NOTES

PROLOGUE: CASTING LOTS FOR HIS GARMENTS, JULY 1802

and a hat: “Private sales, which took place upstairs [sic] among the legatees…22 July 1802,” Box 1, WFC.

his predecessor’s library: William Thornton to Thomas Jefferson, July 28, 1802, TJP.

a century earlier: Prussing, Estate of George Washington, Deceased, 453.

of the war: “Account of Sales…” 1802, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 412; Detweiler, George Washington’s Chinaware, 185.

“affections exemplarily tender”: Lee, Funeral Oration, 10.

a remarkable union: Robert Field, George Washington and Robert Field, Mrs. George Washington, both at YUAG.

“of Mr. Custis?”: Adams, ed., John Adams, Works, 6:462.

costly looking glasses: “Account of Sales…” 1802, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 414–15.

a central attraction: Custis, Recollections, 65.

overgrown with cedars: Rasmussen and Tilton, Washington: Man Behind Myths, 266.

“were perfectly illegible”: Horrell and Oram, “Washington’s ‘Marble colour’d folio book,’ ” 253.

tattered quarto books. Sections 25, 27, Custis Family Papers, VHS.

“folio Book” ledger: Ledger Book 2, f. 111 [1774], Series 5, GWP.

restored, and reordered: Horrell and Oram, “Washington’s ‘Marble colour’d folio book,’ ” passim.

“not do it?”: Thane, Mount Vernon Is Ours, 16.

lived and died!”: Ann Pamela Cunningham to MVLA Board, June 1, 1874, Minutes (1874), 5, MVLA.

constituted “love letters”: GW to Elizabeth Powel, March 26, 1797, PGW.

“in each other”: Showman et al., eds., Greene Papers, 2:54.

on his tomb: Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and Soong May-ling (Madame Chiang Kai-shek), February 22, 1943 [photograph: George R. Skadding], MVLA.

“of the day”: Radio broadcast text, February 22, 1935, Eleanor Roosevelt Papers, Box 1401, FDRL, courtesy of Nancy Roosevelt Ireland.

“cosy little place”: Johnson, Story of a Shrine, 75; Mount Vernon lore.

1: COLONIAL COLONEL

“a military life”: GW to John Stanwix, March 4, 1758, PGW.

all public business: Ibid.

tell a lie: Weems, Life of Washington, 21, 12.

“indicating great strength”: Freeman, Washington, 3:6 n.10.

“of gum arabic”: GW to Sarah Cary Fairfax, November 15, 1757, PGW.

“ten for it”: Sparks, Life of Washington, 2:10.

“he has none”: Freeman, Washington, 1:198–99.

“in the sound”: GW to JAW, May 31, 1754, PGW.

how to behave: Washington, Rules of Civility.

“lay long abed”: Henriques, “Major Lawrence Washington Versus the Reverend Charles Green,” 252.

“his [Fairfax] parentage”: Brown, Virginia Baron, 59.

leave his wealth elsewhere: Ibid.

“Fairfax’s Wife’s sister”: GW to “Robin,” [1749–50], PGW.

“of my life”: GW to George William Fairfax, February 27, 1785, PGW.

“of an enemy”: Sarah Fairfax Carlyle to GW, June 17, 1754, PGW.

“of your attention”: GW to Sarah Cary Fairfax, [June 7, 1755], PGW.

“at Mount Vernon”: Sarah Cary Fairfax et al. to GW, [July 26, 1755], PGW.

“obliged George Washington”: GW to Sarah Cary Fairfax, [March 4, 1758], PGW.

two small children: Ledger Book 1, f. 38, entries for March 15, 25, 1758; f. 39, entry for June 5, 1758; both in Series 5, GWP.

2: DANDRIDGES DAUGHTER

an “agreeable widow”: Robert Stewart to GW, December 29, 1758, n.5, PGW.

much to endure: Zuppan, Letter Book of John Custis IV, 15.

“for Dandridge’s daughter”: Custis v. Moody, Section 11, Deposition of Anne Moody, Custis Family Papers, VHS.

“lady in Virginia”: Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 432 and n.

at the White House: Custis-Lee family Bible, giving date of marriage, Custis Family Papers, VHS.

“as there are”: DPC to R. Cary, May 5, 1755, Etting Collection, HSP, quoted in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 435.

banks of the river: Richard Pye Cook to Mrs. John Stewart, July 16, 1887, quoted in Bryan, First Lady of Liberty, 29 n.8.

a satin dress: John Wollaston, John and Martha Parke Custis, Lee Chapel and Museum, WLU.

her second marriage: Matthew Pratt, The Custis Children, VHS.

“years well grown”: DPC, Invoice Book, 1749–57, Custis Family Papers, VHS.

“and no lining”: Ibid.

“and newest fashion”: Lynch, Custis Chronicles, 114 and n.384.

“[Antigua plaintiffs’ demands]”: DPC to John Mercer, November 2, 1754, Custis Family Papers, VHS.

Robert Cary and Co. in 1754: DPC, Invoice Book, 1749–57, Custis Family Papers, VHS.

sometime in 1756: Freeman, Washington, 2:298.

“3 years old”: DPC, Invoice Book, 1749–57, Custis Family Papers, VHS.

“Patsy” Parke Custis: John Wollaston, Daniel Parke Custis; Martha Dandridge Custis [MW]; John and Martha Parke Custis, Lee Chapel and Museum, WLU.

the following day: Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 15–16.

“cost about £100”: DPC, Invoice Book, 1749–57, Custis Family Papers, VHS.

“river [the James River]”: Martha Dandridge Custis [MW] to Robert Cary & Co., August 20, 1757, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 5–6.

“heels, well sewed”: DPC, Invoice Book, Martha Dandridge Custis to Robert Cary, Invoice, August 20, 1757, Custis Family Papers, VHS.

“in my favour”: Martha Dandridge Custis [MW] to John Hanbury & Co., December 20, 1757, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 21.

were also liable: John Mercer to Martha Dandridge Custis [MW], November 2, 1858, ibid., 56.

3: NORTH AND SOUTH

rejoining his regiment: Ledger Book 1, f. 38, entry for March 15, 1758, Series 5, GWP; GW to Richard Washington, March 18, 1758, PGW.

“to Winchester directly” : GW to John Forbes, April 23, 1758, n., PGW.

“the ensuing campaign”: GW to John Forbes, April 23, 1758, PGW.

further thirty shillings: Ledger Book 1, f. 38, entries for March 16 and 25, 1758, Series 5, GWP.

the Pamunkey River: Custis, Recollections, 499–502.

“of your affections”: Robert Stewart to GW, January 16, 1759, PGW.

“shillings, fourpence ha’penny”: Ledger Book 1, f. 38, entry for March 16, 1758, Series 5, GWP.

Robert Carter Nicholas: Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 3–4.

the lawyer professionally: Robert Carter Nicholas to GW, January 5, 1758, PGW.

“the widow Custis”: Tinling, ed., Correspondence of Byrds, 2:646 and n.

an “agreeable partner”: GW to Richard Washington, May 7, 1759, PGW.

“Consort for Life”: GW to Richard Washington, September 20, 1759, PGW.

“been brought up”: GW to Elizabeth Parke Custis, September 14, 1794, PGW.

censured the match: GW to Francis Dandridge, September 20, 1759, PGW.

“you have made”: MW to John Hanbury & Co., June 1, 1758, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 44.

“broad [field] hoes”: MW to Robert Cary & Co., 1758, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 25–28.

“Custis’s servants 14/6”: Ledger Book 1, f. 39, entry for June 5, 1758, Series 5, GWP.

“got it accomplished”: GW to Francis Fauquier, June 17, 1758, PGW.

she now commissioned: MW to Robert Cary & Co., 1758, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 25–26.

“of human nature”: GW to Sarah Cary Fairfax, September 12, 1758, PGW.

“obliged George Washington”: GW to Sarah Cary Fairfax, September 25, 1758, PGW.

4: MOUNT VERNON, FAIRFAX COUNTY

“loss, losing you”: James Craik to GW, December 20, 1758, PGW.

“I have endured”: GW to the Officers of the Virginia Regiment, January 10, 1759, PGW.

on the occasion: Cadou, George Washington Collection, 244.

lasting several days: Harris, Old New Kent County, 1:118–19; Custis, Recollections, 11.

at Martha’s home: Robert E. Lee to [parishioner] Virginia [surname illegible], October 23, 1869, Archives, St. Peter’s Church, New Kent; Lee, My Father, Lee, 364.

“happiness or misery”: GW to BB, May 23, 1785, PGW.

“Parke Custis, Esquire”: GW to Robert Cary, May 1, 1759, PGW.

“of Fort Duquesne”: Resolution [February 26, 1759], JHB: 1758–1761.

“rubbed and cleaned”: GW to John Alton, Thursday morning [April 5, 1759], PGW.

and inferior windowpanes: GW to Richard Washington, invoice, November 10, 1757, PGW.

“neat—and good”: GW to Richard Washington, April 15, 1757, PGW.

“slab, and covings”: Richard Washington, invoice, November 10, 1757, PGW.

and white hangings: Enclosure, Invoice to Robert Cary & Co., May 1, 1759, PGW.

was to ensue: George William Fairfax to GW, April 15, 1761, PGW.

“merchant & planter”: GW to Robert Cary, April 26, 1763, PGW.

“wide and bustling World”: GW to Richard Washington, September 20, 1759, PGW.

“he has seen”: MW to AMB, June 1, 1760, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 129.

“plantation to stock”: GW to Robert Stewart, [April 27, 1763], PGW.

own Potomac tobacco: Enclosure, Invoice to Robert Cary & Co., May 1, 1759, PGW; GW to Robert Cary, May 1, 1759, and n., PGW.

of the children: Guardian Accounts, April 12, 1762, PGW.

“books very fast”: MW to AMB, August 28, 1762, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 147–48.

“her very much”: MW to Margaret Green, [September 29, 1760], ibid., 131–32.

“drunk,” Washington noted: Diaries, entry for April 9, 1760, PGW.

“his profession” increased: GW to John Armstrong, March 20, 1770, PGW.

“be quite spoiled”: MW to AMB, April 6, 1762, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 146.

home to Eltham: Diaries, entries for January 1760, PGW.

a subscription affair: Diaries, entry for January 12, 1769, PGW.

“hot water sweetened”: Diaries, entry for February 15, 1760, PGW.

“before this time”: MW to AMB, June 1, 1760, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 129.

“it has been”: MW to AMB, April 6, 1762, ibid., 146.

“me,” she wrote: MW to AMB, August 28, 1762, ibid., 147–48.

far outsell his: GW to Robert Cary, April 26, 1763, PGW.

“largeness of it”: GW to Robert Stewart, April 27, 1763, PGW.

5: FAMILY AFFAIRS

“forts or flying”: GW to BB, July 5, 1763, PGW.

“colony to them”: Francis Fauquier to House of Burgesses, May 19, 1763, JHB: 1761–1765, 171.

land due him: GW to Lord Dunmore, November 2, 1773, PGW.

the desolate expanses: Memorandum, October 15, 1763, PGW.

maize and tobacco: GW to BB, July 5, 1763, PGW.

their behalf attest: Guardian Accounts III, Accounts 1762–73, PGW.

“very large fortune”: GW to Jonathan Boucher, May 30, 1768, PGW.

“exceed two guineas”: MW to Mrs. Shelbury, August 10, 1764, PGW.

“MacKay,” dancing master: Guardian Accounts, May 6, 1765, PGW.

of their homes: Diaries, entry for March 13, 1770; Guardian Accounts, May 1, 1771; both in PGW.

an inflated price: “Invoice of Sundries, to be shipped by R. Cary…,” October 12, 1761, WGW.

lessons Stedlar gave: “Cash paid Mr. Stedlar for teaching Mrs. Washington and two children music, £38.14.0,” Ledger Book 1, f. 231, entry for May 7, 1766, Series 5, GWP.

“the Greek testament”: GW to Jonathan Boucher, May 30, 1768, PGW.

records Washington kept: Guardian Accounts for JPC, [May 5, 1769], entry for May 18, 1767, PGW.

“not always that”: GW to Francis Dandridge, September 20, 1765, PGW.

Colonel George Mason: Diaries, entries for March 21, 1763, March 29, 1764, PGW.

“Frugality and industry”: Sparks, Life of Franklin, 294.

“upon their liberties”: GW to Francis Dandridge, September 20, 1765, PGW.

6: ACTS AND ASSOCIATIONS

to “Your Lady”: Robert Stewart to GW, August 18, 1765, PGW.

“disagreeable on yours”: GW to Francis Dandridge, September 20, 1765, PGW.

the Virginia legislature: Robert Stewart to GW, August 18, 1765, PGW.

“as American Freedom”: Van Schreeven, Scribner, and Tarter, eds., Revolutionary Virginia, 1:17–18.

“as Homer wrote”: Randolph, ed., Memoir, Correspondence of Jefferson, 6.

“most of it”: Wirt, Sketches of Henry, 65.

“over the continent”: Carter, ed., Gage Correspondence, 1:67.

then burned them: Account of John Mercer, October 17, 1765, reprinted Virginia Gazette, September 26, 1766.

confession and contrition: John Mercer to Printer, September 12, 1766, Virginia Gazette, September 26, 1766.

resign his office: Francis Fauquier to Board of Trade, November 3, 1765, JHB: 1761–1765, lxix.

spent the night: Ibid., lxix–lxx.

use stamped paper: Van Schreeven, Scribner, and Tarter, eds., Revolutionary Virginia, 1:22–26.

“execrable a design”: McGaughy, Richard Henry Lee, 80 and n.20.

“Repeal of it”: George Washington to Francis Dandridge, September 20, 1765, PGW.

“as useless lumber”: GW to Robert Cary & Co., August 22, 1766, PGW.

“melancholy proofs of”: GW to George Mason, April 5, 1769, PGW.

by the king: November 6, 1766, JHB: 1766–1769, 13.

“Affcetionate [sic] Martha Washington”: LW to GW, March 30, 1767, with Postscript [MW to GW], PGW.

remained in the harbor: Diaries, October 31, 1768, n., PGW.

the Virginians “exceedingly”: Diaries, November 2, 1768, n., PGW.

“in the face”: GW to George Mason, April 5, 1769, and n., PGW.

“the American imports”: George Mason to GW, April 5, 1769, PGW.

“skins of all kinds”: George Mason to GW, April 28, 1769, n.1, PGW.

“instead of earrings”: George Mason to GW, April 28, 1769, PGW.

with immediate effect: May 16, 1769, JHB: 1766–1769, 215–18.

“Luxury and Extravagance”: Van Schreeven, Scribner, and Tarter, eds., Revolutionary Virginia, 1:74–77.

the following day: Virginia Gazette, May 25, 1769.

“universality of it”: GW to BB, June 18, 1769, PGW.

“religiously to it”: GW to Robert Cary, July 25, 1769, PGW.

by the Association: Francis Lightfoot Lee to William Lee, December 17, 1770, Jennings Lee Papers, VHS.

“but more relaxed”: GW to George William Fairfax, June 27, 1770, PGW.

both proscribed items: Fairfax County Associators to Peyton Randolph [c. July 1, 1771], PGW.

“grievances are redressed”: Fairfax County Associators to Peyton Randolph, [c. July 1, 1771], n.2, PGW.

jostled for space: Enclosure, invoice to Robert Cary & Co., July 18, [1771], PGW.

7: FEVERS AND PHYSICIANS

“is very rainy”: LW to GW, August 17, 1767, PGW.

their music lesson: Diaries, entries for February 24, 25, 27, 1768, PGW.

another anticonvulsant: Diaries, entries for June 14, July 11, 1768, PGW.

“very bad ditto”: Diaries, entry for July 31, 1770, and n., PGW.

“15/. Pr. Month”: Diaries, entry for December 17, 1768, PGW.

“& Patsy Custis”: Diaries, entry for July 22, 1768, PGW.

to ride out: GW to Robert Cary & Co., June 20, 1768, GWP.

them to convalesce: GW to Jonathan Boucher, September 4, 1768, PGW.

“fond of cucumbers”: Jonathan Boucher to GW, September 5, 1768, PGW.

Win Him acted”: Diaries, entry for September 20, 1768, PGW.

tenth wedding anniversary: Diaries, entries for November 9, 1768, and January 6, 1769, PGW; William Rumney, receipt, February 18, 1769, Custis Family Papers, VHS.

“I hope he will”: GW to Jonathan Boucher, January 26, 1769, PGW.

“for a decoction”: Diaries, entries for January 30, 31, 1769, and n., PGW.

“away after Breakfast”: Diaries, entry for February 16, 1769, and n., PGW.

was paid £6: Cash Accounts, [February 1769], PGW.

Bassett that June: GW to BB, June 18, 1769, PGW.

hostelry in town: Ledger Book 1, f. 299, entry for December 16, 1769, GWP; Diaries, entries for November, December 1769, PGW.

“Increases than abates”: GW to Thomas Johnson, July 20, 1770, PGW.

or of wheat: GW to Jonathan Boucher, March 26, 1772, n.1, PGW.

“the desired effect”: GW to Jonathan Boucher, June 5, 1771, PGW.

“of Norris’s drops”: Guardian Accounts, [November 3, 1773]: for MPC, entries for May 7, 1771, November 21, 1772, PGW.

“for Miss Custis”: GW to Jonathan Boucher, February 3, 1771, PGW.

“subject to fits”: Miller et al., eds., Peale Papers, 2:2:695.

swelled the order: MW to Mrs. S. Thorpe, July 15, 1772, WGW; GW to Robert Cary, July 15, 1772, PGW.

ball in Alexandria: Cash Accounts, April 1770, PGW; Diaries, entry for July 16, 1772, PGW.

hint of debility: Section 27, Guardian Accounts for MPC, 1761–72, Custis Family Papers, VHS.

tippet or handkerchief: MW to Mrs. S. Thorpe, [July 15, 1772,] in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 151.

“out of her sight”: Miller et al., eds., Peale Papers, 2:2:695.

8: THE SCHOOLING OF JACKY CUSTIS

“middle aged Woman”: Enclosure, invoice to Robert Cary & Co., July 18, [1771], PGW.

“nightgown [casual dress]”: Invoice to Robert Cary & Co., July 15, 1772, PGW.

to Jacky’s account: Charles Willson Peale, Martha Washington, [miniature 1772], MVLA; Guardian Accounts for JPC, entry for May 30, 1772, Section 25, Custis Family Papers, VHS.

“will often fall”: Jonathan Boucher to GW, May 9, 1770, PGW.

“part with him”: GW to Jonathan Boucher, July 9, 1771, PGW.

“to be neglected”: GW to Jonathan Boucher, February 3, 1771, PGW.

“be for it”: GW to Jonathan Boucher, April 20, 1771, PGW.

“in high Spirits”: Jonathan Boucher to GW, April 11, 1771, PGW.

“prove very injurious”: GW to Jonathan Boucher, April 20, 1771, PGW.

“on his Face”: Jonathan Boucher to GW, April 19, 1771, PGW.

on May 3: Jonathan Boucher to GW, May 3, 1771, PGW.

“in his Ruin”: GW to Jonathan Boucher, June 5, 1771, PGW.

dominate over reason: Jonathan Boucher to GW, May 21, 1770, PGW.

“than she expected”: GW to Jonathan Boucher, July 9, 1771, PGW.

“to be avoided”: GW to Jonathan Boucher, June 5, 1771, PGW.

“her only hope”: GW to Jonathan Boucher, July 9, 1771, PGW.

was the result: GW to Jonathan Boucher, May 21, 1772, PGW.

resolute and stern: Charles Willson Peale, George Washington, 1772, Lee Chapel and Museum, WLU.

“Man I am”: GW to Jonathan Boucher, May 21, 1772, PGW.

souvenirs of the visit: Charles Willson Peale, Martha Washington, John Parke Custis, Martha Parke Custis miniatures [1772], MVLA.

“Conduct may be”: GW to Jonathan Boucher, December 16, 1770, PGW.

“how to describe”: Jonathan Boucher to GW, December 18, 1770, PGW.

“low, loose Company”: GW to Jonathan Boucher, February 3, 1771, PGW.

“of that Gentleman”: GW to Jonathan Boucher, June 5, 1771, PGW.

“Lumber by Rote”: Jonathan Boucher to GW, November 19, 1771, PGW.

“always in controversy”: GW to Jonathan Boucher, July 9, 1771, PGW.

“of general complaint”: GW to Jonathan Boucher, January 7, 1773, PGW.

“the other [Philadelphia]”: Jonathan Boucher to GW, January 19, 1773, PGW.

“the principal Expenses”: Myles Cooper to Jonathan Boucher, March 22, 1773, quoted in Jonathan Boucher to GW, April 8, 1773, n.2, PGW.

“her in Marriage”: GW to Benedict Calvert, April 3, 1773, PGW.

at King’s: GW to Benedict Calvert, April 3, 1773, PGW.

“by your daughter”: Ibid.

state of affairs: Benedict Calvert to GW, April 8, 1773, PGW.

“a darling child”: Jonathan Boucher to GW, April 8, 1773, PGW.

“of this passion”: Ibid.

“exceeding good Character”: GW to BB, April 20, 1773, PGW.

and a farce: Diaries, entries for April, May 1773, PGW.

“the progress of it”: GW to Myles Cooper, May 31, 1773, PGW.

of the Broadway: JPC to GW, July 5, 1773, PGW.

9: DEATH AND ADJUSTMENT

“wind being southerly”: Diaries, entries for June 1773; and Account of the Weather in June [1773], both in PGW.

“or scarce a sigh”: GW to BB, June 20, 1773, PGW.

“for her recovery”: EPC to Jared Sparks, February 26, 1833, quoted in Sparks, Life of Washington, 522.

“hitherto has trod”: GW to BB, June 20, 1773, PGW.

“to aim at”: GW to BB, April 20, 1773, PGW.

“ebb of Misery”: GW to BB, June 20, 1773, PGW.

“belt, swivels, etc.”: GW to Robert Cary & Co., July 26, 1773, n.1, PGW.

“for Second Mourning”: GW to Robert Cary & Co., Enclosure, Invoice, July 10, 1773, PGW.

friends and relatives: GW to Robert Cary & Co., July 12, 1773, and n., PGW.

“(Betsy being married)”: GW to BB, June 20, 1773, PGW.

mother and her brother: GW to Robert Cary & Co., November 10, 1773, PGW.

lodgings in New York: JPC to GW, July 5, 1773, PGW.

measure of amusement: JPC to MW, July 5, [1773], in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 152–53.

his pupil’s industry: John Vardill to GW, September 20, 1773, PGW.

the Human Mind: GW to Robert Cary & Co., October 6, 1773, PGW.

Parke Custis side: Diaries, entries for November 1773, PGW.

“Kind of necessity”: GW to Myles Cooper, December 15, 1773, PGW.

other nuptial expenses: Diaries, entries for January 3, 30 [31], 1774, and nn., PGW.

“a late dinner”: Diaries, entries for February 1774, PGW.

“time in Maryland”: GW to Myles Cooper, April 15, 1774, PGW.

“the divine will”: JPC to MW, July 5, [1773], in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 152–53.

“with Gold Fringe”: Diaries, entry for February 24, 1774, PGW.

the early summer: Diaries, entry for May 7, 1774, PGW.

“Goats and Geese”: William Ramsay, Robert Adam, and Carlyle & Dalton to GW and John West, May 16, 1774, PGW.

“by water” from Eltham: Diaries, entry for June 4, 1774, PGW.

“out without loss”: GW to Robert Cary & Co., November 10, 1773, PGW.

“& different Heights”: LW to GW, November 12, 1775, PGW.

“the dining room”: GW to George William Fairfax, June 10[–15], 1774, and nn.3, 25, PGW.

in five installments: Hugh Mercer to GW, March 21, 1774, and n.1, PGW.

at a time: GW to Robert Cary & Co., June 1, 1774, PGW.

“sacrificed by piecemeal”: GW to George William Fairfax, June 10[–15], 1774, PGW.

10: CONTINENTAL ARMY

“of civil war”: Randolph, ed., Memoir, Correspondence…of Jefferson (1829), 1, 5.

the following month: GW to George William Fairfax, June 10[–15], 1774, PGW.

preserve those rights: Fairfax County Resolves, [July 18, 1774], PGW.

“ ‘with you gentlemen’ ”: Mays, ed., Pendleton, 2:98.

“such arbitrary Sway”: GW to Bryan Fairfax, August 24, 1774, PGW.

“fearful, timid, skittish”: John Adams to Abigail Adams, September 25, 1774, AFP.

“but an American”: John Adams, Diary 22a, Notes on debates…, September 6, 1774, APF.

hero’s financial worries: Silas Deane to Elizabeth Deane, September 10[–19], 1774, LDC.

lawyer Joseph Reed: Diaries, entries for September 1774, PGW.

“of North America”: GW to Robert McKenzie, October 9, 1774, PGW.

tailored that autumn: Fairfax Independent Company to GW, October 19, 1774, n., PGW.

“Sling Cartouch-Box, and Tomahawk”: Resolutions of Fairfax County Committee, [January 17, 1775], PGW; Diaries, entry for January 16, 1775, PGW.

“for that purpose”: Van Schreeven, Scribner, and Tarter, eds., Revolutionary Virginia, 2:366–69.

“if need be”: GW to JAW, March 25, 1775, PGW.

city’s own interests: Edmund Pendleton to GW, April 21, 1775, n.2, PGW.

the colonial capital: Spotsylvania Independent Company to GW, April 26, 1775, PGW.

“in his choice?”: GW to George William Fairfax, May 31, 1775, PGW.

“among the delegates”: Richard Henry Lee to William Lee, May 10, 1775, Lee Papers, VHS.

“a tyrannical ministry”: May 11, 1775, recording Letter from the Provincial Congress of Mass., May 3, 1775, JCC.

“was a soldier!”: John Adams to Abgail Adams, May 29, 1775, APF.

“effusion of blood”: June 12, 1775, JCC.

“they do now”: Gage to William, Earl of Dartmouth, June 25, 1775, in Alden, General Gage, 204.

“right of America”: June 2, 1775, recording Letter from the Provincial Congress of Mass., May 16, 1775, JCC.

was thus born: June 14, 1775, JCC.

“of American liberty”: June 15, 1775, JCC.

left the chamber: John Adams autobiography, pt. 1, sheet 20/53, June–August 1773, AFP.

“avoid this appointment”: GW to MW, June 18, 1775, PGW.

an “exact account”: Address to the Continental Congress, [June 16, 1775], PGW.

“times Seven years”: GW to MW, June 18, 1775, PGW.

“beyond my experience”: GW to Officers of Five Virginia Independent Companies, June 20, 1775, PGW.

“in great degree”: John Adams to Abigail Adams, June 11–17, 1775, AFP.

“your own Pen”: GW to MW, June 18, 1775, PGW.

enliven her spirits: GW to BB, June 19, 1775; GW to JPC, June 19, 1775; both in PGW.

“very disagreeable Sensations”: GW to JAW, June 20, 1775, PGW.

11: TAKING COMMAND, 1775

“20/. a yard”: GW to MW, June 18, 1775, PGW.

“entire Go: Washington”: GW to MW, June 23, 1775, PGW.

“too narrow Limits”: GW to Philip Schuyler, June 25, 1775, PGW.

“as this colony”: GW to John Hancock, June [25], 1775, and nn.1–4, PGW.

American army—positions: GW to JAW, July 27, 1775, PGW.

before his arrival: Revolutionary War Expense Account, f. 2, July 15, 1775, Series 5, GWP.

supply the establishment: Ibid., July 19, 1775.

and any guests: Ibid., July 24, 1775.

“order, or Government”: GW to JAW, July 27, 1775, PGW.

“& nasty people”: GW to LW, August 20, 1775, PGW.

“health and service”: General Orders, July 4, 1775, PGW.

yellow or buff”: General Orders, July 23, 1775, PGW.

“the United provinces”: General Orders, August 5, 1775, PGW.

“glad to get”: GW to LW, August 20, 1775, PGW.

“and avowed rebellion”: MacDonald, Documentary Source Book, 189–90.

best he could: GW to John Hancock, August 4, 1775, PGW.

“and my Papers”: GW to LW, August 20, 1775, PGW.

“Militia of England”: BB to GW, August 30, 1775, PGW.

“as a Volunteer”: John Hancock to GW, July 10, 1775, PGW.

“got a girl”: Peyton Randolph to GW, September 6, 1775, PGW.

“a painful moment”: GW to Samuel Washington, September 30, 1775, PGW.

in no danger: LW to GW, October 5, 1775, PGW.

clashes with claimants: LW to GW, October 15, 1775, PGW.

“her being present”: LW to GW, October 29, 1775, PGW.

“take him long”: LW to GW, October 15, 1775, PGW.

“Army in Winter”: LW to GW, October 5, 1775, PGW.

“her own choice”: GW to JAW, October 13, 1775, PGW.

“would permit her”: LW to GW, October 29, 1775, PGW.

“rather ill judge’d”: LW to GW, November 5, 1775, PGW.

“required of him”: Fielding Lewis to GW, November 14, 1775, PGW.

“she left home”: LW to GW, November 14, 1775, PGW.

“can be Collected”: LW to GW, November 24, 1775, PGW.

he saw fit: Fairfax County Committee of Correspondence to GW, November 14, 1775, PGW.

“that of Housekeeping”: Lund Washington to GW, November 14, 1775, PGW.

“my own House”: GW to Joseph Reed, November 20, 1775, PGW.

correspondent in Alexandria: MW to Elizabeth Ramsay, December 30, 1775, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 164–66.

“troops in Boston!”: John Adams to Mercy Otis Warren, November 25, 1775, LDC.

12: BESIEGING BOSTON, 1775–1776

“diversions and entertainments”: October 20, 1774, JCC.

“unto her own”: Duane, ed., Remembrances of Marshall, 53.

“he so returned”: Ibid.

“Embarrassment to both”: John Adams autobiography, pt. 1, sheet 32/53, February 26–March 14, 1776, AFP.

“against his return”: Benjamin Harrison to GW, July 21[–24], 1775, and n., PGW.

“very great somebody”: MW to Elizabeth Ramsay, December 30, 1775, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 164–65.

end of December: Ibid.

“sheet of orders”: Charles Lee to GW, February 19, 1776, PGW.

“degree, a penman”: GW to Joseph Reed, November 20, 1775, PGW.

Stephen Moylan: GW to Joseph Reed, January 23, 1776, PGW.

wrote the secretary: William Bartlett to GW, December 9, 1775, n.3, PGW.

mayhem at headquarters: Ebenezer Austin, Revolutionary War Household Expense Accounts, 1775–76, entries for December 11, 12, 22, 1775, Series 5, GWP.

“pretty, I think”: MW to Elizabeth Ramsay, December 30, 1775, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 164–65.

“Loaves of Sugar”: Pierre Penet and Emmanuel de Pliarne to GW, [December 18, 1775], PGW.

stay to dine: Cooper, “Diary of Samuel Cooper,” 328.

on December 31: GW to John Hancock, December 4, 1775, PGW.

to date repaid: Diaries, entry for January 4, 1775, and n., PGW.

of her child: MW to AMB, January 31, 1776, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 166–67.

alarmed her greatly: Hoyt, “Self-Portrait: Eliza Custis,” 93.

as she could: MW to Elizabeth Ramsay, December 30, 1775, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 164–66.

“Mrs Gates the same”: Historic Guide to Cambridge, 88.

“are remarkably heavy”: GW to John Hancock, December 25, 1775, PGW.

the enemy forces: GW to John Hancock, December 31, 1775, PGW.

“together, without [powder]”: GW to John Hancock, January 4, 1776, PGW.

“to this time”: GW to Joseph Reed, January 4, 177[6], PGW.

“approved,” he wrote: Sparks, Library of American Biography, 17:405–6.

“all his enemies”: Prayer for the King’s Majesty, Book of Common Prayer.

on January 2: Sparks, Library of American Biography, 17:405–6.

“View…entirely Continental”: General Orders, January 1, 1776, PGW.

“Tenderness and Mercy”: Parliamentary History, 18:695–97.

“not their oppression”: GW to John Hancock, January 4, 1776, and n.6, PGW.

“pot luck” at headquarters: GW to John Adams, January 7, 1776, PGW.

“Mrs Warren has given”: MW to Mercy Otis Warren, January 8, 1776, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 166.

Roxbury to Boston: GW to Joseph Reed, January 14, 1776, PGW.

with new respect: John Adams Diary, entry for January 24, 1776, AFP.

“I came here”: MW to AMB, January 31, 1776, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 166–67.

into Boston Bay: GW to John Hancock, February 18[–21], 1776, PGW.

“after 2 o’Clock”: Invitation to Henry and Lucy Flucker Knox, February 1, [1776], PGW.

“only Can show”: GW to BB, February 28, 1776, PGW.

notice the occupation: GW to Joseph Reed, February 26[–March 9], 1776, PGW.

“& equally cheap”: Henry Knox to Lucy Flucker Knox, c. March 5–17, 1776, Henry Knox Papers, GLC.

“entire and untouch’d”: GW to John Hancock, March 19, 1776, PGW.

the date April 1, 1776: Ebenezer Austin, Revolutionary War Household Expense Accounts, March 1775–76, entry for April 1, 1776, Series 5, GWP.

“scenes of War”: Butterfield et al., eds., Adams Family Correspondence, 1:385–86.

his brother John Augustine: GW to JAW, March 31, 1776, PGW.

13: NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA, 1776

“a material odds”: GW to John Hancock, April 23, 1776, PGW.

“field of conjecture”: GW to John Hancock, May 5, 1776, PGW.

“troops from hence”: GW to John Hancock, April 25[–26], 1776, PGW.

“Transactions may occasion”: JPC to GW, June 10, 1776, PGW.

on April 29: GW to JAW, April 29, 1776, PGW.

“you are apart”: JPC to GW, June 10, 1776, PGW.

clients of late: John Hancock to GW, May 21, 1776, and n.3., PGW.

the regulars there: GW to JAW, May 31[–June 4], 1776, PGW.

“Infection was received”: GW to BB, June 4, 1776, PGW.

“in this Manner”: GW to JAW, May 31[–June 4], 1776, PGW.

over one breast: Joseph Hiller, after Charles Willson Peale, His Excellency George Washington, Esq., [mezzotint, c. 1777]; Hiller, after Peale, Lady Washington, mezzotint [after 1776]: both in Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

“shape or other”: John Adams to Abigail Adams, August 25, 1776, AFP.

for her son: Charles Willson Peale, Martha Washington, [miniature, 1776], YUAG; Peale, Martha Washington, [miniature, 1772], MVLA.

throughout the war: Charles Willson Peale, George Washington, [miniature, 1776], MVLA.

“noble a vote”: GW to JAW, May 31[–June 4], 1776, PGW.

“life and liberty…”: Van Schreeven, Scribner, and Tarter, eds., Revolutionary Virginia, 7:450.

“Work of a day”: GW to JAW, May 31[–June 4], 1776, PGW.

declared “totally dissolved”: Van Schreeven, Scribner, and Tarter, eds., Revolutionary Virginia, 7:650.

in the north: GW to JAW, May 31[–June 4], 1776, PGW.

Arch Street home; John Hancock to GW, June 10, 1776, PGW.

“and independent states”: June 7, 1776, JCC.

into sudden confusion: John Hancock to GW, June [10], 1776, PGW.

“to much inconvenience”: GW to James Clinton, June 28, 1776, and n.1, PGW.

“approbation of it”: GW to John Hancock, July 10, 1776, PGW.

“of this Summer”: GW to JAW, July 22, 1776, PGW.

“may be true”: JPC to MW, August 21, 1776, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 171.

“of this Continent”: GW to LW, August 19, 1776, PGW.

“to do at Cambridge”: MW to AMB, August 28, 1776, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 172.

“she has suffered”: JPC to MW, August 21, 1776, ibid., 170–71.

“an easy rate”: GW to LW, August 26, 1776, PGW.

“dictate” till now: GW to John Hancock, August 31, 1776, PGW.

Jersey shore opposite: GW to John Hancock, September 8, 1776, PGW.

“since I was born”: GW to LW, September 30, 1776, PGW.

14: RETREAT TO THE DELAWARE, 1776–1777

“chance for reputation”: GW to LW, September 30, 1776, PGW.

defense of America: GW to LW, October 6, 1776, PGW.

“least Earthly Service”: GW to SW, October 5, 1776, PGW.

“during the War”: GW to John Hancock, September 2, 1776, PGW.

“plan of operations”: GW to LW, September 30, 1776, PGW.

“& Weeping Willow”: GW to LW, August 19, 1776, PGW.

“least troublesome part”: LW to GW, January 31, 1776, PGW.

“must have Fish”: LW to GW, February 8, 1776, PGW.

“a masterly manner”: GW to LW, September 30, 1776, PGW.

“Beef, & Toddy”: LW to GW, February 15, 1776, PGW.

“make your residence”: GW to JPC, July 24, 1776, PGW.

“Part of one”: JPC to GW, June 10, 1776, PGW.

“the other Rooms”: LW to GW, December 10, 1775, PGW.

“Quantity of Corn”: LW to GW, December 24, 1777, PGW.

“these troublesome times”: LW to GW, January 17, 1776, PGW.

“I have life”: GW to LW, September 30, 1776, PGW.

“a single Letter”: John Hancock to GW, October 28, 1776, and nn.1, 2, PGW.

“of the Contents”: William Howe to GW, November 11, 1776, PGW.

“into his possession”: GW to John Hancock, November 14, 1776, PGW.

“of a Disappointment”: John Hancock to GW, October 28, 1776, n.2, PGW.

he told Hancock: GW to John Hancock, November 14, 1776, PGW.

a way forward: GW to JAW, November 6[–19], 1776, n.10, PGW.

“befall an Army”: GW to Joseph Reed, November 30, 1776, n.1, PGW.

“Quarter Master’s department”: GW to John Hancock, November 19[–21], 1776, PGW.

“Firmness of Mind”: GW to Joseph Reed, November 30, 1776, n.1, PGW.

“at this Business.” GW to John Hancock, November 23, 1776, n.2, PGW.

“founded in necessity”: GW to John Hancock, November 30, 1776, PGW.

“than without me”: GW to Joseph Reed, November 30, 1776, n.1, PGW.

“prompted me to”: GW to Joseph Reed, November 30, 1776, PGW.

“cabinet of fortitude”: [Paine], The American Crisis (No. 1), [Boston, 1776], broadside, ATC.

“the Enemys numbers”: GW to LW, December 10[–17], 1776, PGW.

“of British Tyranny”: Bartholomew Dandridge to GW, January 16, 1777, PGW.

“the Postilion before”: GW to LW, December 10[–17], 1776, PGW.

“pretty near up”: GW to SW, December 18, 1776; GW to JAW, December 18, 1776; both in PGW.

“procure my liberty”: Happel, Chatham, 14.

“fatal to us”: GW to Joseph Reed, December 23, 1776. PGW.

“in pressing forward”: GW to John Hancock, December 27, 1776, PGW.

Princeton field hospital: Butterfield, ed., Rush Letters, 1:125–27.

“refresh” the army: GW to John Hancock, January 7, 1777, PGW.

of the army: GW to John Hancock, January 5, 1777, PGW.

“try men’s souls”: [Paine], The American Crisis (No. 1), [Boston, 1776], broadside, ATC.

“needle or awl”: Sellers, “Peale, Artist-Soldier,” 283.

“Most Obedient servant”: GW to Robert Morris, January 5, 1777, PGW.

“on domestic matters”: GW to Robert Morris, January 13, 1777, PGW.

“to distinguished Acts”: GW to JPC, January 22, 1777, PGW.

“in good time”: Bartholomew Dandridge to GW, January 16, 1777, PGW.

“army lay there”: Fitzpatrick, George Washington’s Accounts, 97–98.

“in that City”: GW to the Commanding Officer in Philadelphia, March 6, 1776, PGW.

“of a Camp”: GW to SW, March 15, 1777, PGW.

“on his Acc’t”: GW to John Hancock, March 29, 1777, PGW.

“an army assembled”: GW to SW, April 5, 1777, PGW.

15: MORRISTOWN AND BRANDYWINE, 1777

“every dry day!”: John Armstrong to GW, December 30, 1777, PGW.

“in each other”: Showman et al., eds., Greene Papers, 2:54.

name Martha Dandridge: Moore, Diary, 1:192.

“being left alone”: GW to MW, June 18, 1775, PGW.

“as she calls him”: Martha Dangerfield Bland to Frances Bland Randolph, May 12, 1777, Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society (Newark, July 1933), 152, cited in Thompson, “ ‘As if I had Been a Very Great Somebody,’ ” 42–43 and 43 n.76, MVLA.

“her husband madly”: Idzerda et al., eds., Lafayette in the American Revolution, 1:225.

“damp upon ours?”: GW to Robert Morris, March 2, 1777, PGW.

“in to Philadelphia”: GW to John Hancock, February 5, 1777, PGW.

“of this Month”: GW to John Hancock, March 14, 1777, PGW.

“keeping it out”: GW to Patrick Henry, April 13, 1777, PGW.

“of our Youth”: GW to Landon Carter, April 15, 1777, PGW.

“in their Transports”: GW to John Hancock, April 9, 1777, PGW.

“to the Visitors”: Martha Dangerfield Bland to Frances Bland Randolph, May 12, 1777, Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society (Newark, July 1933), 152, cited in Thompson, “ ‘As If I had Been a Very Great Somebody,’ ” 42–43 and 43 n.76, MVLA.

“Mrs Washington bought”: Caleb Gibbs and Mary Smith, 1776–80, Revolutionary War Household Expenses, entry for April 11, March 1777, GWP.

on May 1: Ibid., entry for May 7, 1777, GWP; GW to Caleb Gibbs, May 1, 1777, and nn. 3 and 5, PGW.

“the American States”: Thomas Mifflin to GW, June 11, 1777, n.2, PGW.

of the city: Virginia Gazette, August 8, 1777; Moore, Diary, 1:477.

“superiority over another”: General Orders, July 6, 1777, PGW.

“of my reasoning”: GW to Philip Schuyler, July 15, 1777, PGW.

“succours can arrive”: GW to John Hancock, July 25, 1777, PGW.

“the fore noon”: GW to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., July 31, 1777, PGW.

“in the Carolinas”: Du Motier, Memoirs of Lafayette, 1:19.

“soon as possible”: GW to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., August 4, 1777, PGW.

a family gathering: Bartholomew Dandridge to GW, August 22, 1777, PGW.

throughout the state: JPC to GW, August 8, 1777, PGW.

“of my abilities”: JPC to GW, September 11, 1777, PGW.

“W[eigh]t 113 oz”: JPC to GW, Postscript, MW to GW, September 11, 1777, PGW.

“in the field”: GW to John Hancock, September 11, 1777, PGW.

and pursuit “impracticable”: GW to Thomas Nelson, September 27, 1777, PGW.

“in our favour”: GW to SW, October 27, 1777, PGW.

“and retreated precipitately”: GW to Benjamin Harrison, October 5, 1777, PGW.

“stroke of providence”: GW to JAW, October 18, 1777, PGW.

“agreeable to her”: JPC to GW, October 26, 1777, PGW.

in due course: GW to JPC, November 14, 1777, PGW.

other business there: JPC to GW, October 26, 1777, PGW.

“much as possible”: GW to SW, October 27, 1777, PGW.

“fat as a pig”: MW to AMB, November 18, 1777, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 174–75.

“as I live”: MW to BB, December 22, 1777, ibid., 175–76.

“full of horses”: LW to GW, December 24, 1777, PGW.

“some time ago”: JPC to GW, January 14, 1778, PGW.

“and uncomfortably provided”: GW to JPC, February 1, 1778, PGW.

16: VALLEY FORGE, 1777–1778

“perhaps of Militia?”: GW to Henry Laurens, December 23, 1777, PGW.

“without a murmur”: GW to John Banister, April 21, 1778, PGW.

“none at all”: GW to Henry Laurens, December 23, 1777, PGW.

“of the troops”: General Orders, December 20, 1777, n.1, and December 18, 1777, PGW.

“days provisions beforehand”: GW to Continental Congress Camp Committee, January 29, 1778, PGW.

“objects of importance”: Nathanael Greene to GW, [January 1778], PGW.

and “injurious” insinuations: GW to Henry Laurens, January 31, 1778, PGW.

“only a man”: Henry Laurens to GW, January 27, 1778, n.1, PGW.

“work among us”: Henkles, ed., Robert Morris Correspondence, 165–67.

“Necessary to Conquer”: Lafayette to GW, December 30, 1777, PGW.

“imputation of error”: GW to Henry Laurens, January 31, 1778, PGW.

batteries too soon: Sparks, ed., Writings of Washington, 5:508.

“to insult him”: Henkles, ed., Robert Morris Correspondence, 17–19.

of other states: GW to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., February 6, 1778, PGW.

He dreaded mutiny: GW to William Buchanan, February 7, 1777, PGW.

“them at nights”: GW to Thomas Wharton, April 10, 1778, n.2, PGW.

“of the camp”: Committee at Camp to Henry Laurens, February 12, 1778, LDC.

“one day’s allowance”: General Orders, February 15, 1778, source note, PGW.

went the cry: Duponceau, “Autobiographical Letters,” 180.

“expected in general”: MW to Mercy Otis Warren, March 7, 1778, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 177–78.

cheese, and oysters: Caleb Gibbs and Mary Smith, 1776–80, Revolutionary War Household Expenses, entries for February, March 1778, Series 5, GWP.

“for a song”: Duponceau, “Authobiographical Letters,” 179, 181.

“kind of woman”: GW to Thomas Wharton, April 6, 1778, n.1, PGW.

“a female companion”: Boudinot, Life of Boudinot, 1:106, 115.

“altogether with them”: MW to Mercy Otis Warren, March 7, 1778, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 177–78.

“been a boy”: JPC to MW, April 3, 1778, ibid., 178–79.

of His Excellency: Miller et al., eds., Peale Papers, 1:266, 271.

“certainly wants animation”: GW to JPC, February 1, 1778, n.1, PGW.

“during these troubles”: GW to LW, February 28, 1778, PGW.

scaffolding must remain: LW to GW, April 22, 1778, PGW.

“our own people”: LW to GW, April 8, 1778, PGW.

“not be neglected” : Simms, ed., Laurens Army Correspondence, 114–18, 124–25.

of lesser value: Nicholas Cooke to GW, February 23, 1778, PGW.

“quit of Negroes”: GW to LW, August 15, 1778, PGW.

“hanged than separated”: LW to GW, February 18, 1778, and LW to GW, March 4, 1778, both in PGW.

“stowed in it”: Baker, “Exchange of Major-General Charles Lee,” 31–32.

“allurements of peace”: GW to John Banister, April 21, 1778, PGW.

Congress at York: GW to Henry Laurens, April 20, 1778, PGW.

“huzzaed several times”: Baker, Itinerary, 128.

17: PHILADELPHIA AND MIDDLEBROOK, NEW JERSEY, 1778–1779

in the afternoon: GW to Henry Laurens, June 18, 1778, PGW.

“whole advanced body”: GW to Charles Lee, June 26, 1778, PGW.

“their best Troops”: GW to JAW, July 4, 1778, PGW.

“over the Enemy”: Benedict Arnold to GW, June 30, 1778, PGW.

open for shipping: JPC to GW, May 11, 1778, PGW.

“capable of improvement”: GW to JPC, May 26, 1778, PGW.

“one to me”: GW to JPC, August 3, 1778, PGW.

“America better known”: GW to JPC, May 26, 1778, PGW.

by a single manager: JPC to GW, July 15, 1778, PGW.

“at a distance”: GW to JPC, August 3, 1778, PGW.

“honour of France”: John Sullivan to GW, August 23, 1778, n.2, PGW.

“soon be familiarized”: Thomas Nelson to GW, August 11, 1778, PGW.

“Time will show”: GW to Thomas Nelson, August 20, 1778, PGW.

“for an uncertainty”: GW to JPC, October 12, 1778, PGW.

“about the Plantn”: GW to James Hill, October 27, 1778, PGW.

“unfold their views”: GW to Burwell Bassett, October 30, 1778, PGW.

“at this time”: GW to JAW, October 26, 1778, PGW.

“sent her one”: MW to Bartholomew Dandridge, November 2, 1778, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 180–81.

“into these prices”: John Mitchell to GW, October 16, 1778; and John Mitchell to GW, October 20, 1778, both in PGW.

“a private family”: GW to John Mitchell, November 11, 1778, PGW.

of other rooms: GW to Nathanael Greene, December 4, 1778, and n.2, PGW.

on December 20: Showman et al., Papers of Greene, 3:121.

reunited with Martha: GW to Alexander Stirling, December 21, 1778, n.1, PGW.

the State House: GW to Continental Congress Committee of Conference, January 8, 1779, PGW.

“in that country”: Simms, ed., Laurens Army Correspondence, 230–31.

boasted 160 dishes: Greene, Life of Greene, 2:168.

while in Philadelphia: GW to Philip Schuyler, February 11, 1779, PGW.

eldest granddaughter, Bet: MW to JPC and ECPC, March 19, 1779 [wrongly dated by MW 1778], in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 181.

“years that night”: Sarah Bache to Benjamin Franklin, January 17, 1779, PBF 28:1778–79.

trust in “Providence”: GW to Benjamin Harrison, December 18–30, 1778, PGW.

“good a man”: GW to the Magistrates of Philadelphia, December 25, 1778, n., citing text of address made to him, December 29, 1778, PGW.

city had occasioned: GW to John Jay, January 29, 1779, PGW.

“of a medal”: Morgan and Fielding, Washington Life Portraits, 57–58.

“of his Estate”: GW to LW, December 17, 1778, PGW.

loss he was: GW to LW, February 24, 1779, PGW.

“waggon-load of provisions”: GW to John Jay, April 23, 1779, PGW.

“strength and substance”: GW to Gouverneur Morris, May 8, 1779, PGW.

“in that quarter”: MW to JPC and ECPC, March 19, 1778[1779], in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 181.

designed to engender: Thacher, Military Journal, 157.

“in the State”: Henry Knox to William Knox, February 28, 1779, Henry Knox Papers, GLC.

at Mount Vernon: GW to John Mitchell, February 17, 1779, PGW.

“pretty little frisk”: Showman et al., eds., Greene Papers, 3:354.

“cannon and musketry”: Thacher, Military Journal, 159.

being June 3: GW to LW, May 29, 1779, n.7, PGW.

18: THE HARD WINTER: MORRISTOWN, 1779–1780

“not hurt us”: GW to Nicholas Rogers, May 28, 1779 and n., WGW.

against British attack: GW to JAW, June 20, 1779, WGW.

“in the state”: Harbin, “Letters from John Parke Custis,” 279–80.

“experience many inconveniences”: GW to Philip Schuyler, June 9, 1779, PGW.

“in the night”: GW to Anthony Wayne, July 9, 1779, PGW.

“was taken…£10.10”: Caleb Gibbs and Mary Smith, 1776–80, Revolutionary War Household Expenses, entry for December 25, 1779, Series 5, GWP.

“to our independence”: John Jay to GW, July 20, 1779, LDC.

“of no value”: GW to Edmund Randolph, August 1, 1779, WGW.

fruit for meat: GW to John Cochran, August 16, 1779, WGW.

they expected news: MW to JPC and ECPC, March 19, 1778[1779], in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 181.

“men and provisions”: Henry Laurens to John Laurens, September 27, 1779, LDC.

“Fairfax this winter”: Harbin, “Letters from John Parke Custis,” 278–79.

“Valley Forge scene?”: Henry Laurens to GW, October 7, 1779, LDC.

“free and independent”: August 14, 1779, JCC.

“in her estimation”: GW to Juan de Miralles, October 16, 1779, WGW.

“house in Philadelphia”: GW to John Mitchell, October 17, 1779, Series 4, GWP.

“rooms for servants”: John Mitchell to GW, October 30, 1779, Series 4, GWP.

for the north: GW to Alexander Spotswood, November 10, 1779, Series 4, GWP.

“convenient and agreeable”: John Mitchell to GW, October 30, 1779, Series 4, GWP.

£60 a hundredweight: Harbin, “Letters from John Parke Custis,” 279.

at Mrs. Ford’s: GW to Nathanael Greene, November 30, 1779, Series 4, GWP.

“snow all day”: Parker, “Journal of Lieutenant Robert Parker (concluded),” 23.

“two feet deep”: Thacher, Military Journal, 180.

“the itch [scabies]”: Freeman, Washington, 5:141 and n.79.

“within a fortnight”: Circular to Governors of the Middle States, December 16, 1779, WGW.

did not disband: GW to Philip Schuyler, January 30, 1780, WGW.

was “nearly completed”: General Orders, December 29, 1779, WGW.

on Christmas Day: Caleb Gibbs and Mary Smith, 1776–80, Revolutionary War Household Expenses, entry for December 25, 1779, Series 5, GWP.

wrote Dr. Thacher: Thacher, Military Journal, 221.

succeeded the storm: Showman et al., eds., Greene Papers, 5:252.

“days without either”: GW to Philip Schuyler, January 30, 1780, WGW.

“save his blanket”: Smith, ed., Record of Service, 135.

“hard a winter”: GW to Lafayette, March 18, 1780, PGW/EA.

“they have caught”: GW to Nathanael Greene, January 22, 1780, WGW.

“greater,” he conceded: GW to JPC, January 20, 1780, WGW.

“distressed me exceedingly”: MPC to BB, July 18, 1780, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 183.

“of the other”: GW to Robert Morris, February 4, 1780, WGW.

“on the stage”: John Fell to Robert Morris, March 5, 1780, LDC.

“for this purpose”: GW to John Mitchell, March 30, 1780, PGW/EA.

Lund Washington arrived: GW to John Mitchell, April 8, 1780, PGW/EA.

was much obliged: MPC to Elizabeth Schuyler, [Morristown, 1780], in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 182.

“support the expresses”: Showman et al., eds., Greene Papers, 5:426.

“of the troops”: Chevalier de La Luzerne to GW, April 29, 1780, PGW/EA.

its commander-in-chief: Freeman, Washington, 5:158 and n.113.

to prevent looting: Thacher, Military Journal, 230.

remained at Morristown: GW to John Laurens, April 26, 1780, PGW/EA.

“of gold plate”: Idzerda et al., eds., Lafayette in the American Revolution, 3:3–6.

“we deserve it”: GW to LW, May 19, 1780, PGW/EA.

“such an extremity”: Reed, ed., Life of Reed, 2:207.

19: HOME AND HEADQUARTERS, 1780–1781

“of our allies”: GW to Henry Lee, July 11, 1780, PGW/EA.

“the honour, etc.”: GW to Comte de Rochambeau, July 16, 1780, PGW/EA.

“been without meat”: GW to SW, August 31, 1780, PGW/EA.

“join the army”: GW to JPC, August 6, 1780, PGW/EA.

“to domestic life”: GW to John Cadwalader, October 5, 1780, PGW/EA.

“stay with me”: MW to BB, July 18, 1780, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 183.

“until he had”: Hoyt, “Self-Portrait: Eliza Custis,” 93–94.

“wishing her return”: Ibid., 94.

“for her grandchildren”: Cadou, George Washington Collection, 90.

“soldier more pleasant”: Pennsylvania Gazette, June 21, 1780.

currency—to $300, 634: Esther Reed to GW, July 4, 1780, PGW/EA.

sobriety, he got: GW to Esther Reed, August 10, 1780, PGW/EA.

“forth the scheme”: Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson to Eleanor Conway Madison, August 8, 1780, PTJ/EA.

“to the Soldiers”: Thompson, “As if I had been a Very Great Somebody,” 9–10, MVLA.

“piece of china”: MW to Arthur Lee, September 15, 1780, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 184.

compliments to “Mr Powel”: MW to Elizabeth Willing Powel, September 20, 1780, ibid., 184.

“of domestic life”: Nathanael Greene to GW, November 13, 1780, PGW/EA.

“of the age”: Chinard, ed., Washington as the French Knew Him, 19.

“an agreeable face”: Chastellux, Travels in North America, 1:134.

“handle a Musket”: GW to Catharine Littlefield Greene, December 15, 1780, PGW/EA.

daughter still lived: MW to Charles Willson Peale, December 26, 1780, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 185.

“through the winter”: GW to Henry Knox, January 7, 1781, PGW/EA.

“their grievances from Congress”: GW to Philip Schuyler, January 10, 1781, PGW/EA.

“Arnold commands”: GW to Nathanael Greene, January 2, 1781, PGW/EA.

“Plantation in ruins”: GW to Lund Washington, April 30, 1781, PGW/EA.

“her to do?”: MW to LW[?], May 31, 1781, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 186.

“make her a visit”: GW to JPC, May 31, 1781, PGW/EA.

enemy, however kind: Martha Mortier to MW, June 15, 1781, and nn.1–4, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 186–87.

“loss of time”: Diaries, entry for September 5, 1781, PGW.

“Hd. of Elk”: Diaries, entry for September 9, 1781, PGW.

20: VICTORY ON THE YORK AND PRIVATE GRIEF, 1781

“and princely entertainment”: Trumbull, “Minutes of Occurrences,” 333.

“lives to encounter”: GW to Benjamin Lincoln, September 15, 1781, PGW/EA.

“York and Gloucester”: GW to Thomas McKean, September 23, 1781, PGW/EA.

“during the night”: Diaries, entry for September 28, 1781, PGW.

“began to play”: Diaries, entry for October 9, 1781, PGW.

“act of destruction”: Thacher, Military Journal, 340.

“scarce any annoyance”: Harrison, ed., Memoir of Tilghman, 105.

“bring down both”: JPC to MW, October 12, 1781, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 187–88.

“and illustrious father”: Henry Knox to Clement Biddle, November 11, 1781, Henry Knox Papers, GLC.

“change in lodgings”: JPC to MW, October 12, 1781, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 187–88.

on October 8: Lucy Flucker Knox to Henry Knox, October 8, 1781, Henry Knox Papers, GLC.

“of the trenches”: Lucy Flucker Knox to Henry Knox, October 16, 1781, Henry Knox Papers, GLC.

“camp very shortly”: Lucy Flucker Knox to Henry Knox, October 16, 1781, Henry Knox Papers, GLC.

“a true Virginian”: Lucy Flucker Knox to Henry Knox, October 23, 1781, Henry Knox Papers, GLC.

“terminate it [the siege]”: Henry Knox to Lucy Flucker Knox, October 16, 1781, Henry Knox Papers, GLC.

York and Gloucester: Diaries, entry for October 17, 1781, PGW.

“most sanguine Hopes”: GW to Thomas McKean, October 19, 1781, PGW/EA.

“to his children?”: Henry Knox to Lucy Flucker Knox, October 31, 1781, Henry Knox Papers, GLC.

“ ‘It is all over!’ ”: Wraxall, Historical Memoirs, 2:435.

“to be present’ ”: Lucy Flucker Knox to Henry Knox, October 23, 1781, Henry Knox Papers, GLC.

“siege of York”: GW to George William Fairfax, July 10, 1783, PGW/EA.

that disease was: Henry Knox to Clement Biddle, November 11, 1781, Henry Knox Papers, GLC.

“Bassett’s till noon”: Jonathan Trumbull, Jr., “Journal of Occurrences,” entries for November 5 and 6, 1781, Charles Allen Munn Collection, FUL.

“very Hble Ser.”: GW to Jonathan Trumbull, Jr., November 6, 1781, PGW/EA.

in “deep distress”: GW to Marquis de Lafayette, November 15, 1781, PGW/EA.

“neglected by it”: GW to John Hanson, November 6, 1781, PGW/EA.

“amiable Mr Custis”: Henry Knox to Clement Biddle, November 11, 1781, Henry Knox Papers, GLC.

“goes with me”: GW to Bartholomew Dandridge, November 19, 1781, PGW/EA.

“better be forgotten”: Laurence Sterne, Tristram Shandy, 9 vols. (London, 1761), 3:142, quoted in GW to Jonathan Trumbull, Jr., October 1, 1785, PGW.

“Inhabitants of Alexandria”: GW to William Ramsay, November 19, 1781, PGW/EA.

21: UNCERTAINTY AND DISAFFECTION, 1781–1783

victory at Yorktown: GW to Nathanael Greene, November 16, 1781, PGW/EA.

the next day: Comte de Rochambeau to GW, February 10, 1782, PGW/EA.

“most nobly struggling”: GW to William Ramsay, November 19, 1781, PGW/EA.

“place a camp-bed”: Chastellux, Travels in North America, 2:513–14.

“his own Family”: Cadou, George Washington Collection, 78.

“prepared for War”: GW to Robert Hanson Harrison, November 18, 1781, PGW/EA.

“for the Field”: GW to John Hancock, May 4, 1782, PGW/EA.

the West Indies: Sir Guy Carleton to GW, May 7, 1782, PGW/EA.

with Lucy Knox: Thacher, Military Journal, 371–72.

“in all respects”: Balch, ed., Blanchard Journal, 32.

“Yrs Go: Washington”: GW to MW, October 1, 1782, PGW/EA.

“her annual visit”: GW to Nathanael Greene, October 17, 1782, PGW/EA.

“upon the road”: Ferguson et al., eds., Robert Morris Papers, 6:661.

half-pay for officers: GW to William Heath, February 5, 1783, PGW/EA.

“of the war”: GW to Joseph Jones, December 14, 1782, PGW/EA.

half yards wide: GW to Daniel Parker, January 22, 1783, PGW/EA.

“obtained till yesterday”: MW to Henry Knox, [March 6, 1783], in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 189.

“myself growing blind”: Freeman, Washington, 3:433–54 and nn. 33–39.

“permitted to return”: GW to Marquis de Lafayette, April 5, 1783, PGW/EA.

“occasioned by it”: GW to Alexander Hamilton, March 31, 1783, PGW/EA.

22: PEACE ON THE HUDSON, 1783

“States of America”: Proclamation for the Cessation of Hostilities, April 18, 1783, PGW/EA.

enlisted—grew ugly: GW to Elias Boudinot, April 22, 1783, PGW/EA.

to their duty: GW to Alexander Hamilton, April 22, 1783, PGW/EA.

“have gained admittance”: GW to Tench Tilghman, April 24, 1783, PGW/EA.

“one of them”: GW to George William Fairfax, July 10, 1783, PGW/EA.

£1,064 1s 0d: Fitzpatrick, George Washington’s Accounts, 97–98.

“my public life”: GW to JAW, June 15, 1783, PGW/EA.

sent to him: GW to William Stephens Smith, May 21, 1783, PGW/EA.

“encumbered with debt”: GW to LW, June 11, 1783, PGW/EA.

“with good Locks”: GW to Daniel Parker, June 18, 1783, PGW/EA.

“painter, was delicious”: Dunlap, Rise and Progress of Arts of Design, 1:253–54.

“Philadelphia is large”: GW to Bushrod Washington, September 22, 1783, PGW/EA.

“come from there”: GW to Tench Tilghman, October 2, 1783, PGW/EA.

of different materials: GW to Clement Biddle, October 2, 1783, PGW/EA.

stood with them: GW to Wakelin Welch, October 30, 1783, PGW/EA.

to her children: GW to LW, September 20, 1783, PGW/EA.

American—government: Washington’s Farewell Address to the Army, November 2, 1783, PGW/EA.

unknown to him: Freeman, Washington, 2:465–68.

“touch of him”: Ibid., 2:474 n.33.

“of public life”: GW to United States Congress, December 23, 1783, PGW/EA.

be contemplatively disposed”: GW to Charles Thomson, January 22, 1784, PGW.

former commander-in-chief: Charles Thomson to GW, February 7, 1784, PGW.

“our paths, peace”: MW to Hannah Stockton Boudinot, January 15, 1784, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 193–94.

23: MOUNT VERNON, 1784–1786

“with public transactions”: GW to Henry Knox, February 20, 1784, PGW.

“retiring within myself”: GW to Marquis de Lafayette, February 1, 1784, PGW.

never been away: Baker, Washington After the Revolution, 7.

“gratify this wish”: GW to Marquis de Lafayette, February 1, 1784, PGW.

“of rural life”: GW to Marquise de Lafayette, April 4, 1784, PGW.

“about me again”: MW to Hannah Stockton Boudinot, January 15, 1784, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 193–94.

“to see him”: Baker, Washington After the Revolution, 7.

any such subsidy: GW to Thomas Mifflin, January 14, 1784, and n.2, PGW.

“see his friends”: MW to Hannah Bushrod Washington, June 22, 1784, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 194–95.

in the war: “Institution of the Society of the Cincinnati,” May 13, 1783, SC.

from the rubric: Hünemörder, Society of the Cincinnati, 91.

“else is wanting?”: MW to FBW, February 25, 1788, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 205–7.

“about absent friends”: MW to FBW, August 7, 1784, ibid., 195–96.

visit would give: Idzerda et al., eds., Lafayette in the American Revolution, 5:237–38.

even in Europe: Diaries, entry for October 4, 1784, PGW.

“had my day”: GW to Marquis de Lafayette, December 8, 1784, PGW.

house that winter: GW to George William Fairfax, February 27, 1785, PGW.

“from public life”: Diaries, entry for June 30, 1785, PGW.

“of hot tea”: Watson, Men and Times of the Revolution, 244.

the household steward: GW to Samuel Fraunces, September 7, 1785, PGW.

“with my own”: GW to Richard Henry Lee, June 22, 1785, PGW.

“and most lasting”: MW to Mercy Otis Warren, June 9, 1785, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 196–97.

summer, is beguiling: Robert Pine, Frances Bassett Washington, [half-length, 1785,] MVLA.

at Mount Vernon: GW to BB, May 23, 1785, PGW.

Nelly, now six: GW to Thomas Montgomerie, June 25, 1785, WGW.

“Great Falls, etc.”: MW to Thomas and Christian Scott Blackburn, October 10, 1785, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 197.

“nostrils,” she recalled: Cadou, George Washington Collection, 120.

Washingtons looked on: Diaries, entry for October 15, 1785, PGW.

“for his pupil”: GW to George William Fairfax, November 10, 1785, PGW.

“and proper attention”: GW to Benjamin Lincoln, February 6, 1786, PGW.

“reading the Law”: Benjamin Lincoln to GW, May 9, 1786, n.1, PGW.

“of 306 pieces”: Henry Lee to GW, July 3, 1786, PGW.

“well resorted tavern”: GW to Mary Ball Washington, February 15, 1787, PGW.

24: CONVENTIONS AND ELECTIONS, 1787–1789

“of public affairs”: GW to Edmund Randolph, March 28, 1787, PGW.

“of one another”: GW to Benjamin Harrison, January 18, 1784, PGW.

“to the contrary”: GW to Edmund Randolph, March 28, 1787, PGW.

“Change of Air, etc.”: Robert Morris to GW, April 23, 1787, PGW.

“to leave home”: GW to Robert Morris, May 5, 1787, PGW.

“him to me”: MW to FBW, February 25, 1788, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 205–6.

“Convention in Philadelphia”: Diaries, entry for May 3, 1787, PGW.

“world of Spirits”: GW to Robert Morris, May 5, 1787, PGW.

“am honored with”: Address to the Continental Congress, [June 16, 1775], PGW.

“inexperience might occasion”: Farrand, Records of the Federal Convention, 1787, 1:3–4.

“School for Scandal”: GW to Elizabeth Willing Powel, July 30, 1787, and n.1, PGW.

“Servt, Eliza. Powel”: Elizabeth Willing Powel to GW, September 8, 1787, PGW.

“which it comes”: Elizabeth Willing Powel to GW, September 8, 1787, and n.1, PGW.

“on the Framers”: GW to Marquis de Lafayette, September 18, 1787, PGW.

“work at each”: Diaries, entry for September 28, 1787, PGW.

“you already stand”: Gouverneur Morris to GW, October 30, 1787, PGW.

“quite as agreeable”: MW to Elizabeth Willing Powel, January 18, 1788, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 200–2.

“at the Shenandoah”: MW to FBW, February 25, 1788, ibid., 205–6.

“its firm establishment”: Alexander Hamilton to GW, August 13, 1788, PGW.

“my own farm”: GW to Alexander Hamilton, August 28, 1788, PGW.

inconsistency and ambition”: Ibid.

“inspection of it”: GW to James Madison, January 2, 1789, PGW.

“in the evening”: Diaries, entry for January 7, 1789, PGW.

“manage the helm”: GW to Henry Knox, April 1, 1789, PGW.

“to New York”: MW to John Dandridge, April 20, 1789, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 213–14.

“soon follow him”: Ibid.

25: NEW YORK HOUSES, 1789–1790

“the United States”: Article II, Section 1, Constitution of the United States of AmericaMay 29, 1790 (Providence 1790).

“the Executive Department”: First Inaugural Address, Final Version [April 30, 1789], PGW.

“& making worse”: GW to John Adams [May 10, 1789], source note citing Tobias Lear to GAW, May 3, 1789, PGW.

“down to dinner”: GW to David Stuart, June 15, 1790, PGW.

“seeing her here”: GW to John Adams [May 10, 1789], source note citing Tobias Lear to GAW, May 3, 1789, PGW.

“new general Government”: GW to John Adams [May 10, 1789], PGW.

“for Mr Adams”: Beard, ed., Maclay Journal, 29.

“accept no invitations”: Alexander Hamilton to GW, May 5, 1789, PGW.

might be permissible: GW to John Adams [May 10, 1789], PGW.

“at his Levees”: John Adams to GW, May 17, 1789, PGW.

“vortex I moved”: GW to David Stuart, July 26, 1789, PGW.

“Mount-Vernon once more”: William Heth to GW, May 23, 1789, PGW.

“most lamentable situation”: Robert Lewis, “A Journey from Fredericksburg Virginia to New-York,” May 13–20, 1789, ms., MVLA.

“asked to supper”: James McHenry to GW, May 24, 1789, PGW.

“of her foot”: MW to FBW, June 8, 1789, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 215–16.

“and sociable kind”: GW to David Stuart, June 15, 1790, PGW.

“& Ice Creams”: Mitchell, ed., New Letters of Abigail Adams, 19.

“Majesties of Britain”: Ibid., 13–15.

“before his door”: James McHenry to GW, June 28, 1789, n.1, PGW.

“far behind him”: Mitchell, ed., New Letters of Abigail Adams, 19.

“in his Carriage”: GW to David Stuart, July 26, 1789, and n.28, PGW.

“give it me”: Mitchell, ed., New Letters of Abigail Adams, 51.

“and thanked him”: Pierce Butler to GW, August 6, 1789, n.1, PGW.

“necklace for ladies”: Burgess Ball to GW, August 25, 1789, n.3, PGW.

“pepper-and-salt coloured clothes”: Cadou, George Washington Collection, 217.

for the children: MW to FBW, June 8, 1789, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 215–16.

to begin “Musick”: MW to FBW [summer 1789], ibid., 217.

to teach Nelly: Decatur, Private Affairs of Washington, 33, 35.

“in all things”: Custis, Recollections, 408 n.

in “drawing etc.”: Decatur, Private Affairs of Washington, 85–87.

behind Trinity Church: Ibid., 102

and Henry Knox: Tobias Lear to GW, October 28, 1790, n.2, PGW.

offered her grandchildren: MW to Mercy Otis Warren, December 26, 1789, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 223–24.

with young friends: Decatur, Private Affairs of Washington, 89–90, 62–63.

and Mrs. Schuyler: Diaries, entry for November 24, and n., PGW.

“upon public Business”: John Adams to GW, May 17, 1789, PGW.

“a great deal”: MW to FBW, October 23, 1789, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 219–21.

to “the concert”: MW to Abigail Adams [October 1789], ibid., 219.

“others you please”: MW to Abigail Adams [November 4, 1789], ibid., 221.

“safety and happiness”: Thanksgiving Proclamation [October 3, 1789], PGW.

“people at Church”: Diaries, entry for November 26, 1789, PGW.

“upon our disposition”: MW to Mercy Otis Warren, December 26, 1789, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 223–24.

on February 3: Diaries, entry for February 3, 1790, PGW.

her aunt’s “cabinet”: MW to FBW [March 22, 1790], in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 225.

“the other house”: Tobias Lear to GW, September 12, 1790, PGW.

“apples, peaches, nuts”: Beard, ed., Maclay Journal, 136–37.

“ruin the Nation”: LW to GW, April 28, 1790, PGW.

second “Great Father”: Trumbull, Autobiography, 165–66.

“greatly distressed me”: Mitchell, ed., New Letters of Abigail Adams, 49.

“life despaired of”: Beard, ed., Maclay Journal, 269.

“day to me”: Diaries, entry for July 5, 1790, PGW.

“will,” she wrote: MW to FBW [July 1789], in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 217.

26: MARKET STREET, PHILADELPHIA, 1790–1793

family’s private use: GW to Tobias Lear, September 5, 1790, PGW.

“revert to them”: GW to Tobias Lear, October 27, 1790, PGW.

“Housewifery and taste”: Tobias Lear to GW, October 31, 1790, PGW.

she was timorous: GW to Frances Bassett Washington, July 28[–29], 1793, PGW.

“completed this year”: Adams, ed., Letters of Mrs. Adams, 2:207–9.

steward’s room opposite: Tobias Lear to GW, October 31, 1790, PGW.

“always will be”: GW to Tobias Lear, September 9, 1790, PGW.

Thursday “Congress dinner”: Custis, Recollections, 423.

“as an assistant”: GW to Tobias Lear, November 22, 1790, PGW.

profusely at his”: GW to Tobias Lear, September 20, 1790, PGW.

“large a family”: Tobias Lear to GW, September 12, 1790, PGW.

“yield to that”: MW to Janet Livingston Montgomery, January 29, 1791, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 229–30.

“and butter, etc.”: Jeremy, ed., Wansey Journal, 99–100.

“would suit best”: GW to Tobias Lear, June 19, 1791, PGW.

“claim their freedom”: Tobias Lear to GW, April 5, 1791, PGW.

“becoming resident therein”: “An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery” (March 1, 1780), in Laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1:492–93.

“in their power”: Tobias Lear to GW, April 5, 1791, PGW.

“on their return”: Tobias Lear to GW, April 24, 1791, PGW.

“out of the State”: Tobias Lear to GW, April 24, 1791, and nn.2–7, PGW.

president came north: Tobias Lear to GW, May 15, 1791, PGW.

“as to Latin”: Tobias Lear to GW, April 24, 1791, PGW.

“under his instruction”: MW to Abigail Adams, January 25, 1791, FO; GW to Betty Washington Lewis and Sarah Carlyle Herbert, April 26, 1792, PGW.

purchased for Nelly: Decatur, Private Affairs of Washington, 200, 207, 220, 240, 253, 292.

Congress to the city: Britt, Nothing More Agreeable, 30–32, 98, 105.

“Indian rubber 1/10”: Decatur, Private Affairs of Washington, 189, 226, 293.

they are slaves”: Ibid., 315.

“of their Houses”: GW to Tobias Lear, June 26, 1791, n.1, PGW.

“almost past service”: Diaries, entry for February 18, 1786, PGW.

“work for themselves”: MW to FBW, August 29, 1791, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 233.

them to do: MW to FBW, August 29, 1791, ibid., 233.

“quite a Woman”: GW to Tobias Lear, October 10, 1790, PGW.

“always in use”: GW to Betty Washington Lewis, October 7, 1792, PGW.

“the Birth night”: Harriot Washington to GW, January 5, [1793], and Harriot Washington to GW, January [7], [1794], both in PGW.

“desirous of improvement”: GW to Tobias Lear, October 10, 1790, PGW.

“Otaheitian [Tahitian] dress”: Decatur, Private Affairs of Washington, 265, 226, 318–19, 322–23.

“I was down”: MW to FBW, June 15, 1794, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 268–69.

for outdoor activities: Decatur, Private Affairs of Washington, 290, 313.

“of Architectural abilities”: GW to Tobias Lear, July 30, 1792, PGW.

“their number myself”: GW to Thomas Jefferson, April 1, 1791, PGW.

“already acquainted with”: GW to Tobias Lear, September 21, 1792, PGW.

a “fair experiment”: Tobias Lear to GGW, July 21, 1792, PGW.

“a longer continuance”: Thomas Jefferson’s Conversation with GW, October 1, [1792], PGW.

“put them altogether”: GW to Anthony Whitting, October 14, 1792, PGW.

and Mr. Madison: Thomas Jefferson’s Notes on a Conversation with Washington, February 7, 1793, PGW.

“of your Sufferings?”: Elizabeth Willing Powel to GW, November 17, 1792, PGW.

“make me unpopular”: John Adams to Abigail Adams, December 28, 1792, AFP.

“away upon me”: GW to Henry Lee, January 20, 1793, PGW.

“of responsible persons”: GW to FBW, February 24, 1793, PGW.

“Envious and Malignant”: Elizabeth Willing Powel to GW, November 17, 1792, PGW.

27: SECOND TERM, 1793–1797

“all these occasions”: Jackman, “A Young Englishman Reports,” 118.

“people, &c. &c.”: “To the Noblesse and Courtiers of the United States…,” General Advertiser (Philadelphia), January 2, 1793.

“modern republican Principles”: John Adams to Abigail Adams, January 2, 1793, AFP.

“conform to it”: Thomas Jefferson’s Notes on a Conversation with Washington, February 7, 1793, PGW.

“drawn into it”: Tobias Lear to GW, April 8, 1793, PGW.

“too refined caution”: Jackman, “A Young Englishman Reports,” 104.

“bad, becoming worse”: GW to Thomas Jefferson, March 1, 1792, PGW.

“the belligerent powers”: Neutrality Proclamation, [April 22, 1793], PGW.

“from their smell”: Flexner, Doctors on Horseback, 101.

“into the Country”: Henry Knox to GW, September 15, 1793, PGW.

“& more fatal”: GW to Tobias Lear, September 25, 1793, PGW.

“of our Friends”: Elizabeth Willing Powel to GW, September 9, 1793, PGW.

as many weeks: PSC; data for Lieut. John Wigton, d. 1793, Ancestry.com.

“the Post Office”: Oliver Wolcott to GW, October 20, 1793, PGW.

“have been propagated”: GW to William Pearce, December 23, 1793, PGW.

“of any infection”: Samuel Fraunces to GW, October 23, 1793, PGW.

“dress of the city”: MW to FBW, January 14, 1794, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 254–55.

“spend their time agreeably”: MW to FBW, February 10, 1794, ibid., 256–57.

“younger sister [Nelly]”: MW to FBW, February 15, 1794, ibid., 257–58.

“a deserving girl”: MW to FBW, March 2, 1794, ibid., 259–60.

Pinnacle of Happiness”: GW to Elizabeth Parke Custis, September 14, 1794, PGW.

“myself and family”: Elizabeth Parke Custis to GW, September 7, 1794, PGW.

“he moves in”: GW to Elizabeth Parke Custis, September 14, 1794, PGW.

he had written: GW to FBW, February 24, 1793, PGW.

“keep a house”: GW to FBW, March 17, 1793, PGW.

“for the rooms”: GW to William Pearce, January 12, 1794, PGW.

“manage it right”: MW to FBW, September 15, 1794, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 274–75.

“in matrimonial concerns”: MW to FBW, September 29, 1794, ibid., 276–77.

“his principal ailment”: GW to William Pearce, January 12, 1794, PGW.

“may always be had”: MW to FBW, November 30, 1794, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 281.

“better of it”: MW to FBW, April 6, 1795, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 283–85.

life in Philadelphia: Brady, Washington’s Beautiful Nelly, 21.

impresario Filippo Trisobio: Ibid., 32; Britt, Nothing More Agreeable, 54.

a “gloomy mortal”: Hoyt, “Self-Portrait: Eliza Custis,” 96.

“them every day”: MW to EPC, January 3, 1796, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 288–90.

“look over them”: MW to EPC, January 14, 1796, ibid., 290–91.

“to at all”: MW to FBW, September 29, 1794, ibid., 276–77.

“of the senate”: Response to the Boston Selectmen, [July 28, 1795], PGW.

“repose in me”: GW to Alexander Hamilton, May 15, 1796, [First Draft] Farewell Address, PGW/EA.

“detestable of mankind”: Cutler and Cutler, Life of Manasseh Cutler, 2:56–57.

“answer the End”: John Adams to Abigail Adams, March 1, 1796, AFP.

“80 feet Diameter”: John Adams to Abigail Adams, February 23, 1796, AFP.

“of his constituents”: Simpson, Lives of Washington and Jefferson, 256.

“would be Aristocratical”: John Adams to Abigail Adams, February 23, 1796, AFP.

“Nuptials are Solemnized”: GW to Thomas Law, February 10, 1796, WGW.

“proof of this”: Barratt and Miles, Gilbert Stuart, 152–53.

“Ideas with Fortitude”: Elizabeth Willing Powel to GW, June 1, 1796, PGW/EA.

her native Virginia: Frederick Lawler, Jr., “Oney Judge,” with link to two 1840s articles on Oney Judge, PHP.

“violent measures”: GW to Joseph Whipple, November 28, 1796, and Joseph Whipple to GW, December 22, 1796, both in PGW/EA.

“always in Cash”: Elizabeth Willing Powel to GW, February 8, 1797, PGW/EA.

“and Miss Custis”: Elizabeth Willing Powel to GW, March 11[–13], 1797, PGW.

“to my release”: Nicholls, “Henrietta Liston’s Journal,” 516.

“all possible happiness”: Sparks, Life of Washington, 477.

“an arduous task”: Abigail Adams to Mary Smith Gray Otis, [February] 1797, AP/EA.

“persons and Characters”: Abigail Adams to MW, February 9, 1797, AP/EA.

“at dancing assemblies”: MW to Abigail Adams, February 20, 1797, AP/EA.

“more tranquil theater”: MW to Catharine Littlefield Greene Miller, March 3, 1797, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 297.

28: RETIREMENT, 1797–1798

“cloudy all day”: Diaries, entry for March 16, 1797, PGW.

“a constant serenading”: Brady, Washington’s Beautiful Nelly, 31.

“your usual Accuracy”: Elizabeth Willing Powel to GW, March 11[–13], 1797, PGW.

to the flames: GW to Elizabeth Willing Powel, March 26, 1797, PGW.

to acquire them: GW to Bartholomew Dandridge, [March 3, 1797], PGW.

“to part with”: Elizabeth Willing Powel to GW, February 8, 1797, PGW/EA.

no longer required: Inventory of Goods in President’s House, February 1797, PGW/EA; and GW to Mary White Morris, May 1, 1797, PGW.

of the president: Tobias Lear to GW, March 15, 1797, PGW.

“mind & body”: GW to Elizabeth Willing Powel, March 26, 1797, PGW.

“a decaying state”: MW to David Humphreys, June 26, 1797, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 304–5.

“into the Cellar”: GW to Bartholomew Dandridge, December 13, 1797, PGW.

and much else: Tobias Lear to GW, March 20, 1797, and n.1, PGW.

“authority over them”: MW to Elizabeth Willing Powel, May 1, 1797, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 301–2.

“of my time”: MW to Betsy Aylett Henley, August 20, 1797, ibid., 307.

“of our Duetts”: Brady, Washington’s Beautiful Nelly, 32.

“things œconomically used”: GW to Samuel Fraunces, September 7, 1785, PGW.

“am sadly plagued”: MW to Elizabeth Dandridge Henley, August 20, 1797, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 307.

to no avail: GW to Frederick Kitt, January 10, 1798, PGW.

“not yet supplied”: GW to George Lewis, November 13, 1797, PGW.

“variety of visitors”; MW to David Humphreys, June 26, 1797, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 304.

“and going likewise”: MW to Sarah Cary Fairfax, May 17, 1798, ibid., 314–17.

“this Terrestrial Globe”: GW to Lawrence Augustine Washington, September 3, 1797, PGW.

“very acceptable Service”: GW to Lawrence Lewis, August 4, 1797, PGW.

“firmness of mind”: Latrobe, Journal, 57–58.

young adopted brother”: Brady, Washington’s Beautiful Nelly, 39.

“even in Europe”: Niemcewicz, Under Their Vine and Fig Tree, 97.

“upon your secrecy”: Brady, Washington’s Beautiful Nelly, 36.

spinster for life”: Ibid., 39.

“Grandmama so lonesome”: Ibid., 43.

“meanness and irregularity”: Virginia Kays Creesy, “George Washington as a Princeton Parent,” in Merritt, The Best of PAW, 24–28.

accounts to pay: GW to Samuel Stanhope Smith, October 9, 1797, PGW.

“you to them”: GW to GWPC, January 7, 1798, PGW.

“always with him”: GW to David Stuart, January 22, 1798, PGW.

distance “too heartrending”: Ibid.

“you omit this”: GW to GWPC, June 13, 1798, PGW.

“prudent it will be”: GW to GWPC, April 15, 1798, PGW.

wealth,” she wrote: Brady, Washington’s Beautiful Nelly, 51–52, 48–49, 56, 55.

“of that place!”: GW to GWPC, June 1798, PGW.

“from my thoughts”: GWPC to GW, June 17, 1798, PGW.

“a momentary impression”: GW to GWPC, May 10 and July 24, 1798, PGW.

“posture of defence”: November 23, 1797, SJ.

“many an Army”: John Adams to GW, June 22, 1798, PGW.

the revolutionary conflict: GW to John Adams, July 4, 1798, PGW.

honored by Nelly: GW to James McHenry, July 27, 1798, and n.1; and James McHenry to GW, August 13, 1798, nn.3 and 4, both in PGW.

Reverend Davis officiated: Diaries, entry for July 4, 1798, and n., PGW.

“of the U. States”: GW to Henry Knox, August 9, 1798, PGW.

would be crucial: GW to Alexander Hamilton, July 14, 1798, PGW.

“excluded from Company”: GW to David Stuart, August 13, 1798, PGW.

“good,” the general wrote: GW to John McDowell, September 2, 1798, n.2, PGW.

“of any one”: GW to David Stuart, December 30, 1798, PGW.

“until past nine”: GW to Lawrence Lewis, December 2, 1798, PGW.

were also his hosts: Diaries, entries for November 16–December 2, 1798, PGW.

“Third Street, afterwards”: GW to Elizabeth Willing Powel, November 17, 1798, PGW.

day, a Sunday: GW to Elizabeth Willing Powel, December 1, 1798, PGW.

the day before: Elizabeth Willing Powel to GW, December 3, 1798, PGW.

“in this City?”: GW to Elizabeth Willling Powel, December 4, 1798, PGW.

“affectionate afflicted Friend”: Elizabeth Willing Powel to GW, December 7, 1798, PGW.

“obliged Hble Servant”: GW to Elizabeth Willing Powel, December 7, 1798, PGW.

“our daily labour”: GW to Elizabeth Willing Powel, December 9, 1798, PGW.

“be too prone”: GW to David Stuart, December 30, 1798, PGW.

“but not expensive”: GW to James McHenry, July 14, 1799, and n.2, PGW.

“of friendship only”: GW to James McHenry, February 1799, PGW.

sister was romancing: GW to Bartholomew Dandridge, January 25, 1799, PGW.

29: THE DEATH OF A PRESIDENT, 1799

“my first remembrance”: Brady, Washington’s Beautiful Nelly, 58–60.

for the nuptials: GW to Lawrence Lewis, January 23, 1799, PGW.

“Mr Lawe Lewis”: Diaries, entry for February 22, 1799, PGW.

followed the wedding: Brady, Washington’s Beautiful Nelly, 62.

mind his mother: Vail, ed., “A Dinner at Mount Vernon,” 76–77.

“is quite well”: Brady, Washington’s Beautiful Nelly, 61–64.

it was ready: GW to Lawrence Lewis, September 20, 1799, PGW.

of a neighbor: GW to Roger West, September 19, 1799, and n.1, PGW.

“showed to them”: MW to Frances Bassett Washington, May 24, 1795, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 287–88.

“& dangerous” precedent: GW to Burwell Bassett, Jr., August 11, 1799, and n.1, PGW.

at the estate: George Washington’s Last Will and Testament [July 9, 1799], PGW.

“affected his spirits”: Nicholls, “Henrietta Liston’s Journal,” 517.

“will afford them”: GW to Alexandria General Assemblies Managers, November 12, 1799, PGW.

“settled cold Rain”: Diaries, entries for November 20, 27, December 9, 11–12, 1799, PGW.

“upon his hair”: I. The Journal Account, [December 15, 1799], PGW.

“but not hard”: Diaries, entry for December 13, 1799, PGW.

“would permit him”: II. The Diary Account, December 14, 1799, PGW.

“not survive it”: I. The Journal Account, [December 15, 1799], and II. The Diary Account, December 14, 1799, both in PGW.

“half a pint”: II. The Diary Account, December 14, 1799, PGW; Thompson, “ ‘The Lowest Ebb of Misery,’ ” 15 and n.20, MVLA.

“was seriously alarming”: I. The Journal Account, [December 15, 1799], PGW.

for safekeeping: II. The Diary Account, December 14, 1799, PGW.

vault once more: Washington, Letters and Recollections, 137.

“softened by tears”: Tobias Lear to Mary Lincoln Lear, December 16, 1799, typescript, MVLA.

“floods of tears”: McCallister [Clark], “Law’s Description of the Last Illness,” 29.

30: DISSOLUTION, 1799–1802

“or funeral Oration”: George Washington’s Last Will and Testament, [July 9, 1799], PGW.

“our nation mourns”: Lee, Funeral Oration, 10.

Mrs. Washington weep: Mitchell, ed., New Letters of Abigail Adams, 227.

“and political life”: John Adams to MW, December 27, 1799, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 327–28; December 23, 1799, HJ.

told her sister: Mitchell, ed., New Letters of Abigail Adams, 226–28.

“of public duty”: MW to John Adams, December 31, 1799, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 332–33; January 8, 1800, SJ.

after Martha’s death: Clark, “Doctor and Mrs. William Thornton,” 91–92.

“during her life”: March 28, 1800, HJ.

“friends, however sincere”: MW to Janet Montgomery, April 5, 1800, in Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 371–72.

“her heart breaking”: Nicholls, “Henrietta Liston’s Journal,” 519–20.

on the estate: Thompson, “ ‘To Follow her Departed Friend,’ ” 15 n.29, MVLA; ibid., 12–16.

“uncovered and motionless”: Morris, Autobiography, 12.

“has ever experienced”: Thompson, “ ‘To Follow her Departed Friend,’ ” 7 n.16, MVLA.

“their best days”: Harrison, Philadelphia Merchant, 113.

“every day face”: John Pintard, ms. Diary, entry for July 31, 1801, NYHS.

had her memorial: Robert Field, Martha Washington, [miniature], 1801; Field, George Washington, [miniature], 1801, both in YUAG.

to each other: Adams, Life and Writings of Sparks, 2:46–47.

who was ill: Ford, “Diary of Mrs. William Thornton,” 174–76.

long in coming: McCallister [Clark], “This Melancholy Scene,” 15.

the same day: Harrison, Philadelphia Merchant, 112; Thompson, “ ‘To Follow her Departed Friend,’ ” 18, MVLA; McCallister [Clark], “This Melancholy Scene,” 15.

“on every occasion”: Alexandria Advertiser, May 25, 1802.

after his birth: Torbert, Eleanor Calvert, 99–100; Ribblett, Nelly Custis, 67.

“the Vineyard Inclosure”: GW, Last Will and Testament, [July 9, 1799], PGW.