Index

Abruzzo

Academy of Italy

Accademia dei Lincei (Academy of Lynxes)

Accademia Tiberina

account books, kitchen,

acorns

acqua e sale (acqua-sale)

additives, food

Adventures of Pinocchio, The (Collodi)

advertising

Africa

Agnano

Agnesi, Vincenzo

Agnetti, Vittorio

Agnoletti, Vincenzo

agnolotti (stuffed pasta)

agribusiness

Aime, Heirom

“Alaska Salmon in the Sun’s Rays” (recipe)

Albenga

Aldrovandi, Ulisse

Algeria

allgood (erba sana)

Alliata di Salaparuta, Enrico

Almanach des gourmands, L’ (Grimod)

almonds

Althea Company

Amalfi

amaretti (almond macaroons)

Amatrice

American Automobile Association

Americano a Roma, Un (film; Steno)

Americas, European discovery of

anchovies

ancients, as source of knowledge

Andalusia

Angelita, Gianfranco

Angels’ Kitchen, The (painting; Murillo)

antioxidants,

antipasto. See also course, of meal

antiquity, medical literature of

Apennines

aphrodisiac, foods as

Appert, Nicolas

apple; golden; as term for fruits. See also love apple

Arabs, introduction of eggplant by

Aranjuez

Archidipno (Massonio)

Arcimboldo, Giuseppe

Arezzo

Argentina; Italian immigrants in

Arno River,

arsenic poisoning

“Artichoke king.” See Terranova, Ciro

artichokes

Artusi, Pellegrino

arugula

asado (mixed grill)

Asgrow Company

asparagus

astrattu (tomato extract). See also paste, tomato

Atlantic Ocean, crossing of: by people; by tomatoes,

Attack of the Killer Tomatoes!, The (film; De Bello)

Aurum (liqueur)

Australia

autarchy

Aversa

Avigliano

Aztecs, use of tomato by

bacon. See also lard; pork fat

bagna (sauce)

bakeries

Baldoni, Remigio

bananas

Barberini, Antonio (cardinal)

Bari

Barilla Company

barley

Barufe in famegia, Le (Gallina)

basil

Basilicata

bathtub, and tomato cultivation

battle for grain (Fascist campaign)

BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation)

beans. See also legumes

Belgium

belladonna

Belli, Giuseppe

Benedictines

Benso, Camillo (count of Cavour)

Bethell, Richard (Lord Westbury)

Biardot, Alphonse

Bible

Bicchierai, Luigi (“Pennino”)

biennio rosso (postwar period)

biscuits

Bizzozero, Antonio

black market

Boboli Gardens

Boiardi, Ettore

Bollettino dell’emigrazione

bollito (boiled-meat dish)

Bologna

Bonaparte, Napoleon

Bonsignori, Giovanni

Borsati, Francesco

botanical gardens and collections

botany: classifications in; as new discipline; use of illustrations in; works of

boules (vacuum boilers)

Bourbon dynasty

Brazil

bread; crumbs; crusts of; rationing of; stale; white

Breckinbridge, Sophonisba

Brescia

Brindisi

brine, to preserve tomatoes

broccoli,

broccoli rabe (rape)

brodetto al pomodoro (tomato soup)

Bronx (New York City)

Bronzino, Agnolo

Brooklyn (New York City)

broth

bucatini all’amatriciana (pasta dish)

Buenos Aires

butter

Buzzi, Paolo

cabbage; use of stalk of

cafeterias, company

Cagliari

Calabria

Calabria Citeriore

calcium salts

calendar, Catholic

California; “Italian” tomatoes from

Campania

Campora, Vincenzo

Canada

canning, of tomatoes. See also processing, of tomatoes

capers

Capitanata

caporale (gang boss)

Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da

carcadè (karkadë; Egyptian hibiscus tea)

cardoons (edible thistle stalks)

Caressa Company

Caribbean

Carillo y Salcedo, Esteban

Carlo Erba Company

Carosello (television program)

carrots

Casa Professa (Jesuit headquarters)

Caserta

cassuola alla spagnola (tomato casserole; recipe)

Castelfiorentino

Castellammare

Castelli, Pietro

Castelvetro, Giacomo

Catania

Catanzaro

cauliflower; use of stalk of

Cavalcanti, Ippolito

Cavallo, Mimmo

Ceci, Gherini, and Company, workforce at

Celebrated Mock Italian Song, The (print; Cruikshank)

celery

Cerreto (Sannita)

Cesalpino, Andrea

Cesi, Federico

Cesta, Antonio

Chabrol de Volvic, Gilbert

chamber of commerce, Italian

Channel Islands

Chapusot, François

Chardin, Jean-Baptiste-Siméon

Charles (duke of Södermanland)

cheese; grated; mozzarella; Parmesan (Parmigiano-Reggiano); Pecorino; rationing of

Chef Boiardi Food Products Company

chestnuts

chicken

chicken cacciatore

Chico (California)

chicory

Chile

chilies; baccato; sun-dried. See also peppers, sweet

China

chocolate. See also cocoa

cholera

Christian Democratic Party

Ciambelli, Bernardino

Cibo Malaspino, Lorenzo

cinnamon

Cinotto, Simone

Cirio, Francesco

Cirio Company; advertising by; bankruptcy of; recipe booklets by; tomato-processing plant of

Citati, Pietro

Classes plantarum (Linnaeus)

classification: of foods; of plants

Cleveland (Ohio)

coal, mining of

coal tar, as coloring

Cocchi, Antonio

cocoa

coffee; rationing of; substitute for

coffeehouses

colewort

colì di pomodoro (sauce)

Collegio Romano

Collinson, Peter

Collodi, Carlo

colonies, African

color, of tomatoes

colorings, food

Colorno

Coltivazione del pomodoro, La (Bonsignori)

Coltivazione industriale del pomodoro, La (Zago)

Comanini, Gregorio

commedia dell’arte (theatrical style)

Common Agricultural Policy. See also European Union

concentrate, tomato; double; of modified tomatoes; sextuple; triple. See also paste, tomato

condijon (condiglione; Ligurian salad)

condiment: tomato as; tomato ketchup as

confraternities (lay religious brotherhoods)

conserva (tomato paste); nera. See also paste, tomato

conservatism, dietary

Constituent Assembly

consumption; conspicuous; of tomatoes,

convents

Conversazione in Sicilia (Vittorini)

cookbooks,

cooking: American; Argentine; Flemish; French; Futurist; Italian; Italian American; Mediterranean; Polish; Spanish

Corigliano

corn. See maize

Cornell University

Corrado, Vincenzo

Corresca, Rocco

Corricolo, Le (Dumas)

Cortés, Hernán

cotoletta alla milanese (veal cutlet)

cotton

“Country Crime” (recipe)

course, of meal: first; main; second; third

courts, princely

Covello, Leonard

Cremona,

crostata dolce. See “Sweet Pie”

crostini (seasoned toasted bread)

Cruikshank, Isaac

Cuba

Cucchiaio d’argento, Il (Rossi Lodomez and Matricardi)

Cucina autarchica, La (Randi)

Cucina casereccia, La

Cucina italiana, La (magazine)

Cucina teorico-pratica (Cavalcanti)

Cucina vegetariana (Alliata di Salaparuta)

cucumbers

cultivation, of tomatoes

Cuneo

Cuoco galante, Il (Corrado)

curiosities, collections of

Custis, John

dairy products. See also cheese

Dal Bono, Carlo Tito

Dalla cucina al salotto (Morelli)

Dallington, Robert

Dalmonte, Luigi

dandelion

D’Annunzio, Gabriele, xi

David, Elizabeth

day laborers

De Amicis, Edmondo

De Bello, John

De Bono, Emilio

De Curtis, Antonio. See also Totò

De Filippo, Eduardo

De Gasperi, Alcide

Del cibo pitagorico overo erbaceo (Corrado)

Del Gaizo, Florindo

DeLillo, Don

Della cultura degli orti e giardini (Soderini)

De’ Medici: Alessandro (1510–1537); Catherine (1519–1589); Cosimo I (1519–1574); Cosimo III (1642–1723); Francesco (1541–1587); Maria (1575–1642),

denomination of protected origin (EU designation)

Dépardieu, Gérard

department stores

De plantis libri (Cesalpino)

Descrizione dell’isola di Sardegna

De Sica, Vittorio

Desinaretti per … questi tempi (Moretti Foggia)

dessert; pasta as

dialects, Italian

diaspora, Italian. See emigration, Italian

diet: of Franciscans; of Italian immigrants; of Jesuits; of Jews; Mediterranean; national variations in; of nobles; onboard ship; pasta as part of; of peasants; of Poles; of return migrants; subsistence; of urban poor; of working class. See also food

dietetics

digestion

Dioscorides

Discorsi … della medicina materiale, I (Mattioli)

disease: anemia; cancer; epidemic; eye; heart, ix; metabolic; obesity; scabies; syphilis; tomato-induced; of tomatoes; treatment of; vegetable diet as cure for

doctors, medical. See physicians Doctors Without Borders (Médecins sans frontières)

Domenica del Corriere, La (magazine)

Doria di Montaldeo

drying: of pasta; of tomatoes

Duce, il. See Mussolini, Benito

suggerimenti per … questi tempi (Moretti Foggia)

Dumas, Alexandre

Durante, Castore

Ecuador

eel

eggplant; tomato compared with

eggplant Parmesan (melanzane alla parmigiana, parmigiana di melanzane)

eggs; shortage and rationing of

“Eggs and Tomatoes” (recipe)

emigration, Italian. See also immigration: Italian; migration

Emilia Romagna

endive

England. See also Great Britain

English Journey (Priestly)

Ente Nazionale Risi (national rice board)

Erbario miniato (Cesi)

escarole

Escoffier, Georges Auguste

Escorial (palace)

Esposito, Raffaele,

Este, Isabella d’ (marquise of Mantua)

Ethiopia; invasion of

European Common Market. See also European Union

Europeans, eastern

European Union (EU)

Evelyn, John

exoticism, of New World plants and animals

experiment

export: subsidies for; of tomato products; of vegetable produce

Fabriano

“Faccetta nera” (song; Ruccione and Micheli)

factories; for tomato processing

Famigli di Marinari (print; Gaetano Dura)

family: diet of; role of

Fano

Fante, John

Far East

farm hands (braccianti). See also day laborers

farms: experimental; organic

Fascism

Fascist Party, Italian; farmwives’ section of (Massaie rurali); food policy of

fattaccio campestre. See “Country Crime”

Felici, Costanzo

Felino

fennel

Ferdinand I (Holy Roman Emperor)

Ferdinand II (king of Naples)

Ferrari, Giovanni Battista

Ferrières, Madeleine

fertilization, of tomatoes

Fiat Company

figs

Fillìa (Luigi Colombo)

Fiorillo, Silvio

Fiorini, Laura

fish

flag, Italian

flavor, of tomatoes

flies, during tomato drying

Florence; cooking of

Flowers, Fruits, Vegetables, and Two Lizards (painting; Master of the Hartford Still-Life)

Foggia

Fondi

Fontainebleau, Treaty of

food: aid; comfort; consumption patterns of; convenience; distribution of; frozen; overproduction of; poisoning; preservation of; as proportion of domestic expenditure; rationing of; regional; shortages of; and social status; traditional; technology

Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (1939)

Forlì

Fortunate Pilgrim, The (Puzo)

Four Seasons (paintings; Arcimboldo)

Fragrans (seasoning)

Francavilla Fontana

France

Franciscans, diet of

Franco-American Company

Fratelli Ingegnoli catalogo guida (seed catalog)

fresh, meaning of

frittata con pomi d’oro (tomato omelet)

Friuli

fruit; citrus; as harmful; as healthful; peddling of; in salads; tomato as

Futurism

Galen

Galenic classification

Gallina, Giacinto

Gallipoli (Puglia)

Gallo, Agostino

Galluzzi, Riguccio

gangs, labor

gardeners; head; market

Gardener’s Dictionary, The (Miller)

gardening literature

gardens; Boboli; botanical; kitchen; market; ornamental; pleasure; recreational; as theater of the world; “victory,”

Garibaldi, Giuseppe

garlands, decorative

garlic

Gastarbeiter (guest worker)

gastrosophy

gatafura (cheese pie),

Gatti, Fabrizio

Gaudentio, Francesco

gazpacho, tomatoes in

Gazzetta del Popolo, La (newspaper)

genetic modification

Geneva

Genoa,

genre scenes

Gentile, Maria

Gerard, John

Germany; cabbage eating in; export of fresh tomatoes to. See also West Germany

Ghana

Ghini, Luca

Giordano, Arturo

Giordano, Ottobuono

Giornalino di Gian Burrasca, Il (Vamba)

giornatari (day laborer). See also day laborers; farm hands

glutamic acid

gluttony

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von

Gorizia

Gragnano

grape must, cooked

grapes; sour (uva agresta; condiment)

grappa

Gratarolo, Guglielmo

gravy (meat sauce); recipe for

Great Britain; import of processed tomatoes by; Italian food in; as “taste zone,”

Greece

Greenbush (Madison, Wisconsin)

greengrocers

greens. See also salads; vegetables

Greenwich Village (New York City)

Grimod de la Reynière, A. B. L.

gross domestic product

Gruppo Conserve Italia

guaiacum

guanciale (cured pig’s jowl)

Guida gastronomica d’Italia (Touring Club Italiano)

guilds (trade)

Guttuso, Renato

hardtack

Harrison, William

harvesting, of tomatoes; mechanical

“heirloom” tomatoes. See tomatoes: varieties of

Helstosky, Carol

henbane

Henri II (king of France)

herbalists

herbals

Herbario nuovo (Durante)

herbs

Hernández, Francisco

herring

Hesperides (Greek nymphs)

Hippocrates

H. J. Heinz Company

Hollywood (California)

horseradishes

Hortus Messanensis (Castelli)

hospitals: Hospital de la Sangre (Seville); Ospedale dei Pellegrini (Naples)

housewives: Fascist ideal of; instruction of; postwar roles of

humanism

humors: melancholic; qualities of

hunger; as political issue

husk tomato. See tomatillo

identity

Illinois

illustration: botanical; of natural world

Illustrato Fiat (magazine)

immigration: African; Italian

impepata (molignanelle; eggplant dish)

imports, of food

In Cucina con amore (Loren)

India

Indiana

Indian corn. See maize

Indies, notion of

industrial “triangle” (Milan-Turin-Genoa)

industry: food; pasta

Ingegnoli Company

inns; Red Crayfish. See also taverns

irrigation

Istituto Artigianelli

Italian Communist Party

Italian Cookbook, The (Gentile)

Italian Food (David)

Italianità (notion of Italian identity)

Italian Social Movement

Italy: disappearance of tomatillo from; economic boom in; eggplant in; food culture in; food industry in; immigration to; internal migration in; and “made in Italy” label; manufacture of pasta in; Nazi control of; New World plants in; north–south divide in; rationing in; southern; study of botany in; as “taste zone,”; unification of

Jacini Parliamentary Inquiry (1878)

Jacquot, Félix

Japan

Jesuits (Society of Jesus)

Jews, diet of

Joseph A. Campbell Preserve Company

Joubert, Laurent

juice: fruit; lemon; tomato

ketchup

kitchens; account books of; gardens for; ranges (cucine economiche) in; second; soup (cucine popolari)

Kraft Company

labeling. See also packaging

labor: child; cost of; gang; seasonal; unrest

Ladies Dictionary, Being a General Entertainment of the Fair-Sex, The

Ladri di biciclette (film; De Sica)

Lalande, Jérôme de

lampaggiolo (type of onion)

Lampedusa

landowners

Landry, Nicolas

Lanital (synthetic wool)

lard (lardo; hard bacon fat). See also bacon; pork fat

La Rosa and Sons Company

lasagne. See also pasta

La Spezia

Latini, Antonio

Lazio

League of Nations

Leblanc, Jean-Gabriel

Leghorn. See Livorno

legumes; rationing of; use of skins of. See also beans

Lémery, Louis

lemon

Lenormant, François

lentils

Leogrande, Alessandro

lettuce

Levi, Carlo

Levitico (Jesuit dietary rules)

Levoli, Nicola

Lewis, Tillie

Libya; tomato cultivation in

lignite (brown coal)

Liguria

Lingozzi, Jacopo

Linné, Carl von (Carolus Linnaeus)

Lippi, Lorenzo

litharge (lead monoxide)

Little Caesar (film; Mervyn LeRoy)

Livingston, Alexander

Livorno

Lizzano

Lombardy

London

Longarini, Pier Luigi, xiii Long Island

Looking for Alibrandi (Marchetta)

Loren, Sophia (Sofia Scicolone)

Loreto

Louisiana

love apple (apple of love)

Lucca

lupines

lycopene,

Lycopersicon galeni (Galen’s wolf-peach)

macaroni; Neapolitan style; packaging of; term, as ethnic slur. See also pasta

Maccaronari (macaroni makers and sellers)

maccheroni. See also macaroni

Macerata

machinery

Maddaloni

Madrid

Mafia

Magelli, Ettore

Magini, Carlo

maize (corn); depictions of; early attempts to cultivate; genetically modified; U.S. subsidies for growing

malaria

Malavoglia, I (Verga)

Malmantile racquistato, Il (Lippi)

mandrake

Mangia Maccaroni (print; Gaetano Dura)

Mangione, Jerre

“Manifesto of Futurist Cuisine” (Marinetti and Fillìa)

manioc

Mantua,

Manuale dell’ortolano (Roda)

Manzi, Tito

Marca Bianca

Marche

Marchetta, Melina

Marelli Company

Margherita (queen of Italy)

Maria Luigia (duchess of Parma)

Marinetti, Filippo Tommaso

markets, vegetable; Ortomercato (Milan); Porta Palazzo (Turin); in World War II

marmitta di maccaroni (baked macaroni dish)

Marotta, Giuseppe

marrows. See also squash

Marshall Plan

Martinelli, Tristano;

Martino of Como

Massaie contro le sanzioni, Le (Morelli)

Massonio, Salvatore

Mastrocinque, Camillo

Matese

Matricardi, Franca

Mattino, Il (newspaper)

Mattioli, Mario

Mattioli, Pietro Andrea

Maya, use of tomato by

McGee, Harold

meal, structure of. See also course, of meal

meat; canned; consumption of; curing of; in diet of Italian immigrants; in diet of return migrants; tomato as substitute for

meatballs

meatless days

“Meat Sauce, The” (poem; De Filippo)

medicine: ancient; and botany; changing focus of; “chemical,”; commercialization of; “mechanical,”; use of tomato in. See also physicians

Mediterranean

“Mediterranean diet,”

“Mediterranean garden,”

Melfi

melons

menstruation

Mericani (return migrants)

Messina

Mexican ground-cherry. See tomatillo

Mexico

Micheli, Giuseppe

Michiel, Pietro Antonio

Middle East

Miglianico

migration: internal; return

Milan; southern Italians in

milanesa napolitana (Argentine veal cutlet)

milk

Miller, Philip

miltomatle See tomatillo Mina (Mina Anna Mazzini)

minestra (soup), term, as ethnic slur

minestra alla molignane (eggplant dish; recipe)

minestrella (tomato pulp)

minestrone. See also soups mint (herb)

minuzzaglie (pasta bin-ends)

Miracolo a Milano (film; De Sica)

Mirafiori Sud (Turin)

Miseria e nobiltà (film; Mario Mattioli)

Misteri di Mulberry, I (Ciambelli)

Mitelli, Giuseppe Maria,

Modena

“Modernizing Dish” (recipe)

Molise

Mondragone

Monopoli

monosodium glutamate (MSG)

Monsanto Company

monti frumentari (seed banks)

Montreal

Moorhead, Alan

Morelli, Lidia

Moretti Foggia, Amalia (“Petronilla”)

mortadella

mortaretto (filled-pastry antipasto)

Mr Fothergill’s A–Z of Vegetables (seed catalog)

mullet

municipal welfare boards (enti comunali di assistenza)

Murillo, Bartolomé

mushrooms

Mussolini, Benito; diet of

Mussolini, Rachele

mustard

mutton

mythology, Greek

Naples (city),; diet of poor in; industry in; pasta in; tomato paste in

Naples (kingdom)

Naples, Bay of

Napoli, José

nasturtiums

nationalism: in advertising; dietary notions of

New Homes for Old (Breckinbridge)

New Jersey

New Spain

New World, plants from. See also beans; chilies; maize; potatoes; tomatoes

New York City; Italian population of

Nicastro

Nice (city)

nightshade

nitrate of soda. See also fertilization, of tomatoes

Nix, John

Nola

nomenclature, binomial

non-Italian words, rejection of

North Africa

novelty, attitude toward

Nuova cucina delle specialità regionali, La (Agnetti)

Nuovi orizzonti per la vostra mensa (Cirio)

nutmeg

nutrition

oil: cotton; rose; tomato seed

oil, olive; for lighting lamps; in preserving foods; shortage and rationing of

omelet

onions

Ons kookboek (cookbook)

oregano

Ortolano dirozzato, L’ (Re)

oysters,

packaging. See also labeling

“Pact of Steel” (1939)

Padua; cricket eating in

“Painting-Sculpture Summer Lunch” (recipe)

Palazzo Vecchio (Florence)

Palermo

Pampas (Argentina)

Pandice, Giovanni

“Panunto toscano, Il” (recipe collection; Gaudentio)

panzanella (bread-and-vegetable dish)

Papal States

pappa col pomodoro (bread-and-tomato soup)

Paracelsus

Paris (city)

Paris (mythical figure)

Parma (Italy); labor unrest in; tomato processing in

Parma (Ohio)

parsley

passata (thickened tomato sauce)

pasta; Barilla; Buitoni; cooking times of; Futurist campaign against; history of; increasing consumption of; “medicated,”; in Naples; rationing of; as street food. See also macaroni

pasta al pomodoro

pasta asciutta (pastasciutta)

paste, tomato; export of; as part of soldiers’ rations; recipe for; tariff on. See also concentrate, tomato; conserva

pasticciata (dish)

peanuts

peas; canned

peasants: diet of; economy of

pelati (canned whole tomatoes)

Pellet, Marcellin

Pennino, V. G.

Pennsylvania

pennyroyal (herb)

pepper, black

peppers, sweet. See also chilies

“Peppino” (short story; Ventura)

Perrini, Francesco

Persia

Peru

Pescara

pesticides

Petoseed Company

Petrini, Carlo

pharmacopoeias, tomatoes in

Philip II (king of Spain)

philosophy, Indian

Physalis ixocarpa. See tomatillo

physicians; anti-vegetable views of; pro-vegetable views of; study of botany by; and tomatoes

Piacenza

Piedmont

Piovene, Guido

Pisa; botanical garden in; cathedral doors of

Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania)

pizza; history of

pizza Margherita

Placido, Michele, 204

Plantes potagères, Les (Vilmorin-Andrieux)

Plant Industry Station (Beltsville, Maryland)

plants, New World: classification of; curiosity about; drying of; exoticism of; identification of; as ornamental; reaction to. See also botany

Pliny

plum tomato. See tomatoes: varieties of: egg-shaped

Poggio a Caiano

Poland

polenta; declining consumption of; rationing of; term, as ethnic slur

Polistena

Polk, James

pollution

Polpette al pomodoro, Le (Saba)

pomarola (Tuscan tomato sauce)

pomidori alla Napolitana (tomatoes, Neapolitan style; recipe)

pomidoro sul prato. See “Tomatoes on the Lawn”

pomme d’amour (apple of love)

pomodorata (tomato throwing)

Pomo d’oro, Il (opera; Cesta)

Pomodoro, Il (Rovetta)

pomodoro (pomo d’oro), use of term

Pomodoro fresco a ogni stagione (Cirio)

Pomodoro industriale e da tavola, Il (Baldoni)

Ponte a Signa

“Poor Man’s Meat Sauce” (recipe)

Po River valley

pork fat. See also bacon; lard

Portici

Porto Maurizio (now Imperia)

Portugal

potatoes adoption of; ancient attribution of; shortage and rationing of

Potenza

poverty

Pozzuoli

Prato

preservatives

preserves, tomato

Prezzolini, Giuseppe

prices: fixed; of pizza; of tomatoes

prickly pear cactus

Priestly, J. B.

Primavera (tapestry; Bronzino)

Principato Citeriore

Prinetti Adamoli, Lucia

processing, of tomatoes

Prohibition

propaganda; of Fascists

prosperity, economic

Provence (France)

proverbs

Providence (Rhode Island)

Puglia

Pujati, Giuseppe Antonio

Pulcinella

Pummaro’ (film; Placido)

pummarola (pommarola; Neapolitan)

purè di pomodoro (sauce)

purée, tomato

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

Puzo, Mario

Pythagoras

Questione agraria e l’emigrazione in Calabria, La

rabbit

radicchio

radio: American; Italian (RAI)

radishes

ragù (meat sauce). See also sauces

railways; Canadian Pacific

rampions

Randi, Elisabetta

Rangone, Tommaso

rapini. See also broccoli rabe

ratatouille (Provençal eggplant-and-tomato dish)

rationing, of food

Ravenna

Ray, John

Re, Filippo

Rea, Domenico

recipes; booklets of; “formula” as term for

Redi, Francesco

refrigerators

Reggio Calabria

Remedello Sopra

remittances

Renaissance

Repubblica, La (newspaper)

Rerum medicarum Novae Hispaniae thesaurus (Hernández)

restaurants; Italian American

Rhode Island

rice; campaign in favor of; rationing of; U.S. subsidies for growing

Ricette di Petronilla per tempi eccezionali (Moretti Foggia)

Rinascente (department store)

Risorgimento. See also unification, of Italy risotto

ritual

River Bank Canning Company

Roda, Giuseppe

Roda, Marcellino

Rognoni, Carlo

Romania

Rome; liberation of; March on

Romoli, Domenico (“Il Panonto”)

Root, Waverley

rosemary (herb)

Rossi Lodomez, Vera

Rovetta, Renato

Royal Society (London)

Ruccione, Mario

Rudolph II (emperor)

Russell, Lucy (countess of Bedford)

Russia

rye

Saba, Umberto;

Sabato, domenica e lunedì (play; De Filippo)

Sacchi, Bartolomeo (“Platina”)

Sahagún, Bernardino da

Sala, Giovanni Domenico

salads. See also “September Salad”

salami

Salerno

salsa: compared with sugo; di pomodoro; rossa; rubra; verde; verde (Mexican)

salsa di pomodoro alla spagnola (tomato sauce, Spanish style; recipe)

salt

Saluzzo

Salviati, Francesco

samfaína (Catalonian eggplant-and tomato dish)

San Cataldo (Basilicata)

sandwiches

San Giovanni a Teduccio

San Marco in Lamis

Santa Maria Capua Vetere

Santi Spampinato Company

San Trovaso (island)

Sanzio, Raphael

Sapersi nutrire (Alimenti)

Sardinia

Sarno River

sauces; “mock” (sugo finto); ready-made; tomato; tomato leaves in; “tricolor,”. See also salsa

sausage

Savinio, Alberto

Savona

Savoy dynasty

Scalco alla moderna, Lo (Latini)

Scena Illustrata, La (magazine)

Scienza in cucina e l’arte di mangiar bene, La (Artusi)

scorzonera

seed banks

seed catalogs and companies

seeds: coffee from; development and sale of; EU lists of; exchange of; heirloom; hybridization of; oil from; removal of; sesame; sterility of

Sele River

“September Salad” (recipe)

Serao, Matilde

Sereni, Emilio

Sesto San Giovanni

Seville

Sforza (dukes)

Sforza d’Aragona, Bona

Sgaravatti Company

shallots

shape: of pasta; of tomatoes

Sherman, M.

shops; family; looting of; in World War II

Shriver, Alexis

Siamo meridionali (Cavallo)

Sicily

Siena

Sigismund I (king of Poland)

Sila mountains

simples, gardens of. See also gardens: botanical

Singolar dottrina di m. D. Romoli, La (Romoli)

Siracusa

slavery, labor

Slow Food movement

smell

Smith, Andrew

Società anonima di coltivatori per la preparazione delle conserve di pomodoro (tomato-processing company)

Soderini, Gianvettorio

Solanaceae (family)

Solanum (genus)

Somalia

Somma, Luigi

Sora

Sordi, Alberto

soup kitchens

soups; “red,”; cubes; tomato

sources, discussion of;

South America

soybeans

spaghetti; canned; and meatballs; “weevil,”. See also macaroni; pasta

Spaghetti Dinner (Prezzolini)

“Spaghetti House” (poem; Campora)

Spain

Spatuzzi, Achille

spices; dried tomato as

spinach

Spoleto

squash

Standa (department store)

Statistica murattiana

Steno (Stefano Vanzina)

stereotypes, food;

stew

still-life paintings

Still Life with Fish on the Grill (painting; Levoli)

Still Life with Mullet, Grill, Wine Flask, and Glass (painting; Magini)

strikes

students, Polish

subsidies, agricultural

succo di carne (gravy)

sugar; consumption of; rationing of; in tomatoes

sugar beets

sugo (sauce); compared with salsa. See also sauce sugo della miseria. See “Poor Man’s Meat Sauce”

Sugoro (ready-made sauce)

Sunday meal

sun-dried tomatoes

sunflowers

supermarkets

Supreme Court (U.S.)

Sweden

“Sweet Pie” (recipe)

sweet potatoes

Swiss chard

Switzerland

symbolism

“Tagliatelle in Tomato Sauce with Shallots” (recipe)

tapestries

Targioni Tozzetti, Adolfo

Targioni Tozzetti, Giovanni

Targioni Tozzetti, Ottaviano

tariffs: Australian; EU; U.S.

taste. See flavor, of tomatoes

Taverna (Calabria)

taverns. See also inns

Tavoliere (agricultural region)

tenant farmers (mezzadri)

terracing, mountainside

Terra di Lavoro

Terranova, Ciro (“Artichoke king”)

Testaccio (Rome)

Teti, Vito

Theophrastus

thrift

tin

tobacco

Togliatti, Palmiro

Toledo, Eleonora di

tomatillo; compared with tomato

tomatine

tomatl

tomatoes: acculturation of; additives in; agricultural subsidies for growing; ambivalence toward; as aphrodisiac; baked or grilled; bathtub cultivation of; bottling of; breeding of; brought to Europe; canning of; classification of; as “cold,”; color of; compared with eggplant; compared with tomatillo; as condiment; consumption of; cultivation of; current production of (Italy); depictions of; export of; fertilization of; first reaction to; flavor of; as fruit; in Futurist cuisine; genetic modification of; greenhouse cultivation of; as harmful; harvesting of; as healthful; in kingdom of Naples; as low-status plant; as medicinal plant; mythical associations of; names for; as ornamental plant; in peasant economy; in pharmacopoeias; physicians’ views of; as pill; price of; processing of; proverbs about; pulp of; raw; removing skins and seeds of; in salads; sale of; shape of; as “solar,”; sun-dried; as “superfood,”; sweetness of; throwing of; toxicity of; use of, by Aztecs; use of, by elites; use of, by Maya; wild; yields of. See also astrattu; concentrate, tomato; conserva; passata; paste, tomato; preserves, tomato; purée, tomato; sauces; individual dishes

VARIETIES OF: acidity of; beefsteak; ‘Cal-j’ ‘Calroma’ cherry; ‘Chico’ ‘Cuor di bue’ (Oxheart); determinate; development of; egg-shaped; ‘Ferrisi’ ‘Fiaschetto’ (‘Fiaschella’); ‘FlavrSavr’ furrowed or ribbed; ‘Geneva 11’ ‘Genovese’ ‘Heinz 1706’ “heirloom,”; hybrid ‘Hypeel’ indeterminate; ‘Ingegnoli’ ‘Isola’ ‘Italpeel’ ‘Lampadina’ ‘Livingston’s Marvel’ loss of; modern; ‘Nectar’ ‘Pachino’ ‘Pan American’ pear-shaped; ‘Perfect Peel’ ‘Petomech’ ‘Ponderosa’ ‘President Garfield’ ‘Principe Borghese’ ‘Red Top’ ‘Re Umberto’ (‘King Humbert’); ‘Roma’; round (tondo); ‘San Marzano’; ‘Snob’; ‘St. Louis’; ‘Sweet Millions’; traditional; trailing; ‘Tramonti’; ‘Ventura’

“Tomatoes on the Lawn” (recipe)

Toronto

Torre Annunziata

Totò (film character; Antonio De Curtis)

Totò, Peppino e la Malafemmina (film; Mastrocinque)

Totò a Parigi (film; Mastrocinque)

Touring Club Italiano (TCI)

tradition, role of

Trent, Council of

Tribolo, Niccolò

Tripalin Murray, Catherine,

tripe

Triumph of Camillus (fresco series; Sal viati)

truffles

Turin; southern Italians in

Turkey

turkeys

turnips

turtle dove

Tuscany; vegetable consumption in

Udine

Udine, Giovanni da

Umberto I (king of Italy)

Umbria

Underworld (Don DeLillo)

unification, of Italy. See also Risorgimento

United Kingdom. See Great Britain United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration

United States; canned spaghetti in; Department of Commerce of; genetically modified tomatoes in; Old Northwest of; ‘Roma’ tomato in; tomato paste exported to; tomato processing in

universities: La Sapienza (Rome); Padua; Pisa

uova al piatto con pomidoro. See “Eggs and Tomatoes”

UPIM (department store)

Urban VIII (pope)

Urbino

Utica (New York)

vacuum packing

van Helmont, Jan Baptist

vanilla

Varese

Vasari, Giorgio

veal

veal parmigiano

veal scaloppini

vegetables: attitudes toward; benefits of; canned; consumption of; cultivation of; depictions of; in Italian immigrant diet; in Polish diet; raw; in religious institutions; sale of; seasonality of; side dishes of (contorni); in southern Italian diet; tomato listed as; “vegetable fruit,” notion of

vegetarianism

Veneto

Venice,

Ventre di Napoli, Il (Serao)

Ventura, Luigi Donato

Verde Barr, Nancy

Verga, Giovanni

Vergara, Joe

verjuice. See grapes: sour

Vermicellari (vermicelli makers)

vermicelli. See also pasta

Veronese, Paolo

Vertumnus (Roman god)

vetch

Viaggio in Italia (Piovene)

Viaggio per l’Italia di Giannettino, Il (Collodi)

Vicenza

Victor Emmanuel II (king of Italy)

Victoria (queen of England)

Vienna

Vigilio, Giovanni Battista

Vigo, Francis

Villa di Castello

Villa Farnesina (palace)

Vilmorin-Andrieux and Company

vinegar

Vinti giornate dell’agricoltura, Le (Gallo)

Vita di uno scalco, La (Latini)

vitamins

Vitto pitagorico, Del (Cocchi)

Vittoria (Sicily)

Vittorini, Elio

vivaio (garden feature)

Vivenza, Andrea

Volterra

walnuts

water. See also irrigation

West Germany

wheat; demand for; durum semolina; production of

wine; in company cafeterias; Marsala; in soldiers’ rations

women, contribution of

World Trade Organization

World War I

World War II

xitomatl. See Aztecs, use of tomato by

yields: of tomatoes; of wheat

yogurt

Zago, Ferruccio

Zanichelli Company

Zeri, Federico

Zerillo, Lorenzo

zucchini

zuppa alli pomodoro (tomato soup; recipe)