1. When I wrote the first edition of this book I was inclined to that view but further researches make me think they were on the flanks and also in front of the army.  ↵

2. J. Keegan, The Face of Battle. A Study of Agincourt, Waterloo and the Somme (London, 1976), p. 101, sees the piling up as ‘the crucial factor in the development of the battle’.  ↵

3. J. Sumption, The Hundred Years War. II. Trial by Fire (London, 1999), p. 247.  ↵

4. For Crécy, see J. Sumption, The Hundred Years War. I. Trial by Battle (London, 1990), p. 530.  ↵

5. The successful defence of Harfleur over the course of 1416 is also important here.  ↵