1. Estimated annual average global military expenditure in 2016 US dollars: 1980s: $1,350 billion; 1990s: $1,050 billion; 2000s: $1,300 billion; 2010s: $1,650 billion. Source: SIPRI, 2018. SIPRI Military Expenditure Database. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Retrieved from: https://www.sipri.org/databases/milex.
2. Cicero, Marcus Tullius, G. L. Hendrickson and H. M. Hubell, trans., 1939. Brutus. Orator. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, p. 395.
3. See, for example, the brilliant reconstruction of the Congress System (or the ‘Concert of Europe’) in Kissinger, Henry, 1994. Diplomacy. New York: Simon & Schuster.
4. For example, Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, 1981. The War Trap. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
5. Notable examples include: Kennedy, Paul, 1987. The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000. New York: Random House; Organski, A. F. K., 1968. World Politics. New York: Knopf; Landes, David S., 1999. The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor. New York: W. W. Norton.
6. Dahl, Robert, 1957. The Concept of Power. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 201–15.
7. Morgenthau, Hans, 1948. Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Peace and Power. New York: McGraw-Hill.