Index

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• ability see disposition
• acquaintance
• action
• Adorno, T.
• aesthetics
  • and ethics
• agreement/disagreement
• ambiguity/synonymy
• Ambrose, A.
• analysis see logical analysis
• analytic/synthetic; see also analytic under definition
• “and so on”
• Anscombe, G.E.M.
• anthropology; see also human being
• antirealism; see also realism/antirealism
• a priori see analytic/synthetic, philosophy
• Aquinas, T.
• arbitrariness of grammar/autonomy of language
• architecture
• argument
  • private language
  • skeptical; see also Kripke
  • substance
  • transcendental; see also transcendental/transcendentalism
• Aristotle
• arithmetic
• aspect
  • perception, continuous
  • blindness
  • dawning/‐lighting up
  • duck‐rabbit figure
  • perception/seeing
• assertability
  • condition
• assertion
• assumption
• atomism, logical see logical atomism
• Augustine
• Augustinian picture of language
• Austin, J.L.
• avowal (Äußerung/Ausdruck)
• axiom; see also set theory
  • of choice
  • of infinity
  • of reducibility
• Ayer, A.J.

• Bacon, F.
• Bedeutung (meaning/reference); see also Frege, reference, Sinn (sense/meaning)
• Beethoven, L. van
• beetle in the box
• Begriffsschrift; see also notation, Begriffsschrift under Frege
• behavior/behaviorism
  • pain
• belief
  • basic
  • forming of
  • justified true
  • propositional
  • religious; see also faith
• Berkeley, G.
• bipolarity; see also negation
• bivalence; see also bipolarity
• Black, M.
• Boltzmann, L.
• Bolzano, B.
• bounds of sense see language/sense/thought under limit
• Bouwsma, O.K.
• Bradley, F.H.
• Brahe, T. de
• Brahms, J. von
• brain
• Brentano, F.
• broom
• Brouwer, L.E.J.
• Burge, T.

• calculus; see also logical analysis
• Camus, A.
• Cantor, G.
• Carnap, R.
• Carroll, L.
• Cartesianism; see also inner/outer
• category; see also logical form
• catharsis
• causation/cause; see also explanation, induction
  • cause vs. reason/motive/ground
  • law/principle of
• Cavell, S.
• certainty; see also On Certainty under works of Ludwig Wittgenstein
• chess
• Christianity; see also faith; religion
  • Catholic
  • Protestant
• Church, A.; see also Church’s under theorem
• clarity/clarification
  • logical
  • philosophical
• Coffey, P.
• cognitive science see cognitive under science
• Collingwood, R.G.
• color
  • blindness
  • exclusion/incompatibility problem
  • octahedron/geometry
  • primary vs. secondary
  • sample
• common sense
• complex see simple/complex under object, Russell’s theory under judgment
• compositionalism
• computer
• concept passim
  • color; see also color
  • family resemblance; see also family resemblance
  • formal; see also propositional under variable
  • formation/conceptual change
  • “horse” see concept “horse” under paradox
  • psychological; see also psychology, philosophical
• conjecture
  • Epsilon
  • Goldbach’s
  • mathematical
  • Taniyama‐Shimura
• consciousness
• consistency/inconsistency; see also contradiction
• constant see logical constant
• constructivism
• contextualism
• contradiction
• convention/conventionalism; see also arbitrariness of grammar/autonomy of language
• Cooper, T.
• correctness
  • constitution of
  • criteria of
  • phenomenology of
  • standard of
• criteria
  • applicability
  • of identity see criteria under identity
  • of correctness see criteria under correctness
  • outer/public; see also inner/outer
• culture; see also aesthetics

• Dallago, C.
• Darwin, C.
• Davidson, D.
• De Quincey, T.
• decidability
• decision; see also intentionality
  • procedure
• deconstruction
• deed (Tat)
• definition
  • analytic
  • ostensive
  • private
  • piecemeal
  • verbal
• deflationism
• depiction see representation
• Derrida, J.
• Descartes, R.
• description
  • bundle of
  • complete
  • definite
• designation see name, naming
• desire see intentionality
• determinacy of sense
• Dewey, J.
• dialogue
  • Socratic/Platonic
  • with Frege
• disposition
• dog
• dogmatism
• Dostoevsky, F.
• doubt
• dream/dreaming
• Drury, M.O’C.
• Duhem, P.
• Dummett, M.

• Einstein. A.
• Eliot, T.S.
• elucidation
• emotivism
• empiricism
  • logical
• Engelmann, P.
• enlightenment
• entailment; see also inference
  • natural
• epistemology see certainty, induction, skepticism
• equation
• essentialism
• ethics; see also and ethics under aesthetics, value
• Evans, G.
• exclusion, logical; see also exclusion/incompatibility problem under color
• existence
  • five minutes ago
  • God’s
• existentialism
• expectation see intentionality
• explanation passim; see also elucidation, justification, ostensive under definition
  • aesthetic
  • causal
  • must come to an end
  • of meaning
  • super
• externalism

• fact see also state of affairs
  • atomic
  • superlative
  • very general facts of nature
• faith; see also Christianity
• falsehood
• family resemblance
• Feagin, S.
• fear
• Feigl, H.
• Fermat, P. de; see also Fermat’s under theorem
• Feyerabend, P.
• Ficker, L. von
• fideism
• finitism, strict
• first person authority see first/third person asymmetry
• first/third person asymmetry
• fly‐bottle
• form of life
• form of representation (Form der Darstellung)
• formalism; see also nominalism
• Foucault, M.
• France, A.
• Frazer, J.G.
• Frege, G.
  • Begriffsschrift
  • Grundgesetze der Arithmetik
• Freud, S.; see also psychoanalysis
• Frey, G.
• function
  • descriptive
  • propositional
  • truth‐ see function under truth

• game see calculus; language‐game
• Geach, P.
• Gellner, E.
• genealogical tree (Stammbaum)
• general propositional form (allgemeine Sattform)
• generality
  • craving for
• genuine duration
• geometry
• Gestalt see gestalt under psychology
• God; see also religion
• Gödel, K.
• Goethe, J.W. von
• Goldbach, C.
• Gorgias
• grammar
  • depth vs. surface
  • logical
  • philosophical
• Grice, H.P.
• ground see cause vs. reason/motive/ground under causation/cause

• Hahn, H.
• Hanson, R.
• Hardy, G.H.
• harmony between language and reality
• Hegel, G.W.F.
• Heidegger, M.
• Heretics Society
• hermeneuticism
• hermeneutics
• Hertz, H.R.
• Hilbert, D.
• Hintikka, J.
• Hitler, A.
• Hobbes, T.
• holism; see also contextualism
• Horkheimer, M.
• Horwich, P.
• human being
• Hume, D.
• Husserl, E.
• hypothesis
  • causal
  • continuum

• I/ego/self
• idea see mental image/picture, mental phenomenon, representation
• idealism
  • epistemological
  • transcendental
• identity
  • criteria of
  • numerical vs. qualitative
  • of Indiscernibles
  • sign of
• illusion
• imagery
• imagination
• indexical
• induction
  • law of
  • mathematical
• ineffable
• inference
  • deductive
  • logical
• inner/outer; see also avowal, psychology, philosophical, privacy
• instinct
• instruction
• intentionality; see also harmony between language and reality, isomorphism
• interlocutor; see also voice
  • vs. narrator
• intermediate link
• internal property see internal under relation
• introspection
• intuition
• intuitionism; see also intuition
• irrationalism see rationality/rationalism
• isomorphism

• James, W.
• Johnson, S.
• Jourdain, P.
• judgment
  • aesthetic
  • agreement in
  • ethical/moral
  • Last Judgment
  • maxim of (Kant)
  • Russell’s theory of
• justification; see also explanation
  • must come to an end see must come to an end under explanation

• Kant, I.
• Kenny, A.
• Kepler, J.
• Keynes, J.M.
• Kierkegaard, S.
• kinaesthesis
• Kirchhoff, G.
• Klimt, G.
• Klopstock, F.G.
• Köhler, W.
• Kokoschka, O.
• Kraus, K.
• Kripke, S.
• Kuhn, T.S.

• Labor, J.
• ladder
• language
  • critique of
  • essence of
  • ideal; see also Begriffsschrift
  • natural/ordinary; see also ordinary language philosophy
  • of thought
  • primary vs. secondary; see also phenomenology
  • primitive
  • sign
• language‐game
  • fictional
• law and passim
  • natural
  • of causation see law/principle under causation/cause
  • of excluded middle
  • of induction see law under induction
  • of logic
  • of thought
• learning see teaching
• Leibniz, G.W.
• Lenau, N.
• length; see also length under sample, standard meter
• Lewis, C.I.
• Lichtenberg, G.C.
• limit
  • of experience/knowledge
  • of language/sense/thought; see also nonsense
  • of the subject
  • of the world
• linguistics
• lion
• Locke, J.
• logic and passim
  • formal
  • Fregean
  • predicate
  • propositional
  • transcendental
• logical analysis
• logical atomism
• logical constant
• logical form
  • of facts/propositions
  • of language/reality/the world
  • of names/objects
• logical grammar see logical under grammar
• logical inference see logical under inference
• logical necessity see logical under necessity
• logical positivism
• logical relation see logical under relation
• logical space
• logical syntax
• logicism
• Loos, A.
• lying/lie

• Mach, E.
• magic
• Mahler, G.
• Malcolm, N.
• Marx, K.
• mathematics; see also arithmetic, geometry, set theory
  • and logic
  • applied
  • pure
• Maxwell, J.C.
• meaning of life (Sinn des Lebens)
• meaning see Augustinian picture of language, Bedeutung (meaning/reference), Sinn (sense/meaning)
  • is use
• meaningless; see also nonsense, senseless
• measure/measuring; see also standard meter
• mechanism
  • mental
• Meinong, A.
• memory
• Mendelssohn, F.
• Menger, K.
• mental image/picture
• mental phenomenon (act/event/process/state)
• mentalism; see also Cartesianism, psychologism
• Merleau‐Ponty, M.
• metalogic
• metaphilosophy
• metaphor
• metaphysics
  • of symbolism
• meter stick see standard meter
• method
  • of projection; see also pictorial/picturing under relation
  • of verification; see also verification/verificationism, verification/verifiability under principle
  • philosophical
  • scientific
  • myth of mere method
• Mill, J.S.
• mind and machine see human being
• mind vs. body; see also I/ego/self, inner/outer
• minima sensibilia of the Tractatus
• minimalism
• model; see also paradigm
  • or picture; see also picture
  • replacement
• Moore, G.E.; see also Moore’s under paradox
• Morell, O.
• motive see cause vs. reason/motive/ground under causation/cause
• Mozart, W.A.
• mystical/mysticism
• mythology

• name
  • color
  • combination/concatenation of
  • proper
  • simple
• naming; see also name
• natural history
• naturalism
• necessity; see also necessary under proposition
  • logical
• Necker cube
• negation; see also bipolarity
  • double
  • joint
• Neider, H.
• Nestroy, J.N.
• Neurath, O.
• Newton, I.
• Nietzsche, F.
• nominalism
• nonsense; see also meaningless, resolute reading
  • mere/plain/sheer/austere conception of
  • substantial/illuminating
• N‐operator
• norm of description/representation
• normativity
  • linguistic
  • of meaning
• notation
  • logical
• number
  • cardinal
  • natural
  • prime

• object (Gegenstand)
  • inner
  • logical
  • material
  • of comparison
  • private
  • simple/complex
• Ogden, C.K.
• open texture
• operation
• ordinary language philosophy
• Ostwald, W.
• other minds
• overview see perspicuous/surveyable (re)presentation/overview (übersichtliche Darstellung)

• paradigm; see also sample
• paradox
  • liar’s
  • Moore’s
  • of aspect perception
  • of inference
  • of the concept “horse”
  • of the Tractatus
  • of Tragedy
  • rule‐following
  • Russell’s
  • skeptical
  • Sorites
• Pascal, B.
• Pasternak, B.
• patterns in the tapestry of life (Lebensteppich)
• Peirce, C.S.
• Penrose, R.
• personal identity see criteria of under identity
• perspicuous/surveyable (re)presentation/overview (übersichtliche Darstellung); see also surveyability
• phenomenalism; see also sense‐data
• phenomenology
• philosophy
  • analytic
  • as critical activity
  • continental
  • elenctic rather than deductive
  • leaves everything as it is
  • of mathematics
  • of mind
  • of religion
  • of science
  • political see politics/political philosophy
  • problems of
  • systematic
• physics
• pictorial form (Form der Abbildung)
• picture see also picture theory, pictorial/picturing under relation, mental image/picture
  • logical
• picture theory
• Pinsent, D.
• Plato
• Platonism; see also Plato
• pleasure
• Poincaré, H.
• politics/political philosophy
• Popper, K.
• possibility
  • combinatorial
  • inference‐ see possibility under inference
  • possible world see possible under world
  • truth see possibility under truth
• practice
  • linguistic
  • mathematical
  • primitive
• pragmatics
• pragmatism
  • pragmatic maxim
• predicate
  • psychological
  • truth
• prescriptivism
• principle see also axiom, law
  • closure
  • context
  • of excluded middle see excluded middle under law
  • of indiscernibility of identicals
  • verification/verifiability
  • vicious circle
• Prior, A.
• privacy
  • epistemic
• private language argument see private language under argument
• probability
• proof
  • mathematical
  • of God’s existence
  • Sheffer’s
• property, internal/external see internal/external under relation
• proposition (Satz) passim
  • complex/molecular
  • elementary/atomic; see also logical atomism
  • genuine
  • grammatical
  • hinge
  • mathematical
  • necessary
  • pseudo; see also nonsense
• propositional function see propositional under function
• propositional sign (Satzzeichen)
• propositional variable see propositional under variable
• pseudo‐proposition see pseudo under proposition
• psychoanalysis; see also Freud
• psychologism
• psychology, philosophical; see also Remarks on the Philosophy of Psychology under works of Ludwig Wittgenstein
  • gestalt
• Putnam, H.
• Pyrrhonism; see also skepticism
• Pythagoras

• quantifying
• quietism
• Quine, W.V.

• Ramsey, F.P.
• rationality/rationalism
• realism/antirealism
  • empirical
  • pure
  • vs. idealism
• reason see cause vs. reason/motive/ground under causation/cause
• recognition see memory
• reference; see also Bedeutung
  • co‐reference
  • system of (Bezugssystem)
• regularity
• Reichenbach, H.
• Reik, T.
• relation
  • internal/external
  • logical
  • pictorial/picturing
  • theory of judgment in Russell
• relativism
• religion; see also God
• reminders
• representation (Vorsteltung); see also projection under method, perspicuous/surveyable (re)presentation/overview
  • internal
  • linguistic/symbolic
  • mode of
  • nature of
  • norm of
  • norm of see norm of description/representation
  • theory of see representation under theory
• resolute reading see also nonsense
  • Jacobin vs. Girondin
  • strong vs. weak
• Respinger, M.
• Rhees, R.
• Ribet, K.
• Richards, I.A.
• Rilke, R.M.
• ritual
• river‐bed
• Robinson, A.
• Robinson, A.
• Rorty, R.
• Rosh, E.
• Ross, W.D.
• rule see also grammar; logical syntax
  • application of
  • following
  • grammatical
  • grasping in a flash
  • of inference see logical under inference
  • of language
  • skepticism see rule‐following under skepticism
• ruler see measure/measuring, standard meter
• rule‐skepticism see rule‐following under skepticism
• Russell, B.
  • paradox see Russell’s under paradox
  • Principia Mathematica
• Ryle, G.

• sample; see also paradigm
  • color
  • length; see also standard meter
• Sartre, J.P.
• saying/showing
• scaffolding
• Schiele, E.
• Schiller, F.C.S.
• Schlick, M.
• Schopenhauer, A.
• Schubert, F.
• science
  • cognitive
  • natural; see also naturalism
  • ontic
• Searle, J.
• seeing passim
  • aspect‐ see perception/seeing under aspect
  • concept of
  • connections
• self‐consciousness see consciousness
• Sellars, W.
• semantics
• sensation; see also kinaesthesis
  • private; see also private under object, private language under argument
• sense see Sinn (sense/meaning)
  • indeterminacy of
• sense/meaning distinction see Sinn (sense/meaning), Bedeutung (meaning/reference)
• sense‐data
• senseless (sinnlos); see also meaningless, nonsense
• sentence see proposition, propositional sign
• series, arithmetical/numerical
• set theory
• Shakespeare, W.
  • King Lear
  • Macbeth
• Sheffer, H.
• Shimura, G.
• sign
  • and symbol
  • identity sign see sign under identity
  • language see sign under language
  • primitive/nonprimitive
  • propositional see propositional sign
  • simple; see also simple under name
• Sigwart, C.
• simple see simple/complex under object
• Sinn (sense/meaning); see also Bedeutung (meaning/reference), Frege
• situation (Sachlage); see also state of affairs
• skepticism
  • radical/universal
  • rule‐following; see also other minds
• Skinner, F.
• Socrates
• solipsism; see also I/ego/self
  • transcendental
• sortal
• soul; see also I/self, solipsism
• speech act
• Spengler, O.
• Spinoza, B.
• Sraffa, P.
• standard meter; see also measure/measuring
• standard of correctness
• state of affairs (Sachverhalt); see also fact, situation
• Stonborough Wittgenstein, M.
• Strawson, P.F.
• style
• substance argument see substance under argument
• suicide
• superstition
• surveyability; see also perspicuous/surveyable (re)presentation/overview
• symbol
• symptom
• syntacticism
• syntax see logical syntax
• synthetic a priori; see also analytic/synthetic

• Taniyama, Y.
• Tarski, A.
• tautology; see also logic
• teaching/learning
• theorem
  • Church’s
  • Fermat’s last
  • Gödel’s
  • Pythagoras’s
  • Tarski’s
• theory
  • picture see picture theory
  • of descriptions
  • of symbolism
  • set see set theory
  • of types
  • of meaning
• therapy; see also resolute reading, psychoanalysis
• third Wittgenstein
• Thurber, J.
• Tolstoy, L.N.
• toothache; see also pain under behavior
• Toulmin, S.
• training (Abrichten)
• Trakl, G.
• transcendental/transcendentalism; see also transcendental under idealism, transcendental under argument
• truth and passim; see also falsehood
  • condition
  • function; see also analytic/synthetic, logical under inference
  • possibility
  • table; see also notation
  • value

• Uhland, L.
• unconscious/unconsciousness
• understanding
  • first‐order vs. second‐order
  • in a flash
  • pre‐theoretical
  • transitive vs. intransitive
• undogmatic procedure

• vagueness
• value; see also ethics
  • aesthetic
  • truth‐ see value under truth
• variable
  • propositional
• verification/verificationism
• Victoria, Queen
• Vienna Circle
• visual field
• voice; see also interlocutor
• von Wright, G.H.

• Waismann, F.
• Walter, B.
• Weininger, O.
• Weyl, H.
• Whitehead, A.N.
• Wiles, A.
• will/willing; see also intentionality, Schopenhauer
• Winch, P.
• Wisdom, J.
• Wittgenstein, H(ermine)
• Wittgenstein, K(arl)
• Wittgenstein, L(eopoldine)
• Wittgenstein’s self‐critique of the Tractatus
• works of Ludwig Wittgenstein
  • Big Typescript
  • Blue and Brown Books
  • Culture and Value
  • Nachlass, Wittgenstein’s
  • On Certainty
  • Philosophical Grammar
  • Philosophical Investigations and passim
  • Philosophical Remarks
  • Remarks on Colour
  • Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics
  • Remarks on the Philosophy of Psychology
  • Tractatus Logico‐Philosophicus; see also Wittgenstein’s self‐critique of the Tractatus
  • Zettel
• world
  • external
  • language and
  • my/microcosm; see also I/ego/self, solipsism
  • possible
• world‐picture (Weltbild)/world‐view (Weltanschauung); see also hinge‐ under proposition, Spengler

• Zen