Correctly Using Parallelism

It can be rhetorically effective to use a particular construction several times in succession to provide emphasis. The technique is called parallel construction, and it is effective only when used sparingly.

Example: As a leader, Lincoln inspired a nation to throw off the chains of slavery; as a philosopher, he proclaimed the greatness of the little man; as a human being, he served as a timeless example of humility.

The repetition of the italicized construction provides the sentence with a strong sense of rhythm and organization and alerts the reader to the multiple aspects of Lincoln’s character. Matching constructions must be expressed in parallel form. Writers often use parallel structure incorrectly for dissimilar items.

Parallel constructions must be expressed in parallel grammatical form: all nouns, all infinitives, all gerunds, all prepositional phrases, or all clauses.

This principle applies to any words that might precede items in a series: either repeat the word before every element in a series or include it only before the first item. (In effect, your treatment of the second element of the series determines the form of all subsequent elements.)

A number of constructions always call for you to express ideas in parallel form. These constructions include the following:

X and Y can stand for as little as one word or as much as a whole clause, but in any case, the grammatical structure of X and Y must be identical.

Including Parallelism Practice Set

Read these sentences and revise to correct parallelism.

  1. Homes sell faster or slowly for a wide variety of reasons.

  2. The grocery baggers were ready, able, and were quite determined to do a great job.