Bibliography

A Word About Sources

For reasons of space, I have regretfully limited citations to direct quotations. Because Henry Ward Beecher was so widely written about, many quotations and anecdotes appear in multiple publications, often varying slightly in wording. For example, three different trial transcripts were published, in addition to the daily transcripts printed in newspapers across the country. I have tried to peg my citations to the most accurate and accessible versions, referring to digitized copies whenever possible.

In the long course of preparing this book, I have profited from an array of scholars, too many to include in even the most thorough of bibliographies—early-twentieth-century antiquarians, mid-twentieth-century synthesizers, bottom-up social historians, and postmodern new historicists. I am particularly indebted to a long line of Beecher scholars, including Lyman Abbott, Joseph and John Raymond Howard, Paxton Hibben, William McLoughlin, Clifford Clark, Marie Caskey, Jane Shaffer Elsmere, Robert Shaplen, Milton Rugoff, Kathryn Kish Sklar, Altina Waller, Vincent Harding, Joan Hedrick, and Richard Wightman Fox.

Readers seeking further scholarly discussion might turn to Waller’s social history of Plymouth Church, McLoughlin’s intellectual history of Beecher’s ideas, Rugoff’s full family portrait, Hedrick’s definitive life of Harriet Beecher Stowe, or Fox’s extensive bibliographic essay which dissects the rumors and facts of the scandal. The Brooklyn Daily Eagle On-line, courtesy of the Brooklyn Public Library, and the Making of Modern America Web site, courtesy of the University of Michigan and Cornell University, offer free, word-searchable access to many primary sources about or by the Beechers. My own working notes, arranged as a detailed chronology of Beecher’s life, will be available at the Amherst College Archives, in the hope of encouraging further scholarship and debate.

Archives

American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass.
Archives and Special Collections, Amherst College, Amherst, Mass.
Boston Public Library, Boston, Mass.
Brooklyn Historical Society, Brooklyn, N.Y.
Brooklyn Public Library, Brooklyn, N.Y.
Cincinnati Historical Society, Cincinnati, Ohio
Cornell University Archives, Ithaca, N.Y.

Archives and Special Collections, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Penn.
Harriet Beecher Stowe Center, Hartford, Conn.
Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
Houghton Library
Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute
Hennicker Historical Society, Hennicker, N.H.
Historic New England/SPNEA (Society for the Preservation of New England
Antiquities), Boston, Mass.
Huntington Library, San Marino, Calif.
Indiana Historical Society, Indianapolis, Ind.
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Litchfield Historical Society, Litchfield, Conn.
Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston
Museum of the City of New York, New York, N.Y.
New Hampshire Historical Society, Concord, N.H.
New York Public Library, New York, N.Y.
Olde Sturbridge Village, Sturbridge, Mass.
Ohio Historical Society, Columbus, Ohio
Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center, Fremont, Ohio
Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College, Northampton, Mass.
Friends Historical Library, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Penn.
Rare Books and Special Collections, University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y.
Archives and Special Collections, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N.Y.
Yale University, New Haven, Conn.
Beinecke Library
Sterling Memorial Library, Manuscripts and Archives

Books and Articles

Abbott, Lyman. Henry Ward Beecher. Cambridge, Mass.: The Riverside Press, 1903.

———. Henry Ward Beecher: A Sketch of His Career: With Analyses of His Power as a Preacher, Lecturer, Orator and Journalist, and Incidents and Reminiscences of His Life. Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company, 1887.

———. Henry Ward Beecher as His Friends Saw Him. Boston: Pilgrim Press, c. 1904.

Against an Aristocracy of Sex, 1866 to 1873: The Selected Papers of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, 2 vols. Edited by Ann D. Gordon, Tamara Gaskell Miller, Susan I. Johns, Oona Schmid, Mary Poole, Veronica A. Wilson, and Stacy Kinlock Sewell. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2000.

Alcott, A. Bronson. The Journals of Bronson Alcott. Edited by Odell Shepard. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1938.

Allmendinger, David F. Paupers and Scholars: The Transformation of Student Life in Nineteenth-Century New England. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1975.

Ames, Blanche Butler. Chronicles from the Nineteenth Century: Family Letters of Blanche Butler and Adelbert Ames. Clinton, Mass.: 1957.

Antislavery Almanac. New York: Anti-Slavery Society, 1839.

Appleton’s Cyclopedia of American Biography. New York: Appleton & Co., 1887–89.

Bacon, Theodore D. Leonard Bacon, A Statesman for the Church. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1931.

Badeau, Adam. The Vagabond. New York: Rudd & Carleton, 1859.

Barber, John Warner. Historical Collections. Worcester, Mass.: Dorr, Howland & Company, 1839.

Barnes, Gilbert H. The Antislavery Impulse, 1830–1844. New York: D. Appleton– Century Company, 1933.

Barnes, Gilbert H. and Dwight L. Dumond. Letters of Theodore Dwight Weld, Angelina Grimké Weld and Sarah Grimké, 1822–1844 . 2 vols. New York: D. Appleton– Century Company, 1934.

Barrows, John Henry. Henry Ward Beecher: The Shakespeare of the Pulpit . New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1893.

Basler, Roy P., and Christian O. Basler, eds. The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. Second Supplement, 1848–1865. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1990.

Beecher, Catharine E. Educational Reminiscences and Suggestions. New York: J. B. Ford and Company, 1874.

———. The Moral Instructor. Cincinnati: Truman & Smith, 1838.

———. Religious Training of Children. New York: Harper & Bros., 1864.

Beecher, Charles. Redeemer and Redeemed: An Investigation of the Atonement and of Eternal Judgment. Boston: Lee and Shepard, 1864.

———. Life of Edward Beecher. Unpublished manuscript. Illinois College Library, Jacksonville, Ill.

Beecher, Eunice White. Dawn to Daylight. New York: Derby & Jackson, 1859.

Beecher, George. The Biographical Remains of Rev. George Beecher: Late Pastor of a Church in Chillicothe, Ohio, and Former Pastor of a Church in Rochester, New York. New York: Leavitt, Trow and Company, 1844.

Beecher, Henry Ward. Autobiographical Reminiscences. Edited by T. J. Ellinwood. New York: Frederick A. Stokes & Company, 1898.

———. Evolution and Religion. Enlarged Edition. New York: Fords, Howard & Hubert, 1886.

———. Eyes and Ears. Boston: Ticknor & Fields, 1862.

———. Lecture Room Talks. New York: J. B. Ford & Company, 1874.

———. Lectures and Orations. Edited by N. D. Hillis. New York: Fleming H. Revell & Company, 1913. Reprint, AMS Press, 1970.

———. Life Thoughts, Gathered From the Extemporaneous Discourses of Henry Ward Beecher by One of His Congregations. Boston: Phillips, Sampson and Company, 1858.

———. New Star Papers; or, Views and Experiences of Religious Subjects. New York: Derby & Jackson, 1859.

———. Norwood; or, Village Life in New England. New York: C. Scribner, 1868.

———. Notes from Plymouth Pulpit: A Collection of Memorable Passages from the Discourses of Henry Ward Beecher. Edited by Augusta Moore. New York: Derby and Jackson, 1859.

———. Patriotic Addresses in America and England, 1855–1885 . Edited by John R. Howard. Boston: Pilgrim Press, 1887.

———. Plymouth Pulpit: Sermons Preached by Henry Ward Beecher. New York: J. B. Ford & Company, 1869–75.

———. Royal Truths. Boston: Ticknor & Fields, 1866.

———. Star Papers; or, Experiences of Art and Nature . New York: J. B. Ford & Company, 1873.

———. Yale Lectures on Preaching. New York: J. B. Ford & Company, 1872–73.

Beecher, Lyman. The Autobiography of Lyman Beecher. 2 vols. Edited by Barbara M. Cross. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1961.

Beecher, Thomas K. Notable Sermons. Elmira, N.Y.: Osborne Press, 1914.

Beecher, William, and Samuel Scoville, assisted by Mrs. Henry Ward Beecher. A Biography of Rev. Henry Ward Beecher. New York: Charles Webster, 1888.

Beecher-Tilton Investigation: The Scandal of the Age. Philadelphia: Barclay & Company, 1874.

Bigelow, John. Retrospections of an Active Life. 4 vols. New York: Baker, 1909.

Bok, Edward. Beecher Memorial: Contemporaneous Tributes to the Memory of Henry Ward Beecher. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Privately Printed Bowen, Edward A. The Lineage of the Bowens of Woodstock, Connecticut. Cambridge, Mass.: Riverside Press, 1897.

Branch, Edward Douglas. The Sentimental Years: 1836–1860. New York: D. Appleton–Century Company, 1934.

Brockett, L. P. Men of Our Day. Philadelphia: Zeigler, McCurdy & Company, 1869.

Bungay, George. Crayon Sketches and Off-hand Takings. Boston: Stacy and Richardson, 1852.

Carpenter, Francis B. The Inner Life of Abraham Lincoln: Six Months in the White House. New York: Hurd and Houghton, 1874.

Carter, Robert. “The Newness.” Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine 39, no. 1 (1889).

Caskey, Marie. Chariot of Fire: Religion and the Beecher Family. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1978.

Child, Lydia Maria. Lydia Maria Child, Selected letters, 1817–1880 . Edited by Milton Meltzer and Patricia G. Holland. Amherst, Mass.: University of Massachusetts Press, 1982.

Cist, Charles. Cincinnati in 1841: Early Annals and Future Prospects . Cincinnati: Charles Cist, 1841.

Clark, Clifford E. Henry Ward Beecher: Spokesman for a Middle-Class America. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1978.

Cole, Arthur Charles. Irrepressible Conflict, 1850–1865. New York: Macmillan Company, 1934.

The Common School Almanac. New York: American Common School Society, 1839.

Conant, William C. Narratives of Remarkable Conversions and Revival Incidents. New York: Derby and Jackson, 1858.

Corning, Edward. Personal Recollections of Henry Ward Beecher. Brooklyn: Eagle Press, 1903.

Crofut, William A. An American Procession, 1855–1914; A Personal Chronicle of Famous Men. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1931.

Davis, Hugh. Leonard Bacon: New England Reformer and Antislavery Moderate . Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1998.

Derby, James C. Fifty Years Among Authors, Books and Publishers. New York: G. W. Carleton; London: S. Low, 1886.

Dix, John. Transatlantic Tracings; or, Sketches of Persons and Scenes in America. London: W. Tweedie, 1853.

Doyle, John Edward Parker. Plymouth Church and its Pastor; or, Henry Ward Beecher and His Accusers. Hartford, Conn.: Park Publishing Co., 1874.

Elsmere, Jane Shaffer. Henry Ward Beecher: The Indiana Years. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society, 1973.

Emerson, Ralph W. The Conduct of Life. Boston: James R. Osgood & Company, 1878.

———. “Historic Notes on Life and Letters in New England.” American Transcendentalists, Their Prose and Poetry. Edited by Perry Miller. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1957.

———. Journal and Miscellaneous Notebooks of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Edited by Linda Allardt. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1982.

———. Selected Essays. Edited by Lazar Ziff. New York: Penguin Books, 1982.

Finney, Charles. The Memoirs of Charles G. Finney: The Complete Restored Text. Edited by Garth Rosell and Richard A. G. Dupuis. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Academie Books, 1989.

Fiske, John. Edward Livingston Youmans, Interpreter of Science for the People. New York: Appleton, 1894.

Foner, Eric, and Olivia Mahoney. A House Divided. America in the Age of Lincoln. New York: Norton; Chicago: Chicago Historical Society, 1990.

Foner, Philip. Business & Slavery. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1941.

Foote, Mary Hallock. A Victorian Gentlewoman in the Far West: The Reminiscences of Mary Hallock Foote. Edited by Rodman W. Paul. San Marino, Calif.: Huntington Library, 1972.

Formisano, Ronald P. The Birth of Mass Political Parties, Michigan, 1827–1861. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1971.

Fowler, L. N. The Illustrated Phrenological Almanac for 1852. New York: Fowler and Wells, 1852.

Fowler, O. S., and L. N. Fowler. Phrenology Proved, Illustrated, and Applied. Assisted by Samuel Kirkham. New York: Printed for the Authors by W. H. Coyler, 1837.

Fox, Richard Wightman. Trials of Intimacy: Love and Loss in the Beecher-Tilton Scandal. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.

Freeman, Andrew A. Abraham Lincoln Goes to New York. New York: Coward-McCann, 1960.

French, Justus Clement, and Edward Carey. The Trip of the Steamer Oceanus to Fort Sumter and Charleston, South Carolina. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Union, 1865.

Fuess, Claude Moore. Amherst: The Story of a New England College. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1935.

Garrison, Wendell Phillips, and Frances Jackson Garrison. William Lloyd Garrison, 1805–1879: The Story of His Life, Told by His Children. 4 vols. New York: Negro Universities Press, 1969.

———. The Letters of William Lloyd Garrison. Edited by Walter M. Merrill. 4 vols. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1971–1981.

Goldsmith, Barbara. Other Powers: The Age of Suffrage, Spiritualism, and the Scandalous Victoria Woodhull. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998.

Grant, Ellsworth. The Miracle of Connecticut. Edited by Oliver Jensen. Hartford: Connecticut Historical Society, 1992.

Griswold, Stephen. Sixty Years with Plymouth Church. New York: Fleming Revell Company, 1907.

Guelzo, Allen. Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004.

Hale, William. Horace Greeley: Voice of the People. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1950.

Harding, Vincent. Certain Magnificence: Lyman Beecher and the Transformation of American Protestantism, 1775–1863. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Carlson Pub., 1991.

Harper, Ida Husted. Life and Work of Susan B. Anthony. New York: Arno, 1969.

Hayes, Rutherford B. Diary and Letters of Rutherford B. Hayes. Edited by Charles R. Williams. 5 vols. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, 1922–26.

Hedrick, Joan. Harriet Beecher Stowe: A Life. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Hibben, Paxton. Henry Ward Beecher: An American Portrait. New York: George Dornan, 1927.

Higginson, Mary P. Thacher. Thomas Wentworth Higginson: The Story of His Life. Boston: Houghton Mifflin & Company, 1914.

Higginson, Thomas W. Letters and Journals of Thomas Wentworth Higginson, 1846– 1906. Edited by Mary Thacher Higginson. New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1921.

Hinton, Richard J. John Brown and His Men. New York, Arno Press, 1968.

Hitchcock, Edward. The Religion of Geology and its Connected Sciences . Boston: Phillips, Sampson, and Company, 1854.

Hooker, Isabella Beecher. “The Last of the Beechers: Memories of My Eighty-third Birthday.” Connecticut Magazine 9 (1905).

Horowitz, Helen Lefkowitz. Campus Life: Undergraduate Cultures from the End of the Eighteenth Century to the Present. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1987.

Howard, Henry Ward, ed. The Eagle and Brooklyn: The Record of the Progress of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Brooklyn, N.Y.: Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 1893.

Howard, John Raymond. Henry Ward Beecher: A Study of his Personality, Career and Influence in Public Affairs. New York: Fords, Howard & Hulbert, 1887.

———. Remembrance of Things Past: A Familiar Chronicle of Kinsfolk and Friends Worth While. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1925.

Howard, Joseph, Jr. Life of Henry Ward Beecher. Philadelphia: Hubbard Brothers, 1887.

Howe, Henry. Historical Collections of the Great West. Cincinnati: H. Howe, 1851.

Hudson, Frederick. Journalism in the United States, from 1690–1872 . New York: Harper & Brothers, 1873.

Ingersoll, Robert Green. The Works of Robert G. Ingersoll: In Twelve Volumes. New York: Dresden Publishing Company, 1902.

Johnson, Oliver. A Home in the Woods: Oliver Johnson’s Reminiscences of Early Marion County, as Related by Howard Johnson. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society, 1951.

Johnson, Oliver. William Lloyd Garrison and His Times: or, Sketches of the Anti-Slavery Movement in America, and of the Man Who Was its Founder and Moral Leader. Boston: B. B. Russell & Company; New York: C. Drew, 1879.

Julian, George. Political Recollections, 1840 to 1842. Chicago: Jansen, McClurg & Company, 1884.

Kirk, Eleanor, ed. Beecher as a Humorist. New York: Fords, Howard and Hulbert, 1894.

Knox, Thomas W. Life and Work of Henry Ward Beecher: Syracuse: Bible Publishing House, 1887.

Linscott, Robert Newton. State of Mind: A Boston Reader. New York: Farrar, Straus, 1948.

Mansfield, Edward D. Personal Memories, 1803–1843. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Company, 1879.

Marshall, Charles F. The True History of the Brooklyn Scandal. Philadelphia, 1874.

McAleer, John J. Ralph Waldo Emerson: Days of Encounter. Boston: Little, Brown, 1984.

McCullough, Hugh. Men and Measures of Half a Century. New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1889.

McLoughlin, William G. The Meaning of Henry Ward Beecher: An Essay on the Shifting Values of Mid-Victorian America, 1840–1870. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1970.

Melville, Herman. Collected Poems of Herman Melville. Edited by Howard Vincent. Chicago: Chicago, Packard, 1947.

———. The Confidence Man: His Masquerade. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Memorial of the Revival in Plymouth Church. New York: Clark, Austin & Smith, 1859.

Murat, Halstead. Trimmers, Trucklers and Temporizers. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1961.

Murphy, Mary Ellen. A Treasury of Brooklyn. Edited by Mary Ellen, Mark Murphy, and Ralph Foster Weld. New York: W. Sloane Associates, 1949.

Murray, Amelia M. Letters from the United States and Canada. New York: Putnam, 1856.

Nichols, Alice. Bleeding Kansas. New York: Oxford University Press, 1954.

O’Connor, Thomas H. Civil War Boston: Home Front and Battlefield. Boston: North-eastern University Press, 1997.

Official Report of the Trial of Henry Ward Beecher, with Notes and References by Austin Abbott; 2 vols. New York: George W. Smith, 1875.

Parker, Theodore. World of Matter and the Spirit of Man; Latest Discourses of Religion. Edited by George Willis Cooke. Boston: American Unitarian Association, 1907.

Parrish, William Earl. David Rice Atchinson of Missouri, Border Politician . Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1961.

Pierson, George Wilson. Tocqueville and Beaumont in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1938.

Piper, Ferdinand. Lives of the Leaders of Our Church Universal. Edited by Henry Mitchell MacCracken. Philadelphia: Reformed Church Publication Board, 1879.

Pond, James Burton. Eccentricities of Genius. Memories of Famous Men and Women of the Platform and Stage. New York: G. W. Dillingham Company, 1900.

Potter, David. Impending Crisis, 1848–1861. Edited by Don E. Fehrenbacher. New York: Harper & Row, 1976.

Power, Richard Lyle. Planting Corn Belt Culture; The Impress of the Upland Southerner and Yankee in the Old Northwest. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society, 1953.

Proceedings of the Union Safety Meeting Held in Castle Garden, October 30, 1850. New York: 1850.

Rand, Frank Prentice. The Village of Amherst, a Landmark of Light. Amherst, Mass.: Amherst Historical Society, 1958.

Rankin, Henry Bascon. Intimate Character Sketches of Abraham Lincoln . Philadelphia and London: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1924.

Ray, C.A.B. Sketch of the Life of Reverend Charles B. Ray. New York: Press of J.J. Little & Company, 1887.

Raymond, John R. Life and Letters of John Howard Raymond. New York: Fords, Howard, & Hulbert, 1881.

Rice, Allen Thorndike, ed. Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln by Distinguished Men of His Time. New York: North American Publishing Company, 1886.

Riddle, Alfred G. “Discovery of Henry Ward Beecher.” Magazine of Western History 5 (1887).

Rourke, Constance. Trumpets of Jubilee. New York: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1927.

Rugoff, Milton. The Beechers: An American Family in the Nineteenth Century . New York: Harper & Row, 1981.

Rusk, Ralph L. The Life of Ralph Waldo Emerson. New York: Columbia University Press, 1957.

Sachs, Emanie. The Terrible Siren: Victoria Woodhull, 1838–1927 . New York: Harper and Brothers, 1928.

Sandburg, Carl. Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years and the War Years . New York: Harcourt Brace, 1954.

Shaplen, Robert. Free Love and Heavenly Sinners. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1954.

Shenstone, N. A. Anecdotes of Henry Ward Beecher. Chicago: J. C. Buckbee, 1887.

Sherwin, Oscar. Prophet of Liberty: The Life and Times of Wendell Phillips . New York: Bookman Associates, 1958.

Smith, Matthew Hale. Successful Folks: How They Win. Illustrated in the Career of Eight Hundred Eminent Men. Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company, 1878.

———. Sunshine and Shadow in New York. Hartford: J. B. Burr and Company, 1868.

Stampp, Kenneth M. America in 1857: A Nation on the Brink. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Stanton, Theodore and Harriot Stanton Blatch, eds. Elizabeth Cady Stanton as Revealed in her Letters, Diaries and Reminiscences. New York: Harper & Bros., 1922.

Stanwood, Edward. Boston Illustrated. Boston: J. R. Osgood, 1886.

Stowe, Calvin. “Sketches and Recollections of Dr. Lyman Beecher.” Congregational Quarterly 6 (1864).

Stowe, Charles E. Life of Harriet Beecher Stowe, Compiled from Her Letters and Journals by Her Son, Charles Edward Stowe. Boston: Houghton Mifflin & Company, 1890.

Stowe, Harriet Beecher. The Mayflower; or Sketches of Scenes and Characters Among the Descendants of the Pilgrims. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1843.

———. Men of Our Times; or, Leading Patriots of the Day. Hartford, Conn.: Hartford Publishing Company; New York: J. D. Denison, 1868.

———. My Wife and I. New York: J. B. Ford & Company, 1872.

———. Oldtown Folks. Boston: Fields, Osgood & Company, 1873.

———. Poganuc People. New York: Fords, Howard & Hulbert, 1878.

———. Uncle Tom’s Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly. New York: Modern Library, 1996.

Stowe, Lyman Beecher. Saints, Sinners, and Beechers. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1934.

Strong, George Templeton. Diary of George Templeton Strong. Edited by Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas. 4 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1952.

Tappan, Lewis. The Life of Arthur Tappan. New York: Hurd and Houghton, 1870.

Taylor, Bayard. Selected Letters of Bayard Taylor. Edited by Paul C. Wermuth. Cranbury, N.J.: Bucknell University Press, 1997.

Theodore Tilton v. Henry Ward Beecher: Action for Crim. Con. Tried in the City Court of Brooklyn, Chief Justice Joseph Neilson, Presiding: Verbatim Report by the Official Stenographer. New York: McDivitt, Campbell, 1875.

Thomas, Benjamin. Theodore Weld: Crusader for Freedom. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1950.

Thompson, Noyes L. The History of Plymouth Church. New York: G. W. Carleton & Company, 1873.

Thoreau, Henry D. The Journal of Henry D. Thoreau. Eds. Bradford Torrey and Francis H. Allen. 14 vols. Boston: Houghton Mifflin and Company, circa 1949.

Tilton, Theodore. “Speech of Theodore Tilton in Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, January 25, 1860.” Reported by William Henry Burr. New York: John A. Gray, 1860.

Tracy, Benjamin F. Case of Henry Ward Beecher. Opening Address by Benjamin F. Tracy, of Counsel for the Defendant. New York: G. W. Smith & Company, 1875.

Traubel, Horace. With Walt Whitman in Camden. Boston: Small, Maynard, 1906–64.

Trefousse, Hans L. Andrew Johnson: A Biography. New York: W.W. Norton, 1989.

Trimpi, Helen. Melville’s Confidence Men and American Politics in the 1850s. Hamden, Conn. Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1987.

Twain, Mark. Mark Twain’s Letters, 1867–1868. Edited by Harriet Elinor Smith and Richard Bucci. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1990.

———. Mark Twain’s Travels with Mr. Brown. Collected and Edited by Franklin Walker and G. Ezra Dane. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1940.

Tyler, Alice Felt. Freedom’s Ferment: Phases of American Social History from the Colonial Period to the Outbreak of the Civil War. 2d ed. New York: Harper & Row, 1962.

Tyler, Moses Coit. Selections from His Letters and Diaries. Edited by Jessica Tyler Austen. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday Page, 1911.

Tyler, W. S. History of Amherst College During Its First Half Century, 1821–1871. Springfield, Mass.: C. W. Bryan, 1873.

Underhill, Lois Beachy. The Woman Who Ran for President: The Many Lives of Victoria Woodhull. Bridgehampton, N.Y.: Bridge Works Publishing Company, 1995.

Vanderpoel, Emily Noyes. More Chronicles of a Pioneer School: From 1792 to 1833. New York: Cadmus Book Shop, 1927.

Van Pelt, Daniel. Leslie’s History of Greater New York. New York: Arkell Publishing Company, 1898.

Waller, Altina. Reverend Beecher and Mrs. Tilton: Sex and Class in Victorian America. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1982.

Ward, William Hayes, ed. Abraham Lincoln: Tributes from His Associates . New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1895.

Warren, Kenneth W. Black and White Strangers: Race and American Literary Realism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.

Welles, Gideon. Diary of Gideon Welles. Boston: Houghton Mifflin & Company, 1911.

Whicher, George Frisbie. This Was a Poet: A Critical Biography of Emily Dickinson. New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1938.

White, Alain C. The History of the Town of Litchfield, Conn., 1790–1920. Litchfield, Conn.: Litchfield Historical Society, 1920.

White, James C. Personal Reminiscences of Lyman Beecher. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1882.

Whitman, Walt. I Sit and Look Out: Editorials from the Brooklyn Daily Times. New York: AMS Press Inc. 1966.

Whittier, John Greenleaf. The Letters of John Greenleaf Whittier. Edited by John G. Pickard. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1975.

Wilson, Forrest. Crusader in Crinoline: The Life of Harriet Beecher Stowe. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1941.

Wilson, Henry. History of the Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America . Boston: Houghton Mifflin & Company, 1872–1877.

Wilson, James G. and John Fiske, eds. Appleton’s Cyclopaedia. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1887–89.

Woodhull, Victoria. The Woodhull Reader. Edited by Madeleine B. Stern. Weston, Mass.: M & S Press, 1974.