leonard, 375
Worcester Telegram, 193
World Congress of Intellectuals for Peace, 286
World War I, xiii, xiv, xvi, xxi, xxiv, 3, 4–16, 21–22, 141, 171–73, 178, 180, 205, 235, 378
Battle of Monte Santo in, 134
German prisoners of war in, 44, 76–79
Western Front in, 80
World War II, xiii, xvi, 130, 169–72, 177–78, 235–36, 279–80, 287, 308–9
Battle of the Bulge in, 250
blackouts in, 171
casualties in, 171, 212, 224, 253, 258
defeat of Nazi Germany and Japan in, 206, 207, 208–9, 211
WQXR radio, 282
Wroclaw, 284, 286
Yale University, 88, 301, 304
Yellow River Concerto, 374
Yiddish language, 107
YMCA, 105
Young, Brigham, 69
Young, Rosamond, 79, 95, 96–97
Young Progressives of Illinois, 224
Ysaÿe, Eugène, 55–56, 88, 103
Zeller, Carl, Der Vogelhändler, 106
Zhdanov, Andrey, 282
Zionism, 244, 266, 269
Zionist Youth of New York, 269
Zlatopolsky, Morris, 162–63
Zurich, 217
Zurich Opera, 145