Abbreviations

Commentaries, Monographs, Journals, Periodicals, Major Reference Works, and Series

AASF	Annales academiae scientiarum fennicae
AAT	Ägypten und Altes Testament: Studien zu Geschichte, Kultur und Religion Ägyptens und des Alten Testaments
AB	Anchor Bible
ABD	Anchor Bible Dictionary. Ed. D. N. Freedman. 6 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1992.
AbrN	Abr-Nahrain
AcOr	Acta orientalia
Aistleitner	Aistleitner, J. Wörterbuch der ugaritischen Sprache. Berlin: Akademie, 1963.
AJBI	Annual of the Japanese Biblical Institute
AJSL	American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literature
Alden	Alden, R. L. Job. NAC 11. Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 1993.
Alonso Schökel	Alonso Schökel, L., and J. L. Sicre Díaz. Job, comentario teológico y literario. Madrid: Cristiandad, 1983.
ALUOS	Annual of Leeds University Oriental Society
ALUOSSup	ALUOS Supplements
AnBib	Analecta biblica
Andersen	Andersen, F. I. Job: An Introduction and Commentary. TOTC. Leicester: Inter-Varsity Press, 1976.
ANEP	The Ancient Near East in Pictures Relating to the Old Testament. Ed. J. B. Pritchard. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1954.
ANET	Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. Ed. J. B. Pritchard. 3d ed. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1969.
AnOr	Analecta orientalia
AOAT	Alter Orient und Altes Testament
AS	Alonso Schökel, L. Diccionario bíblico hebreo-español. Madrid: Trotta, 1994.
ASTI	Annual of the Swedish Theological Institute
ATD	Das Alte Testament Deutsch
Aug	Augustinianum
AzTh	Arbeiten zur Theologie
Ball	Ball, C. J. The Book of Job: A Revised Text and Version. Oxford: Clarendon, 1922.
Barr, Comparative Philology	Barr, J. Comparative Philology and the Text of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon, 1968.
BAT	Die Botschaft des Alten Testaments
Bauer-Leander	Bauer, H., and P. Leander. Historische Grammatik der hebräischen Spraches des Alten Testaments. Halle: Niemeyer, 1922.
BBB	Bonner biblische Beiträge
BDB	Brown, F., S. R. Driver, and C. A. Briggs. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon, 1907.
BEATAJ	Beiträge zur Erforschung des Alten Testaments und des antiken Judentum
Beer, BH 2	Beer, G. Textual notes to Job in Biblia Hebraica. Ed. R. Kittel. 2d ed. Stuttgart: Württemburgische Bibelanstalt, 1909. 1062–1112 [only mentioned when it differs from BHK].
Beer, BHK	Beer, G. Textual notes to Job in BHK 3. 1105–54.
Beer, Text	Beer, G. Der Text des Buches Hiob. 2 vols. Marburg: Elwert, 1895–97.
BeO	Bibbia e oriente
BETL	Bibliotheca ephemeridum theologicarum lovaniensium
BHK	Biblia Hebraica. Ed. R. Kittel. 3d ed. Stuttgart: Württemburgische Bibelanstalt, 1937.
BHS	Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Ed. K. Elliger and W. Rudolph. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelstiftung, 1966–67.
Bib	Biblica
BiBh	Bible Bhashyam
BibOr	Biblica et orientalia
BibS	Biblische Studien
BibSem	The Biblical Seminar
Bickell	Bickell, G. “Kritische Bearbeitung des Iobdialogs.” WZKM 6 (1892) 136–47, 241–57, 327–34; 7 (1893) 1–20, 153–68.
Bickell2	Bickell, G. Carmina Veteris Testamenti metrice: Notas criticas et dissertationem de re metrica Hebraeorum adjecit. Innsbruck: Libraria Academica Wagneriana, 1882. 151–87.
Bickell3	Bickell, G. Das Buch Job nach Anleitung der Strophik und der Septuaginta auf seine ursprüngliche Form zurückgeführt und in Versmasse des Urtextes übersetzt. Vienna: Carl Gerold’s Sohn, 1894.
Bijdr	Bijdragen: Tijdschrift voor filosofie en theologie
BIJS	Bulletin of the Institute of Jewish Studies
BKAT	Biblischer Kommentar, Altes Testament. Ed. M. Noth and H. W. Wolff.
Bleeker	Bleeker, L. H. K. Job. Tekste en uitleg: Praktische bibelverklaring. Groningen: Wolters, 1935.
Blommerde	Blommerde, A. C. M. Northwest Semitic Grammar and Job. Biblica et Orientalia 22. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1969.
BMik	Beth Mikra
BN	Biblische Notizen
Böttcher	Böttcher, F. Neue exegetisch-kritische Aehrenlese zum Alten Testamente. Leipzig: Barth, 1863–65.
BR	Biblical Research
Brockelmann	Brockelmann, C. Lexicon Syriacum. 2d ed. Halle: Niemeyer, 1928.
Brockington	Brockington, L. H. The Hebrew Text of the Old Testament: The Readings Adopted by the Translators of the New English Bible. Oxford: Clarendon, 1973.
BSac	Bibliotheca sacra
BSOAS	Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
BT	The Bible Translator
BTB	Biblical Theology Bulletin
Budde	Budde, K. Das Buch Hiob übersetzt und erklärt. HAT 2/1. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1896.
Budde2	Budde, K. Das Buch Hiob übersetzt und erklärt. 2d ed. HAT 2/1. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1913.
Buttenwieser	Buttenwieser, M. The Book of Job. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1922.
Buxtorf	Buxtorf, J. Lexicon Hebraicum et Chaldaicum: complectens omnes voces tam primas quàm derivatas, quae in sacris Bibliis, Hebraeâ, et ex parte Caldaeâ linguâ scriptis extant . . . Accessit lexicon breve rabbinico-philosophicum. Basel: J. L. König and J. Brandmüller, 1689. Originally published as Epitome radicum Hebraicarum et Chaldaicarum (Basel: Waldkirch, 1607).
BWANT	Beiträge zur Wissenschaft vom Alten und Neuen Testament
BZ	Biblische Zeitschrift
BZAW	Beihefte zur ZAW
CAD	[Chicago Assyrian Dictionary] The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago: Oriental Institute, 1956–.
CamB	Cambridge Bible
Carey	Carey, C. P. The Book of Job Translated . . . on the Basis of the Authorized Version, Explained in a Large Body of Notes . . . and Illustrated by Extracts from Various Works. London: Wertheim, Macintosh, & Hunt, 1858.
CB	Century Bible
CB	Cultura bíblica
CBC	Cambridge Bible Commentary
CBQ	Catholic Biblical Quarterly
CBQMS	CBQ Monograph Series
Ceresko	Ceresko, A. R. Job 29–31 in the Light of Northwest Semitic: A Translation and Philological Commentary. BibOr 36. Rome: Biblical Institute Press, 1980.
CJT	Canadian Journal of Theology
CML	Driver, G. R. Canaanite Myths and Legends. Old Testament Studies 3. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1956.
CML2	Gibson, J. C. L. Canaanite Myths and Legends. 2d ed. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1978.
Cocceius	Cocceius, J. Commentarius in librum Ijobi. Franeker, 1644.
Cohen	Cohen, H. R. (C.). Biblical Hapax Legomena in the Light of Akkadian and Ugaritic. SBLDS 37. Missoula, MT: Scholars Press, 1978.
ColcTFu	Collectanea Theologica Universitatis Fujen
Coverdale	Coverdale, M. Biblia: The Bible, that is, the Holy Scripture of the Olde and New Testament, Faithfully and Truly Translated out of Douche and Latyn in to Englishe. Cologne [?]: Cervicornus & Soter [?], 1535.
Cox	Cox, S. A. A Commentary on the Book of Job, with a Translation. London: Kegan, Paul, 1880.
CTA	Corpus des tablettes en cunéiformes alphabétiques découvertes à Ras Shamra-Ugarit. Ed. A. Herdner. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1963.
CTM	Concordia Theological Monthly
CurTM	Currents in Theology and Mission
Dahood, Psalms I	Dahood, M. Psalms I: 1–50. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1966.
Dahood, Psalms II	Dahood, M. Psalms II: 51–100. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1968.
Dahood, Psalms III	Dahood, M. Psalms III: 101–150. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1970.
Dalman	Dalman, G. H. Aramäisch-neuhebräisches Handwörterbuch zu Targum, Talmud und Midrasch. 2d ed. Frankfurt a.M.: Kauffmann, 1922.
Dalman, Arbeit und Sitte	Dalman, G. Arbeit und Sitte in Palästina. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann, 1928–42.
Dathe	Dathe, J. A. Jobus, Proverbia Salomonis, Ecclesiastes, Canticum Canticorum ex recensione textus hebraei et versionum antiquarum latine versi notisque philologicis et criticis illustrati. Halle: Sumtibus Orphanotrophei, 1789. 1–221.
Davidson	Davidson, A. B. The Book of Job with Notes, Introduction and Appendix. CamB. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1884.
Davidson-Lanchester	Davidson, A. B. The Book of Job with Notes, Introduction and Appendix, Adapted to the Text of the Revised Version with Some Supplementary Notes by H. C. O. Lanchester. CamB. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1918.
DB	Dictionnaire de la Bible. Ed. F. Vigouroux. 5 vols. Paris: Letouzey & Ané, 1895–1912.
DCH	The Dictionary of Classical Hebrew. Ed. D. J. A. Clines. 5 vols. to date. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1993–.
DD	Dor le-Dor
DDD	Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible. Ed. K. van der Toorn, B. Becking, and P. W. van der Horst. 2d ed. Leiden: Brill, 1999.
Delitzsch	Delitzsch, Franz J. Biblical Commentary on the Book of Job. Trans. F. Bolton. 2 vols. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1866.
Delitzsch, Friedrich	Delitzsch, Friedrich. Das Buch Hiob, neu übersetzt und kurz erklärt. Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1902.
Dhorme	Dhorme, E. A Commentary on the Book of Job. Trans. by H. Knight. London: Nelson, 1967. Originally published as Le livre de Job (Paris: Gabalda, 1926).
Dillmann	Dillmann, A. Hiob. Leipzig: Hirzel, 18693, 18914.
DissAb	Dissertation Abstracts
Doederlein	Doederlein, J. C. Scholia in libros Veteris Testamenti poeticos Jobum, Psalmos et tres Salomonis. Halle: Curt, 1779.
Dozy	Dozy, R. Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes. 2 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1881.
Driver	Driver, S. R. The Book of Job in the Revised Version. Oxford: Clarendon, 1908.
Driver-Gray	Driver, S. R., and G. B. Gray. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Job together with a New Translation. ICC. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1921.
Driver, Tenses	Driver, S. R. A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew and Some Other Syntactical Questions. 2d ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1881.
Duhm	Duhm, B. Das Buch Hiob erklärt. KHC. Tübingen: Mohr, 1897.
DUL	Olmo Lete, G. del, and J. Sanmartín. A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition. 2d ed. Leiden: Brill, 2004.
EB	Encyclopaedia Biblica. 4 vols. Ed. T. K. Cheyne and J. Black. London: Black, 1899–1903.
EdF	Erträge der Forschung
Ehrlich	Ehrlich, A. B. Randglossen zur hebräischen Bibel. Vol. 6, Psalmen, Sprüche, und Hiob. Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1918.
Eitan	Eitan, I. A Contribution to Biblical Lexicography. New York: Columbia UP, 1924.
Elberfelder	Die Heilige Schrift aus dem Grundtext übersetzt. 2d ed. Wuppertal: Brockhaus, 1988.
Enc	Encounter (Indianapolis)
EphLtg	Ephemerides liturgicae
ErIsr	Eretz-Israel
EstBíb	Estudios bíblicos
EstEcl	Estudios eclesiásticos
ETL	Ephemerides theologicae lovanienses
EvQ	Evangelical Quarterly
EvTh	Evangelische Theologie
Ewald	Ewald, G. H. A. von. Commentary on the Book of Job. Trans. J. F. Smith. London: Williams and Norgate, 1882.
ExpTim	Expository Times
FAT	Forschungen zum Alten Testament
Fedrizzi	Fedrizzi, P. Giobbe: La Sacra Bibbia, traduta dai testi originali illustrata con note critiche e commentata. Turin: Marietti, 1972.
FF	Forschungen und Fortschritte
Fohrer	Fohrer, G. Das Buch Hiob. KAT 16. Gütersloh: Mohn, 1963.
FOTL	The Forms of the Old Testament Literature
Freytag	Freytag, G. W. Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum. Halle: Schwetschke, 1830–37.
FRLANT	Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments
Galling, Reallexikon	Galling, K. Biblisches Reallexikon. 2d ed. Tübingen: Mohr, 1977.
Gard	Gard, D. H. The Exegetical Method of the Greek Translator of the Book of Job. SBLMS 8. Philadelphia: Society of Biblical Literature, 1952.
Geneva	[Geneva Bible] The Bible and Holy Scriptvres Conteyned in the Olde and Newe Testament: Translated according to the Ebrue and Greke, and Conferred with the Best Translations in Diuers Langages. Geneva, 1560.
Gerleman	Gerleman, G., textual notes to Job in BHS.
Ges18	Meyer, R., and H. Donner, with U. Rütersworden. Wilhelm Gesenius Hebräisches und aramäisches Handwörterbuch über das Alte Testament. 18th ed. 3 vols. to date. Berlin: Springer, 1987, 1995, 2005.
Gesenius, Thesaurus	Gesenius, W. Thesaurus philologicus criticus linguae hebraeae et chaldaeae Veteris Testamenti. 2d ed. Leipzig: Vogel, 1829.
Gesenius-Buhl	Gesenius, W., and F. Buhl. Wilhelm Gesenius’ Hebräisches und aramäisches Handwörterbuch über das Alte Testament. 17th ed. Leipzig: Vogel, 1915.
Gibson, E. C. S.	Gibson, E. C. S. The Book of Job. WC. London: Methuen, 1899.
Gill	Gill, J. An Exposition of the Whole Old Testament, Critical, Doctrinal and Practical. 4 vols. London: George Keith, 1763–65.
GKC	Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar. Ed. E. Kautzsch and A. E. Cowley. 2d ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1910.
Golius	Golius, J. Lexicon Arabico-Latinum, contextum ex probatioribus orientis lexicographis. Leiden: Bonaventurae & Abr. Elseviriorum, 1653.
Good	Good, E. M. In Turns of Tempest: A Reading of Job, with a Translation. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1990.
Gordis	Gordis, R. The Book of Job: Commentary, New Translation, and Special Notes. New York: Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 1978.
Grabbe	Grabbe, L. L. Comparative Philology and the Text of Job: A Study in Methodology. SBLDS 34. Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1977.
Graetz	Graetz, H. “Lehrinhalt der ‘Weisheit’ in den biblischen Büchern.” MGWJ 35 (1886) 289–99, 204–10, 544–49 (pp. 402–10, 544–49 often cited as “Register der corrumpierten Stellen in Hiob und Vorschläge zur Verbesserung”).
Gray	Gray, J. The Book of Job. Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press, 2005.
Greg	Gregorianum
Grimme	Grimme, H. “Metrisch-kritische Emendationen zum Buche Hiob.” TQ 80 (1898) 295–304, 421–32; 81 (1899) 112–18, 259–77.
GSAI	Giornale della Società Asiatica Italiana
Guillaume	Guillaume, A. Studies in the Book of Job with a New Translation. ALUOSSup 2. Leiden: Brill, 1968.
Guillaume, Lexicography	Guillaume, A. Hebrew and Arabic Lexicography: A Comparative Study. Leiden: Brill, 1965.
GuL	Geist und Leben
Habel	Habel, N. C. The Book of Job. OTL. London: SCM Press, 1985.
Hahn	Hahn, H. A. Commentar über das Buch Hiob. Berlin: Wohlgemuth, 1850.
HALOT	Koehler, L., W. Baumgartner, and J. J. Stamm. The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. Trans. and ed. by M. E. J. Richardson. 5 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1994–2000.
HAR	Hebrew Annual Review
Hartley	Hartley, J. E. The Book of Job. NICOT. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1988.
HAT	Handbuch zum Alten Testament
Hava	Hava, J. G. Al-Faraid Arabic-English Dictionary. Beirut: Catholic Press, 1964 [original edition 1899].
Heath	Heath, T. An Essay towards a New English Version of the Book of Job, from the Original Hebrew, with a Commentary, and Some Account of His Life. London: Millar and Baker, 1756.
Hesse	Hesse, F. Hiob. ZBK. Zurich: Theologischer Verlag, 1978.
Hirzel	Hirzel, L. Hiob erklärt. KEH 2. Leipzig: Weidmann, 1839.
Hitzig	Hitzig, F. Das Buch Hiob übersetzt und ausgelegt. Leipzig: Winter, 1874.
Hoffmann	Hoffmann, J. G. E. Hiob. Kiel: Haeseler, 1891.
Hölscher	Hölscher, G. Das Buch Hiob. HAT. Tübingen: Mohr (Siebeck), 1937.
Hontheim	Hontheim, J. Das Buch Hiob als strophisches Kunstwerk nachgewiesen, übersetzt und erklärt. BibS 9.1–3. Freiburg i.Br.: Herder, 1904.
Horst	Horst, F. Hiob. BKAT. Vol. 1. Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1960–63.
Houbigant	Houbigant, C.-F. Biblia Hebraica cum notis criticis. 4 vols. Paris: Briasson & Durand, 1753.
Houtsma	Houtsma, M. T. Textkritische Studien zum Alten Testament. Vol. 1, Das Buch Hiob. Leiden: Brill, 1925.
HS	Hebrew Studies
HSAT	Die Heilige Schrift des Alten Testaments. Ed. E. Kautzsch. 4th ed. by B. Bertholet. Tübingen: Mohr (Siebeck), 1922–23.
HSM	Harvard Semitic Monographs
HTR	Harvard Theological Review
HUCA	Hebrew Union College Annual
Hufnagel	Hufnagel, W. F. Hiob neu übersetzt mit Anmerkungen. Erlangen: Palmische Buchhandlung, 1781.
Hupfeld	Hupfeld, H. Quaestionum in Jobeidos locos vexatos specimen: Commentatio. Halle: Anton, 1853.
HvTSt	Hervormde Teologiese Studies
IB	The Interpreter’s Bible. Ed. G. A. Buttrick et al. 12 vols. Nashville: Abingdon, 1951–57.
IBD	Illustrated Bible Dictionary. Ed. J. D. Douglas. Leicester: Inter-Varsity Press, 1980.
ICC	International Critical Commentary
IDB	The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible. Ed. G. A. Buttrick. 4 vols. Nashville: Abingdon, 1962.
IDBSup	IDB, Supplementary Volume. Ed. K. Crim. Nashville: Abingdon, 1976.
IEJ	Israel Exploration Journal
Int	Interpretation
Interp	The Interpreter
ISBE	The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Ed. G. W. Bromiley. Rev. ed. 4 vols. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1979–88.
ITQ	Irish Theological Quarterly
JAC	Jahrbuch für antike und Christentum
JANESCU	Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society of Columbia University
Janzen	Janzen, J. G. Job. Interpretation. Atlanta: Knox, 1985.
JAOS	Journal of the American Oriental Society
Jastrow	Jastrow, M. A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalim, and the Midrashic Literature. London: Luzac, 1903.
JBC	The Jerome Bible Commentary. Ed. R. E. Brown et al. London: Chapman, 1968.
JBL	Journal of Biblical Literature
JBLMS	JBL Monograph Series
JBQ	Jewish Bible Quarterly
JCS	Journal of Cuneiform Studies
JHI	Journal of the History of Ideas
JJS	Journal of Jewish Studies
JNES	Journal of Near Eastern Studies
JNSL	Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages
Joüon	Joüon, P. Grammaire de l’hébreu biblique. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1947.
Joüon-Muraoka	Joüon, P. A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew. Trans. and rev. T. Muraoka. 2 vols. Subsidia biblica 14/1–2. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1991.
JPOS	Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society
JQR	Jewish Quarterly Review
JRAS	Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
JSJ	Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman Periods
JSNTSup	Journal for the Study of the New Testament, Supplement Series
JSOR	Journal of the Society of Oriental Research
JSOT	Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
JSOTSup	Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, Supplement Series
JSS	Journal of Semitic Studies
JTS	Journal of Theological Studies
Kaltner, Use of Arabic	Kaltner, J. The Use of Arabic in Biblical Hebrew Lexicography. CBQMS 28. Washington, DC: Catholic Biblical Association of America, 1996.
Kamphausen	Die Bibel, oder, die Schriften des Alten and Neuen Bundes nach den überlieferten Grundtexten übersetzt und für die Gemeinde erklärt. Vol. 3, Die Schriften. Ed. A. Kamphausen. Leipzig: Brockhaus, 1868.
KAT	Kommentar zum Alten Testament
KBL	Koehler, L., and W. Baumgartner. Lexicon in Veteris Testamenti libros. Leiden: Brill, 1953.
KEH	Kurzgefasstes exegetisches Handbuch zum Alten Testament
KHC	Kurzer Hand-Commentar zum Alten Testament
King	King, E. G. The Poem of Job: Translated in the Metre of the Original. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1914.
Kissane	Kissane, E. J. The Book of Job Translated from a Critically Revised Hebrew Text with Commentary. Dublin: Browne & Nolan, 1939.
König	König, E. Hebraisches und aramaisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testament, mit Einschaltung und Analyse aller schwen erkennbaren Formen, Deutung der Eigennamen sowie der massoretischen Randbemerkungen und einem deutsch-hebraischen Wortregister. Leipzig: Dieterich, 1910.
König, Syntax	König, E. Historisch-kritisches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache. Vol. 3, Historisch-Comparative Syntax der hebräischen Sprache. Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1897.
Kroeze	Kroeze, J. H. Het Boek Job, opnieuw uit de grondtekst vertaald en verklaard. KVHS. Kampen: Kok, 1960.
KTU	Dietrich, M., O. Loretz, and J. Sanmartín. Die Keilalphabetischen Texte aus Ugarit. AOAT 24. Kevelaer: Butzon & Bercker, 1976.
KVHS	Korte verklaring der Heilige Schrift
Lamparter	Lamparter, H. Das Buch der Anfechtung, übersetzt und ausgelegt. BAT. Stuttgart: Calwer, 1951.
Lane	Lane, E. W. An Arabic-English Lexicon. London: Williams & Norgate, 1863–93.
Larcher	Larcher, C. Le Livre de Job. La sainte Bible. Paris: Cerf, 1950.
LD	Lectio divina
Le Hir	Le Hir, A.-M. Le livre de Job, traduction sur l’hébreu et commentaire, précédé d’un essai sur le rythme chez les juifs, et suivi du Cantique de Debora et psaume CX. Paris: Jouby & Roger, 1873.
Leigh	Leigh, E. Critica Sacra, in Two Parts: The First Containing Observations on All the Radices, or Primitive Hebrew Words of the Old Testament, in Order Alphabetical . . . The Second, Philologicall and Theologicall Observations upon All the Greek Words of the New Testament, in Order Alphabetical. 3d ed. London: Underhill, 1650.
Leš	Lešonenu
Lévêque	Lévêque, J. Job et son Dieu: Essai d’exégèse et de théologie biblique. Paris: Gabalda, 1970.
Levy	Levy, J. Neuhebräisches und chaldäisches Wörterbuch über die Talmudim und Midraschim. 4 vols. Leipzig: Brockhaus, 1876–89.
Ley	Ley, J. “Die metrische Beschaffenheit des Buches Hiob.” TSK (1895) 635–92; (1897) 7–42.
Ley2	Ley, J. Das Buch Hiob nach seinem Inhalt, seiner Kunstgestaltung und religiösen Bedeutung, für gebildete Leser dargestellt. Halle: Waisenhaus, 1903.
Lods	Lods, A., and L. Randon. “Job.” In La Sainte Bible: Traduction nouvelle d’après les meilleurs textes avec introductions et notes. La Bible de la Centenaire. Vol. 3. Paris: Société Biblique de Paris, 1947.
Löw, Flora	Löw, I. Die Flora der Juden. Vol. 1, Krytogamae, Acanthaceae, Graminaceae. Veröffentlichungen der Alexander Kohut Memorial Foundation 4. Vienna: Löwit, 1928. Vol. 2, Iridaceae, Papilionaceae. Veröffentlichungen der Alexander Kohut Memorial Foundation 2. Vienna: Löwit, 1924. Vol. 3, Pedaliaceae, Zygophyllaceae. Veröffentlichungen der Alexander Kohut Memorial Foundation 3. Vienna: Löwit, 1924.
Lugt, van der	Lugt, P. van der. Rhetorical Criticism and the Poetry of the Book of Job. OTS 32. Leiden: Brill, 1995.
MacKenzie	MacKenzie, R. A. F. “Job.” In The Jerome Bible Commentary. Ed. R. E. Murphy. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1968. 511–33.
MEAH	Miscelánea de estudios arabes y hebraicos
Merx	Merx, A. Das Gedicht von Hiob: Hebräischer Text, kritisch bearbeitet und übersetzt, nebst sachlicher und kritischer Einleitung. Jena: Mauke, 1871.
MGWJ	Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judentums
Michaelis	Michaelis, J. D. “Varianten im Buch Hiob.” In his Orientalische und exegetische Bibliothek 7 (1774) 217–47; 8 (1775) 179–224.
Michaelis, Deutsche Übersetzung	Michaelis, J. D. Deutsche Übersetzung des Alten Testaments, mit Anmerkungen für Ungelehrte. 2d ed. Göttingen: Dieterich, 1773–88.
Michaelis, Supplementa	Michaelis, J. D. Supplementa ad lexica hebraica. 6 parts. Göttingen: Rosenbusch, 1784–92.
Michel	Michel, W. L. Job in the Light of Northwest Semitic. Vol. 1. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1987. [References without a page number are to his unpublished Vol. 2.]
Moffatt	Moffatt, J. A New Translation of the Bible. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1926.
Murphy	Murphy, R. E. Wisdom Literature: Job, Proverbs, Ruth, Canticles, Ecclesiastes and Esther. FOTL 13. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1981.
Mus	Le muséon: Revue d’études orientales
MUSJ	Mélanges de la Faculté Orientale (Université Saint-Joseph, Beirut)
Muss-Arnoldt	Muss-Arnoldt, W. A Concise Dictionary of the Assyrian Languages. Berlin: Reuther & Reichard, 1905.
NAC	New American Commentary
NCB	New Century Bible
Newsom	Newsom, C. “The Book of Job.” In The New Interpreter’s Bible. Ed. L. E. Keck et al. Vol. 4. Nashville: Abingdon, 1996. 317–637.
Nichols	Nichols, H. H. “The Composition of the Elihu Speeches (Job, Chaps. 32–37).” AJSL 27 (1910–11) 97–186.
NICOT	New International Commentary on the Old Testament
NIDOTTE	The New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis. Ed. W. A. VanGemeren. 5 vols. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1997.
NTT	Norsk teologisk tidsskrift
OBO	Orbis biblicus et orientalis
OED	[Oxford English Dictionary] Murray, J. A. H. New English Dictionary on Historical Principles. Oxford, 1888–1928. Cited from http://dictionary.oed.com/.
Olshausen	Olshausen, J. Hiob erklärt. 2d ed. KEH 2. Leipzig: Hirzel, 1852 [first edition by L. Hirzel].
OLZ	Orientalische Literaturzeitung
Or	Orientalia
OTE	Old Testament Essays
OTL	Old Testament Library
OTS	Old Testament Studies
OTS	Oudtestamentische Studiën
Payne Smith	Payne Smith, R. Thesaurus Syriacus. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1879–1901.
Payne Smith, J.	Payne Smith, J. A Compendious Syriac Dictionary, Founded upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith. Oxford: Clarendon, 1903.
Peake	Peake, A. S. Job, Introduction, Revised Version with Notes, and Index. CB. Edinburgh: Jack, 1905.
PEQ	Palestine Exploration Quarterly
Perles	Perles, F. Analekten zur Textkritik des Alten Testaments. Munich: Ackermann, 1895.
Perles2	Perles, F. Analekten zur Textkritik des Alten Testaments. Neue Folge. Leipzig: Engel, 1922.
Peters	Peters, N. Das Buch Hiob übersetzt und erklärt. Münster: Aschendorff, 1928.
Pope	Pope, M. H. Job. AB 15. 3d ed. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1973.
Pope1	Pope, M. H. Job. AB 15. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1965.
PrGLM	Proceedings of the Eastern Great Lakes and Midwest Biblical Societies
PrIrB	Proceedings of the Irish Biblical Association
PTMS	Pittsburgh Theological Monograph Series
QD	Quaestiones disputatae
RAC	Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum. Ed. T. Klauser. Stuttgart: Hiersemann, 1950–.
Ravasi	Ravasi, G. Giobbe, traduzione e commento. 2d ed. Rome: Borla, 1984.
RB	Revue biblique
REAug	Revue des études augustiniennes
REG	Revue des études grecques
REJ	Revue des études juives
Reiske	Reiske, J. J. Coniecturae in Jobum et Proverbia Salomonis. Leipzig: Sommer, 1779.
Renan	Renan, E. Le livre de Job, traduit de l’hébreu. Paris: Calmann Lévy, 1860.
Reuss	Reuss, E. Hiob. Braunschweig: Schwetschke, 1888.
RevExp	Review and Expositor
RevQ	Revue de Qumran
RGG	Die Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Ed. K. Galling. 7 vols. Tübingen: Mohr, 1957–65.
RHPR	Revue d’histoire et de philosophie religieuses
RHR	Revue de l’histoire des religions
Richter	Richter, G. Textstudien zum Buche Hiob. BWANT 3.7. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1927.
RivB	Rivista biblica italiana
Rosenmüller	Rosenmüller, E. F. C. Scholia in Vetus Testamentum: Editio secunda auctior et emendatior. Vol. 5, Jobus. Leipzig: J. A. Barth, 1824.
Rossi, de	Rossi, G. B. de. Variae lectiones Veteris Testamenti. Parma: Ex regio typographeo, 1784–98.
Rowley	Rowley, H. H. Job. NCB. London: Nelson, 1970.
RS	Ras Shamra
RSP	Ras Shamra Parallels: The Texts from Ugarit and the Hebrew Bible. Ed. L. R. Fisher et al. 3 vols. AnOr 51. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1972–75.
RTP	Revue de théologie et de philosophie
RTR	Reformed Theological Review
Saadia	Ecker, R. Die arabische Job-Übersetzung des Gaon Saadja ben Josef al-Fajjûmi: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Übersetzung des Alten Testaments. Munich: Kösel, 1962.
SBFLA	Studii biblici franciscani liber annuus
SBL	Society of Biblical Literature
SBLDS	Society of Biblical Literature Dissertation Series
SBLMS	Society of Biblical Literature Monograph Series
SBLSCS	Society of Biblical Literature Septuagint and Cognate Studies
SBOT	Sacred Books of the Old Testament
SBT	Studies in Biblical Theology
Schultens	Schultens, A. Liber Iobi cum nova versione ad hebraeum fontem et commentario perpetuo. Leiden: Luzac, 1787.
SEÅ	Svensk exegetisk årsbok
SEAsiaJT	Southeast Asia Journal of Theology
SecCent	The Second Century: A Journal of Early Christian Studies
Sef	Sefarad
SEL	Studi epigrafici e linguistici sul Vicino Oriente antico
Sicre Díaz	Alonso Schökel, L., and J. L. Sicre Díaz. Job, comentario teológico y literario. Madrid: Cristiandad, 1983.
Siegfried	Siegfried, C. [G. A.] The Book of Job: Critical Edition of the Hebrew Text. SBOT. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1893.
SK	Skrif en kerk
Skehan	Skehan, P. W. “Strophic Patterns in the Book of Job.” CBQ 23 (1961) 125–42. Reprinted in Studies in Israelite Poetry and Wisdom, CBQMS 1 (Washington, DC: Catholic Biblical Association, 1971) 96–113.
Skehan-Di Lella, Wisdom	Skehan, P. W., and A. A. Di Lella. The Wisdom of Ben Sira: A New Translation with Notes by Patrick W. Skehan; Introduction and Commentary by Alexander A. Di Lella. AB 39. New York: Doubleday, 1987.
SMSR	Studi e materiali di storia delle religioni
Snaith	Snaith, N. H. The Book of Job: Its Origin and Purpose. SBT 2/11. London: SCM Press, 1968.
Soden, von	Soden, W. von. Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1959–72.
Sokoloff	Sokoloff, M. A Dictionary of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic of the Byzantine Period. Ramat-Gan, Israel: Bar Ilan UP, 1990.
Sokoloff, Targum	Sokoloff, M. The Targum to Job from Qumran Cave XI. Ramat-Gan, Israel: Bar-Ilan UP, 1974.
SOTSMS	Society for Old Testament Studies Monograph Series
SR	Studies in Religion/Sciences religieuses
SRSup	SR Supplements
ST	Studia theologica
Steinmann	Steinmann, J. Job: Texte français, introduction et commentaires. Connaître la Bible. Bruges: Desclée de Brouwer, 1961.
Steuernagel	Steuernagel, C. “Das Buch Hiob.” In Die Heilige Schrift des Alten Testaments. Ed. E. Kautzsch and A. Bertholet. 4th ed. Tübingen: Mohr, 1923. 2:323–89.
Stevenson	Stevenson, W. B. The Poem of Job: A Literary Study with a New Translation. London: Oxford UP, 1947.
Stevenson2	Stevenson, W. B. Critical Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Book of Job. Aberdeen: Aberdeen UP, 1951.
Stier	Stier, F. Das Buch Ijjob hebräisch und deutsch: Uebertragungen ausgelegt und mit Text- und Sacherläuterungen versehen. Munich: Kösel, 1954.
Strahan	Strahan, J. The Book of Job Interpreted. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1913.
Strauss	Strauss, H. Hiob. BKAT 16.2. Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 2000.
Str-B	Strack, H. L., and P. Billerbeck. Kommentar zum Neuen Testament aus Talmud und Midrasch. 6 vols. Munich, 1922–61.
Szczygiel	Szczygiel, P. Das Buch Job, übersetzt und erklärt. HSAT 5.1. Bonn: Hanstein, 1931.
Taylor	Taylor, J. The Hebrew Concordance, Adapted to the English Bible, Disposed after the Manner of Buxtorf. London: Waugh & Fenner, 1754.
TBei	Theologische Beiträge
TDNT	Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Ed. G. Kittel and G. Friedrich. Trans. G. W. Bromiley. 10 vols. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1964–76.
TDOT	Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament. Ed. G. J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren. Trans. J. T. Willis, G. W. Bromiley, and D. E. Green. 13 vols. to date. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1974–.
Terrien	Terrien, S. L. Job. CAT 13. Neuchâtel: Delachaux & Niestlé, 1963.
Textual Notes	Textual Notes on the New American Bible. Paterson, NJ: St. Anthony’s Guild, [1970]. [Pp. 325–451 of some editions.]
Thomas	Thomas, D. W. A Revised Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. 11 vols. (aleph to kaph). (Unpublished at the author’s death in 1970.)
ThSt	Theologische Studiën
TLOT	Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament. Ed. E. Jenni and C. Westermann. Trans. M. E. Biddle. 3 vols. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1997.
TLZ	Theologische Literaturzeitung
Torczyner	Torczyner, H. [Tur-Sinai, N. H.]. Das Buch Hiob: Eine kritische Analyse des überlieferten Hiobtextes. Vienna: Löwit, 1920.
TOTC	Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries
TQ	Theologische Quartalschrift
Tristram	Tristram, H. B. The Natural History of the Bible: Being a Review of the Physical Geography, Geology and Meteorology of the Holy Land; with a Description of Every Animal and Plant Mentioned in Holy Scripture. 9th ed. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1898 (original 1867).
TRu	Theologische Rundschau
TSAJ	Texte und Studien zum antiken Judentum
TThSt	Trierer theologische Studien
Tur-Sinai	Tur-Sinai, N. H. The Book of Job, A New Commentary. Jerusalem: Kiryath-Sepher, 1957.
TVers	Theologische Versuche
TynBul	Tyndale Bulletin
TZ	Theologische Zeitschrift
UBL	Ugaritisch-biblische Literatur
UF	Ugarit-Forschungen
Vaccari	Vaccari, A. Il Libro di Giobbe e i Salmi, tradotti dai testi originali e annotati. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1925.
Voigt	Voigt, C. Einige Stellen des Buches Hiob. Leipzig: Drugulin, 1895.
Volz	Volz, P. Weisheit (Das Buch Hiob, Sprüche und Jesus Sirach, Prediger). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1911.
VT	Vetus Testamentum
VTSup	Supplements to Vetus Testamentum
Wagner, Aramaismen	Wagner, M. Die lexikalischen und grammatikalischen Aramaismen im alttestamentlichen Hebräisch. BZAW 96. Berlin: Töpelmann, 1966.
Watson	Watson, W. G. E. Classical Hebrew Poetry: A Guide to Its Techniques. JSOTSup 26. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1984.
WC	Westminster Commentaries
Webster	Webster, E. C. “Strophic Patterns in Job 3–28.” JSOT 26 (1983) 33–60; “Strophic Patterns in Job 29–42.” JSOT 30 (1984) 95–109.
Wehr-Cowan	Wehr, H. A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic. Ed. J. M. Cowan. Beirut: Librarie du Liban, 1980.
Weiser	Weiser, A. Das Buch Hiob übersetzt und erklärt. ATD 13. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. 1951.
Westermann, Structure	Westermann, C. The Structure of the Book of Job: A Form-Critical Analysis. Trans. C. A. Muenchow. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1981.
Whybray	Whybray, N. Job. Readings. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1998.
Wilde, de	Wilde, A. de. Das Buch Hiob eingeleitet, übersetzt und erläutert. OtSt 22. Leiden: Brill, 1981.
Witte	Witte, M. Philologische Notizen zu Hiob 21–27. BZAW 234. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1995.
WO	Die Welt des Orients
Wolfers	Wolfers, D. Deep Things out of Darkness: The Book of Job: Essays and a New English Translation. Kampen: Kok Pharos; Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1995.
Wright	Wright, G. H. B. The Book of Job. London: Williams & Norgate, 1883.
WZKM	Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes
Yellin	Yellin, D. . Vol. 1, . Jerusalem: Tarpiz, 1927.
ZA	Zeitschrift für Assyriologie
ZAW	Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft
ZBK	Zürcher Bibelkommentare
ZDMG	Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft
ZDMGSup	ZDMG Supplements
ZDPV	Zeitschrift des deutschen Palästina-Vereins
Ziegler	Ziegler, J. Iob. Septuaginta, Vetus Testamentum graecum 11.4. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1982.
Zorell	Zorell, F. Lexicon hebraicum et aramaicum Veteris Testamenti. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1984 (original 1946).
ZRGG	Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte
ZTK	Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche

Hebrew Grammar

abs	absolute
acc	accusative
adj	adjective, adjectival
adv	adverb, adverbial
consec	consecutive
coh	cohortative
constr	construct
fem	feminine
fut	future
gen	genitive
hiph	hipʿil
hithp	hitpaʿel
hithpo	hitpoʿlel
hoph	hopʿal
impf	imperfect
impv	imperative
inf	infinitive
juss	jussive
masc	masculine
neut	neuter
niph	nipʿal
obj	object, objective
pf	perfect
pl	plural
prep	preposition
ptcp	participle
sg	singular
subj	subject, subjective
suff	suffix

Textual Notes

Akk.	Akkadian
Aq	Aquila
Arab.	Arabic
Aram.	Aramaic
Assyr.	Assyrian
Eg.	Egyptian
Eng.	English
Eth.	Ethiopic
Germ.	German
haplog	haplography
Heb.	Hebrew
Hitt.	Hittite
K	Kethib, consonantal Hebrew text of OT
Lat.	Latin
LXX	Septuagint
MH	Mishnaic Hebrew
MT	Masoretic Text of the (OT)
NT	New Testament
OG	Old Greek
OL	Old Latin
OT	Old Testament
Pesh	Peshitta, Syriac version of the OT
Phoen.	Phoenician
Q	Qere, Masoretic vocalized Hebrew text of OT
Rashi	commentary printed in rabbinic Bibles
Symm	Symmachus
Syr.	Syriac
Tg	Targum
Theod	Theodotion
Ugar.	Ugaritic
Vg	Vulgate

Modern Translations

ASV	American Standard Version
BJ	Bible de Jérusalem
EVV	English versions
GNB	Good News Bible, Today’s English Version, Good News Translation
JB	Jerusalem Bible
JPS	Jewish Publication Society Version
KJV	King James Version, Authorized Version
NAB	New American Bible
NEB	New English Bible
NIV	New International Version
NJB	New Jerusalem Bible
NJPS	Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures: The New JPS Translation according to the Traditional Hebrew Text
NRSV	New Revised Standard Version
REB	Revised English Bible
RSV	Revised Standard Version
RV	Revised Version

Biblical and Apocryphal Books

OLD TESTAMENT

Gen	Genesis
Exod	Exodus
Lev	Leviticus
Num	Numbers
Deut	Deuteronomy
Josh	Joshua
Judg	Judges
Ruth	Ruth
1–2 Sam	1–2 Samuel
1–2 Kgs	1–2 Kings
1–2 Chr	1–2 Chronicles
Ezra	Ezra
Neh	Nehemiah
Esth	Esther
Job	Job
Ps(s)	Psalm(s)
Prov	Proverbs
Eccl	Ecclesiastes
Cant	Canticles, Song of Songs
Isa	Isaiah
Jer	Jeremiah
Lam	Lamentations
Ezek	Ezekiel
Dan	Daniel
Hos	Hosea
Joel	Joel
Amos	Amos
Obad	Obadiah
Jonah	Jonah
Mic	Micah
Nah	Nahum
Hab	Habakkuk
Zeph	Zephaniah
Hag	Haggai
Zech	Zechariah
Mal	Malachi

APOCRYPHA AND SEPTUAGINT

1–4 Kgdms	1–4 Kingdoms
1–2 Esdr	1–2 Esdras
Tob	Tobit
Jdt	Judith
Add Esth	Additions to Esther
Wisd	Wisdom of Solomon
Ecclus	Ecclesiasticus (Wisdom of Jesus the son of Sirach)
Bar	Baruch
Ep Jer	Epistle of Jeremiah
Sus	Susanna
Bel	Bel and the Dragon
1–2 Macc	1–2 Maccabees

NEW TESTAMENT

Matt	Matthew
Mark	Mark
Luke	Luke
John	John
Acts	Acts
Rom	Romans
1–2 Cor	1–2 Corinthians
Gal	Galatians
Eph	Ephesians
Phil	Philippians
Col	Colossians
1–2 Thess	1–2 Thessalonians
1–2 Tim	1–2 Timothy
Titus	Titus
Philem	Philemon
Heb	Hebrews
Jas	James
1–2 Pet	1–2 Peter
1–2–3 John	1–2–3 John
Jude	Jude
Rev	Revelation

Old Testament Pseudepigrapha

1 Enoch	1 Enoch (Ethiopic Apocalypse)
4 Ezra	4 Ezra
Jub.	Jubilees
Pss. Sol.	Psalms of Solomon
T. Asher	Testament of Asher
T. Dan	Testament of Dan
T. Jos.	Testament of Joseph

Qumran

1QS	Community Rule
1QH	Thanksgiving Hymns
1QM	War Scroll
11QtgJob	Targum to Job

Miscellaneous

al.	aliter, otherwise (in text-critical note)
b.	Babylonian Talmud
BH	Biblical Hebrew
cf.	confer, compare
col(s).	column(s)
dittogr	dittograph, dittography
ed(s).	edited by, editor(s)
e.g.	exempli gratia, for example
ET	English translation
et al.	and others
frag.	fragment
frt	forte, perhaps (in text-critical note)
FS	Festschrift
ins	insere, insert (in text-critical note)
lit.	literally
m.	Mishnah
mg.	margin
MH	Mishnaic Hebrew
MS(S)	manuscript(s)
n.d.	no date
NS	new series
p(p).	page(s)
pl.	plate
prb	probabiliter, probably (in text-critical note)
prp, prps	propositum, (it has been) proposed (in text-critical note, denotes a reading not adopted by the editor)
q.v.	quod vide, which see
repr.	reprint(ed)
sc.	scilicet, that is to say
si v.l.	si vera lectio, if the reading is correct
s.v.	sub verbo, under that word
t.	Tosefta
trans.	translated by; translator(s)
Univ.	University
UP	University Press
v(v)	verse(s)
vel	vel, or (in text-critical note, denotes an alternative reading)
v.l.	varia lectio, alternative reading
vol(s).	volume(s)
y.	Jerusalem Talmud
§	section or paragraph