¹ I am grateful to Gavin McCrone for commenting on an earlier draft.

² Throughout this chapter industrial employment is defined to include mining, quarrying, oil and gas extraction, and electricity, gas, and water utilities as well as manufacturing.

³ Christopher Harvie, No Gods and Precious Few Heroes: Twentieth-Century Scotland, 3rd edn. (Edinburgh, 1998), 164.

⁴ Frank Blackaby, ed., De-industrialisation (London, 1979).

⁵ Robert Rowthorn and Ramana Ramaswamy, ‘Deindustrialisation: Causes and Implications’, in Staff Studies for the World Economic Outlook (Washington, DC, 1997), 61–77.

⁶ C. H. Lee, Scotland and the United Kingdom: The Economy and the Union in the Twentieth Century (Manchester, 1995), 52–7.

⁷ John McLaren, ‘Scotland’s Improving Economic Performance: A Long-Term Comparative Study’, in Fraser of Allander, Quarterly Economic Commentary, 28, no. 2 (2003), 42–8.

⁸ A. K. Cairncross, ed., The Scottish Economy: A Statistical Account of Scottish Life (Cambridge, 1954).

⁹ Scottish Council (Development and Industry), Inquiry into the Scottish Economy, 1960–61 (1961).

¹⁰ William Pike, ‘The Development of the North Sea Oil Industry to 1989, with Special Reference to Scotland’s Contribution’ (PhD thesis, Aberdeen University, 1991), 263, and ‘The Oil Price Crisis and its Impact on Scottish North Sea Development, 1986–1988’, Scottish Economic and Social History, 13 (1993), 56–71. Pending publication of Alex Kemp, The Official History of North Sea Oil and Gas, the best general account is Christopher Harvie, Fool’s Gold: The Story of North Sea Oil (London, 1994), which has been described by its author as ‘an interim and necessarily somewhat journalistic account’—‘The Development of North Sea Oil and Gas’, witness seminar held on 11 December 1999 (Institute of Contemporary British History, 2002, www.icbh.ac.uk/witness/northsea), 37.

¹¹ Sam McKinstry, ‘Transforming John Brown’s Shipyard: The Drilling Rig and Offshore Fabrication Businesses of Marathon and UIE, 1972–1997’, Scottish Economic and Social History, 18 (1998), 33–60.

¹² William Ashworth, The History of the British Coal Industry, vol. 5: The Nationalized Industry (Oxford, 1986), 236–7, 330–1, 381–2, 414–16.

¹³ Jim Phillips, ‘Workplace Conflict and the Origins of the 1984–85 Miners’ Strike in Scotland’, Twentieth Century British History, 20 (2009), 152–72.

¹⁴ Alison Gilmour, ‘The Trouble with Linwood: Compliance and Coercion in the Car Plant, 1963–1981’, Journal of Scottish Historical Studies, 27 (2007), 75–93; Jim Phillips, The Industrial Politics of Devolution: Scotland in the 1960s and 1970s (Manchester, 2008), 13–15, 27–35, 41–4, 169, 180–1.

¹⁵ Peter Payne, Colvilles and the Scottish Steel Industry (Oxford, 1979), 374–83, 393–405, 424.

¹⁶ David Stewart, ‘Fighting for Survival: The 1980s Campaign to Save Ravenscraig Steelworks’, Journal of Scottish Historical Studies, 25 (2005), 40–57.

¹⁷ Jim Tomlinson, ‘Influencing Government’, in Jim Tomlinson, Carlo Morelli, and Valerie Wright, eds., The Decline of Jute: Managing Industrial Change (London, 2011), 119–34; Christopher Whatley, Onwards from Osnaburgs: The Rise and Progress of a Scottish Textile Company, Don and Low of Forfar 1792–1992 (Edinburgh, 1992), 259–64.

¹⁸ Gavin McCrone, ‘European Challenges to Scotland’, Scotland Europa Centre, paper no. 7 (Brussels, 1996), 20–1.

¹⁹ Cmnd. 8472.

²⁰ Richard Saville, Bank of Scotland: A History 1695–1995 (Edinburgh, 1996), 812–13.

²¹ The official statistics for employment in health and social work do not distinguish between public and private sector, but most is in the public sector.

²² David Newlands, ‘The Regional Economies of Scotland’, in Thomas Devine, Clive Lee, and George Peden, eds., The Transformation of Scotland: The Economy since 1700 (Edinburgh, 2005), 160–1.

²³ S. G. Checkland, The Upas Tree: Glasgow 1875–1975 (Glasgow, 1976), 48.

²⁴ David Newlands, ‘The Oil Economy’, in W. Hamish Fraser and Clive Lee, eds., Aberdeen 1800–2000 (East Linton, 2000), 126–52; Jim Tomlinson, ‘The Deglobalisation of Dundee, c.1900–2000’, Journal of Scottish Historical Studies, 29 (2009), 123–40.

²⁵ Alastair Durie, Scotland for the Holidays: Tourism in Scotland c.1780–1939 (East Linton, 2003).