¹ D. Brett, A Book Around the Irish Sea: History Without Nations (Dublin, 2009), 14–15.

² S. Kingston, Ulster and the Isles in the Fifteenth Century: The Lordship of the Clann Domhnaill of Antrim (Dublin, 2004), 19.

³ G. Walker, Intimate Strangers: Political and Cultural Interaction Between Scotland and Ulster in Modern Times (Edinburgh, 1995), 1.

⁴ P. Fitzgerald and B. Lambkin, Migration in Irish History, 1607–2007 (Basingstoke, 2008), 62–8; A. Ford, ‘Living Together, Living Apart: Sectarianism in Early Modern Ireland’, in A. Ford and J. McCafferty, eds., The Origins of Sectarianism in Early Modern Ireland (Cambridge, 2005), 13.

⁵ J. Wormald, ‘High Politics: A Very British Problem: The Stuart Crown and the Plantation of Ulster’, in History Ireland, 17 (2009), no. 3, 20–3.

⁶ J. H. Ohlmeyer, “ ‘Civilizinge of those Rude Partes”: Colonization within Britain and Ireland, 1580s–1640s’, in N. Canny, ed., The Origins of Empire: The Oxford History of the British Empire, 5 vols. (Oxford, 1998), vol. 1, 124–47. ‘Laboratory for Empire’ was the subtitle deployed for a series of three academic conferences held in London, Derry, and Dublin in 2009 to mark the 400th anniversary of the Ulster Plantation.

⁷ M. Perceval-Maxwell, The Scottish Migration to Ulster in the Reign of James I (London, 1973), 46–60. A comprehensive entry relating to James Hamilton can be found in the Dictionary of Irish Biography (Cambridge, 2009), vol. 4, 397–9. Somewhat surprisingly, there is no equivalent entry for Hugh Montgomery.

⁸ Ibid., 56.

⁹ J. H. Ohlmeyer, Civil War and Restoration in the Three Stuart Kingdoms: The Career of Randal MacDonnell, Marquis of Antrim (Dublin, 2001), 18–48; Dictionary of Irish National Biography (Cambridge, 2009), vol. 5, 959–63.

¹⁰ A summary of the excavation findings is available at www.science.ulster.ac.uk/esri/Excavations-at-Dunluce-Castle.html

¹¹ Perceval-Maxwell, Scottish Migration, 67.

¹² R. Gillespie, ‘Planned Migration to Ireland in the Seventeenth Century’, in P. J. Duffy, ed., To and From Ireland: Planned Migration Schemes c.1600–2000 (Dublin, 2004), 24; N. Canny, Making Ireland British, 1580–1650 (Oxford, 2001), 192.

¹³ Population estimates offered here are based on those presented by W. MacAfee, ‘The Population of Ulster, 1630–1841: Evidence from Mid-Ulster’ (unpublished D.Phil. thesis, University of Ulster, 1987), vol. 2, 344. Detailed accounts of the Plantation in Ulster include P. Robinson, The Plantation of Ulster: British Settlement in an Irish Landscape, 1600–1670 (Dublin, 1984); R. Gillespie, Colonial Ulster: The Settlement of East Ulster, 1600–1641 (Cork, 1985); Perceval-Maxwell, Scottish Migration; Canny, Making Ireland British.

¹⁴ S. J. Connolly, Contested Island: Ireland 1460–1630 (Oxford, 2007), 302.

¹⁵ Robinson, The Plantation of Ulster, 116–19; Canny, Making Ireland British, 362–89; L. Kennedy, K. A. Miller, and M. Graham, ‘The Long Retreat: Protestants, Economy and Society, 1660–1926’, in R. Gillespie and G. Moran, eds., Longford: Essays in County History (Dublin, 1991), 31–61; B. MacCuarta, ‘The Plantation of Leitrim, 1620–41’, in Irish Historical Studies, xxxii, no. 27, 2001, 297–320.

¹⁶ M. O’Dowd, Power, Politics & Land: Early Modern Sligo, 1568–1688 (Belfast, 1991), 152, 160–4; P. Fitzgerald, ‘Scottish Migration to Ireland in the Seventeenth Century’, in A. Grosjean and S. Murdoch, eds., Scottish Communities Abroad in the Early Modern Period (Leiden, 2005), 43–8.

¹⁷ See for example W. J. Roulston, Researching Scots-Irish Ancestors: The Essential Genealogical Guide to Early Modern Ulster, 1600–1800 (Belfast, 2005); D. Dobson, Scotland During the Plantation of Ulster: The Peoples of Dumfries and Galloway, 1600–1699 (Baltimore, MD, 2008).

¹⁸ J. Agnew, Belfast Merchant Families in the Seventeenth Century (Dublin, 1996); J. Ohlmeyer, ‘Scottish Peers in Seventeenth-Century Ireland’—I am grateful to Prof. Ohlmeyer for providing me with a copy of this paper prior to its publication in D. Edwards and M. Ó Siochrú, eds., Scots in Early Modern Ireland (Manchester, forthcoming). Note also The Irish in Europe Project, which may be consulted at www.irishineurope.com.

¹⁹ J. D. Mackie, A History of Scotland (Harmondsworth, 1964), 190; T. C. Smout, A History of the Scottish People, 1560–1830 (Bungay, Suffolk, 1969); T. M Devine, The Scottish Nation, 1700–2000 (London, 1999), xxi; T. M. Devine, Scotland’s Empire, 1600–1815 (London, 2003), 140–63.

²⁰ J. M. Hill, ‘The Scottish Plantations in Ulster to 1625: A Reinterpretation’, in Journal of British Studies, xxxii (1993), 24–43; Perceval-Maxwell, Scottish Migration, 252–89.

²¹ B. MacCuarta, Catholic Revival in the North of Ireland, 1603–41 (Dublin, 2007), 100–7; R. J. Hunter, The Plantation in Ulster in Strabane Barony, Co Tyrone, 1600–41 (Coleraine, 1982); J. Dooher and M. Kennedy, eds., The Fair River Valley: Strabane Through the Ages (Belfast, 2000), 57–80, 317–18; B. MacCuarta, ‘Catholic Revival in Kilmore Diocese, 1603–41’, in B. Scott, ed., Culture and Society in Early Modern Breifne/Cavan (Dublin, 2009), 168; D. Edwards, ‘A Haven of Popery: English Catholic Migration to Ireland in the Age of Plantations’, in A. Ford and J. MacCafferty, eds., The Origins of Sectarianism in Early Modern Ireland (Cambridge, 2005), 119.

²² Perceval-Maxwell, Scottish Migration, 284–5; R. Bell, ‘Sheep Stealers from the North of England: The Riding Clans in Ulster’, in History Ireland (1994), vol. 2, no. 4, 25–9.

²³ Connolly, Contested Island, 355–6.

²⁴ M. J. Westerkamp, Triumph of the Laity: Scots-Irish Piety and the Great Awakening, 1625–1760 (New York, 1988), 23–6.

²⁵ J. Bardon, A History of Ulster (Belfast, 1992), 132–4, provides a narrative account of events, whilst J. McCafferty, The Reconstruction of the Church of Ireland; Bishop Bramhall and the Laudian Reforms, 1633–1641 (Cambridge, 2007), fleshes out the broader context.

²⁶ M. Elliott, The Catholics of Ulster: A History (London, 2000), 128.

²⁷ See www.science.ulster.ac.uk/esri/Excavations-at-Dunluce-Castle.ntml.

²⁸ T. C. Smout, N. C. Landsman, and T. M. Devine, ‘Scottish Emigration in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries’, in N. Canny, ed., Europeans on the Move: Studies in European Migration, 1500–1800 (Oxford, 1994), 85.

²⁹ S. Murdoch, ‘The Scots and Ulster in the Seventeenth Century: A Scandinavian Perspective’, in W. Kelly and J. R. Young, eds., Ulster and Scotland, 1600–2000: History, Heritage and Identity (Dublin, 2004), 85–104; S. Murdoch, ‘Irish Entrepreneurs and Sweden in the First Half of the Eighteenth Century’, in T. O’Connor and M. A. Lyons, eds., Irish Communities in Early-Modern Europe (Dublin, 2006), 353.

³⁰ Devine, Scotland’s Empire, 23–4; Grosjean and Murdoch eds., Scottish Communities Abroad.

³¹ Canny, Making Ireland British, 211–12; M. O’Dowd, A History of Women in Ireland, 1500–1800 (Harlow, 2005), 94–6.

³² Ohlmeyer, ‘Scottish Peers in Seventeenth-Century Ireland’, in Edwards and Ó Siochrú, eds., Scots in Early Modern Ireland; Elliott, The Catholics of Ulster, 130–1; Robinson, The Plantation of Ulster, 186–8; O’Dowd, History of Women in Ireland, 94–6.

³³ O’Dowd, History of Women in Ireland, 96; C. Thomas, ‘The City of Londonderry: Demographic Trends and Socio-Economic Characteristics, 1650–1900’, in G. O’Brien, ed., Londonderry: History & Society (Dublin, 1999), 367–8.

³⁴ See www.1641.tcd.ie.

³⁵ Canny, Making Ireland British, 480; N. Canny, ‘The 1641 Depositions as a Source for the Writing of Social and Economic History: County Cork as a Case Study’, in P. O’Flanagan and C. Buttimer, eds., Cork: History & Society (Dublin, 1993), 249–308.

³⁶ J. R. Young, ‘Scotland and Ulster in the Seventeenth Century: The Movement of Peoples over the North Channel’, in W. Kelly and J. R. Young, eds., Ulster & Scotland, 1600–2000: History, Heritage and Identity (Dublin, 2004), 17–20.

³⁷ Canny, Making Ireland British, 562—3.

³⁸ A. Gailey, ‘The Scots Element in North Irish Popular Culture: Some Problems in the Interpretation of Historical Acculturation’, in Ethnologia Europa, vol. 8 (1975), 2–21; P. Adair, A True Narrative of the Rise and Progress of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland, 1623–70 (Belfast, 1886), 99.

³⁹ R. Gillespie, ‘The Presbyterian Revolution in Ulster, 1660–90’, in W. J. Sheils and D. Woods, eds., The Churches, Ireland and the Irish (Oxford, 1989), 159–60.

⁴⁰ R. F. G. Holmes, Our Presbyterian Heritage (Belfast, 1985), 37.

⁴¹ The Rev. Andrew Stewart, the source of the quotation, was born in County Antrim in the mid-1620s and ordained at Donaghadee, County Down, in 1646. In 1649 he fled to Scotland but returned in 1652; Dictionary of Irish Biography (Cambridge, 2009), vol. 9, 62–3; Smout, Landsman, and Devine, ‘Scottish Emigration in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries’, in Canny, ed., Europeans on the Move, 87; L. M. Cullen, ‘Population Trends in Seventeenth-Century Ireland’, in Economic and Social Review, 6 (1975), 154; R. A. Houston, The Population history of Britain and Ireland, 1500–1750 (Basingstoke, 1992), 62.

⁴² K. McKenny, ‘The Seventeenth-Century Land Settlement in Ireland: Towards a Statistical Interpretation’, in J. H. Ohlmeyer, ed., Ireland from Independence to Occupation, 1641–1660 (Cambridge, 1995), 198; W. MacAfee and V. Morgan, ‘Population in Ulster, 1660–1760’, in P. Roebuck, ed., Plantation to Partition: Essays in Ulster History in Honour of J. L. McCracken (Belfast, 1981), 47.

⁴³ J. Harrison, The Scot in Ulster: Sketch of the History of the Scottish Population of Ulster (Edinburgh, 1888), 79–80, 84.

⁴⁴ A. Clarke, Prelude to Restoration in Ireland: The End of the Commonwealth, 1659–1660 (Cambridge, 1999), 315; S. J. Connolly, Divided Kingdom: Ireland, 1630–1800 (Oxford, 2008), 140.

⁴⁵ MacAfee and Morgan, ‘Population in Ulster’, in Roebuck, ed., Plantation to Partition, 50–53; Cullen, ‘Population Trends in Seventeenth-Century Ireland’, 155.

⁴⁶ Young, ‘Scotland and Ulster in the Seventeenth Century’, in Kelly and Young, eds., Ulster and Scotland, 20–2; B. Vann, In Search of Ulster-Scots Land: The Birth and Geotheological Imaginings of a Transatlantic People, 1603–1703 (Columbia, 2008), 130–1; Roulston, Researching Scots-Irish Ancestors, 8.

⁴⁷ R. Gillespie, The Transformation of the Irish Economy, 1550–1700 (Dundalgen, 1991), 18; Young, ‘Scotland and Ulster in the Seventeenth Century’, in Kelly and Young, eds., Ulster and Scotland, 1600–2000, 24.

⁴⁸ R. Gillespie, Settlement and Survival on an Ulster Estate: The Brownlow Leasebook, 1667–1711 (Belfast, 1988), xviii; L. M. Cullen, The Emergence of Modern Ireland, 1600–1900 (London, 1981), 57, 87.

⁴⁹ MacAfee and Morgan, ‘Population in Ulster, 1660–1760’, in Roebuck, ed., Plantation to Partition, 58–9.

⁵⁰ Harrison, The Scot in Ulster: Sketch of the Scottish Population of Ulster, 87.

⁵¹ M. W. Flinn et al., Scottish Population History from the Seventeenth Century to the 1930s (Cambridge, 1977), 164–86; MacAfee and Morgan, ‘Population in Ulster, 1660–1760’, in Roebuck, ed., Plantation to Partition, 57–60.

⁵² K. J. Cullen, Famine in Scotland: The ‘Ill Years’ of the 1690s (Edinburgh, 2010), 157–86.

⁵³ P. Fitzgerald, “‘Black’ 47’”: Reconsidering Scottish Migration to Ireland in the Seventeenth Century and the Scotch-Irish in America’, in Kelly and Young, eds., Ulster and Scotland, 1600–2000, 71–84.

⁵⁴ P. Livingstone, The Monaghan Story (Enniskillen, 1980), 132.