Index
Abbot of Abingdon, 36, 50, 66–7
Aquinas. See Thomas Aquinas, Saint
“Adam Davy’s Dreams,” 40
Adam of Usk, 5, 71–2, 85, 97, 147n4
Aeneas, 24, 110–13, 117, 119–20, 125–7
Ahab (Old Testament king), 98–100
Amalec (Old Testament king), 44–5
anagrams, 61
Anne of Bohemia, 12
Anonimalle chronicle, 43
anxiety of influence, 107
Apollo, 115
Arion, 94
Antichrist, the, 36, 50, 81, 118–19, 123, 127–8
apocalypse: beasts of, 123, 127–8; Last Judgment, 38, 49–50, 55, 58, 118, 122–7; national, 27, 60, 80–1; preparation for, 7, 55–8, 68, 93–5, 105; Second Coming, 15, 27, 46, 49–50; theological interpretations of 37–42
Armes Prydein (Myrddin), 23
Arthur (king of England), 9, 23, 25–9
Arundel, Thomas (archbishop of Canterbury), 71, 80, 96, 99, 102
auctor/auctoritas, 33, 112, 122–8
audience of posterity, 116
Augustine, Saint, 6, 14, 37, 117, 120
Bathsheba, 46
Becket, St. Thomas, 31, 40, 85, 140
Boccaccio, 129
Bridlington (town), 29–31
Brut. See Roman de Brut
Calchas, 129
Callimachus, 106–7
Carolingian rulers, 40
Carthusian monks, 60
Cassandra, 129
Catullus, 108
“Catulus lincieus” (prophecy), 31, 42
Caxton, William, 106, 130–5, 140
Charles V (king of France), 6–7, 16
Charles VI (king of France), 6–7, 16, 17–8, 31
Charles VII (king of France), 19–22
Chaucer, Geoffrey: biography, 12, 104, 116; narrative persona, 4, 32–4, 104–5, 109–31, 141, 145; retrospective reputation, 101–2, 105–6, 114–6, 131–42
Chaucer, Geoffrey, works of: Anelida and Arcite, 132–4; apocryphal works, 105–6, 131–41; The Book of the Duchess, 109; The Canterbury Tales, 113, 120, 129, 131, 137, 139–40; “Complaint of Chaucer…,” 132–4; The House of Fame, 32, 104–6, 110–31, 145; The Legend of Good Women, 11, 126; Parliament of Fowls, 109; Troilus and Criseyde, 113, 126, 129, 131, 145
“Chaucer’s Prophecy,” 8, 106, 131–42
Childeric (king of the Franks), 40
Christine de Pizan: narrative persona, 6–7, 12, 16, 18–22, 31; Le Chemin de long estude, 18; La Cité des dames, 18; Le Ditié de Jehanne d’Arc, 19–22; Le Duc des vrais amans, 18
Cicero (Somnium Scipionis), 107, 109
Clement of Alexandra, 14
collections of prophecies, 58, 68, 133, 136
Crécy, Battle of, 39
Cromwell, Thomas, 66
Daniel (Old Testament prophet): influence on Galfridian prophecies, 22; influence on Sibyllic prophecies, 14–15; Nebuchadnezzar’s dream, 14–15, 81, 94–5, 100; proxy for the Gawain-poet, 9, 105; proxy for Gower, 8, 33, 80–1, 90, 93–5, 105
Dante Alighieri: narrative persona, 8, 106, 128–30; Commedia, 33, 106, 109, 110, 114–19, 125
David (Old Testament prophet and king), 33, 37, 38–40, 44–50, 100, 105
Dawe þe Dykere, 56–9
Deschamps, Eustache, 6–7, 12, 16–17, 19, 22, 25, 31
Despenser family, 28, 31, 41–2, 47
Dido, 110–13, 119–20, 125–6, 128–9
Doomsday. See under apocalypse
dream visions, 7, 8, 32–4, 104, 106–10, 128–9, 131
Dudley’s conspiracy, 58
eagle in The House of Fame, 32, 110, 117–22, 128–9
Edward I (king of England), 27
Edward II (king of England): deposition, 27–8, 82, 97–8; prophecies about, 27–8, 30, 40, 47; reign, 7
Edward III (king of England): patronage of Gower, 94; in Piers Plowman 38–47, 67; prophecies about, 27–8, 29–30; reign, 7, 82
Edward VI (king of England), 58–9
Edward, the Black Prince, 30
Edward the Confessor, 85
ekphrasis, 109–11
Eleanor of Aquitaine, 24
English Reformation. See Protestant Reformation
Ennius, 107–8
Enoch and Eli (Old Testament prophets), 8, 33, 105, 116–19, 127–9
Erceldoune, Thomas of, 56, 58, 132
Estoire des Engleis (Geffrei Gaiman), 28
Eulogium Historiarum chronicle, 40, 50–1
Eusebius, 6
explanatio somnii, 15
“Eyght goodly questions…,” 135
Ezekiel, book of, 45
false prophets, 99
Fame, Lady, 112–13, 120, 123–8
Famine, 55–60
flyleaf prophecies, 133–4, 137, 139
Fourth Lateran Counsel, 36
Frederick I (Holy Roman Emperor), 16
friars, 52–3, 137–8, 145, 153n67
fürstenspiegel, 95–100
Gaiman, Geffrei, 28
Gallus, 108
Geoffrey of Monmouth: citation of, 124; Historia regum Brianniae, 5, 17, 22–4, 27–30, 85; political affiliations, 23; Prophtiae Merlinii, 5, 22–3, 27
Giles of Rome (De regimine principum), 96
Glossa Ordinaria, 46
Godfrey of Viterbo, 16
Gower, John: narrative persona 33, 81–6, 90, 93–5; retrospective reputation 3–4, 34, 72–5, 86–91, 102–3, 139, 143–5
Gower, John, works of: colophon, 75–76; Carmen Super Multiplici Victorum Pestilencia, 77; Cinquante ballades, 90; Confessio amantis, 70, 77–79, 87–100, 105, 113, 125; Cronica Tripertita, 75–81, 90, 101; “H. aquile pullus,” 85–6; In Praise of Peace 90; Mirour de l’Omme, 90, 143–4; Visio Anglie, 80–1; Vox clamantis, 33, 70, 72–87, 90, 94, 97, 105
Grosseteste, Robert, 95
Guillaume de Lorris (Romance of the Rose), 32, 109
Hearne, Thomas, 101
Henry I (king of England), 23
Henry II (king of England), 24
Henry III (king of Castille), 93
Henry III (king of England), 27, 28
Henry IV (king of England): Chaucer and, 101–2, 133, 139; Gower and, 3–4, 33, 70, 72–104, 143; Lancastrian political prophecies, 7, 31, 70, 79–83, 90–3, 100–2; political prophecies about, 29, 31, 40, 71
Henry VIII (king of England), 36, 60, 63, 67, 135, 142
Hesiod, 107
Hickes, George, 65
“Hit cometh by kynde of gentil blode…,” 133–4
“Hit falleth foevery gentilman…,” 133–4
Hoccleve, Thomas, 138; Regiment of Princes, 96; “To the kynges most noble grace…,” 135
Holy Land, the, 15, 19, 21, 31, 40, 42, 48–50
“Holy Oil of St. Thomas, The,” 31, 42, 85
Holy Roman Emperor, 5, 15–16, 22
Hortus conclusus, 109
Humanism, 4, 66, 68, 106, 131, 141
Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, 93
Hundred Years War, 18, 29–30, 39–45, 47
Hypnose, 115
Icarus, 120
“Invective Against France, An” (prophecy), 39, 47
Isaiah, book of, 63
Jack Upland, 138
Jerome, Saint, 37
Jerusalem, 41
Jews, conversion of, 38, 47–8, 118
Joachim of Fiore/Joachimism, 36–7, 49, 51, 53
Joan of Arc, 19–21
Joaō (king of Portugal), 93
John II (king of France), 42, 45
John the Baptist, 108
John, Duke of Bedford, 93
John of Patmos, Saint, 33, 80–1, 123, 128
John of Salisbury, 6
Jonah (Old Testament prophet), 9, 105
Judgment Day. See under apocalypse
Kempe, Margery, 83
Kett’s Rebellion, 62
Knighton, Henry, 82–3
Lancaster, Henry (duke), 45
Lancaster, Thomas (earl), 28
Langland, William: biography, 42; narrative persona, 4, 33–8, 105; retrospective reputation, 3–4, 34–6, 38, 61–70, 91, 142–3; The Vision of Piers Plowman, 35–69, 105, 137, 142; — Clergy’s prophecy, 7, 35–8, 49–55, 58–69, 142; — Conscience’s prophecy, 35–52, 55, 67–8; — Lady Mede, 38–49, 52; — published versions of, 34, 60–7; — Will’s prophecy, 35, 55–60, 62–3, 67–8, 132
Last Emperor prophecy: in English prophecies, 27, 31, 35, 37, 40; in French prophecies, 6–7, 16–23, 25; in Piers Plowman, 41, 47, 49–53; of the Sibyl, 15. See also Second Charlemagne
Last Judgment. See apocalypse
libri Sibyllini, 13
“Lilium regnans” (prophecy), 31, 41, 42
Livy, 98
Longman Anthology, 36
Louis, Duke of Orleans, 16
Laȝamon, 26–8
Lucrece, 98
Luke the Evangelist, 123
Macaulay, G.C.: on the Confessio Amantis, 77–8, 88–9, 91, 101; on the Mirour de l’Omme, 144; on the Vox clamantis, 74, 76–80, 86
Magna Carta, 95
Mark the Evangelist, 123
Mary Tudor, 58–60
Matthew the Evangelist, 123
Merciless Parliament, 96
Merlin: citations of, 16, 19, 132, 140, 173n73; Galfridian prophetic style, 5, 7, 13, 27, 33, 57; in Historia regum Britanniae, 5, 17, 22–4, 27–30, 55–6, 85; literary persona, 65; in prose Brut, 5, 23, 26–8, 29, 56, 71; in Wace’s Roman de Brut, 24–6
Merovingian kings, 40
Michaiah (Old Testament prophet), 94, 98–9
millenarian beliefs, 49
models for princes, 95–100
Mohammad (prophet of Islam), 18, 47
monastic reform, 50–2
monastic dissolution, 3, 36, 59, 61–70, 142
Moses (Old Testament prophet), 40, 48
Muslims/”Saracens,” 18, 21, 38, 47–8
Myrddin, 23
Norham, Hermit William, 71
Nottage, Lynn, 10–11
Odysseus, 110–11
Ordericus Vitalis, 23
Otto I (Holy Roman Emperor), 5, 22
Otto II (Holy Roman Emperor), 22
Otto III (Holy Roman Emperor), 15, 22
Otto of Freising, 16
Ovide Moralisé, 125–6
paratext, 134
Parker, Matthew (archbishop of Canterbury), 137–8
parody: in House of Fame, 104, 106, 113–16; in Legend of Good Women, 126–7; in Piers Plowman, 37, 56–8, 62, 64, 67–9
patronage, literary, 12
Pepin (king of the Franks), 40
Petrarch, 107–9
Philip VI (king of France), 39
Phillipa (queen of England), 93
Pierce the Ploughman’s Creede, 137, 139
Piers Plowman, prophecies attributed to, 60–1
plague, 30
Plowman’s Crede, The, 64
precious language, 30
Pricke of Conscience, The, 118
Prophecy of the Six Kings of England, 26–31, 47, 56, 58
prophetic citation, 8, 104, 106–114, 141, 145
prophetic disguise, 5–6
Protestant Reformation: association with Chaucer, 106, 131, 137–42, 145; association with the Gawain-poet, 148n15; association with Langland, 3, 7, 35–6, 60–70; historic perspective of, 9, 11. See also monastic dissolution
proverbial sayings, 113
Psalms, 33, 46, 48, 50–2, 69, 86, 105
pseudo-Aquinas, 98
public poetry, 82
Pynson, Richard, 131
(quin) decemuiri, 13
Record and Process of the Renunciation and Deposition of Richard II, The, 79, 93, 97
Rehoboam (Old Testament king), 96–7
rhetoric, 120
Richard II (king of England): deposition, 7–8, 70–2, 74–102, 143; patronage of literature/prophecies, 12–13, 29, 31, 38; political prophecies about, 7, 18, 29, 31, 42; regnal years, 49; relationship with Chaucer, 101–2; in the Vox clamantis, 72–87, 97, 101
Richard the Redeless, 97
Rising of 1381, 61, 72, 75, 81, 144
Robinson, Marilynne, 69
Rogers, Owen, 64–5
Rokele family, 41–2
rolling revision, 77
Roman de Brut: Laȝamon’s Brut, 26, 27–8; prose Brut, 5, 23, 28–9, 41, 71, 133; Wace’s Brut, 24, 27–8
Romance of the Rose, 32, 108–9, 126
Samuel (Old Testament prophet), 22, 38–9, 44, 94, 100
Saracens. See Muslims/Saracens
Satan, 119
Saul (Old Testament king), 38–9, 44–5, 47, 100
scribes: of the Confessio Amantis 91–2; of the Tiburtine Sibyl 17; of the Vox clamantis 76–9, 84, 86
Scipio Africanis, 107
Second Baron’s War, 95
Second Charlemagne, 16, 18, 20–1, 27
Second Coming. See under apocalypse
Secretum philosophorum, 48
Sibyl, the: authorial persona, 17–22, 31, 65; citations of, 16, 19, 22; literary character, 18, 26; pseudonym, 14–16. See also Cumaean Sibyl, Erythraean Sibyl, and Tiburtine Sibyl
Sibyllic prophecies, 5, 12–13, 23, 27, 31, 33, 86
Sibyllinorum Verborum Iterpretatio, 16
Simon Magus, 127
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. See Gawain-poet
Six Kings prophecy. See Prophecy of the Six Kings of England
Skeat, Walter William, 61, 67, 114, 140
Solomon (Old Testament king), 96, 97
Stratford, John, Archbishop, 97
Sweat (Nottage), 10–11
Testament of Love (Usk), 101, 140
Theophilus, 14
Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 77–8, 117
Thomas, Duke of Clarence, 93
threshold works, 8, 106, 134–5
Thweng, John, 30
Thynne, William, 105–6, 135–8, 141
Tibullus, 108
Tiburtine Sibyl, 15, 16–17, 22
Usk, Adam of, 5, 71–2, 85, 97, 147n4
Valois court of France, 12, 16, 29. See also Charles V and Charles VI
Varro, 13
vaticinium ex eventu, 15, 18, 21, 27–8, 30, 33
Vaticinium Roberti Bridlington, 29–31, 39, 47, 48, 71
Virgil: Aeneid, the 24–6, 110–13, 117, 119, 123; in Chaucer’s House of Fame, 110–13, 115–6, 124; in Dante’s Commedia, 109, 110; fourth Eclogue, 6, 14, 26; sixth Eclogue, 107
vox populi, 8, 33, 70, 81–4, 90, 94, 98
“When feythe failleth…” See “Chaucer’s Prophecy”
Whore of Babylon, 127
Wonderful Parliament, 96
Wyatt’s rebellion, 58
Wycliffe, John: Chaucer as follower, 105, 138–9; Gower as detractor, 139; Langland as follower, 7, 61–2, 64, 69, 142