¹ See Immanuel Kant, ‘What is Enlightenment?’, in Kant: Political Writings, ed. Hans Reiss (Cambridge, 1996), 54–60.

² William Robert Scott, Francis Hutcheson: His Life, Teaching and Position in the History of Philosophy (Cambridge, 1900), 265.

³ For the account focused on moral philosophy, political economy, and history see Hugh Trevor-Roper, ‘The Scottish Enlightenment’, Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, 58 (1967), 1,635–58, and John Robertson, ‘The Scottish Contribution to the Enlightenment’, in Paul Wood, ed., The Scottish Enlightenment: Essays in Reinterpretation (Rochester, NY, 2000), 37–62. For emphasis on the role of science, see Roger Emerson, ‘Science and the Origins and Concerns of the Scottish Enlightenment’, History of Science, 26 (1988), 333–66; C. W. J. Withers and P. Wood, eds., Science and Medicine in the Scottish Enlightenment (East Linton, 2002); and D. B. Wilson, Seeking Nature’s Logic: Natural Philosophy in the Scottish Enlightenment (Pennsylvania, 2009).

⁴ Alexander Broadie, A History of Scottish Philosophy, rev. edn. (Edinburgh, 2010), 47–86.

⁵ Alex Keller, ‘The Physical Nature of Man: Science, Medicine, Mathematics’, in John MacQueen, ed., Humanism in Renaissance Scotland (Edinburgh, 1990), 97–122.

⁶ David Stevenson, Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Scotland, 1644–51 (London, 1977), 235.

⁷ For detailed discussion of the Scottish Enlightenment see Alexander Broadie, ed., The Cambridge Companion to the Scottish Enlightenment (Cambridge, 2003).

⁸ Gershom Carmichael, Supplementa et observationes ad clarissimi viri Samuelis Pufendorfii libros duos De Officio Hominis et Civis (Glasgow, 1718).

⁹ Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, eds. D. D. Raphael and A. L. Macfie (Indianapolis, 1984), VII, ii, 3.3.

¹⁰ See Reid, An Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense (1764; critical edition ed. Derek R. Brookes, Edinburgh, 1997); Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man (1785; critical edition ed. Derek R. Brookes and Knud Haakonssen, Edinburgh, 2002); Essays on the Active Powers of Man (1788; critical edition, eds. Knud Haakonssen, James Harris, and Edinburgh, 2010).

¹¹ David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature, ed. P. H. Nidditch, 2nd edn. (Oxford, 1978), xv.

¹² For Hume’s scepticism regarding causality, the external world, and the senses, see his Treatise of Human Nature, ed. L. A. Selby-Bigge, 2nd edn., rev. P. H. Nidditch (Oxford, 1978), Book One. His doctrine that the virtue of justice is purely conventional is argued for in his Treatise, Book Three; and his alleged scepticism about the existence of God was thought to have been argued for in his Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, for which see Hume, Principal Writings on Religion including Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion and The Natural History of Religion, ed. J. C. A. Gaskin (Oxford, 1993).

¹³ David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, ed. Tom L. Beauchamp (Oxford, 1999), 150.

¹⁴ Dugald Stewart, Account of the Life and Writings of Adam Smith LLD, in Adam Smith, Essays on Philosophical Subjects, eds. W. P. D. Wightman and J. C. Bryce (Oxford, 1980), 293.

¹⁵ Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, eds. R. H. Campbell and A. S. Skinner (Indianapolis, 1982); Adam Smith, Lectures on Jurisprudence, eds. R. L. Meek, D. D. Raphael, and P. G. Stein (Indianapolis, 1982).

¹⁶ Thomas Hobbes, The Leviathan, ed. Richard Tuck (Cambridge, 1991), Book 1, ch. 13.

¹⁷ Adam Ferguson, An Essay on the History of Civil Society, ed. Fania Oz-Salzberger (Cambridge, 1995), 9.

¹⁸ A. L. Donovan, Philosophical Chemistry in the Scottish Enlightenment: The Doctrines and Discourses of William Cullen and Joseph Black (Edinburgh, 1975).

¹⁹ The 1785 Abstract of James Hutton’s Theory of the Earth, intr. G. Y. Craig (Edinburgh, 1987), 28.

²⁰ George Elder Davie, Ferrier and the Blackout of the Scottish Enlightenment (Edinburgh, 2003).

²¹ Michael Hunter, ‘“Aikenhead the atheist”: The Context and Consequences of Articulate Irreligion in the Late Seventeenth Century’, in Michael Hunter and David Wootton, eds., Atheism from the Reformation to the Enlightenment (Oxford, 1992), 221–54.

²² Davie, Ferrier.

²³ Cairns Craig, Intending Scotland: Explorations in Scottish Culture since the Enlightenment (Edinburgh, 2009), 84.

²⁴ See for example, ‘Six Characters of Critical Common-Sensism’, in Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, eds. Charles Hartshorne and Paul Weiss, vol. 5, Pragmatism and Pragmaticism (Cambridge, MA, 1934; reprint, Bristol, 1998), 293–305.

²⁵ See Charlene Haddock Siegfried, ‘The Philosopher’s “license”: William James and Common Sense’, Transactions of the Charles Sanders Peirce Society, 19 (1983), 273–90.

²⁶ Nicholas Wolterstorff, Thomas Reid and the Story of Epistemology (Cambridge, 2001).