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6. Wang, Yuan-kang, 2011. Harmony and War: Confucian Culture and Chinese Power Politics. New York: Columbia University Press, p. 34.

7. Ibid., pp. 60–61.

8. Ibid., p. 63.

9. Ibid., p. 61.

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16. Broadberry, Stephen, et al., 2017. Op. cit., p. 26.

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22. Ibid., pp. 220–21.

23. Mastnak, Tomaž, 2002. Crusading Peace: Christendom, the Muslim World, and Western Political Order. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, p. 37.

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27. Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, R. J. H. Jenkins, trans., 1967. De Administrando Imperio. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies.

28. Comnena, Anna, E. R. A. Sewter, trans., 1969. The Alexiad. Harmondsworth: Penguin, p. 157.

29. Choniates, Niketas, Harry J. Magoulias, trans., 1984. O City of Byzantium: Annals of Niketas Choniates. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press.

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32. Peacock, A. C. S., 2015. The Great Seljuk Empire. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, p. 46.

33. Ibid., p. 33.

34. Korobeinikov, Dimitri, 2013. ‘The King of the East and the West’: The Seljuk Dynastic Concept and Titles in the Muslim and Christian Sources. In A. C. S. Peacock and Sara Nur Yildiz, eds. The Seljuks of Anatolia: Court and Society in the Medieval Middle East. London: I.B. Tauris, p. 73.

35. Canard, Marius, 1947. L’impérialisme des Fatimides et leur propaganda. Annales de l’institute d’études orientales, vol. 6, pp. 180–86.

36. Black, Antony, 2011. The History of Islamic Political Thought: From the Prophet to the Present. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, p. 46.

37. Peacock, A. C. S., 2015. Op. cit., p. 61.

38. Ibid., p. 72.

39. Karsh, Efraim, 2006. Islamic Imperialism: A History. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, p. 73.

40. Meenakshisundararajan, A., 2009. Rajendra Chola’s Naval Expedition and the Chola Trade with Southeast and East Asia. In Hermann Kulke et al., eds. Nagapattinam to Suvarnadwipa: Reflections on the Chola Naval Expeditions to Southeast Asia. Singapore: ISEAS, pp. 174–5.

41. Bilhana, Georg Bühler, ed., 1875. The Vikramankadevacharita: A Life of King Vikramaditya-Tribhuvanamalla of Kalyana Composed by his Vidyapati Bilhana. Bombay: Government Central Book Depôt, p. 12.

42. Kahlana, Jogesh Chunda Dutt, trans., 1887. Kings of Kashmira: Being a Translation of the Sanskrita Work Rajatarangini of Kahlana Pandita, vol. 2. Calcutta: J. C. Dutt, p. 17.

43. Ibid., pp. 9, 12, 15.

44. Spencer, George W., 1976. The Politics of Plunder: The Cholas in Eleventh-Century Ceylon. Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 405–19.

45. Lo, Jung-Pang, Bruce A. Elleman, ed., 2012. Op. cit., p. 11.

46. Bilhana, Georg Bühler, trans., 1875. Op. cit., p. 15.

47. Ibid., p. 44.

48. Wink, André, 1997. Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World, vol. 2, The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest, 11th–13th Centuries. Leiden: Brill, p. 146.

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53. Joinville and Villehardouin, Caroline Smith, trans., 2008. Chronicles of the Crusades. London: Penguin, p. 10.

54. Martin, M. E., 1980. The Venetian-Seljuk Treaty of 1220. English Historical Review. vol. 95, no. 375, pp. 321–30.

55. Jackson, Peter, 2005. The Mongols and the West, 1221–1410. Harlow: Longman, p. 131.

56. Dawson, Christopher, 1980. Op. cit., p. 76.

57. Lamouroux, Christian, 1997. Geography and Politics: The Song-Liao Border Dispute of 1074/75. In Sabine Dabringhaus and Roderich Ptak, eds. China and Her Neighbours. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pp. 1–28.

58. Chang, Yachin, 1975. Chenkuo yu Song Liao hua jie jiaoshi [Shen Kua and the Border Negotiations between Sung and Liao]. Shihi, vol. 12, pp. 10–25.

59. Fenby, Jonathan, 2015. The Dragon Throne: China’s Emperors from the Qin to the Manchu. London: Quercus, p. 167.

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