TIMELINE
1939
September 1: Germany invades Poland
September 3: Britain and France declare war on Germany
1940
April: Germany invades Denmark and Norway
May: German blitzkrieg overwhelms Belgium, the Netherlands, and France
June 22: France surrenders to Germany
July to September: Battle of Britain
September: London Blitz begins; Italy invades Egypt
1941
June 22: Germany invades the Soviet Union, known as Operation Barbarossa
September 8: Siege of Leningrad begins; it will last 872 days
December 7: Japan attacks the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
December 8: U.S. declares war on Japan
1942
January–April: Japan invades the Philippines, Singapore, Dutch East Indies, and Burma
May 4–8: Japan retreats after the Battle of the Coral Sea
June 4–7: U.S. defeats Japan at the Battle of Midway
August 23: Battle of Stalingrad begins
October 23–November 11: Allies defeat Germany at the Battle of El Alamein
1943
February 2: Battle of Stalingrad ends with a Soviet victory over Germany
May: Axis surrender in North Africa
July: Allies invade Sicily; Mussolini is removed from power
July 5–August 23: Soviets defeat Germany at the Battle of Kursk
September: Allies invade Italy; the Italians surrender; German troops move into Italy
1944
June 4: Rome falls to the Allies
June 6: Allies invade northern France on D-Day
June 15–July 9: Allies defeat Japan in the Battle of Saipan
December 16: Battle of the Bulge begins
1945
February 19–March 26: U.S. defeats Japan at the Battle of Iwo Jima
April 1–June 21: Allies defeat Japan at the Battle of Okinawa
April 28: Mussolini is executed in Italy
April 30: Hitler commits suicide in Berlin
May 8: Germany surrenders
August 6: U.S. drops an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan
August 8: Soviets enter the war against Japan
August 9: U.S. drops an atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan
September 2: Japan formally surrenders