* Gwalior and Indore were independent Maratha principalities. Both Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior and Maharaja Holkar of Indore were suspected of sympathizing with the mutineers, but neither openly rebelled. See Appendix Three.

† The ‘loyal’ garrison at Arrah was made up of sixteen male civilians – Europeans, Eurasians and the Indian deputy collector – and forty-five Sikhs of the newly raised Bengal Police Battalion.