1. Jean Améry, “Resentments,” in At the Mind’s Limits: Contemplations by a Survivor on Auschwitz and Its Realities, trans. Sidney Rosenfeld and Stella P. Rosenfeld (Indiana University Press, 1980), p. 81.
2. Ibid., p. 72.
3. Ibid., p. 77.
4. Hannah Arendt, “Auschwitz on Trial,” Responsibility and Judgment, ed. Jerome Kohn (Schocken Books, 2003), pp. 228–29.
5. See Ta-Nehisi Coates, “The Case for Reparations,” in We Were Eight Years in Power (One World, 2017).
6. See Coates, We Were Eight Years in Power; Randall Robinson, The Debt: What America Owes to Blacks (Dutton, 2000); Thomas McCarthy, “Coming to Terms with Our Past, Part II: On the Morality and Politics of Reparations for Slavery,” Political Theory, no. 6 (2004): 750–72; and Charles J. Ogletree, “Tulsa Reparations: The Survivors’ Story,” Boston College Third World Law Journal 24 (2004): 13–30.
7. See Christopher Clark, The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914 (Penguin Books, 2012).
8. Hannah Arendt, Ich will verstehen: Selbstauskünfte zu Leben und Werk (Piper, 1996), p. 59.
9. See Tom Segev, The Seventh Million: The Israelis and the Holocaust (Henry Holt, 2000).
10. Ibid., p. 192.
11. Ibid., p. 204.
12. Paul Weymar, Konrad Adenauer: His Authorized Biography, trans. Peter de Mendelssohn (Dutton, 1957), p. 406.
13. Ibid., p. 445.
14. See Segev, The Seventh Million, pp. 230ff; and Constantin Goschler, Schuld und Schulden: Die Politik der Wiedergutmachung für NS Verfolgte seit 1945 (Wallstein, 2005), p. 274.
15. Segev, The Seventh Million, p. 246ff.
16. John H. McWhorter, “The Privilege of Checking White Privilege,” Daily Beast, March 15, 2015.
17. Jelani Cobb, “What We Talk About When We Talk About Reparations,” New Yorker, May 29, 2014.
18. Ta-Nehisi Coates, We Were Eight Years in Power, p. 201.
19. See Susan Neiman, “Victims and Heroes,” in The Tanner Lectures on Human Values (University of Utah Press, 2012).
20. See Edward E. Baptist, The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism (Basic Books, 2014); Sven Beckert, Empire of Cotton: A Global History (Knopf, 2014); and Walter Johnson, River of Dark Dreams (Belknap, 2013).
21. Baptist, The Half Has Never Been Told, p. xviii.
22. Ibid., p. 387.
23. Ibid., p. 317ff.
24. Ibid., p. 410.
25. Ibid., chapter 4.
26. See Special Field Order 15 in Roy L. Brooks, When Sorry Isn’t Enough: The Controversy over Apologies and Reparations for Human Injustice (New York University Press, 1999), p. 366.
27. Baptist, The Half Has Never Been Told, p. 408.
28. Martin Luther King Jr., The Radical King, ed. Cornel West (Beacon Press, 2015), p. 243.
29. Douglas A. Blackmon, Slavery by Another Name (Anchor Books, 2008), p. 402.
30. Ibid., p. 73.
31. Ibid., p. 336.
32. Ibid., p. 380.
33. Ibid., p. 85.
34. See Michelle Alexander, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (The New Press, 2012); and Bryan Stevenson, Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption (Spiegel & Grau, 2014).
35. For one summary of studies, see www.sentencingproject.org.
36. H. R. Haldeman, Inside the White House (G. P. Putnam, 1995), italics added.
37. Blackmon, Slavery by Another Name, p. 390.
38. Coates, We Were Eight Years in Power, p. 169.
39. See Dalton Conley, Being Black, Living in the Red (University of California Press, 2009).
40. See Elizabeth Anderson, The Imperative of Integration (Princeton University Press, 2010).
41. Coates, We Were Eight Years in Power, p. 177.
42. Ibid., p. 190.
43. José Brunner, Constantin Goschler, and Norbert Frei, Die Globalisierung der Wiedergutmachung (Wallstein Verlag, 2013), p. 296ff.
44. Blackmon, Slavery by Another Name, p. 394.
45. Coates, We Were Eight Years in Power, p. 207.
46. Thomas Chatterton Williams, “How Ta-Nehisi Coates Gives Whiteness Power,” New York Times, October 6, 2017.
47. See Carol Anderson, White Rage (Bloomsbury, 2016), chapter 5.
48. See Neiman, “Victims and Heroes.”
49. John Torpey, Making Whole What Has Been Smashed: On Reparations Politics (Harvard University Press, 2006), pp. 5, 23.
50. Ibid., 37.
51. Ashraf Rushdy, A Guilted Age: Apologies for the Past (Temple University Press, 2015), p. 171.
52. McCarthy, “Coming to Terms with Our Past, Part II,” p. 12.
53. Ibid., 24.
54. Robinson, The Debt, p. 232.
55. Susan Neiman, “What Americans Abroad Know About Bernie Sanders and You Should Too,” Los Angeles Times, June 3, 2016.
56. See Robinson, The Debt; and Ogletree, “Tulsa Reparations: The Survivor’s Story.”
57. Adolph Reed Jr., “From Jenner to Dolezal: One Trans Good, the Other Not So Much,” Common Dreams, June 15, 2015, www.commondreams.org/views/2015/06/15/jenner-dolezal-one-trans-good-other-not-so-much (accessed October 21, 2018). See also Cornel West, “Ta-Nehisi Coates Is the Neoliberal Face of the Black Freedom Struggle,” Guardian, December 17, 2017.
58. The original document is stored in the King Center Archives.
59. See Naomi Klein, This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate (Simon & Schuster, 2014).
60. Works that were particularly influential in this regard include Primo Levi’s If This Is a Man, Ruth Kluger’s Still Alive, and Imre Kertész’s Fatelessness.
61. See Binjamin Wilkomirski, Fragments: Memories of a Wartime Childhood (Knopf Doubleday, 1997).
62. See Thomas Brudholm, Resentment’s Virtue: Jean Améry and the Refusal to Forgive (Temple University Press, 2008).
63. Améry, “Resentments,” p. 64.
64. See Isaac Deutscher, The Non-Jewish Jew and Other Essays (Alyson Publications, 1968).
65. Janna Thompson, Taking Responsibility for the Past (Polity Press, 2002), p. 37.
66. Kris Manjapra, “When Will Britian Face Up to Its Crimes against Humanity?,” Guardian, March 29, 2018.
67. See Wole Soyinka, The Burden of Memory, the Muse of Forgiveness (Oxford University Press, 1999).
68. Goschler, Schuld und Schulden, p. 226.
69. www.ibtimes.co.in, July 24, 2015.
70. David Brooks, “The Case for Reparations,” New York Times, March 7, 2019.