Abhörurteil, 115–117
Abortion, 96–99, 102–104, 109, 115
Action/agency: Catholic thought on, 97–99; Griffin and, 5; Kant and, 26, 84, 86, 93, 151; Korsgaard and, 88, 99, 145–147, 151; O’Neill and, 88–89, 99; Schiller and, 34–36; violations of dignity and, 111–113. See also Autonomy; Voluntarism
Adenauer, Konrad, 80, 91
Aesthetics, 31–32, 35
Agency. See Action/Agency; Autonomy; Voluntarism
Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 2–3
Airline hijacking, 105–110, 113, 118–119
Animals, dignity and, 12
Aquinas, Thomas, 16–17, 22, 23, 47–48
Arcanum divinae sapientiae (Leo XIII), 49
Aristocracy, 38. See also Hierarchy
Arrogance, 27
Arruda, Geisy, 7
Autonomy: Catholic thought on, 97–99, 120–121, 126; Kant on, 21–22, 25–26, 30; philosophy and, 5, 120–122; U.S. liberals and, 126
Bacon, Francis, 15–16, 17
Balancing of dignity, 107–110
Beauty, goodness and, 136–138
Beethoven, Ludwig von, 36
Behavior, dignified, 30, 31–38, 47, 56–60, 121
Behavior, undignified: the state and, 68–73; value of, 71–73
Benedict XVI (Pope), 94
Bernard, John, 39–40
Bio-ethics, 96–99
Böckenförde, Ernst-Wolfgang, 91
Bossuet, Jacques-Bénigne, 18
Brooks, David, 3–4
B’Tselem (dignity), 11
B’Tselem, 11 (organization)
Bundesrepublik, 79, 91, 93
Bundesverfassungsgericht, 78, 102
Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam, 53–54
Caricatures, 76
Categorical imperative (Kant), 81, 87, 90
Catholic Church, 3, 6–7; anti-egalitarian thought of, 8–9, 13–14, 48–51, 92; dignity as intrinsic value and, 16–17, 47–48, 93–94; egalitarian development in social teaching, 51–53, 56, 92–94; on human freedom, 94–95, 98–100; on morality, 94; on relativism, 95, 99–100; on sexuality and bio-ethics, 96–99; suicide and, 121–123
CDU (Christlich Demokratische Union), 80, 91
Cicero, 11–12
Civic dignitaries, 19–20
Cohen v. California, 124–125
Cold jokes, 158
Colonia Dignidad, 4
Comedy, 73
Commentary on the Sentences (Aquinas), 16–17
Communism, 92
Conseil d’État, 63–65
Consent: and dignity, 118–119; informed, 120–121
Consequentialism. See Utilitarianism
Corpses, respect for, 127–160; externalism and, 133–135; humanism and, 129–131; non-human things and, 135–138; utilitarianism and, 130–133
Criminal behavior, 113–114
Critique of Judgement (Kant), 28
Critique of Practical Reason (Kant), 29, 81, 144–145
CSU (Christlich-Soziale Union), 91, 93
Daschner, Wolfgang, 104–105
Death with dignity, 6–7, 121–123
De Dignitate et Augmentis Scientiarum (Bacon), 15–16, 17
De Dignitate Hominis (Pico), 14–15
Democracy in America (Tocqueville), 47
De Officiis (On Duties) (Cicero), 11–12
Deontology, 104, 107, 111, 131, 139
Dignitary harms, 158–159
Dignitas, 12–13
Dignitas (organization), 6–7
“Dignity Is a Useless Concept” (Macklin), 5, 120
Dignity USA (organization), 7
Diuturnum (Leo XIII), 50–51
Dürig, Günter, 81, 91
Duty: -based moral theory, 138–142; grace, heroism, and, 36; Kant on, 87, 90, 142–156; respect and, 10, 29, 55, 61, 157; self-regarding, 148; without Platonism, 156–160
Dwarves, 63–69
Dworkin, Ronald, 131
Ends, people as, 85–86, 88–89, 99–100, 118
Equality, 38–46; Catholic thought on, 48–53; Kant on, 27, 31, 41; Schiller on, 41
Ethics, Kantian, 143–144, 155. See also Morality
European Convention on Human Rights, 68
Evangelium Vitae (John Paul II), 3, 51–52, 94, 97–99
Expanding circle narrative, 8
Externalism, 133–135
Falwell, Jerry, 125
Feinberg, Joel, 5, 57
Fidelio (opera) (Beethoven), 36
Finaler Rettungsschuss, 105, 113–114
Forfeiture of dignity, 113–114
Formula of Humanity (Kant), 80–90
Formula of Universal Law (Kant), 87
Freedom, 94–95, 98–100
French Revolution, 38, 40–41
Gäfgen, Magnus, 105, 110
Gelasius I (Pope), 13
Geneva Conventions, 58–60
Genocidal propaganda, 160
German Democratic Republic, 79
Germany, legal system of. See Grundgesetz (Basic Law) of the Federal Republic of Germany
Glover, Jonathan, 158
Goodness: externalism and, 133–135; humanism and, 129–131; non-human things and, 136–138; Platonism and, 135–136; utilitarianism and, 130–133; virtue ethics and, 140
Grace and dignity, 31–38
Gravitas, 13. See also Dignitas
“Greek State, The” (Nietzsche), 41–42
Griffin, James, 5
Groundwork to the Metaphysics of Morals (Kant), 20–23, 27–28, 29, 87, 144
Grundgesetz (Basic Law) of the Federal Republic of Germany: Catholic Church and, 53, 56, 80, 90–100; dignity in, 2, 77–80, 126; interpreting the, 100–104; Kantian background of, 80–90
Haggerston Baths (Hackney), 71–72
Heinzen, Karl, 41
Herder, Johann Gottfried, 32, 33
Heroism, 36
Hierarchy, 47–54
Home, Henry (Lord Kames), 31
Honor, 27, 36
Human dignity, 12, 17–19; Feinberg on, 57; Kant and, 23–24, 144–145
Humanism, 129–131; Kant and, 142–143, 150, 155; Nietzsche on, 45–46
Humanitarianism, sentimental, 41, 43–45
Humanity, Formula of (Kant), 80–90
Humanity: A Moral History of the Twentieth Century (Glover), 158
Humanity in my person (Kant), 122–123
Human rights. See Rights, human
Human Rights Committee (UN), 66–67
Humiliation, 60, 74–75, 127, 158–160
Humility, 26
Humor, 73
Hustler Magazine, Inc. v. Falwell, 125
Ig Nobel Prize, 18
Informed consent, 120–121
Inner transcendental kernel, 9, 31, 55; the Grundgesetz and, 109, 114; Kant and, 143, 147; the state and, 70, 74–77
“In Search of Dignity” (Brooks), 3–4
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 66, 68
Inviolability, dignity and: Catholic thought and, 6–7, 96–98; difficulty in sustaining, 126; in Grundgesetz, 2, 77–79; human rights and, 53–54, 109–111; Kant and, 55, 80, 93; legal discourse and, 77
John Paul II (Pope), 3, 6, 51–53, 94–100, 120–121
Kant, Immanuel: autonomy and, 21–22, 25–26, 30; categorical imperative, 81, 87, 90; dignified behavior and, 30, 61; on duty, xv, 87, 90; duty- based approach and, 142–156; equality and, 27, 31, 41; ethics of, 143–144, 155; Formula of Humanity, 80–90; Formula of Universal Law, 87; morality and, 10, 23–26, 30–31, 55–56, 144, 153; on persons/personhood, 85–86, 93, 122–123, 144–145, 150–153; Platonism and, 10, 143, 145; respect and, 26–27, 30, 150, 152–156; Schiller and, 36–37; the sublime and, 28–30; suicide and, 122–123, 146–153; value (intrinsic) and, 10, 19–23, 30–31, 55, 80, 86, 143, 153–155
Kidnapping, 104–105, 108, 110–111
Korsgaard, Christine, 87–89, 93, 118, 122, 145–147, 151
Labor, dignity of, 42–45, 48–51
Laocoön group, 32–33
Lawgiving, Kant on, 25–26
Laws on dignity, 9, 63–128; airline hijacking and, 105–110, 113, 118–119; Catholic thought and, 90–100; confusion about, 67–68, 76–77; Formula of Humanity and, 80–90; Grundgesetz and, 77–104, 126; irreverence and, 73–76, 125; reconciling conflicts in, 107–119; torture and, 104–105, 108, 110, 111, 113; undignified behavior and, 63–73, 125–126; voluntarism and, 119–125
Lectures on Ethics (Kant), 152
Legislation. See Laws on dignity
Leo XIII (Pope), 48–51, 93
Lèse-majesté, 74
Life, the right to: abortion and, 96–99, 102–104, 115; airplane hijacking and, 109–110, 114; kidnapping and, 104–105, 107
Little People of America, 69
Luther, Martin, 20
Macklin, Ruth, 5, 120
Maritain, Jacques, 53
Marx, Karl, 41
McCrudden, Christopher, ix
Meanings of “dignity.” See Strands of meaning
Means, treating people as, 80, 82–85, 99–100, 118
Merkel, Angela, 2
Metaphysics of Morals (Kant), 26, 80, 147
Metzler, Jakob von, 104–105, 110, 113
Mill, John Stuart, xii, 123–124
Milton, John, 16
Moltmann, Jürgen, 3
Moore, George Edward, 137–138
Morality: capacity for, 57–58; Catholic thought on, 94–95; Kant on, 23–26, 30, 55–56, 144, 153; Schiller on, 34–35; will (der Wille) and, 34
Morality of Freedom, The (Raz), 130
Moral law, Kant on, 25–26, 30–31, 38, 55, 61
Moral theories / philosophy: duty-based, 139–142; revolution in, 155–156; rights-based, 139
Moral will (der Wille) (Kant), 34
More, Hannah, 38–39
Morsang-sur-Orge (France), 63–65, 68
Mulieris Dignitatem (John Paul II), 52–53
“Nature of Gothic, The” (Ruskin), 14
Nazi regime, 112, 158
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 3
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 41–46, 142
Noumenal realm (Kant), 145, 154–155
Nozick, Robert, 111
Obama, Barack, 3–4
Object formula (Objektformel) (Dürig), 81
“Of the Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce” (Milton), 16
On Christian Liberty (Luther), 20
O’Neill, Onora, 88–89, 139
On Grace and Dignity (Schiller), 31
On Human Dignity (Moltmann), 3
Orwell, George, 73
Parfit, Derek, 84
Pascal, Blaise, 17–18
Persons/personhood: Kant on, 85–86, 93, 122–123, 144–145, 150–153; U.S. Supreme Court on, 124
Philosophy: dignity and, 4–10; as holistic discipline, xi–xii; inaccessibility of, ix–xi, xiii–xiv; proof in, xii–xiii. See also Moral theories / philosophy
Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni, 14–15, 17, 24
Pinker, Steven, 119–120, 125
Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pa. v. Casey, 124
Plants, dignity of, 18–19
Platonism, 135–136; duty without, 156–160; Kant and, 10, 143, 145
Police powers, 63–68
Political theory vs. philosophy, xv–xvi
Principia Ethica (Moore), 137–138
Prisoners of war, 58–60
Prostitution, 69–70
Public order, 63–68
Punishment, humiliation and, 74–75
Quod Apostolici Muneris (Leo XIII), 48–49
Rank. See Status
Ratzinger, Joseph (Benedict XVI), 94
Rawls, John, 89, 139
Raz, Joseph, 130–131
Relativism, 95, 99–100
Religion within the Limits of Reason Alone (Kant), 37–38
Respect: attitude of, 143–144; duty and, 10, 29, 55, 61, 157; human dignity and, 5, 57; irreverence and, 74; Kant and, 26–27, 30, 150, 152–156; philosophical puzzle of, 9–10; religion and, 156–157; for rights, 54–61
Respect-as-observance, 57, 61, 114–115
Respect-as-respectfulness, 58, 61, 115
Reverence, 156; lack of, 73–76
Rights, human: balancing of, 109–111; as contrasted with dignity, 53–54; deprivation of, 101; description of, 6; dignity and, 2, 53, 54; to respect, 54–61; as side-constraints, 111. See also Life, the right to
Rights-based moral theory, 139
Roe v. Wade, 124
Ruskin, John, 14
Schiller, Friedrich, 31–38, 41, 56, 160
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 1, 41
Sexuality and bio-ethics, 96–99
Slavery, 39–44
Smith, Adam, 31
Socialism, 92
SPD (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands), 80
Squeamishness, 132
State: action, 112–113; undignified behavior and, 68–73
Status and dignity, 11–15, 41, 54–55, 61
Strands of meaning, 8, 19, 40, 41, 54, 61; behavior as (see Behavior, dignified); legislation and, 114–119; status as (see Status and dignity); treatment as (see Treatment and dignity); value (intrinsic) as (see Value (intrinsic) and dignity)
Strauss, Franz-Josef, 76, 110–111
“Stupidity of Dignity, The” (Pinker), 119–120
Subjectivity, 97–98
Sublime, the, Kant and, 28–30, 38
Suicide, 121–123, 146–153
Supreme Court (U.S.), 124–125
“Sur l’éminente dignité des pauvres dans l’Église” (Bossuet), 18
Swiss Federal Ethics Committee on Non-Human Biotechnology (ECNH), 4, 18–19
Teleology, 139
Thoughts on the Imitation of the Painting and Sculpture of the Greeks (Winckelmann), 32
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 47
Torture, 104–105, 108, 110, 111, 113, 158
Translations of “dignity”: Bacon and, 15–16; the Bible and, 11; B’Tselem, 11; dignitas, Cicero and, 11–12; respect and, 156; the sublime and, 28–29
Treatment and dignity, 57–62, 126–127; degrading, 159–160; Grundgesetz and, 115–119; state power and, 75
Ukraine penal code, 74
United Airlines Flight 93, 119
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 2, 53
Universalizability-test approach, 146
Universal Law, Formula of (Kant), 87
Utilitarianism, 86, 130–133, 139, 155
Utilitarianism (Mill), xii
Value (intrinsic) and dignity, 15; Catholic Church and, 16–17, 47–48, 61; Grundgesetz and, 115; Kant and, 19–23, 30–31, 55, 61, 80, 86, 143, 153–155; Plato and, 143
Vatican, Second Council of, 93
Verfassungsgericht, 75–76; on abortion, 102–104, 115; demeaning treatment and, 115–119; on torture, 105; on violation of dignity, 109–110, 113
Veritatis Splendor (John Paul II), 94–95, 99–100, 120–121
Virtue ethics, 140
Voluntarism: Catholic rejection of, 94, 97–100; Kantians and, 89, 145–147, 151; legislation and, 119–125
Wackenheim, Manuel, 63, 65–69, 76
Wakeling, E. J., 72
Washington, George, 39–41
Winckelmann, Johann Joachim, 32–33
World War II, 53
Worth, dignity and, 2, 14–16, 19–20