^* I am grateful to Michael Anderson, Lindsay Paterson, and the anonymous referees for their helpful comments.

¹ That is, how long someone born in 2008 might expect to live, assuming unchanged conditions.

² V. Carstairs and R. Morris, ‘Deprivation: Explaining Differences Between Scotland and England and Wales’, British Medical Journal, 299 (1989), 886–9.

³ General Register Office for Scotland, Scotland’s Population 2009. Hereafter, Glasgow City will be referred to as ‘Glasgow’ to distinguish it from the conurbation conventionally referred to as Greater Glasgow.

⁴ In this period Edinburgh grew by 5.7 per cent, largely as a result of net inward migration (GRoS, 2009: table 1.1, p. 20).

⁵ L. Paterson, F. Bechhofer, and D. McCrone, Living in Scotland: Social and Economic Change since 1980 (Edinburgh, 2004).

⁶ Founded in 1914, The Sunday Post had a circulation of more than a million in the post-Second World War period, before suffering a sharp decline in the past thirty years.

⁷ Strictly speaking, those in fourth year at secondary school; see Paterson, Bechhofer, and McCrone, Living in Scotland, 32.

⁸ Ibid., 35.

⁹ A Smart, Successful Scotland, http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/158455/0042945.pdf (p. 13). The Fresh Talent: Working in Scotland Scheme was launched in June 2005.

¹⁰ For an account of contrasting images of Scotland, see Andrew Blaikie’s The Scots Imagination and Modern Memory (Edinburgh, 2010).

¹¹ Quoted in Jeremy Idle, ‘McIlvanney, Masculinity and Scottish Literature’, Scottish Affairs, 2 (1993) 56.

¹² See the interest in local histories and cultural forms, especially language and patois, and the personification of cities in the works of, for example, Leslie Mitchell (‘Lewis Grassic Gibbon’), Hugh MacDiarmid, and Alistair Gray.

¹³ Scottish Government, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2009 Report, October 2009 (www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/SIMD/): accessed 10 December 2009.

¹⁴ Health and Well-Being Profiles, Scottish Population Health Observatory (Glasgow, 2008).

¹⁵ A. Brown, D. McCrone, L. Paterson, and P. Surridge, The Scottish Electorate: The 1997 General Election and Beyond (Basingstoke, 1999).

¹⁶ A. Park et al., British Social Attitudes: The 24th Report (London, 2008), 259–78.

¹⁷ Paterson, Bechhofer, and McCrone, Living in Scotland, 87.

¹⁸ J. Sutherland, ‘Occupational Change in Scotland, 2001–8’, Scottish Affairs, 69 (2009), 93–121.

¹⁹ Paterson, Bechhofer, and McCrone, Living in Scotland, 98–101.

²⁰ In 2003, 42 per cent so described themselves; see Paterson, Bechhofer, and McCrone, Living in Scotland, 99.

²¹ To compare women with their fathers and not their mothers reflects the fact that far fewer women were in the paid labour market in the older generation.

²² Social classes I and II are mainly professionals, managers, large proprietors, and officials.

²³ C. Iannelli and L. Paterson, ‘Social Mobility in Scotland since the Middle of the Twentieth Century’, The Sociological Review, 54(3) (2006).

²⁴ In other words, unskilled manual labour unable to acquire educational and technical skills to be upwardly mobile rather than an employer operating a ‘no Catholics’ policy.

²⁵ See F. Bechhofer and D. McCrone, ‘Being Scottish’, in Frank Bechhofer and David McCrone, eds., National Identity, Nationalism and Constitutional Change (London, 2009).

²⁶ ‘Native’ here refers to people born and currently living in Scotland.

²⁷ See Bechhofer and McCrone, ‘Being Scottish’, 72.

²⁸ A. Hussain and W. Miller, Multicultural Nationalism (Oxford, 2006).

²⁹ T. C. Smout, ‘Perspectives on Scottish Identity’, Scottish Affairs, 6 (1994), 107.

³⁰ D. McCrone, ‘Conundrums and Contradictions: What Scotland Wants’, in Charlie Jeffery and James Mitchell, eds., The Scottish Parliament 1999–2009: The First Decade (Edinburgh, 2009).

³¹ A. Park and D. McCrone, ‘The Devolution Conundrum?’, in Catherine Bromley et al., Has Devolution Delivered? (Edinburgh, 2006).

³² A. Heath, R. Jowell, and J. Curtice, The Rise of New Labour: Party Policies and Voter Choices (Oxford, 2001).

³³ J. Curtice, D. McCrone, N. McEwen, M. Marsh, and R. Ormston, Revolution or Evolution? The 2007 Scottish Elections (Edinburgh, 2009).

³⁴ M. Rosie and R. Bond, ‘Social Democratic Scotland?’, in Michael Keating, ed., Scottish Social Democracy: Progressive Ideas for Public Policy (Oxford, 2005).

³⁵ Scotland’s People, Annual Report: Results from 2007/2008 Scottish Household Survey (www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/16002) (Edinburgh, 2008): accessed 10 December 2008.

³⁶ The Scottish Government, Scottish Household Survey (Edinburgh, 2008).