BOOKS
Allan, Scott, Emily A. Beeny, and Gloria Groom. Manet and Modern Beauty: The Artist’s Last Years. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2019.
Alsdorf, Bridget. Fellow Men: Fantin-Latour and the Problem of the Group in Nineteenth-Century French Painting. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2013.
Begley, Adam. The Great Nadar: The Man Behind the Camera. New York: Crown, 2017.
Benfey, Christopher. Degas in New Orleans: Encounters in the Creole World of Kate Chopin and George Washington Cable. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1997.
Benjamin, Walter. The Writer of Modern Life: Essays on Charles Baudelaire. Edited by Michael W. Jennings. Translated by Howard Eiland, Edmund Jephcott, Rodney Livingston, and Harry Zohn. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2006.
Bethel, Paul, Anna Meakin, and Peter Clare. Paris by Plaque. London: Counting House Books, 2011.
Boggs, Jean Sutherland. Portraits by Degas. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962.
Boggs, Jean Sutherland, Douglas W. Druick, Henri Loyrette, Michael Pantazzi, and Gary Tinterow. Degas. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1988.
Borchardt-Hume, Achim, Gloria Groom, Caitlin Haskell, and Natalia Sidlina. Cezanne. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2022.
Brettell, Richard R. Pissarro’s People. San Francisco: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco and Williamstown, MA: Clark Art Institute, 2011.
Broch, Herman. Hugo von Hofmannsthal and His Time: The European Imagination, 1860–1920. Translated by Michael P. Steinberg. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.
Brombert, Beth Archer. Edouard Manet: Rebel in a Frock Coat. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.
Brooks, Peter. Flaubert in the Ruins of Paris: The Story of a Friendship, a Novel, and a Terrible Year. New York: Basic Books, 2017.
Brown, Frederick. Zola: A Life. London: Papermac, 1997.
Bouillon, Jean-Paul, ed. Manet to Bracquemond: Newly Discovered Letters to an Artist and Friend. Paris: Fondation Custodia/Collection Frits Lugt, 2020.
Buron, Melissa E., and Krystyna Matyjaszkiewicz. James Tissot. San Francisco: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, 2019.
Bury, J. P. T. France 1814–1940. London: Routledge, 2003.
Bury, J. P. T., and R. P. Tombs. Thiers 1797–1877. A Political Life. London: Allen & Unwin, 1986.
Butler, Ruth. Hidden in the Shadow of the Master: The Model-Wives of Cézanne, Monet, and Rodin. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.
Butterfield, Paula. La Luministe. Raleigh, NC: Regal House, 2019.
Calasso, Roberto. La Folie Baudelaire. Translated by Alastair McEwen. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2012.
Christiansen, Rupert. City of Light: The Making of Modern Paris. New York: Basic Books, 2018.
———. Paris Babylon: The Story of the Paris Commune. New York: Penguin Books, 1996.
Chu, Petra ten-Doesschate, ed. Letters of Gustave Courbet. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.
———. The Most Arrogant Man in France: Gustave Courbet and the Nineteenth-Century Media Culture. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007.
Clark, Christopher. Revolutionary Spring: Europe Aflame and the Fight for a New World, 1848–1849. New York: Crown, 2023.
Clark, T. J. The Painting of Modern Life: Paris in the Art of Manet and His Followers. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984.
Clayson, Hollis. Painted Love: Prostitution in French Art of the Impressionist Era. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1991.
———. Paris in Despair: Art and Everyday Life under Siege (1870–71). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002.
Cogeval, Guy, Stéphane Guégan, and Alice Thomine-Berrada, comps. Birth of Impressionism: Masterpieces from the Musée d’Orsay. San Francisco: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, 2010.
Corbeau-Parsons, Caroline, ed. Impressionists in London: French Artists in Exile 1870–1904. London: Tate, 2017.
Daudet, Alphonse. In the Land of Pain. Edited and translated by Julian Barnes. London: Jonathan Cape, 2002.
Denvir, Bernard. The Thames and Hudson Encyclopaedia of Impressionism. London: Thames & Hudson, 1990.
Doran, Michael, ed. Conversations with Cézanne. Translated by Julie Lawrence Cochran. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001.
Doyle, William. The French Revolution: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.
Elderfield, John. Manet and the Execution of Maximilian. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 2006.
Figes, Orlando. The Europeans: Three Lives and the Making of a Cosmopolitan Culture. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2019.
Fisher, John. Airlift 1870: The Balloons and Pigeons in the Siege of Paris. London: Max Parrish, 1965.
Flaubert, Gustave. Madame Bovary (1857). Translated by Lydia Davis. New York: Penguin Books, 2011.
Font-Réaulx, Dominique de, Laurence Des Cars, Michel Hilaire, Bruno Mottin, and Bertrand Tillier. Gustave Courbet. Ostfildern, Germany: Hatje Cantz, 2008.
Friedrich, Otto. Olympia: Paris in the Age of Manet. New York: HarperCollins, 1992.
Gautier, Théophile. A Romantic in Spain. Translated by Catherine Alison Phillips. New York: Interlink Books, 2001.
Glaisher, James. The Aeronauts: Travels in the Air. Brooklyn: Melville House, 2019.
Goncourt, Edmond, and Jules Goncourt. Pages from the Goncourt Journals. Edited and translated by Robert Baldick. New York: New York Review Books, 2007.
Gotlieb, Marc. The Deaths of Henri Regnault. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.
Goya, Francisco. The Disasters of War. New York: Dover, 1967.
Groom, Gloria, ed. Impressionism, Fashion, and Modernity. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 2012.
Guégan, Stéphane et al. Manet inventeur du moderne. Paris: Musée d’Orsay and Éditions Gallimard, 2011.
Gullickson, Gay L. Unruly Women of Paris: Images of the Commune. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996.
Hambourg, Maria Morris, Françoise Heilbrun, and Philippe Néagu. Nadar. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1995.
Hamilton, George Heard. Manet and his Critics. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1954.
Hanson, Anne Coffin, Charles S. Moffett, and Michel Melot. Manet. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1983.
Hatzfeldt, Paul. The Hatzfeldt Letters: Letters of Count Paul Hatzfeldt to His Wife, Written from the Head-Quarters of the King of Prussia, 1870–71. Translated by J. L. Bashford. Miami: HardPress, 2012.
Hénaut, Stéphane, and Jeni Mitchell. A Bite-Sized History of France: Gastronomic Tales of Revolution, War, and Enlightenment. New York: New Press, 2018.
Herbert, Robert L. Impressionism: Art, Leisure, and Parisian Society. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1991.
Hibbert, Christopher. The French Revolution. London: Penguin Books, 1982.
Higonnet, Anne. Berthe Morisot. New York: HarperPerennial, 1990.
Hilaire, Michel, Kimberly Jones, and Paul Perrin. Frédéric Bazille (1841–1870) and the Birth of Impressionism. Paris: Flammarion, 2016.
Holmes, Richard. Falling Upwards: How We Took to the Air: An Unconventional History of Ballooning. New York: Vintage Books, 2013.
Horne, Alistair. The Fall of Paris: The Siege and the Commune, 1870–71. London: Penguin Books, 2007.
———. The Terrible Year: The Paris Commune, 1871. London: Phoenix, 2004.
Howard, Michael. The Franco-Prussian War: The German Invasion of France, 1870–1871. New York: Routledge, 2006.
Hubert, Robert L. Impressionism: Art, Leisure, and Parisian Society. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1991.
Hughes, Robert. Goya. London: Harvill Press, 2003.
Kang, Cindy, Marianne Mathieu, Nicole R. Myers, Sylvie Patry, and Bill Scott. Berthe Morisot: Woman Impressionist. New York: Rizzoli Electa, 2018.
Kear, Jon. Paul Cézanne. London: Reaktion Books, 2016.
Kendall, Richard, ed. Degas by Himself: Drawings, Prints, Paintings, Writings. London: Time Warner, 2004.
King, Ross. The Judgement of Paris: The Revolutionary Decade That Gave the World Impressionism. New York: Walker & Co., 2006.
Kirkland, Stephane. Paris Reborn: Napoleon III, Baron Haussmann, and the Quest to Build a Modern City. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2013.
Kohlbauer-Fritz, Gabriele, and Tom Juncker, eds. The Ephrussis: Travel in Time. Vienna: Paul Zsolnay Verlag, 2019.
Locke, Nancy. Manet and the Family Romance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001.
Loyrette, Henri. Degas. Paris: Librairie Arthème Fayard, 1991.
Loyrette, Henri, Leila Jarbouai, Kimberly A. Jones, and Marine Kisiel. Degas at the Opéra. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 2020.
Madeline, Laurence, Bridget Alsdorf, Richard Kendall, Jane R. Becker, Vibeke Waallann Hansen, and Joëlle Bolloch. Women Artists in Paris, 1850–1900. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2017.
Maloon, Terence, Richard Shiff, Joachim Pissarro, Peter Raissis, and Clare Durand-Ruel Snollaerts. Camille Pissarro. Sydney: Art Gallery of New South Wales, 2005.
Manet, Julie. Growing Up with the Impressionists: The Diary of Julie Manet. Translated and edited by Jane Roberts. London: I.B. Tauris, 2017.
Mathieu, Marianne, ed. Julie Manet: An Impressionist Heritage. Paris: Musée Marmottan Monet and Vanves: Éditions Hazan, 2021.
Maupassant, Guy de. Alien Hearts (1890). Translated by Richard Howard. New York: New York Review of Books, 2009.
———. A Parisian Affair and Other Stories. Translated by Sian Miles. London: Penguin Books, 2004.
McCullough, David. The Greater Journey: Americans in Paris. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011.
McDonald, Mark. Goya’s Graphic Imagination. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2021.
McGrady, Patrick J., and Nancy Locke. Manet and Friends. University Park: Palmer Museum of Art and Pennsylvania State University Press, 2008.
McMullen, Roy. Degas: His Life, Times, and Work. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1984.
Merriman, John. Massacre: The Life and Death of the Paris Commune of 1871. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2016.
Meyers, Jeffrey. Impressionist Quartet: The Intimate Genius of Manet and Morisot, Degas and Cassatt. Orlando, FL: Harcourt, 2005.
Milner, John. Art, War, and Revolution in France, 1870–1871: Myth, Reportage, and Reality. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000.
Moffet, Charles S., Stephen F. Eisenman, Richard Shiff, Paul Tucker, Hollis Clayson, Richard R. Brettell, Ronald Pickvance, Fronia E. Wissman, Joel Isaacson, and Martha Ward. The New Painting: Impressionism 1874–1886. San Francisco: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, 1986.
Muhlstein, Anka. The Pen and the Brush: How Passion for Art Shaped Nineteenth-Century French Novels. Translated by Adriana Hunter. New York: Other Press, 2017.
———. Camille Pissarro: The Audacity of Impressionism. Translated by Adriana Hunter. New York: Other Press, 2023.
Murrell, Denise. Posing Modernity: The Black Model from Manet and Matisse to Today. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2018.
Nadar, Félix. When I Was a Photographer. Translated by Eduardo Cadava and Liana Theodoratou. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2015.
Nochlin, Linda. Courbet. London: Thames & Hudson, 2007
Nord, Philip. Impressionists and Politics: Art and Democracy in the Nineteenth Century. London: Routledge, 2010.
———. The Republican Moment: Struggles for Democracy in Nineteenth-Century France. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.
Pissarro, Joachim. Cézanne and Pissarro: Pioneering Modern Painting. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 2005.
Poňka, Anabelle Kienle. Monet: A Bridge to Modernity. Milan: 5 Continents, 2015.
Prendergast, Christopher. The Fourteenth of July and the Taking of the Bastille. London: Profile Books, 2008.
Rapport, Mike. 1848: Year of Revolution. New York: Basic Books, 2009.
Reff, Theodore. Degas: The Artist’s Mind. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1976.
———. Manet and Modern Paris. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1982.
Renoir, Jean. Renoir, My Father. Translated by Randolph Weaver and Dorothy Weaver. New York: New York Review Books, 2001.
Rewald, John. The History of Impressionism. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1973.
Rey, Jean-Dominique. Berthe Morisot. Translated by Louise Rogers Lalaurie. Paris: Flammarion, 2018.
Robb, Graham. Parisians: An Adventure History of Paris. New York: W. W. Norton, 2010.
———. Victor Hugo: A Biography. New York: W. W. Norton, 1997.
Robins, Anna Gruetzner, and Richard Thomson. Degas, Sickert, and Toulouse-Lautrec: London and Paris 1870–1910. London: Tate, 2005.
Rodari, Florian, Pierre Georgel, Luc Sante, and Marie-Laure Prévost. Shadows of a Hand: The Drawings of Victor Hugo. New York: Drawing Center and London: Merrell Holberton, 1998.
Roe, Sue. The Private Lives of the Impressionists. New York: HarperCollins, 2006.
Ross, Kristin. Communal Luxury: The Political Imaginary of the Paris Commune. London: Verso, 2016.
Rouart, Denis, ed. Berthe Morisot: Correspondence. Translated by Betty W. Hubbard. Mt. Kisco, NY: Moyer Bell, 1987. First edition published by Lund Humphries, London, 1947.
Rubin, James H. Courbet. London: Phaidon Press, 1997.
Sauerländer, Willibald. Manet Paints Monet: A Summer in Argenteuil. Translated by David Dollenmayer. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2014.
Schivelbusch, Wolfgang. The Culture of Defeat: On National Trauma, Mourning, and Recovery. Translated by Jefferson Chase. New York: Picador, 2003.
———. The Railway Journey: The Industrialization of Time and Space in the Nineteenth Century. Oakland: University of California Press, 2014.
Shackelford, George T. M., Anthea Callen, Mary-Dailey Desmarais, Richard Shiff, and Richard Thomson. Monet: The Early Years. Fort Worth, TX: Kimbell Art Museum, 2016.
Shone, Richard. Berthe Morisot. London: JPL Fine Arts, 1990.
Spate, Virginia. Claude Monet: The Colour of Time. London: Thames & Hudson, 2001.
Spies-Gans, Paris A. A Revolution on Canvas: The Rise of Women Artists in Britain and France, 1760–1830. London: Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art, 2022.
Steegmuller, Francis. Flaubert and Madame Bovary: A Double Portrait. New York: New York Review Books, 2004.
———, ed. The Letters of Gustave Flaubert, 1857–1880. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1982.
Stevens, Maryanne, Stéphane Guégan, Carol M. Armstrong, Leah Lehmbeck, Colin Bailey, and Lawrence W. Nichols. Manet: Portraying Life. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2012.
Taithe, Bertrand. Defeated Flesh: Medicine, Welfare, and Warfare in the Making of Modern France. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999.
Tinterow, Gary, and Geneviève Lacambre, Manet/Velázquez: The French Taste for Spanish Painting. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art and New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003.
Tinterow, Gary, and Henri Loyrette. Origins of Impression. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1994.
Tombs, Robert. The War Against Paris 1871. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
Turner, Jane, ed. From Monet to Cézanne: Late 19th-Century French Artists. London: Macmillan Reference, 2000.
Valéry, Paul. Degas, Manet, Morisot. Translated by David Paul. Vol. 12 of The Collected Works of Paul Valéry. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989.
Varley, Karine. Under the Shadow of Defeat: The War of 1870–71 in French Memory. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
Walther, Ingo F., ed. Impressionism, 1860–1920. Cologne, Germany: Taschen, 2018.
Wawro, Geoffrey. The Franco-Prussian War: The German Conquest of France in 1870–1871. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
White, Barbara Ehrlich. Impressionists Side by Side: Their Friendships, Rivalries, and Artistic Exchanges. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1996.
Williams, Ellen. The Impressionists’ Paris: Walking Tours of the Artists’ Studios, Homes, and the Sites They Painted. New York: Little Bookroom, 1997.
Wilson-Bareau, Juliet, ed. Manet by Himself. Edison, NJ: Chartwell Books, 2001.
Wilson-Bareau, Juliet, and David C. Degner. Manet and the American Civil War: The Battle of the U.S.S. Kearsarge and the C.S.S. Alabama. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003.
———. Manet and the Sea. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2003.
Wolohojian, Stephan, and Ashley E. Dunn. Manet/Degas. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press and New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2023.
Zeldin, Theodore. Ambition, Love and Politics. Vol. 1 of France 1848–1945. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973.
Zola, émile. La Débâcle (1892). Translated by Elinor Dorday. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
———. Looking at Manet. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2018.
JOURNAL ARTICLES
Barnes, Julian. “The Morisot Sisters.” London Review of Books 41, no. 17 (September 12, 2019).
Curtiss, Mina. “Letters of Édouard Manet to his Wife During the Siege of Paris 1870–71.” Apollo 113 (June 1981).
Dolan, Therese. “Manet’s ‘Portrait-Charge’ of Émile Ollivier.” Print Quarterly 17, no. 1 (March 2000): 17–26.
Labouchere, Henry du Pré. Diary of the Besieged Resident in Paris. (1871; reprint Project Gutenberg, 2006).
Pierre, Caterina Y. “‘A New Formula for High Art’: The Genesis and Reception of Marcello’s Pythia.” Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide 2, no. 2 (Autumn 2003).
Tyre, Jess. “Music in Paris During the Franco-Prussian War and the Commune.” Journal of Musicology 22, no. 2 (April 2005): 173–202.
Voves, Ed. “Berthe Morisot Exhibition at the Barnes Foundation. Philadelphia.” Art Eyewitness (blog), November 6, 2018.