Chapter Four: Wives or Widows?
1. Denton, When Hell Was in Session, 96–97.
2. Jeremiah Denton III, in conversation with the author, May 7, 2016; Jeremiah, directed by Mark Fastoso (Birmingham: Alabama Public Television, 2015); Townley, Defiant, 76–78.
3. James S. Denton, “Editor’s Introduction: In Hanoi, Going Forward and Backward,” World Affairs Institute, January/February 2014, accessed May 24, 2016, http://
4. Jeremiah Denton III, in conversation with the author, May 7, 2016.
5. Denton, When Hell Was in Session, 89–90.
6. Andre Wiest and Chris McNab, The Illustrated History of the Vietnam War (New York: Metro Books, 2015), 33–34.
7. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 120.
8. Ibid.
9. Steven L. Smith, “The Reluctant Sorority: Stories of American Wives of Prisoners of War and Missing in Action, 1965–1973; Lessons in Exercising Leadership in the Absence of Power” (PhD diss., University of San Diego, April 2006), 82–83; Debby Burns Henry, personal scrapbook.
10. Pye and Shea, Navy Wife, 152.
11. Smith, “Reluctant Sorority,” 66.
12. Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 189.
13. Geneva Conventions description, “Return with Honor,” American Experience, PBS, aired November 2000, accessed December 7, 2015, www
14. Dorothy and Red McDaniel, in conversation with the author, January 18, 2018.
15. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 149–202; Townley, Defiant; Howard and Phyllis Rutledge, In The Presence of Mine Enemies: 1965–1973—A Prisoner of War (Old Tappan, NJ: Fleming H. Revel, 1973), 24–27, 45–47; Denton, When Hell Was in Session.
16. Denton, “Editor’s Introduction: In Hanoi.”
17. Pat Twinem, in conversation with the author, June 6, 2017.
18. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 135–37; Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 53–56, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
19. Robert Sams Boroughs Jr., military records, Department of the Navy, Bureau of Naval Personnel, various pages, Boroughs family private collection.
20. Merriann and Bernard Lynch, in conversation with the author, July 20, 2017; Bob Boroughs’s military superior’s comments, Boroughs military records.
21. Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 55, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
22. Merriann Boroughs Lynch, in conversation with the author, February 8, 2017; Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 137.
23. Pat Twinem, in conversation with the author, June 7, 2017.
24. Ibid.
25. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 135–37; Sybil Stockdale diary, n.d., 64, box 11, folder 22, SBSP.
26. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 140–41.
27. Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 195.
28. Ibid., 194–200.
29. “Return with Honor,” American Experience.
30. Interview with Bob Shumaker in Jeremiah, directed by Mark Fastoso (Birmingham: Alabama Public Television, 2015).
31. Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 198.
32. “Return with Honor,” American Experience.
33. Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 196–97.
34. Ibid., 206.
35. “Return with Honor,” American Experience; Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 206.
36. Rochester and Kiley, Honor Bound, 199.
37. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 72–73; Denton, When Hell Was in Session, 28–29.
38. Stockdale and Stockdale, In Love and War, 49; Vernon E. Davis, The Long Road Home: U.S. Prisoner of War Policy and Planning in Southeast Asia (Washington, DC: Historical Office of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, 2000), 7–11; Senate Committee on Government Operations, Communist Interrogation, Indoctrination and Exploitation of American Military and Civilian Prisoners (Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1957), Senate Report no. 2832, 84th Cong., 1–2, 6–23.