1 Royal Commission on the Constitution, 1969–1973, vol. 1, Report (Cmnd. 5460) (Chairmen, Lord Crowther, Lord Kilbrandon), 75 (para 227), 76 (para 232).
2 W. Farr, ‘The Income and Property Tax’, Journal of the Statistical Society of London, vol. 16, no. 1 (March 1853), 4. Income tax was reintroduced in 1842.
3 T. M. Devine, ‘Imperial Scotland’, in T. M. Devine, ed., Scotland and the Union, 1707–2007 (Edinburgh, 2008), 112.
4 E. Breitenbach, Empire and Scottish Society: The Impact of Foreign Missions at Home, c.1800 to c.1914 (Edinburgh, 2009).
5 J. M. Mackenzie, ‘Essay and Reflection: On Scotland and the Empire’, The International History Review, vol. 15, no. 4 (November 1993), 732–9.
6 The West Australian, 25 August 1892, 4; Northern Territory Times and Gazette, 23 September 1892, 2, 3; The Queenslander, 10 September 1892, 499.
7 The Glasgow Herald, 10 June 1895, 6.
8 T. Napier, The Arrogance of Englishmen, a bar to Imperial Federation: Also Remarks on the Apathy of Scotsmen (Edinburgh, 1895), 4.
9 Napier, Arrogance of Englishmen, 3.
10 The New York Times, 26 January 1858.
11 J. Porter, The Scottish Chiefs (London, 1831), iii–iv.
12 G. Morton, ‘The Scottish Nation of Jane Porter in her International Setting’, in J. A. Campbell, E. Ewan, and H. Parker, eds., The Shaping of Scottish Identities: Family, Nation, and the Worlds Beyond (Guelph, 2011), 228–9.
13 T. Nairn, The Break-up of Britain (London, 1981), 148–69.
14 G. Morton, Unionist-Nationalism: Governing Urban Scotland, 1830–1860 (East Linton, 1999), 54–7.
15 W. Donaldson, Popular Fiction in Victorian Literature: Language, Fiction and the Press (Aberdeen, 1986).
16 History of Broughton Place United Presbyterian Church (Edinburgh, 1872), 305, 314.
17 C. Kidd, Union and Unionisms: Political Thought in Scotland, 1500–2000 (Cambridge, 2008), 19.
18 J. S. Mill, Principles of Political Economy (London, 1848), 25–6.
19 E. J. Hobsbawm, Industry and Empire (London, 1968), 233.
20 J. Mitchell, Governing Scotland: The Invention of Administrative Devolution (London, 2003), 12–13.
21 J. Mitchell, Strategies for Self-Government: The Campaigns for a Scottish Parliament (Edinburgh, 1996), 38–9.
22 S. Murdoch and J. R. Young, ‘Union and Identity: Scotland in a Social and International Context’, in Angles on the English-Speaking World, new series, vol. 7, ‘The State of the Union: Scotland, 1707–2007’, eds. J. Sevaldsen and J. Rahbek Rasmussen (Copenhagen, 2007), 35–6.
23 T. C. Smout, A Century of the Scottish People, 1830–1950 (London, 1986), 110.
24 D. G. Barrie, Police in the Age of Improvement: Police Development and the Civic Tradition in Scotland, 1775–1865 (Cullompton, 2008), 92, 106–9.
25 Qualification of Women (County and Town Councils) (Scotland) Act 1907 (c. 48).
26 Registration of Births, Deaths, and Marriages (Scotland) Act 1854 17 and 18, Vict., cap. 80.
27 G. Morton, ‘Identity out of Place’, in T. Griffiths and G. Morton, eds., A History of Everyday Life in Scotland, 1800–1900 (Edinburgh, 2010), 263–70, 279–80.
28 G. Morton and R. J. Morris, ‘Civil Society, Governance and Nation: 1832–1914’, in R. A. Houston and W. W. J. Knox, eds., The New Penguin History of Scotland: From the Earliest Times to the Present Day (London, 2001), 356–7, 380–9, 398ff.
29 S. K. Kehoe, Creating a Scottish Church: Catholicism, Gender and Ethnicity in Nineteenth-Century Scotland (Manchester, 2010), passim.
30 K. Kumar, ‘Civil Society Again: A Reply to Christopher Bryant’s “Social Self-Organization, Civility and Sociology”’, The British Journal of Sociology, vol. 45, no. 1 (March 1994), 130.
31 K. Kumar, The Making of English National Identity (Cambridge, 2003), 142, 147–9; C. Kidd, Subverting Scotland’s Past: Scottish Whig Historians and the Creation of an Anglo-British Identity, c.1689–c.1830 (Cambridge, 1993), 206–7, 214–15.
32 The Laws of Scotland. Stair Memorial Encyclopaedia (SME) Reissue. Local Government—Jean McFadden (Edinburgh, 1999), para vii, 11, para 10.
33 G. Pentland, Radicalism, Reform and National Identity in Scotland, 1820–1833 (Woodbridge, 2008).
34 Sinecure Offices Bill. HC Deb 4 May 1812, vol. 22, cc. 1,159–78.
35 Ibid., cc. 1,162.
36 Representation of Edinburgh. HC Deb 13 April 1826, vol. 15, cc. 163–91 (c. 170).
37 Ibid., cc. 188–9.
38 Anither New Sang (c.1830–1840).
39 The Loyal Reformers’ Gazette, 11 November 1831, 289. My thanks go to Mark Dorsey for this reference.
40 The Loyal Reformers’ Gazette, 24 March 1832, 273.
41 The Loyal Reformers’ Gazette, 7 April 1832, 309.
42 ‘The Reform Ministry and the Reformed Parliament’, in The Edinburgh Review, 5th ed. (London, 1833), vol. 8.
43 General Election. Address of the Scottish Reformation to the Electors of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1852), 1–2.
44 I. G. C. Hutchison, ‘Anglo-Scottish Political Relations in the Nineteenth Century, c.1815–1914’, in T. C. Smout, ed., Anglo-Scottish Relations from 1603 to 1900 (London, 2005), 261–2.
45 S. J. Brown and M. Fry, eds., Scotland in the Age of the Disruption (Edinburgh, 1993).
46 Mackenzie, ‘On Scotland and the Empire’, 727.
47 The Southern Cross, 31 August 1844, 4.
48 G. Shepperson, ‘The Free Church and American Slavery’, The Scottish Historical Review, vol. 30, no. 110, Part 2 (October 1951), 126.
49 M. S. Millar, ‘Montgomerie, Archibald William, thirteenth earl of Eglinton and first earl of Winton (1812–1861)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford, 2004).
50 ‘Address to the People’ (Edinburgh, 1855), 8–18.
51 ‘A North Briton’s Reply to Lord Palmerston’, in A Tract for the Times. Scottish Rights and Honour Vindicated, in letters to Viscount Palmerston, ‘The Times’, and ‘Caledonian Mercury’ (Glasgow, 1854), 29; Red Lion [John Grant sen.], Scotland and ‘The Times’ (Edinburgh, 1853).
52 Morton, Unionist-Nationalism, 133–54 (quotation at p. 150, original emphasis).
53 L. Paterson, The Autonomy of Modern Scotland (Edinburgh, 1994), 65.
54 Convention of Royal Burghs of Scotland. The National Meeting in Favour of the Creation of a Separate Department of State for Scotland Held Within the Free Assembly Hall, Edinburgh, On 16th January 1884 (Edinburgh, 1900).
55 Ibid., 24.
56 Government of Ireland Bill, Introduced into the House by Gladstone on 7 June 1886.
57 Adjourned Debate. HC Deb 19 February 1890, vol. 341, cc. 677–724.
58 Gladstone’s debate on Home Rule from House of Commons, 19 December 1893, vol. 19.
59 HC Deb 19 February 1890, vol. 341, cc. 677–724 (678).
60 Ibid. (679).
61 HC Deb 19 February 1890, vol. 341, cc. 677–724 (682).
62 ‘Is Scotland to get Home Rule?’ (c.1870–1890).
63 A. P. Cohen, ‘Personal Nationalism: A Scottish View of Some Rites, Rights, and Wrongs’, American Ethnologist, 23, 4 (1996), 803.
64 H. J. Hanham, Scottish Nationalism (London, 1969); N. T. Phillipson, ‘Nationalism and Ideology’, in J. N. Wolfe, ed., Government and Nationalism in Scotland (Edinburgh, 1969); C. Harvie, Scotland and Nationalism (London, 1977; 4th edn., 2004).
65 G. C. Boase, ‘McLaren, Duncan (1800–1886)’, rev. H. C. G. Matthew, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford, 2004).
66 J. B. Mackie, The Life and Work of Duncan McLaren, 2 vols. (London, 1888), vol. ii, 59, 61, 118–19.
67 Mackie, Duncan McLaren, vol. ii, 122; Mitchell, Governing Scotland, 21.
68 Mackie, Duncan McLaren, vol. ii, 123–4, 128–9.
69 Mackie, Duncan McLaren, vol. ii, 132–3.