¹J. M. Kinneir, Journey through Asia Minor, Armenia, and Koordistan, in the Years 1813 and 1814, with remarks on the Marches of Alexander and the Retreat of the Ten Thousand (London, 1818), 396.

²R. D. Barnett, ‘Xenophon and the Wall of Media’, Journal of Hellenic Studies, 83(1963), 1–26, at 26

³H. Taine, ‘Xénophon: L’Anabase’, in his Essais de critique et d’histoire (IIth edn.; Paris, 1908; orig. pub. 1858), 150–87, at 166.

⁴J. H. Newman, The Idea of a University: Defined and Illustrated, ed. I. T. Ker (Oxford, 1976; orig. pub. 1873), 276–8.

⁵A. Lang, ‘Homer and the Study of Greek’, in his Essays in Little (London, 1891), 77–92, at 81–2.

⁶G. Gissing, The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft (London, 1964; orig. pub. 1903), 92.

⁷Kinneir, Journey through Asia Minor, 487.

⁸F. von Notz, Deutsche Anabasis 1918: Ein Riickzug aus dem bulgarischen Zusammenbruch in Mazedonien (Berlin, 1921), 63–4.

⁹The Times (London), 4 June 1940, p. 7.

¹⁰R. L. Smith and F. J. West, The March Up: Taking Baghdad with the 1st Marine Division (London, 2004), 2.

¹¹‘Sea-Greeting’: The Complete Poems of Heinrich Heine, trans. H. Draper (Oxford, 1982), 145 (I have restored ‘Thalatta! Thalatta!’ for the translator’s ‘Thalassa! Thalassa!’). Mulligan: J. Joyce, Ulysses (Paris, 1922), 5. See, in general, T. C. B. Rood, The Sea! The Sea! The Shout of the Ten Thousand in the Modern Imagination (London, 2004), on the modern reception of this shout.

¹²Quoted in J. M. Wilson, ‘T. E. Lawrence and the Translating of the Odyssey’, Journal of the T E. Lawrence Society, 3. 2 (1994), 35–66, at 37.

¹³For discussion of Xenophon’s exile, see P. J. Rahn, ‘The Date of Xenophon’s exile’, in G. S. Shrimpton and D. J. McCargor (eds.), Classical Contributions: Studies in Honour of Malcolm Francis McGregor (New York, 1981), 103–19; C. J. Tuplin, ‘Xenophon’s Exile Again’, in M. Whitby, P. R. Hardie, and M. Whitby (eds.), Homo Viator: Classical Essays for John Bramble (Bristol and Oak Park, Ill., 1987), 59–68; P. Green, ‘Text and Context in the Matter of Xenophon’s Exile’, in I. Worthington (ed.), Ventures into Greek History (Oxford, 1994), 215–27. The broader theme of displacement is discussed by J. Ma, ‘You Can’t Go Home Again: Displacement and Identity in Xenophon’s Anabasis’, in R. Lane Fox (ed.), The Long March: Xenophon and the Ten Thousand (New Haven, 2004), 330–45.

¹⁴E. Spelman, ‘Introduction’, Xenophon: The Expedition of Cyrus (2 vols., London, 1740–2), vol. i, pp. xxii–xxiii.

¹⁵Review of A. J. Butler, Sport in Classic Times, Times Literary Supplement, 1478 (29 May 1930), 455.

¹⁶F. Durrbach, ‘L’Apologie de Xénophon dans l’”Anabase” ‘, REG 6 (1893), 343–86, remains one of the most forceful proponents of this view.

¹⁷I. Calvino, ‘Xenophon’s Anabasis’, in Why Read the Classics?, trans. M. McLaughlin (London, 1999; Ital. orig. 1991), 19–23, at 20.

¹⁸F. Robert, ‘Les Intentions de Xénophon dans l’Anabase’, Information litte’raire, 2(1950), 55–9.

¹⁹Whether or not Xenophon used some sort of diary is open to debate: see note to p. 5.

²⁰E. Delebecque, ‘Xénophon, Athènes et Lacédémones: Notes sur la composition del’Anabase’, REG 59–60, (1946–7), 71–138.

²¹See e.g. G. L. Cawkwell, ‘Introduction’, in Xenophon: The Persian Expedition, trans. R. Warner (Harmondsworth, 1972), 9–48; Cawkwell’s arguments have now been re-stated in his chapter ‘When, How, and Why did Xenophon Write the Anabasis?’, in Lane Fox (ed.), Long March, 47–67.

²²Oral Sophaenetus: P. J. Stylianou, ‘One Anabasis or Two?’, in Lane Fox (ed.), Long March, 68–96. Sophaenetus as later ‘forgery’: H. D. Westlake, ‘Diodorus and the Expedition of Cyrus’, Phoenix, 41 (1987), 241–55. Stylianou convincingly argues for the general dependence of Diodorus on Xenophon.

²³J. B. Bury, A History of Greece to the Death of Alexander the Great, 3rd edn., rev. R. Meiggs (London, 1956), 523.

²⁴On the ideology of mercenary service, see V. Azoulay, ‘Exchange as Entrapment: Mercenary Xenophon?’, in Lane Fox (ed.), Long March, 289–304.

²⁵J. Roy, ‘The Ambitions of a Mercenary’, in Lane Fox (ed.), Long March, 264–88, at 276.

²⁶Roy, ‘Ambitions’, 276. On the question of the supply of equipment, see P. McKechnie, ‘Greek Mercenary Troops and their Equipment’, Historia, 43 (1994), 297–305, and D. Whitehead, ‘Who Equipped Mercenary Troops in Classical Greece?’, Historia, 40 (1991), 105–13.

²⁷Smith and West, March Up, 2.

²⁸M. Whitby, ‘Xenophon’s Ten Thousand as a Fighting Force’, in Lane Fox (ed.), Long March, 215–42, at 239.

²⁹See 1.10.2–3; 4.1.1.4; 4.3.20, 30; 5.4.33; also note to p. 105.

³⁰For a more detailed discussion, see T. C. B. Rood, ‘Panhellenism and Self-Presentation: Xenophon’s Speeches’, in Lane Fox (ed.), Long March, 305–29.

³¹Taine, ‘Xénophon: L’Anabase’, 151.

³²E. Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, ed. D. Womersley (3 vols.; Harmondsworth, 1994; orig. pub. 1776–88), i. 951. For the idea of the army as city, see S. Hornblower, ‘“This was Decided” (edoxe tauta): The Army as polis in Xenophon’s Anabasis—and Elsewhere’, in Lane Fox (ed.), Long March, 243–63.

³³Calvino, ‘Xenophon’s Anabasis’, 23.