Books
Abajian, James de T., comp. Blacks in Selected Newspapers, Censuses and Other Sources: An Index to Names and Subjects. Vols. 1, 2, 3. Boston: G. K. Hall & Company, 1977.
Anderson, Jean Bradley. Piedmont Plantation: The Bennehan-Cameron Family and Lands in North Carolina. Durham: University of North Carolina Publisher Association, 2000.
Andrews, William L., ed. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1997.
———. Introduction to Six Women’s Slave Narratives. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
Baker, Roger. Clara: An Ex-Slave in Gold Rush Colorado. Central City, CO: Black Hawk Publishing, 2003.
Berlin, Ira. Generations of Captivity: A History of African-American Slaves. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2003.
Berlin, Ira, Marc Favreau, and Steven F. Miller, eds. Remembering Slavery: African Americans Talk about Their Personal Experiences of Slavery and Freedom. New York: New Press, 1998.
Blassingame, John, ed. Slave Testimonies: Two Centuries of Letters, Speeches, Interviews, and Autobiographies. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1977.
Blight, David W., ed. Passages to Freedom: The Underground Railroad in History and Memory. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books, 2004.
Blockson, Charles L. Hippocrene Guide to the Underground Railroad. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1994.
———. The Underground Railroad: Dramatic Firsthand Accounts of Daring Escapes to Freedom. New York: Berkeley Books, 1987.
Bolden, Tonya. The Book of African-American Women: 150 Crusaders, Creators, and Uplifters. Holbrook, MA: Adams Media, 1996.
Bontemps, Arna. Introduction to Five Black Lives: The Autobiographies of Venture Smith, James Mars, William Grimes, the Reverend G. W. Offley, and James L. Smith. 1855. Reprint, Middleton, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1971.
———. Great Slave Narratives. Boston: Beacon Press, 1969.
Bordewich, Fergus M. Bound for Canaan: The Underground Railroad and the War for the Soul of America. New York: Amistad, 2005.
Botkin, Benjamin Albert. Lay My Burden Down: A Folk History of Slavery. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1945.
Brown, John. Slave Life in Georgia: A Narrative of the Life, Sufferings, and Escape of John Brown, a Fugitive Slave. Savannah, GA: Beehive Press, 1855.
Carbone, Elisa Lynn. Stealing Freedom. New York: Random House, 1999.
Cecelski, David S. The Waterman’s Song: Slavery and Freedom in Maritime North Carolina. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001.
Century, Douglas. Toni Morrison. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1994.
Chase, Henry. In Their Footsteps: The American Visions Guide to African-American Heritage Sites. New York: Henry Holt, 1948.
Coffin, Levi. Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, the Reputed President of the Underground Railroad; Being a Brief History of the Labors of a Lifetime in Behalf of the Slave, with the Stories of Numerous Fugitives, Who Gained Their Freedom through His Instrumentality, and Many Other Incidents. Cincinnati, OH: Western Tract Society, 1876.
Cohen, Anthony. The Underground Railroad in Montgomery County, Maryland: A History and Driving Guide. Rockville, MD: Montgomery County Historical Society, 1995.
Craft, William, and Ellen Craft. Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom: The Escape of William and Ellen Craft from Slavery. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1999. First published 1860 by Brown Thrasher Books, London.
Danforth, Mildred E. A Quaker Pioneer: Laura Haviland, Superintendent of the Underground. New York: Exposition Press, 1961.
DeRamus, Betty. Forbidden Fruit: Love Stories from the Underground Railroad. New York: Atria Books, 2005.
Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself. New York: New American Library, 1968. First published 1845 by Boston Antislavery Society.
Drayton, Daniel. Personal Memoir of Daniel Drayton, for Four Years and Four Months a Prisoner (for Charity’s Sake) in Washington Jail, Including a Narrative of the Voyage and the Capture of the Schooner Pearl. 1855. Reprint, New York: Negro Universities Press, 1969.
Dykstra, Robert R. Bright Radical Star: Black Freedom and White Supremacy on the Hawkeye Frontier. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1997.
Eakin, Sue. Solomon Northup’s Twelve Years a Slave: 1841–1853. Gretna, LA: Pelican Publishing, 1998.
Ex-Slave Narratives. Brooksville, KY: Bracken County Historical Society, 2001.
Fiske, David, Clifford W. Brown, and Rachel Seligman. Solomon Northup: The Complete Story of the Author of “Twelve Years a Slave.” Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2013.
Fleischner, Jennifer. I Was Born a Slave: The Story of Harriet Jacobs. Brookfield, CT: Millbrook Press, 1997.
Foner, Philip S. History of Black Americans from the Compromise of 1850 to the End of the Civil War. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1983.
———. History of Black Americans from the Emergence of the Cotton Kingdom to the Eve of the Compromise of 1850. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1983.
Fradin, Dennis Brindell. Bound for the North Star: True Stories of Fugitive Slaves. New York: Clarion Books, 2000.
Franklin, John Hope, and Alfred A. Moss, Jr. From Slavery to Freedom. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.
Franklin, John Hope, and Loren Schweninger. Runaway Slaves: Rebels on the Plantation. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Gaines, Edith M. Freedom Light: Underground Railroad Stories from Ripley, Ohio. Cleveland, OH: New Day Press, 1991.
Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. Foreword to Unchained Memories: Readings from the Slave Narratives. Boston: Bulfinch Press, 2002.
Goodall, Hurley C., comp. Underground Railroad: The Invisible Road to Freedom through Indiana. Indiana: Works Progress Administration Writers Project, 2000.
Grover, Kathryn. The Fugitive’s Gibraltar: Escaping Slaves and Abolitionism in New Bedford, Massachusetts. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001.
Gutman, Herbert. The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, 1750–1925. New York: Pantheon Books, Vintage, 1976.
Hagedorn, Ann. Beyond the River: The Untold Story of the Heroes of the Underground Railroad. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002.
Hamilton, Virginia. The People Could Fly: American Black Folktales. New York: Knopf, 1985.
Harris, Middleton, comp. The Black Book. With the assistance of Morris Levitt, Roger Furman, and Ernest Smith. New York: Random House, 1974.
Haviland, Laura S. A Woman’s Work: Labors and Experiences of Laura S. Haviland 1808–1898. Cincinnati, OH: Walden & Stowe, 1882.
Helper, Hinton Rowan. The Impending Crisis of the South. New York: A. B. Burdick, 1857.
Hendrick, George and Willene. Fleeing for Freedom: Stories of the Underground Railroad. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2004.
Hilty, Hiram H. By Land and by Sea: Quakers Confront Slavery and Its Aftermath in North Carolina. Greensboro: North Carolina Friends Historical Society, 1993.
Hoobler, Dorothy, and Thomas Hoobler. The African American Family Album. New York: Oxford City Press, 1995.
Horton, James Oliver, and Lois E. Horton. Slavery and the Making of America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Hurmence, Belinda, ed. Forty-Eight Oral Histories of Former North and South Carolina Slaves. New York: Penguin Books, 1990.
Jacobs, Harriet Ann. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. Written by Herself. Boston: Published for the author, 1861.
Jones, Friday. Days of Bondage: Autobiography of Friday Jones, Being a Brief Narrative of His Trials and Tribulations in Slavery. Washington, DC: Commercial Publishing Co., 1883.
Kallen, Stuart A. The Way People Live: Life on the Underground Railroad. San Diego: Lucent Books, 2000.
Landau, Elaine. Slave Narratives: The Journey to Freedom. New York: Franklin Watts, 2001.
Lowery, Linda. One More Valley, One More Hill: The Story of Aunt Clara Brown. New York: Random House, 2002.
Lucas, Marion Brunson. A History of Blacks in Kentucky from Slavery to Segregation, 1760–1891. Frankfort: Kentucky Historical Society, 2003.
Lyons, Mary E. Letters from a Slave Girl: The Story of Harriet Jacobs. New York: Simon Pulse, 1992.
Maruyama, Susan J. Perseverance: African Americans, Voices of Triumph. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1993.
McDougall, Marion Gleason. Fugitive Slaves 1619–1865. New York: Bergman Publishers, 1969.
Mellon, James, ed. Bullwhip Days: The Slaves Remember; An Oral History. New York: Avon Books, 1990.
Miller, Randall M. “Dear Master”: Letters of a Slave Family. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1978.
Miller, Ruth. Black American Literature, 1760–Present. New York: Macmillan, 1971.
Nathans, Sydney. To Free a Family: The Journey of Mary Walker. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012.
Nichols, Charles H. Black Men in Chains. New York: Lawrence Hill Co., 1972.
———. Many Thousand Gone: The Ex-Slaves’ Account of Their Bondage and Freedom. Leiden, Germany: E. J. Brill, 1963.
Nine, Darlene Clark. Black Women in American History from Colonial Times through the Nineteenth Century. Brooklyn, NY: Carlson Publishing, 1990.
Northup, Solomon. Twelve Years a Slave. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2014.
Paynter, John H. Fugitives of Daniel Drayton. New York: AMS Press, 1930.
Perdue, Charles L., Jr., Thomas E. Barden, and Robert K. Phillips, eds. Weevils in the Wheat. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1976.
Pickard, Kate. The Kidnapped and the Ransomed. New York: Negro University Press, 1968.
Rankin, Reverend John. Letters on American Slavery Addressed to Mr. Thomas Rankin, Merchant at Middlebrook, Augusta County, Virginia. Boston: Garrison & Knapp, 1833; and Isaac Knapp, 5th ed., 1839.
Rappaport, Doreen. Freedom River. New York: Jump at the Sun Hyperion Books for Children, 2000.
Rawick, George P., ed. The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography. Federal Writers’ Project. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Co., 1972.
Robertson, Stacey M. Hearts Beating for Liberty: Women Abolitionists in the Old Northwest. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010.
Schlissel, Lillian. Black Frontiers: A History of African-American Heroes in the Old West. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, 1995.
Schneider, Dorothy, and Carl J. Schneider. An Eyewitness History of Slavery in America from Colonial Times to the Civil War. New York: Checkmark Books, 2000.
Seibert, Wilbur Henry. The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom. New York: Russell & Russell, 1967.
Silag, Bill, ed. Outside In: African-American History in Iowa 1838–2000. Des Moines: State Historical Society of Iowa, 2001.
Smedley, Robert C. History of the Underground Railroad in Chester and the Neighboring Counties of Pennsylvania. 1883. Reprint, New York: Negro Universities Press, 1968.
Smith, James L. Autobiography of James L. Smith, Including, Also, Reminiscences of Slave Life, Recollections of the War, Education of Freedmen, Causes of the Exodus, Etc. Miami, FL: Mnemosyne Publishing Co., 1969. First published 1881 by Press of the Bulletin Company, Norwich, CT.
———. Recollections of a Former Slave. New York: Humanity Books, 2004.
Smith, Jessie Carney, ed. Epic Lives: One Hundred Black Women Who Made a Difference. Detroit, MI: Visible Ink Press, 1993.
Sprague, Stuart Seely, ed. The Autobiography of John P. Parker, His Promised Land. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1996.
Steele, James. Freedom’s River: The African-American Contribution to Democracy. Chicago: Franklin Watts, 1994.
Sterling, Dorothy, ed. We Are Your Sisters: Black Women in the Nineteenth Century. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1984.
Still, William. The Underground Railroad. Chicago: Johnson Publishing Company, 1970.
Stowe, Harriet Beecher. A Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin: Presenting the Original Facts and Documents upon Which the Story Is Founded. Together with Corroborative Statements Verifying the Truth of the Work. Boston: John P. Jewett & Co., 1853.
Strother, Horatio T. The Underground Railroad in Connecticut. Middleton, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1962.
Stroyer, Jacob. My Life in the South in Five Slave Narratives, a Compendium. New York: Arno Press and the New York Times, 1968.
Switala, William J. Underground Railroad in Delaware, Maryland, and West Virginia. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2004.
Talmadge, Marian. Barney Ford, Black Baron. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1973.
Thompson, Dr. L. S. The Story of Mattie J. Jackson: Her Parentage, Experience of Eighteen Years in Slavery, Incidents during the War, Her Escape from Slavery; A True Story. Lawrence, MA: Printed at Sentinel Office, 1866.
Troester, Rosalie Riegle, ed. Historic Women of Michigan: A Sesquicentennial Celebration. Lansing: Michigan Women’s Studies Association, 1987.
Yellin, Jean Fagan. Harriet Jacobs: A Life. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2004.
Yetman, Norman, R. Life Under the “Peculiar Institution”: Selections from the Slave Narrative Collection. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970.
Brochures
Exploring a Common Past: Researching and Interpreting the Underground Railroad. US Department of the Interior, National Park Service, History Office, National Register, History, and Education, 1998.
Historic Ripley, Ohio Freedom’s Landing Underground Railroad Tour. Brown County, Ohio, Department of Economic Development, 2004.
John P. Parker 1827–1900. Ripley, OH: John P. Parker Historical Society.
Mary “Polly” Johnson 1784–1871. New Bedford, MA: New Bedford Historical Society.
Rankin House: Home of Reverend John Rankin, Abolitionist Freedom’s Hero. Ripley, OH: Ripley Heritage, 1970.
The Underground Railroad. New Bedford, MA: New Bedford Whaling National Historical Park, 2001.
Magazines
Bea, Lena S. “Mary Walker’s Family Story.” The Harvard Crimson, February 2012.
Beal, M. Gertrude. “The Underground Railroad in Guilford County.” The Southern Friend 2, no. 1 (Spring 1980): 18–28.
Berrier, G. Galin. “The Slaves of Ruel Daggs.” The Iowa Griot, Summer 2002, 6–7. Publication of the African American Historical Museum and Cultural Center of Iowa, Cedar Rapids.
Blockson, Charles L. “Escape from Slavery: The Underground Railroad.” National Geographic, July 1984, 2–39.
Chase, Henry. “Plotting a Course for Freedom; Paul Jennings: White House Memoirist–Servant of President James Madison; Special Issue: The Untold Story of Blacks in the White House.” American Visions 10, no. 1 (February–March 1995): 52–54.
Coon, Diane Perrine. “Great Escapes: The Underground Railroad.” Northern Kentucky Heritage 9, no. 2 (Spring/Summer 2002): 2–12.
Garretson, Owen A. “The Underground Railroad in Iowa.” Iowa Journal of History and Politic, July 1924, 91.
Hatcher, Susan Tucker. “North Carolina Quakers: Bona Fide Abolitionists.” The Southern Friend 1, no. 2 (Autumn 1979): 81–96.
Paynter, John H. “The Fugitives of the Pearl.” Journal of Negro History 1, no. 3 (July 1916): 243–64.
“The Underground Railroad Freedom Center.” Ebony, November 2004, 46–49.
Williams-Meyers, A. J. “Some Notes on the Extent of New York City’s Involvement in the Underground Railroad.” Afro-Americans in New York Life and History 29, no. 2 (July 2005): 73.
Yellin, Jean Fagan. “Written by Herself: Harriet Jacobs’ Slave Narrative.” American Literature 53.3 (1981): 379–486.
Newspapers
Chrastina, Paul. “Disguised as a White Man, Slave Takes Her Husband North.” Old News (Landisville, PA), 1860.
Libby, Sam. “Jail Hill’s Rich History Is Reborn in Research.” New York Times, March 28, 1999.
Ricks, Mary Kay. “Escape on the Pearl.” Washington Post, August 12, 1998.
Robichaux, Mark. “What Really Became of Solomon Northup after His ‘12 Years a Slave’?” Speakeasy, Wall Street Journal, October 23, 2013.
“Slave-Hunters in Boston.” Old Liberator, November 1, 1850. “Some Boy to Attend Tech.” New Bedford Sunday Standard, December 15, 1918.
Yardley, Jonathan. “A Literate Slave Who Ran Away.” Washington Post, March 11, 2012.
Other
African-American Records of Bracken County, Kentucky: 1797–1999. Compiled by Caroline Miller. Vol. 1. Brooksville, KY: Bracken County Historical Society, 2000.
American History Series: A Slave’s Story: Running a Thousand Miles to Freedom. Columbus, OH: Learning Corporation of America, 1990. VHS.
Broadway Christian Church deed. Germantown, KY, 1880.
Found Voices: The Slave Narratives. Princeton, NJ: Films for the Humanities and Sciences, 1999. VHS.
Handy, Delores. “Mary Walker’s Descendants Realize Their Rich Family History.” 90.9 WBUR audio, 4:20. February, 28, 2012. www.wbur.org/2012/02/28/mary-walker-descendants.
Smart-Grosvenor, Vertamae. Slave Voices—Things Past Telling. Produced and distributed by DIVE AUDIO, Beverly Hills, CA, 1992. VHS.
Twelve Years a Slave. Directed by Steve McQueen. 2013; Los Angeles: 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment, 2014. DVD.
Yellin, Jean Fagan. “Harriet Jacobs.” In Dictionary of North Carolina Biography. Edited by William S. Powell. 6 vols. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1979.
Websites
“The African-American Mosaic: A Library of Congress Resource Guide for the Study of Black History & Culture.” Accessed December 10, 2014. www.lcweb.loc.gov/exhibits/african/intro.html.
“Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers’ Project, 1936–1938.” Joint presentation of the Manuscript and Prints and Photographs Divisions of the Library of Congress. Accessed December 10, 2014. www.memory.loc.gov/ammem/snhtml/snhome.html.
“Chesapeake and Delaware Canal.” By Scott M. Kozel. Pennways, Roads to the Future. Accessed December 10, 2014. www.penn ways.com/CD_Canal.html.
“Documenting the American South.” Academic Affairs Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Accessed December 10, 2014. www.docsouth.unc.edu.
“Harriet Jacobs: Selected Writings and Correspondence.” Yale University. Accessed December 10, 2014. www.yale.edu/glc/harriet/docs.htm.
“Lest We Forget: The Triumph over Slavery.” Archives and Special Collections, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library, 2004. Accessed December 10, 2014. http://digital.nypl.org/lwf.
National Underground Railroad Freedom Center. Accessed December 10, 2014. www.freedomcenter.org.
National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom. Accessed December 10, 2014. www.nps.gov/ugrr.
“Pathways to Freedom: Maryland & the Underground Railroad.” Maryland Public Television, 2002. Accessed December 10, 2014. http://pathways.thinkport.org.
Solomon Northup Day, Saratoga Springs Visitor Center. Accessed December 10, 2014. www.saratogaspringsvisitorcenter.com/about-the.../solomon-northup-day.
Solomon Northup Day—A Celebration of Freedom, Skidmore College. Accessed December 10, 2014. www.skidmore.edu/solomon-northup-day.
Interviews
Baloyan, Greg, interviewed by Tricia Martineau Wagner, May 30, 2006.
Baxter, Marla, interviewed by Tricia Martineau Wagner, December 9, 2005.
Coutant, Betty, interviewed by Tricia Martineau Wagner, April 10, 2006.
David, Lynn, interviewed by Tricia Martineau Wagner, December 9, 2005.
Edwards, Lee, interviewed by Tricia Martineau Wagner, April 25, 2006.
Gindy, Gaye E., interviewed by Tricia Martineau Wagner, May 22, 2006.
Johnson, Reverend William, interviewed by Tricia Martineau Wagner, March 4, 2006.
Miller, Caroline, interviewed by Tricia Martineau Wagner, January 5, 2006, March 3, 2006.
Rice, Major Ronald, interviewed by Tricia Martineau Wagner, April 22, 2006.
Schmidt, Eva, interviewed by Tricia Martineau Wagner, April 26, 2006.
Still, Clarence Harrison Jr., interviewed by Tricia Martineau Wagner, February 26, 2006.
Williams, Brenda Rice, interviewed by Tricia Martineau Wagner, April 29, 2006.