ENDNOTES
1. Walter Noble Burns, The Saga Of Billy The Kid, ch. 17: A Little Game Of Monte.
2. Burns.
3. Burns.
4. Burns.
5. Burns.
6. Burns.
7. Burns.
8. W.J. “Sorghum” Smith of Two Guns, Arizona, as collected by Geraldine Frances Prescott, 1938, for the Federal Writers Outreach Program. As the Foreman at Fort Grant in 1876, Smith gave young Henry Antrim his first job as a teamster driving a mule wagon hauling logs. This is the earliest known reference to Henry William Antrim as “kid.” Henry Antrim had not yet taken to calling himself William or Billy.
9. Deathbed statement by Frank P. Cahill recorded by the Arizona Weekly Star, August 23, 1877.
10. James W. Boorman, Real Cowboys Love Horses, Dogs and Women (In That Order): A Dictionary of Cowboy Myths, Sayings, and Tall Tales. Part II: Sayings.
11. Patrick F. Garrett, The Authentic Life of Billy, the Kid, The Noted Desperado of the Southwest, ch. 22: Liberty over Mangled Corpses. Believed to have been ghost written by Marshall Ashmun Upson or “Ash,” an itinerant journalist, drunk, and clerk for Garrett sheriff’s office, The Authentic Life was advertised as “a faithful and interesting narrative By Pat F. Garrett sheriff of Lincoln Co., N.M., by whom he was finally hunted down & captured by killing him.” Historians give the book the dubious distinction of being responsible not only for saving Billy the Kid from becoming just a footnote in history, but for most of the false information concerning the “Boy Bandit” repeated in countless dime novels, movies, and even historical texts.
12. Anthony B. Conner of Silver City, New Mexico (collected by Geraldine F. Prescott, 1937, Federal Works Outreach Project).
This is an updated revision of the original tape recently uncovered in the basement archives of the Library of Congress. The pauses, interruptions, and natural language of the original interview have been restored to give a more genuine picture of the famed outlaw. Unfortunately, other FWOP tapes could not be retrieved at this time and subsequent references to the tapes will be presented as transcribed. In future editions of this novel we hope to present the originals.
13. FWOP.
14. FWOP.
15. FWOP.
16. FWOP.
17. Previous seven headlines, circa 1990’s, taken from various New York City newspapers, none worthy of note.
18. Steven and David Buchanan, “Billy the Kid: The Early Years,” The Historical West.
19. Buchanan.
20. Buchanan.
21. Buchanan.
22. Buchanan.
23. Buchanan.
24. Barbara “Ma’am” Jones of Carlsbad, New Mexico as collected by Evan K. Marshal, FWOP, 1938.
25. FWOP.
26. FWOP.
27. Boorman, Real Cowboys.
28. FWOP.
29. Bob Dylan, Billy, from the soundtrack album for the movie Pat Garrett and Billy The Kid. Although it is well documented that Billy rarely, if ever, drank, Kris Kristofferson, a rather ragged and old version of the Kid, choose to enliven his portrayal of the boy bandit with heavy doses of liquor and slurred speech.
30. Bob Dylan.
31. Bob Dylan.
32. Marshall R. Nutley, “Billy the Kid, Fact or Fiction?,” The Western Revisionist.
33. Billy Dean, Billy the Kid, Liberty Records. This instant classic is accompanied by a fine video as well.
34. Nutley.
35. Billy Dean.
36. Billy Dean.
37. Donald Clint, The Lincoln County War: A Narrative, ch. 5: The Youngest Volunteer.
38. Clint.
39. Clint.
40. Clint.
41. Clint.
42. Winfred Wilson Smith, Range War: The Settling of Lincoln County, ch. 2: A Challenge to Chisum.
43. Smith, ch. 3: Enter the Englishman.
44. Frank B. Coe, “A Friend Comes to the Defense of Notorious Billy the Kid,” El Paso Times. Frank and his cousin George were members of the original Regulators formed to seek vengeance upon “The House” for its crimes against the local citizenry. They pursued farming and ranching interests after Governor Wallace granted amnesty to all those who would lay down their arms.
45. Thomas Milton Seagraves, “Billy the Kid and the Myth of History,” The American Mind.
46. Seagraves.
47. Seagraves.
48. Seagraves.
49. Billy the Kid Wanted Dead Or Alive, Empire Pictures, 1939.
50. Seagraves.
51. Billy the Kid Wanted …
52. Miguel Antonio Otero, The Real Billy the Kid with New Light on the Lincoln County War, ch. 2 bibliography. The former New Mexico Governor (and grandson of Pete Maxwell’s ranch foreman at Fort Sumner, Vincente Otero, who knew Billy well) wrote this book as a reaction to the inconsistencies in Walter Noble Burn’s version of events and his research, much of it first hand, did uncover previously unknown details about the Kid’s life. He conducted a wealth of useful interviews with old timers that, while of questionable accuracy, provide a real flavor of the times. Although the ex-governor performed a public service in this matter, it is widely recognized today that in spite of his improved version of events, his book still repeated much of the false information and myths concerning the Kid that were already in circulation at the time.
53. Otero.
54. Otero.
55. Andre Vignette, The Tragic Short Life of Billy the Kid, ch. 9 An Orphan Again.
56. Vignette.
57. Vignette.
58. Vignette.
59. Vignette.
60. Vignette.
61. Covington William Dear, “The Lincoln County War: It’s Role in Settling the West (Part One),” The Western Revisionist.
62. Marshall Ashmun Upson, The Tragedy of Billy The Kid, Act II. This recently discovered original manuscript of Upson’s play was performed at the Abbott Theater in Santa Fe, New Mexico on July 14, 1906, the 25th anniversary of the death of Billy the Kid. Hoping to cash in on the legend he started when he ghost-wrote Garrett’s The Authentic life, Upson may have also been trying to correct his previous myth-making by attempting to be more faithful to the actually facts as he knew them now that most of the key players were safely dead and buried. He failed on both accounts. The play closed after one performance. A heavy drinker, he died a pauper of consumption a few months later.
63. Upson.
64. Upson.
65. Upson.
66. Upson.
67. Upson.
68. Upson.
69. Martin Chavez (distant relative of Jose Chavez y Chávez) based on the transcripts from a 1926 interview conducted in Sante Fe, New Mexico, by Miguel Antonio Otero for The Real Billy The Kid.
70. Chávez via Otero.
71. Add Casey, Roswell, New Mexico, 1938 (EKM/FWOP).
72. FWOP.
73. WKZY, “Morning News Update,” Radio Broadcast, New York, 14, July 1965.
74. WKZY.
75. WKZY.
76. Dean, “The Lincoln County War (Part Two).”
77. Vignette, The Tragic Last Days, ch. 13: The Flames of Hell.
78. Dean.
79. Vignette.
80. Dean.
81. Vignette.
82. Dean.
83. Vignette.
84. Dean.
85. Vignette.
86. Vignette.
87. Vignette.
88. Vignette.
89. The Holy Bible: King James Version, LEVITICUS 16:2.
90. Smith, ch. 11: Exit the Major.
91. LEVITICUS 16:5.
92. Burns, Saga, ch. 14: A Belle of Old Fort Sumner.
93. Clint, ch. 18: War’s Aftermath.
94. Clint.
95. Clint.
96. LEVITICUS 16:7.
97. Clint.
98. Smith, ch. 12: The Ring Regroups.
99. LEVITICUS 16:8.
100. Governor Lewis Wallace in a letter to Colonel Edward Hatch March 7, 1879, Lew Wallace Papers, Indiana Historical society. Can be also located in Maurice Garland Fulton’s, History Of The Lincoln County War, page 337.
101. Smith.
102. Clint.
103. LEVITICUS 16:9.
104. Las Vegas Gazette, December 3, 1880. This is the first known printed reference to “Billy the Kid,” who had previously been referred to as Billy Bonney or simply “the Kid.”
105. Bonney to Wallace, letter, Fort Sumner, December 12, 1880 (Indiana Historical Society).
106. Las Vegas Gazette, December 13, 1880.
107. Seagraves.
108. Burns.
109. LEVITICUS 16:15.
110. The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance, Paramount, 1962.
111. Billy the Kid vs. Frankenstein, Prince Productions, 1966.
112. Kid vs. Frankenstein.
113. Kid vs. Frankenstein.
114. Kid vs. Frankenstein.
115. Kid vs. Frankenstein.
116. Patrick Kennedy of Lincoln, New Mexico, “Letter to the Editor,” Billy The Kid Monthly.
117. Kennedy.
118. Frederick Jackson Turner, The Significance of the Frontier in American History, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1962, ch. 1: Address at the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Because, for the first time in history, Turner stressed the full historical impact of western expansion and how the frontier experience affected American development, this famous essay is considered by many historians to be the most influential of its generation. Turner’s analysis of the American mind is still widely held today by both Americans as well as the world at large.
119. Miguel Atanacio Martinez, Captura Del Chivato Nefario (The Capture of the Nefarious Billy the Kid), Sablow & Sons Music Publishing, translated by Jacob R. Sablow, 1936. Sablow, a Russian Immigrant, makes a sincere attempt to remain 100% true to the spirit and beauty of the original Mexican Spanish, but some minor liberties were taken in order to maintain a remotely similar rhyme scheme. Unfortunately, this haunting ballad was never recorded, but for interested guitarists the chords are simple.
Andante espressivo
Time: 8/8
Strum: 123-123-12 (down/down/up)
Chords:
A-A-E-E
E-E-A-A
A-A-E-E
E-E-A-A
D-D-A-A
D-D-A-A
A-A-E-E
E-E-A-A
120. Martínez.
121. Martínez.
122. Martínez.
123. Martínez.
124. Martínez.
125. Martínez.
126. Martínez.
127. James H. East, in an interview with J. Evetts Haley, September 27, 1927 Douglas, Arizona (on file: Haley Historical Center, Midland, Texas). East was one of the ‘Texas cowboys’ Pat Garrett recruited to assist in the capture of the outlaws. He covinced them to join up by fabricating a story that the Kid was in the possession of cattle missing from several outfits of the Three Rivers region which was mostly settled by Texans. After realizing Garrett’s ruse, the Texans stayed on to ensure that “the job was done square.”
128. East.
129. East.
130. East.
131. East.
132. Las Vegas Gazette, December 28, 1980.
133. LEVITICUS 16:10.
134. Gazette.
135. Gazette.
136. Gazette.
137. Gazette.
138. Gazette.
139. Las Vegas Gazette.
140. LEVITICUS 16:11.
141. Dr. Henry F. Hoyt, Wild West Doctor, Chapter 7: West of the Pecos, Again.
142. Las Cruces Semi-Weekly, April 18, 1981.
143. Hoyt.
144. LEVITICUS 16:26.
145. Sallie Chisum, Diary, Chavez County Historical Society.
146. LEVITICUS 16:27.
147. LEVITICUS 16:28.
148. J. Frank Dobie, “Billy the Kid,” Southwest Review, Spring, 1929.
149. Boorman, Real Cowboys, Part III: Tall Tales, “Libertad Para José Chávez y Chávez.”
150. Boorman.
151. Boorman.
152. Letter to Wilfred (Willie) Preston Smith from Frank B. Coe, friend and former Regulator, May 6, 1926. Coe was responding to a letter by Smith who had been introduced to the Kid in El Paso and wanted to learn more, first hand, about the man he met shortly so many years ago, but had left a lasting impression.
153. Garrett, The Authentic Life, ch. 5: Slaughtering Indians with an Ax.
154. Boorman, Real Cowboys, Part II: Sayings, “Horses” (special heading).
155. “Mustang,” Cooper’s New Collegiate Dictionary 1994 Edition, Timothy Cooper, ed.
156. Aviva Belsky, The Most Wonderful World of Horses, ch. 8: Wild Horses.
157. Belsky.
158. “Pinto,” Cooper’s.
159. Boorman.
160. Coe, “A Friend Comes to the Defense of Billy The Kid.”
161. Guadalupe Baca De Gallegos, Las Vegas, New Mexico, (EKM/FWOP).
162. Mesilla Territorial Court, April 13, 1881, 5:15 P.M. at the trial for the murder of William Brady, Sheriff of Lincoln County. It is worthy of note that the court had to appoint a lawyer to defend the alleged leader of an army of outlaws, because Billy had no money to hire one for himself. The lawyer hired to defend Billy, Colonel Albert Jennings Fountain, was a friend of both Judge Bristol and Sheriff Brady, the murdered man. Along with S.B. Newcomb, the prosecuting attorney; Thomas B. Catron, Head of the Sante Fe Ring; and James J. Dolan, the Ring’s operative in Lincoln County; all six were members of the same Masonic lodge. Of all the murders and outrages committed during the Lincoln County War (50 men had been indicted), Billy was the only individual not given amnesty.
163. Burns, Saga, ch. 17.
164. Burns.
165. Waldo Thomas Flayderman, Billy The Kid’s Last Ride, Western Adventures Library.
166. Flayderman.