Achilles, 66, 274, 280, 281, 285
Adams, Henry, 55
Adler, Mortimer, 54
Adorno, Theodore, 146, 224, 225
Alembert, Jean d’, 257
Allen, Woody, 125, 144–46, 154, 155, 173
American Association of University Professors, 325
Anna Karenina (Tolstoy), 64, 108, 229
Apology (Plato), 265–67, 274, 276, 278, 281
Aquinas, Saint Thomas, 376
Arendt, Hannah, 152
Aristophanes, 381
Aristotle, 305
Aquinas on, 376
family relations and, 112
gentlemen educated by, 279–81
Great Books education and, 344–45
great-souled man of, 250
Heidegger and, 310
Hobbes vs., 255
Marsilius of Padua and, 283
medieval scholasticism and, 252–53, 264, 378
musical education viewed by, 72–73
pity viewed by, 108
Plato and, 381
pleasure viewed by, 137
political distaste for, 253
political science of, 178, 262–63, 363, 366
science and, 300
slavery viewed by, 248
soul viewed by, 176
Assembly of Women, The (Aristophanes), 97, 99
Augustine, Saint, 249
Austen, Jane, 375
Bach, Johann Sebastian, 72
Bacon, Francis, 263, 265, 286, 292, 305
Bardot, Brigitte, 77
Barthes, Roland, 379
Battle of the Books, The (Swift), 373
Baudelaire, Charles, 205
Bauhaus movement, 152n
Bayle, Pierre, 294
Beatles, 350
Beethoven, Ludwig van, 72
Bellow, Saul, 11–18, 85, 237–38
Benedict, Ruth, 362
Bentham, Jeremy, 116
Bergson, Henri, 221
Berrigan, Daniel, 326
Bertolucci, Bernardo, 146n
Bettelheim, Bruno, 145
Bible:
American education and, 54, 56–57, 58, 60
humanities and, 374–75
influence of, 252
sexism and, 65–66
student knowledge of, 62
Birth of Tragedy, The (Nietzsche), 71
Black, Hugo, 62
Blue Angel, The, 151
Blum, Léon, 239
Bolero (Ravel), 73
Brecht, Bertolt, 151
British Royal Society, 294
Brown, Norman O., 322
Brown University, 84
Buddha, 211
Burke, Edmund, 85
Caesar, Julius, 281
Calvin, John, 208–11
Camus, Albert, 88
Carlyle, Thomas, 181
Carter, Jimmy, 119
Castro, Fidel, 331
Catcher in the Rye, The (Salinger), 63
Céline, Louis-Ferdinand, 239
Churchill, Sir Winston, 123, 256, 364–65
Cicero, 154
City of God, The (Augustine), 249
Clausewitz, Karl von, 290
Clouds, The (Aristophanes), 269–70, 281, 293
Cold War, 349
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 181
Coolidge, Calvin, 364–65
Coriolanus (Shakespeare), 110–11, 329
Cornell University:
affirmative action at, 94
curriculum reform at, 320, 339–40, 352
faculty reaction at, 347–48, 351–52, 354, 355
six-year Ph.D. program at, 339–40
student demands at, 95, 316n, 318–19, 325, 354
student rebellion at, 313, 315–18, 354
Critique of Pure Reason (Kant), 300, 302
Crito, 283
Dahl, Robert, 32
Danton, Georges-Jacques, 286
Darwin, Charles, 367
Day After, The, 85
Death in Venice (Mann), 137, 230–32, 234
Declaration of Independence (1776), 54–56, 193, 248
Declaration of Independence, The (Becker), 55–56
de Gaulle, Charles, 77, 159, 187, 214
Democracy in America (Tocqueville), 115, 246
Derrida, Jacques, 379
Descartes, René:
doubt and, 42–43
ego viewed by, 177–78
French education and, 52
Gulliver’s Travels and, 294
reason and, 265
science espoused by, 286
Dickens, Charles, 63–64
Dietrich, Marlene, 151
Discourse on the Arts and Sciences (Rousseau), 258
Discourse on the Origins of Inequality (Rousseau), 366
Dumont, Margaret, 70
Easton, David, 327
Economic Interpretation of the Constitution, An (Beard), 56
Eichmann in Jerusalem (Arendt), 214
Eliot, T. S., 292
Emile (Rousseau), 66, 117, 167–68
Engels, Friedrich, 230
Epicureanism, 262
Eros and Civilization (Marcuse), 78
Escape from Freedom (Fromm), 146
Ethics (Aristotle), 125, 279–80, 373
Faust (Goethe), 302–3
Fear of Flying (Jong), 229
Fichte, Johann, 149
Field, Marshall, III, 155
Flaubert, Gustave, 134–35, 205
Foucault, Michel, 379
Founding Fathers:
democratic principles and, 28–29
minorities viewed by, 31–32
racism and, 335
religious freedom and, 28, 261
Fountainhead, The (Rand), 62
Franco, Francisco, 159
Freud, Sigmund:
American success of, 137, 155, 232–33
darker side of, 150
Marcuse on, 78
Marxism and, 223
nature/society distinction and, 170
Oedipus complex and, 156
intellectual difficulty of, 203–4
popularization of, 107, 134, 136–37
reality principle and, 81
science vs. unconscious in, 193, 199–200
social science and, 361n
university view of, 148, 345, 367
women viewed by, 100
George, Stefan, 222
Ghosts (Ibsen), 108
Gilbert, William, 295
Goebbels, Joseph, 348
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von:
scholarship viewed by, 302–4, 307
science and, 349
Goldmann, Lucien, 352
Goodman, Benny, 69
Gorgias (Plato), 263
Guevara, Che, 331
Gulliver’s Travels (Swift), 293–96
Hassner, Pierre, 155
Hegel, G. W. F.:
academic importance of, 314, 323, 368
Aristotle and, 253
Marcuse and, 226
modern scholarship ridiculed by, 309
rational God of, 204
Rousseau and, 181
Heidegger, Martin, 152, 323, 377
American reconstruction of, 226, 310
antiliberalism and, 149
bourgeois and, 159
translation viewed by, 54, 153
university youth viewed by, 315, 317
Hitler, Adolf:
as bourgeois, 159
charismatic leadership and, 213–14
German thinkers and, 148–49, 259, 311
moral authority and, 326
natural science and, 297–98
psychological appeal of, 146
Rhineland occupation by, 239
rock videos and, 74
social science view of, 154
student attitudes on, 67
Hobbes, Thomas:
Aristotle vs., 255
faction viewed by, 286
feeling viewed by, 174
idea of rights from, 165
indiscriminate freedom and, 28
influence of language of, 141–42
political order viewed by, 110, 111, 286
Rousseau vs., 167–70, 190, 299
state of nature viewed by, 162–63, 218
vainglory viewed by, 330
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 28
Homer:
heroes and, 188
modern education and, 374
Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 161
Hume, David, 300
Husserl, Edmund, 323
Ibsen, Henrik, 108
Iliad (Homer), 308
Isocrates, 274
Jackson, Michael, 76
Jagger, Mick 78-79
Jefferson, Thomas, 349
Johnson, Lyndon, 331
Johnson, Virginia, 99
Jong, Erica, 229
Journey to the End of the Night (Céline), 239
Joyce, James, 367
Kant, Immanuel:
culture viewed by, 185–87, 190–91, 305
Enlightenment viewed by, 299–300
French Revolution viewed by, 158
liberal democracy viewed by, 162
moral choice views of, 229, 325
natural science and, 349
rational principles and, 53
Kepler, Johannes, 371
Kerr, Clark, 316
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, 131
Kierkegaard, Søren, 368
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 333
Kojève, Alexandre, 222n
Kolakowski, Leszek, 224
Koyré, Alexandre, 344–45
Kramer vs. Kramer, 64
Kuhn, Thomas, 200
Lacan, Jacques, 193
Lawrence, D. H., 107
Lederberg, Joshua, 350–51
Lessing, Gotthold, 80
Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 40–41, 362
Locke, John:
apparent superficiality of, 293
capitalism and, 208
Enlightenment and, 163–64, 167
family relationships viewed by, 114–15
indiscriminate freedom and, 28
modern economics developed from, 361–62, 364
property defined by, 161
rationalism of, 73
Rousseau vs., 167–70, 172, 190, 292, 299
rulership viewed by, 110
self-preservation and, 175–76, 178
social science and, 358, 363–64, 366
state of nature viewed by, 162–63, 171, 232
Lonely Crowd, The (Riesman), 125, 144
Lukacs, Georg, 222
McCarthy, Mary, 152
Machiavelli, Niccolò:
classical scholarship and, 34–35, 285–86, 304
Enlightenment realism and, 259, 291
Italian mind and, 52
Marlowe on, 292
political effectiveness advocated by, 263, 293
soul viewed by, 173–74
travel and, 63
war and peace viewed by, 364
“Mack the Knife,” 151
Madame Bovary (Flaubert), 134–35, 205
Maimonides, Moses, 271
Mann, Thomas:
American influence of, 230–32
man’s desires viewed by, 137, 234
Plato viewed by, 236–37
Mansfield, Harvey, 287
Marcuse, Herbert:
American popularity of, 147
Marx and Freud combined by, 78, 223
Maritain, Jacques, 292
Marlborough, John Churchill, 1st Duke of, 256
Marlowe, Christopher, 292
Marsilius of Padua, 283
Marx, Groucho, 70
Marx, Karl:
atheism of, 195–96
dialectic of, 229
historical necessity of, 208–9, 313
Nietzsche vs., 143
Masters, William, 99
May, Elaine, 125
Mencken, H. L., 55
Merchant of Venice, The (Shakespeare), 69
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 222n 224
Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig, 152n
Mill, John Stuart, 29, 116, 161
Molière, 328
Montesquieu, Baron de:
French consciousness and, 160n
morality viewed by, 327–28
selfishness viewed by, 178
More, Sir Thomas, 325
Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 79, 211, 281
National Council of the Churches of Christ, 65
Newton, Sir Isaac, 264, 292, 295, 305, 345, 371
New York Times, The, 350
New York Times Magazine, The, 318
Nichols, Mike, 125
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 377
ancient gentlemen viewed by, 279
anthropology influenced by, 362
artists viewed by, 204–7
atheism of, 195–96
bourgeois viewed by, 157
classical scholarship and, 304, 305, 307, 309, 375
cultural decay and, 51
cultural relativism of, 202–4
egalitarianism attacked by, 201
extremism and, 214
fascism and, 149
id concept of, 200
modern study of, 345
newspapers and, 59
passions viewed by, 156
popularization of, 148, 151–52, 225–26, 379
radical historicism of, 153–54, 219
religiosity of, 197–99
social sciences influenced by, 148
Socratic rationalism attacked by, 267–68, 307–8, 310
value revolution of, 143, 146, 153–54, 228–29
war viewed by, 220–21
Weber on, 194–95
Nietzsche (Heidegger), 207
Night at the Opera, A, 70
Nixon, Richard M., 67, 329, 331
Odysseus, 40
One Dimensional Man (Marcuse), 78, 226
Ono, Yoko, 77
Parsons, Talcott, 151
Partisan Review, 224
Pascal, Blaise:
egalitarian denigration of, 251
revelation chosen by, 37, 227–28
social science and, 215
Pericles, 188
Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni, 180
Plato, 380
city vs. philosophy in, 274
democratic youth viewed by, 87–88, 329
equality and, 161
eroticism viewed by, 61, 236–38, 305
gods viewed by, 197
Heidegger and, 310
political philosophy of, 218, 262–63, 286
psychological interpretation of, 375
real vs. ideal in, 67, 130, 381
sexual equality and, 97, 100, 102–3
Socrates viewed by, 265, 268–69, 281–82
student discussions and, 83, 332–33
Poetics (Aristotle), 72–73, 280–81
Politics (Aristotle), 72–73, 112, 366
Pound, Ezra, 149
Preface to Democratic Theory, A (Dahl), 32
Pride and Prejudice (Austen), 375
Profession of Faith of the Savoyard Vicar (Rousseau), 196–97
Proust, Marcel, 367
Racine, Jean, 352
Rand, Ayn, 62
Ravel, Maurice, 73
Reagan, Ronald, 76, 120, 141, 142
Red and the Black, The (Stendhal), 64
Reflections on Violence (Sorel), 221
Reich, Charles, 322
Republic (Plato), 381
democratic youth described in, 61, 87–88, 275, 332–33
heroism in, 66
music discussed in, 70–71
psychological teaching of, 375
sexual equality in, 97, 100, 102–3
unity of power and wisdom described in, 266, 284
Riesman, David, 144, 146, 152, 155
Robespierre, Maximilien de, 190, 196, 328
Rogers, Will, 225
Roman Catholic Church, 264
Romantic dilemma, 40–41
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 30
Roosevelt, Theodore, 229
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 179
bourgeois viewed by, 185
civil religion advocated by, 196–97
classical knowledge of, 304–5
compassion and, 330
Enlightenment criticism of, 167–70, 181–83, 258, 267, 292, 298–300
French dualism and, 52
German influence of, 305
humanities and, 358–59
individual viewed by, 115–16, 117
modern social sciences developed from, 361–62, 366
music and, 73
property viewed by, 161
societal disintegration and, 118
statecraft vs. culture viewed by, 189–92
state of nature viewed by, 162–63, 167–70, 171, 172, 176–77, 178
Symposium viewed by, 133
Salinger, J. D., 63
Sartre, Jean-Paul:
language of, 211
Nietzschean influence on, 219, 222n
Schiller, Friedrich von, 41, 306, 308
Schmitt, Karl, 259
Scholastic Aptitude Test, 50
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 368
Science as a Vocation (Weber), 194
Shakespeare, William:
egalitarianism and, 65
modern education and, 374, 380
music viewed by, 69
natural scientists and, 350
rulership viewed by, 110–11, 329
sex roles in, 126
Shorey, Paul, 375
Sierra Club, 172
Skinner, B. F, 193
Smith, Adam, 73, 208, 259, 361
Social Contract, The (Rousseau), 189–90
Socrates:
ambition viewed by, 329
Aristophanes’ view of, 269–70, 273, 274–75
cave image and, 264–65
charges against, 275–76
Cicero vs. Nietzsche on, 154
defense by, 265–66, 267, 276–77
eroticism viewed by, 132–33
goal sought by, 163
heroism and, 66
modern philosophy vs., 264–68
music viewed by, 72
Nietzsche’s indictment of, 207–8, 307–8
philosopher-kings or, 266
philosophic task defined by, 277
Plato’s presentation of, 265, 268–69, 281–82
poetry viewed by, 280–81
power viewed by, 285
Rousseau and, 298
self-knowledge and, 43, 143, 174, 179, 279–80
sexual equality views of, 102–3
society viewed by, 292–93, 381
university and, 267, 268, 272, 332–33
value of, 312, 382 see also Plato
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 187
Sorel, Georges, 221
Soviet Union:
cultural criticism and, 225, 226
democratic openness and, 32–33
malaise of, 197
natural science in, 297
Reagan on, 141
social science teaching on, 354
Spinoza, Benedict, 276
Stranger, The (Camus), 88
Strauss, Leo, 167
Structure of Scientific Revolutions, The (Kuhn), 200
Swift, Jonathan:
classics viewed by, 373
Enlightenment questioned by, 293–98
natural science viewed by, 270, 358n
Symposium (Plato), 133, 169, 375, 381
Tartuffe (Molière), 328
Theory of Justice, A (Rawls), 30, 229
Thoreau, Henry David, 171, 279
Thrasymachus, 283
Threepenny Opera, The (Brecht and Weill), 151
Thus Spake Zarathustra (Nietzsche), 151, 194
Tocqueville, Alexis de:
American Indian and, 171
American religion viewed by, 196
art and, 74
democratic family described by, 115, 116
democratic man viewed by, 225
democratic mind viewed by, 149, 235, 252, 254, 255, 378
democratic tradition and, 58
Descartes/Pascal opposition and, 51–52
equality chosen by, 227–28, 248
freedom vs. equality in, 98
individualism viewed by, 84, 85–86
intergenerational relationships viewed by, 82
on Pascal, 251
Tonio Kröger (Mann), 231
Treatise on Civil Government (Locke), 366
Trotsky, Leon, 221
University of Chicago:
in fifties, 125
German influence at, 148–50, 156
Koyré at, 344
pseudo-Gothic buildings of, 243–44
Vietnam War, 364
Voltaire, 292
War and Peace (Tolstoy), 66
Washington, George, 29
Watson, Thomas, 167
Wealth of Nations, The (Smith), 259
Weber, Max:
atheistic religiosity of, 210–11
ethical distinctions of, 369
language of, 208, 209, 210–11, 212, 214
legitimate violence categories of, 212–13, 219, 225
Lukacs and, 222
Nietzsche viewed by, 194–95
pariah category of, 145
politics of, 213–14
Protestant ethic of, 208–9
value relativism of, 150–51, 337–38
Weill, Kurt, 151
Weimar Republic:
nostalgia for, 151–52
popular culture of, 151
Right vs. Left in, 154–55
Zelig, 144–46
Zilboorg, Gregory, 155