¹ Iain McLean and Alistair McMillan, State of the Union: Unionism and the Alternatives in the United Kingdom since 1707 (Oxford, 2005), 122–34; Iain McLean, What’s Wrong with the British Constitution? (Oxford, 2010), 142–7.

² So labelled by The Manchester Guardian, leader, 24 March 1914.

³ S. J. Brown, ‘Outside the Covenant: The Scottish Presbyterian Churches and Irish Immigration, 1922–38’, Innes Review, 42 (1991) 19–45.

⁴ T. M. Devine, The Scottish Nation 1700–2000 (London, 1999), e.g. at 308; and his Scotland’s Empire 1600–1815 (London, 2003), passim.

⁵ D. W. Crowley, ‘The “Crofters’ Party”, 1885–1892’, Scottish Historical Review, 35 (1956), 110–26; Ewen A. Cameron, Land for the People? The British Government and the Scottish Highlands, c. 1880–1925 (East Linton, 1996), 10–12, 56–9.

⁶ J. R. MacDonald to J. K. Hardie, 1888 (exact date not given in source). In W. Stewart, J. Keir Hardie: A Biography (London, 1921), 40.

⁷ Rosalind Mitchison, ‘Materials for the Study of Scottish History’, in A History of Scotland (London, 1970), 430–42; Colin Kidd, Subverting Scotland’s Past: Scottish Whig Historians and the Creation of an Anglo-British Identity, 1689-c.1830 (Cambridge, 1993); his ‘William Wallace, Unionist’ [a review of McLean and McMillan, State of the Union], The London Review of Books, 28, no. 6 (23 March 2006), 17–18; and his Union and Unionisms: Political Thought in Scotland, 1500–2000 (Cambridge, 2008). I assume that ‘William Wallace, Unionist’ is a mischievous subeditor’s headline: nothing in the review warrants the claim.

⁸ Sir Walter Scott, The Letters of Malachi Malagrowther, ed. P. H. Scott (Edinburgh, 1981). Originally published in 1826.

⁹ A. Rodger (Lord Rodger of Earlsferry), The Courts, the Church, and the Constitution: Aspects of the Disruption of 1843 (Edinburgh, 2008); McLean, What’s Wrong?, 309–10.

¹⁰ Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons, 9 May 1924: http://hansard.millbanksystems.com (accessed 19 May 2010).

¹¹ W. J. Braithwaite, Lloyd George’s Ambulance Wagon: Being the Memoirs of William J. Braithwaite 1911–1912, ed. by H. Bunbury (London, 1957), 148.

¹² James Mitchell, Governing Scotland: The Invention of Administrative Devolution, (Basingstoke, 2003), 149–81; Iain McLean, The Fiscal Crisis of the United Kingdom (Basingstoke, 2005), 45–61.

¹³ James J. Smyth, ‘Buchanan, George (1890–1955)’, in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, edited by H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison (Oxford, 2006). Online edn., ed. Lawrence Goldman. http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/32147 (accessed 27 December 2009).

¹⁴ Gordon F. Millar, ‘Elliot, Walter Elliot (1888–1958),’ in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, ed. H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison (Oxford, 2004). Online edn., ed. Lawrence Goldman, January 2008, http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33003 (accessed 19 May 2010); Graham Walker, Thomas Johnston (Manchester, 1989), 176; Thomas Johnston, Our Scots Noble Families, with preface by J. Ramsay MacDonald, 12th edn. (Glasgow, 1925). Originally published in 1909.

¹⁵ When the Unionists won thirty-six of the seventy-one Scottish seats and a plurality of the vote. David and Gareth Butler, British Political Facts 1900–1994 (Basingstoke, 1994), 216.

¹⁶ ORC report, Conservative Party Archives, CA CCO 180/29/1/2, 4, cited by I. McLean and A. McMillan, ‘How We Got Here’, in J. Curtice and B. Seyd ed., Has Devolution Worked? The Verdict from Policy Makers and the Public (Manchester, 2009), 17–43, at 21.

¹⁷ McLean and McMillan, State of the Union, 159–70.

¹⁸ Royal Commission on the Constitution 1969–1973, Report, vol. I (HMSO: Cmnd 5460/1973).

¹⁹ McLean and McMillan, ‘How We Got Here’; the ultimate source was the author’s observations as the committee vice-chair, later chair, on the Tyne & Wear Metropolitan County Council, 1973–9.

²⁰ Curtice and Seyd, Has Devolution Worked?, Table 5.1.

²¹ D. Butler, A. Adonis, and T. Travers, Failure in British Government: The Politics of the Poll Tax (Oxford, 1994), 85–136.

²² Claim of Right Act 1689, Acts of the Parliament of Scotland, ix, 38, c.28, at http://www.rps.ac.uk/trans/1689/3/108 (accessed 19 May 2010).

²³ C. S. Parker, Life and Letters of Sir James Graham, 1792–1861, 2 vols. (London, 1907), vol. 1, 389.

²⁴ Scotland’s Parliament Scotland’s Right: Report of the Scottish Constitutional Convention (Edinburgh, 1995), at http://www.almac.co.uk/business_park/scc/scc-rep.htm (accessed 19 May 2010).

²⁵ Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons, 6 May 1998: http://hansard.millbanksystems.com (accessed 19 May 2010).

²⁶ Iain McLean, ‘Dewar, Donald Campbell (1937–2000)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, eds. H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison (Oxford, 2008), Online edn., ed. Lawrence Goldman, http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/74700 (accessed 28 December 2009) (source of quotation); Wendy Alexander, ed., Donald Dewar: Scotland’s first First Minister (Edinburgh, 2005).

²⁷ Calman, Sir Kenneth (chair) (2009). Serving Scotland Better: Scotland and the United Kingdom in the 21st Century. The Final Report of the Commission on Scottish Devolution is at http://www.commissiononscottishdevolution.org.uk/uploads/2009-06-12-csd-final-report-2009fbookmarked.pdf (accessed 28 December 2009).

²⁸ Calman Report, 4.28.

²⁹ Calman Report, Glossary.

³⁰ Calman Report, 1.162 and 4.88.

³¹ Tam Dalyell, Devolution: The End of Britain? (London, 1977). Dalyell continued to pose it for the rest of his career, e.g. in Parliamentary Debates, 14 November 1977: http://hansard.millbanksystems.com (accessed 19 May 2010).

³² Butler et al., Failure in British Government, 129.

³³ Carried by a majority in the Union Parliament, although the Scots MPs divided 14–13 against. Edinburgh, National Library of Scotland [NLS], Wodrow MSS, Wodrow Lett. Qu. VI f.65.

³⁴ Conservative Party, Invitation to Join the Government of Britain (London, 2010), 84.

³⁵ Curtice and Seyd, Has Devolution Worked?, Table 6.11.

³⁶ Report of the Democracy Task Force July 2008, see ‘Tories Consider MP Voting Changes’ at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7481906.stm (accessed 21 April 2010). It proposed that non-English MPs should be barred from voting only at the Committee stages of an England-only bill, and not formally prohibited from voting at the Second or Third Reading. At the Third Reading, however, they would be unable to undo changes agreed at Committee stage.

³⁷ Scottish Government, Government Expenditure and Revenue Scotland 2007–2008 (Edinburgh, 2009), Tables 4.1 and 6.1: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/276248/0082927.pdf (accessed 21 April 2010).

³⁸ HM Treasury, Needs Assessment Study—Report (London, 1979); McLean, Fiscal Crisis, Table 4.2.

³⁹ ICFFW (Independent Commission on Funding & Finance for Wales, 2009). Working Paper: Replacing Barnett with a Needs-Based Formula. Cardiff: ICFFW: http://wales.gov.uk/docs/icffw/news/091204needsworkingpaperen.pdf (accessed 21 April 2010).

⁴⁰ But see McLean, Fiscal Crisis, 87–92; Iain McLean, Guy Lodge, and Katie Schmuecker, Fair Shares? Barnett and the Politics of Public Expenditure (London/Newcastle, 2008), Box 3.1.

⁴¹ Invitation to Join, 83; Labour Party, A Future Fair to All (London, 2010), 94: http://www.labour.org.uk/manifesto (accessed 19 May 2010). Liberal Democrats, Liberal Democrat Manifesto 2010 (London, 2010), 92: http://network.libdems.org.uk/manifesto2010/libdem_manifesto_2010.pdf (accessed 21 April 2010). Scottish National Party, Elect a Local Champion: Manifesto 2010 (Edinburgh, 2010), 17: http://www.snp.org/manifestos/westminster/2010 (accessed 21 April 2010).

⁴² Independent Expert Group (IEG). First Evidence from the Independent Expert Group to the Commission on Scottish Devolution (Edinburgh, 2008).

⁴³ Kidd, Subverting Scotland’s Past; Kidd, Union and Unionisms; ‘William Wallace, Unionist’.

⁴⁴ Dalyell, End of Britain?, 305–7.

⁴⁵ Iain McLean, ‘Scotland: Towards Quebec—or Slovakia?’, Regional Studies, 35 (2001), 637–44; Neal Ascherson, ‘Future of an Unloved Union’, in T. M. Devine, ed, Scotland and the Union 1707–2007 (Edinburgh, 2008), 228–39, at 237–9.

⁴⁶ Conservative Liberal Democrat Coalition Negotiations: Agreements Reached 11 May 2010: http://www.conservatives.com/News/News_stories/2010/05/Coalition_Agreement_published.aspx (accessed 19 May 2010).