Because of the numerous promotions on both sides during the Battle, the ranks are excluded except in the case of senior commanders.
Aalborg (Denmark), 171
Abenhausen, Oberleutnant, 270
Abyssinia, 25, 54
Acworth, Bernard, 199
Adlerangriff (‘Eagle Attack’); strategy, 138–40, 144; begins, 154–5. 158, 307
Adlertag (‘Eagle Day’), 138–9, 154
Admiralty: 1914 air defence of UK, 9; and formation of RAF, 13; and dismemberment of RAF, 18, 20; runs Fleet Air Arm, 2on; and air-sea rescue, 135; and deployment of capital ships, 328; see also Royal Navy
Advanced Air Striking Force (AASF), 83–4, 91, 99
Aeronautical Research Committee, 49
AI (radar air interception), 224–5, 322
Air Defence Committee, 50
Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB), 23, 26–7
Air Defence of Great Britain Committee, 56
Air Fighting Development Unit, 313
Air Ministry: formed (1918), 13; and independent RAF, 19; responsibilities, 23; and command structure, 27; and scientific air defence, 49–50; and pre-war air strength, 52–3, 55, 57, 77; relations with Dowding, 77; and breaking of German codes, 92; and aircraft production, 102–3; Air Tactics, 313; and conduct of Battle, 325; see also Fighter Command; Royal Air Force
Air Ministry Experimental Stations (AMES), 51
air-sea rescue service: German, 134–5, 303; British, 135
Air Staff, 54, 76–9, 242–3
Air Transport Auxiliary, 62, 329
Aircraft Production, Ministry of, 102, 171
airfields (British): numbers, 64; attacked, 122, 148–53, 160–1, 169, 171, 175, 180–2, 191–2, 202, 223, 226, 230, 232, 248, 302; satellite, 135–6; crater repairs, 200; concentrated attacks on, 203–7, 215; Germans misidentify, 215; effect of damage to, 236–7; see also individual airfields
airscrews (propellers), 83–4, 168
Albania: Italy invades, 60
Allard, Geoffrey, 232
Allen, James, 132
Allen, Johnny, 190, 285
Americans: form LDV units, 185; serve in RAF, 187–8, 191
Amery, L. S., 20
Anderson, AC2, 164
Anderson shelters, 63
Andover: Staff College, 21
Anti-Aircraft Command, 62–3, 113, 280
anti-aircraft guns (British): effectiveness, 48; pre-war strength, 56–8, 62, 113—14; at Portsmouth, 146; in defence of London, 263, 269; contribution to victory, 328
appeasement policy, 55, 65
Appleby, Michael, 199n Arado company (Germany), 43
armament (aircraft), 36–7, 156
Armitage, Dennis (‘Tage’), 157, 210, 231–2, 286, 340
armour-plating, 233–4
Army, British: contribution to victory, 328; see also British Expeditionary Force
Army Co-operation pilots, 221, 225
artillery bombardments: on Dover, 143–4, 350
Aschenbrenner, Friedrich, 162
Ashfield, Geoffrey, 224
Ashford (Kent), 210–11
Ashmore, Major-General E. B., 11–12, 14–15, 23
Atkinson, George, 156
Attlee, Clement, 60, 103
Australians, 191
Austria: Hitler occupies, 54–5
Auxiliary Air Force (AAF), 22, 58, 61
Axon, Peter, 143
Bader, Douglas: in action, 259, 276, 278, 280, 282; leadership, 289; in tactics controversy, 315–17, 319
Badger, John, 344
Baldwin, Stanley, 21, 25, 47–8, 53, 58, 108
Balfour, Arthur James, 19–20, 23
Balfour, Harold, 316, 321
balloon barrages, 57–8, 61–2, 114, 330–1
Balloon Command, 27, 61–2, 114, 330
Bamberger, Cyril, 288
Banbury (Oxfordshire): attacked, 272
Banks, Frank (‘Rod’), 170
Barclay, George, 260, 262–3, 276
barges (invasion): bombed, 293–4
‘Barking Creek, Battle of (1939), 67
Bam Hill, SS, 69
Barran, Philip, 132
Barratt, Air Marshal A. S., 83, 85–7, 98
Barry, Norman, 190
Barthrop, Paddy, 198
Bartley, Tony, 290
Barton, R. A. (‘Butch’), 289
Battle aircraft, 79, 91; losses, 100
Battle of Britain: official dating of, xvi, 8, 109, 121, 303, 353; British victory, 301; Dowding’s Despatch on, 322; British pamphlet on, 324; myths of, 325–8
Battle of Britain Fighter Association, 121, 132n, 271, 325
Bawdsey Manor (Suffolk), 51, 59
Beamish, Victor, 233, 288–9, 338, 350–1
Beamont, Roland (‘Bee’), 38, 176, 178
Beardsley, Robert, 341
Beaton, Cecil, 291
Beatty, Admiral David, 20
Beaufighter aircraft, 225, 322
Beaverbrook, William Maxwell Aitken, 76; as Minister of Aircraft Production, 102–3, 105, 325; Bevin on, 104n; requests aluminium utensils, 108; Dalton on, 239
Bekker, Cajus, 196
Beley, Robert, 145
Belfast: raid on, 163
Belgians: service in RAF, 191
Belgium, 91–2, 101
Bennions, George H., 292
Bent, Benjamin, 225
Bentley Priory: Fighter Command HQ at, 27, 117; filter room, 116
Berlin: bombed, 243–5
Bertram, Otto, 163
Bessborough family, 217
Bevan, Aneurin, 60
Bevin, Ernest, 104
Biggin Hill: and World War I ground control, 16; airfield attacked, 179, 182; concentrated attacks on, 203, 207–9, 214, 226, 238–9, 248; ops room destroyed, 236
Bird-Wilson, Harold, 202, 336
Birmingham: bombed, 163, 304
Bisdee, John D., 188
Blachford, C. R. (‘Cowboy’), 165, 169, 339
‘Black Thursday’ (15 August), 191
Blackett, Professor P. M. S., 49
Blackwood, George, 230
Blake, Anthony, 290
Blenheim aircraft: qualities, 42–3; on coastal patrol, 61; and squadron strength, 78–9; losses, 91, 100; bomb Luftwaffe airfields, 122, 139; night flying, 224–6
Blériot, Louis, 8
Bletchley Park see Government Code and Cipher School BMW engines (aircraft), 46
Bodie, C. A. W. (‘Boggle’), 280, 282
Bomber Command: formed, 27; pre-war condition, 59; Dowding proposes offensive for, 86; and Dunkirk, 95; attacks Luftwaffe airfields, 106, 122, 139, 270, 292; attacks west Germany, 110; role in Battle of Britain, 112, 330; casualties, 132n; raids on Italy, 163, 303; pilots join Fighter Command, 201; offensive actions, 242–5; attacks German invasion ports, 265, 292–4; attacks Eindhoven, 270; see also Royal Air Force
Boots, D., 339
Bott, Oberleutnant, 124
Bouchier, Cecil Arthur (‘Daddy’), 285–6
Boulogne: bombed, 293
Boulton and Paul company, 42; see also Defiant aircraft Bowen, E. G., 224
Bowhill, Air Chief Marshal Sir Frederick, 21
Boyd, Air Vice-Marshal O. T., 114
Brancker, Sefton, 21
Brand, Air Vice-Marshal Sir Quintin: commands 10 Group, 115, 122, 165, 176, 195, 295–6; expects renewed enemy attacks, 228; in tactics discussion, 316
Brandenburg, Ernst, 32
Brandenburg, Oberleutnant, 192
Brauchitsch, Walter von, no, 161–2, 175
Brighton: attacked, 272
Bristol aircraft company, 42; see also Filton Bristol Fighter (World War I), 42
Britain: pre-war defensive strategy, 53–6; German invasion threat against, 104, 106–10, 123, 136–7, 245, 247, 265–6, 272–3, 293–4, 308; conditions and morale in, 105, 107–8; Goering’s air strategy against, 137–8; invasion postponed indefinitely, 283, 301
British Air Mission (in USA), 322–3
British Expeditionary Force (1914), 9
British Expeditionary Force (1939–40): fighter support for, 61, 71, 76–9, 82–8; retreat and evacuation, 88, 92–6, 99
British Intelligence in the Second World War (official history; by F. H. Hinsley), 327
Brize Norton: airfield attacked, 195–6
Broadhurst, Harry, 158
Brooke, Lieutenant General Sir Alan, 160, 265
Brooke-Popham, Air Chief Marshal Sir Robert, 21
Brooklands: aircraft factories attacked, 239–41
Brown, Stephen, 347
Browning machine-guns, 37, 41
Brzezina, S., 156
Brzozowski, M., 270
Buckingham Palace, 269, 277
Budig, Fritz, 148
Bulman, P. W. S. (‘George’), 37, 43
Burton, Percy, 233
Butterweck, Friedrich, 149
Calais: docks bombed, 293
Calder, Angus, 334
Camm, Sydney, 35–6, 41, 331
Canadians, 189, 191; see also Royal Canadian Air Force
Canewdon radar station, 66
Cap Gris Nez: guns at, 131, 133
Carbury, Brian, 190
Carmichael, LACW, 338
Carver, Ken, 271
Castle, Rowlands, 217
casualties: RAF, 132, 214, 249–50; Luftwaffe, 214; civilian (British), 304; see also losses (aircraft)
‘Catapult, Operation’, 106
Chain Home (CH) stations, 51, 58, 142, 145; attacked, 142–3, 215–16; efficacy, 275; see also Ventnor
Chain Home Low (CHL) stations, 51, 71, 142, 145; attacked, 140; efficacy, 275
Chamberlain, Neville, 52–3, 55, 57–8, 60; announces war, 63, 65; resigns, 84; Churchill informs of Battle successes, 184
Chamier-Glisczinski, Wolfgang von, 179
Channel: German aircrew fear of, 198, 310
Channon, Sir Henry (‘Chips’), 123, 193, 231
Cherbourg Peninsula: as Luftwaffe base, 122
Chiefs of Staff (British), 54, 89–91, 98, 104
Churchill, Winston S.: in World War I, 9; and retaliatory raids, 13; accepts independent RAF, 18–19; urges rearmament, 53, 55; on sirens, 66; and Finnish war, 81; as Prime Minister, 84; and supply of fighter support to France, 86–8, 90–1, 99; on Dunkirk, 95; forms Ministry of Aircraft Production, 102, 104n; gains emergency powers, 103; defiance, 105; Hitler abuses, no; and fall of France, 123; and conduct of Battle of Britain, 182–4; contacts Chamberlain, 184; praises RAF, 199; minutes, 199–200; visits South-East, 230–1; and shooting of parachuting airmen, 231; and RAF bombing offensive, 243; on threatened invasion, 266; visits 11 Group HQ, 274, 282; Roosevelt warns of impending invasion, 294; on Italian air force raid, 304; on bombing of London, 308, 334; and enemy losses, 311; and fighter tactics controversy, 316; and Dowding’s service, 320–4; on naval deployment, 327; names Dowding’s ‘chicks’, 333
Civil Air Guard, 62
Civil Defence: system developed, 57, 62–3
Civilian Repair Organisation, 329
Clements, M., 181
Coastal Command: formed, 27; patrols, 69–70; absorbs Blenheim squadrons, 79; and Dunkirk, 95; and German invasion threat, 106, 292–3; role in Battle, 112; pilots join Fighter Command, 201; attacks German airfields, 292; contribution to Battle, 330
Cobden, Donald G., 127
Cock, J. R., 176, 178, 231
Comely, Peter, 141
Committee for the Scientific Survey of Air Defence, 49–51
communications: damage and repairs to, 236
Component Force (France), 83–5, 87–8, 90, 96
Connors, Stanley, 181
conscription: introduced in Britain, 60
controlled interception, 64; see also ground control
convoys (British): attacked, 1, 125, 131, 133–4. 139, H4–5
Cooke, Charles, 124
Cooke, D., 132
Cooper, Charles, 181, 237–8
Cosby, Ivor H., 225
Cossons, H. V., 350
Couland, Alf, 181
Courtney, Christopher, 21
Coward, T. J. B., 337
Cox, David, 213
Cox, Philip (‘PAN’), 133, 347
Cranwell Cadet College, 21, 24
Craven, Sir Charles, 103
‘Cromwell’ order, 266, 294
Crook, David, 159–60, 165
Cross, K. B., 82
Crossley, Mike, 150–1, 197, 206
Croydon: airfield attacked, 181–2, 184, 300
Cunningham, John (‘Cat’s Eyes’), 225
Curtiss D12 engine, 34
Czechoslovakia, 55, 57–8, 60
Czechs: serve with RAF, 186–7, 191. 230–2, 239, 284
Czernin, Count Manfred Beckett, 229
Daimler-Benz company (Germany), 43
Dalton, Hugh, 239
Darley, George, 159, 228
David, W. Denis, 139, 231, 275, 340
Davis, Chris, 190
Davis, James, 187
Daw, William and Alice, 277
DB 600 engine (German), 47
DB 601 engine (German), 44–5
Danzig, 63
Deacon-Elliott, R., 174
‘death-rays’, 49
Debden: airfield attacked, 229
Deere, Alan: and ‘Battle of Barking Creek’, 67; Dunkirk experiences, 96–8; in Battle, 139, 190–1; on Malan’s shooting, 156; shot down, 178; New Zealand origins, 190; on exhaustion, 201; denies Mansion’s breakdown of morale, 226; crash, 238–9; and new pilots, 285
Defence Regulation 18B, 108
Defiant aircraft, 42, 94, 130, 227–8
Deighton, Len, 226
Denmark: occupied, 80; as Luftwaffe base, 171, 173, 307, 326
Derby, Edward George Villiers Stanley, 17th Earl of, 20
Detling (Kent): airfield attacked, 160–2
Development and Production, Department of, 102
Dewar, John, 228, 231
Dill, Field Marshal Sir John, 96
Disarmament Conference, 1933, 24–5
Dixon, A. W., 344
Donahue, A. G., 150
Donaldson, E. M., 67
Donaldson, J. W. (‘Baldy’), 81
Dornier Do 17 bomber: design and performance, 45–6; in France, 83–4; Dunkirk losses, 93; reconnaissances by, 123–4; attacked, 125–6; vulnerability, 150
Dornier Do 18 flying boats, 134
Dornier Do 215 aircraft, 123
Dortmund-Ems Canal, 245
Douglas, Air Vice-Marshal Sir W. Sholto, 36; and tactics controversy, 316–19; replaces Dowding, 320, 322–3; reproaches Dowding, 321; supports Watson-Watt, 332
Dover: actions over, 126, 133, 163; CH station at, 142–3, 256, 270
Dowding, Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Caswall Tremenheere: calibre, 21; heads Fighter Command, 28–9, 31; career and achievements, 28–30, 332; supports radar, 29, 50, 332; and aircraft armament, 37; air defence plan, 56, 58; and Fighter Command strength, 60; resists sending fighters to France, 61, 71, 76–8, 81, 84, 86–7, 89–91, 98–9, 325; controls Anti-Aircraft Command, 62; increased squadron requirements, 70, 76–80; improvements to Command, 71; relations with Air Ministry, 77–8; and Norway campaign, 82; proposes bombing offensive, 86–7; letter to Air Ministry on minimum requirements, 89; and evacuation of BEF, 92–3, 95; and fighter production, 102–3; praises Beaverbrook, 103; optimism, 105; strength at start of Battle of Britain, 112; professionalism, 113; command and organisation, 113–14; in ops room, 117; deployment of squadrons and reinforcements, 138, 153, 230, 250, 268, 319; expects major attack, 166; and attacks on N.E. England, 173–4, 183–4; and conduct of Battle, 183; Churchill praises, 184; and damage to CH stations, 216; and head-on attacks, 233; high losses, 237; and pilot shortage, 249–51; ‘Stabilisation Scheme’, 251; and mass raids on London, 259, 265; leadership, 287, 309, 321; gains upper hand, 292; on phases of Battle, 307; and enemy losses, 311; and fighter tactics controversy, 313–17, 326; replaced, 319–23; opposes Salmond proposals, 321; rejects fighter nights, 322; heads British Air mission in USA, 322; later career and retirement, 322–5; peerage, 324; and Enigma decrypts, 326; assessed, 332–3
Down, Peter, 338
Driffield (Yorkshire): airfield attacked, 171
drop tanks, fuel (Dackelbauch), 198
Drummond-Hay, Peter, 132
Dumont, Alberto Santos, 8
Dundas, Hugh (‘Cocky’), 160, 171, 174, 223
Dundas, John, 160, 165
Dungeness, 149
Dunkirk CH station (Canterbury), 142–3
Dunkirk: evacuation, 1940, 91–8, 105
Dunlop Fort rubber works: bombed, 224
Duxford Wing: in action, 259, 270, 275–6, 278, 280, 290; and tactics, 315–19; score claim, 319
‘Dynamo, Operation’ (Dunkirk), 93–4, 98
E-boats, 131
Eagle Squadrons, 290; see also Americans
early-warning system, 48–51, 140–2, 275
East Grinstead: Queen Victoria Hospital, 271, 342
Eastbourne: attacked, 272
Eastchurch, 157, 196, 226
Ebbighausen, Hauptmann, 193
Eccles, David, 159
Eccles, Sybil, 159, 277
Eckford, Alan F. (‘Shag’), 206
Eden, Anthony, 25, 101, 183, 213, 294
Edmonds, Brigadier General Sir James, 2in
Edwards, George Nelson, 213
Eindhoven (Holland): bombed, 270
Elham (Kent), 157, 213
Elizabeth, Queen of George VI, 269
Ellington, Air Chief Marshal Sir Edward, 77
Elliot, A. G., 34
Ellis, John, 149, 207
Englandgeschwader (World War I), 10–11, 14
Enigma machine and decrypts, 92, 268, 308, 326–7
Erprobungsgruppe 210: 134, 142, 179–82, 238, 280, 294, 296–7, 300, 303; leadership, 289
Eslick, William, 168, 170, 234, 322n, 337
Esso oil company, 35
Ethridge, Arthur G., 347
Evill, Air Vice-Marshal (Sir) Douglas Claude Strathern, 319, 323
Ewald, Wolfgang, 210
Expansion Schemes (RAF), 25–6
Fairey, Richard, 34
Falkenstein, Freiherr von, 237
Faviell, Frances, 291
Fenton, H. A., 232
Fernsebner, Feldwebel, 133
Ferris, Henry M., 192
Field Force squadrons (with BEF), 76, 78
Fifth Column, 106–7
Fighter Command: formed, 27–9; pre-war state, 59–60; as support to BEF and French Army, 61, 71, 76–9, 82–8, 99; at outbreak of war, 63, 76; and ground control system, 64, 118; shipping protection patrols, 69, 70, 79; low early losses, 70; improvements and expansion, 70–1, 76–80; strength reduced by actions in France, 89–90; close support for bombers, 92; offensive sorties over Channel ports, 92; at Dunkirk, 94–5, 98; losses in France, 100; and German attacks on shipping, 111; strength at start of Battle of Britain, 112; operational direction and organisation, 114–17; operations rooms, 116–17; and ‘Fighting Area Attacks’, 122; satellite airfields, 135; international recruitment and composition, 186–91; outnumbered, 220–1, 235; pilot shortage, 221; damage to ground organisation and communications, 235–6, 248; morale and exhaustion in, 237–8, 310; squadron movement, 250–1; strength revived, 274; senses victory, 280, 282; leadership in, 284–9; German attempt to destroy, 308; superior information, 309; controversy over tactics, 311–17; see also Battle of Britain; losses (aircraft); Royal Air Force
GROUPS
no. 9 Fighter Group, 114n
no. 10 Fighter Group, 64, 70; responsibility and strength, 115–16, 122; satellite airfields, 135; actions, 145, 176, 193, 230; attacked in Adlerangriff, 158; and squadron deployment, 251; combats mass bombers, 278; tactics, 316
no. 11 Fighter Group, 28, 66–7, 89; at Dunkirk, 92–4; responsibility and strength, 115; pressure on, 122; actions, 125, 131–2, 145, 152, 176, 193) 230, 232; report on Kenley attack, 207; airfields attacked, 226; damage to, 248, 250–1, 267; saved by change of German tactics, 267; Churchill visits HQ, 274; and early-warning system, 275; combats mass bombers, 278, 280; losses, 292; tactics, 315–19
no. 12 Fighter Group, 27; responsibility and HQ, 116, 122; losses, 130; and squadron deployment, 251; fighter tactics, 315–18
no. 13 Fighter Group, 64, 116, 173–4, 251
no. 14 Fighter Group, 70, 114n
Fighting Area (UK), 23, 26, 56
Fighting Area Attacks, 122
filter rooms, 116, 321
Filton (Bristol): factory bombed, 224, 294–5
Fink, Johannes, 154–7, 260–1
Finland, 81
Fisher, Basil, 127
Fiske, W. M. L., 188–9, 194, 336
Fisser, Dr, 146–8
Fleet Air Arm, 19n, 2on; pilots in Battle of Britain, 193, 201, 284, 290
Flinders, John (‘Polly’), 208
Flying Training Manual, 314
Focke-Wulf company (Germany), 43; 190 aircraft, 44
Forbes, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Charles, 327
Ford: airfield attacked, 215
Foreness CHL station, 144, 256
Fox light bomber, 34
France: Air Force strength, 25; and German threat, 55, 64; and Czech crisis, 57; 1940 collapse, 64, 90, 99, 104–5, 108; Germans invade, 84; requests British air support, 85–7, 90, 98–9; Air Force losses, 90; Fleet neutralised, 106; see also French
Franco, General Francisco, 34
Frantisek, Josef, 186–7, 301
Freeman, Air Chief Marshal Sir Wilfrid, 21, 102–3, 332
French: pilots serve in RAF, 191, 284
French 1st Army, 94
French 7th Army, 94
French, Field Marshal John Denton Pinkstone, 9, 11
Froelich, Stefan, 276
fuels (aircraft), 35
Galland, Adolf: training, 33–4; and British fighter performance, 35; on Dunkirk, 95; and Adlertag, 163; on drop tanks, 198; aggression, 219; favours bombing of London, 244–5; and Luftwaffe failure, 275, 283; escorts mass bomber attacks, 278; leadership, 289; and aircraft limitations, 310
Gassner, Alfred, 46
GCI (Ground Control Interception) stations, 225
Geddes, Sir Eric, 19–20
George VI, King, 105, 164, 269, 323
Germany: bombed in World War I, 14; as threat, 26; pre-war air power, 31–4, 52, 56; aircraft development and design, 43–7; pre-war aggression, 54–5, 60; bombing offensive against, 86–7; advance in France and Low Countries, 88, 91; invasion plan against Britain, 104, 106, 108–10, 136–7, 245, 247, 265–6, 272–3, 283, 292–3, 308; bombing offensive against, 242–5
Gilbert, Martin, 326
Gillan, John, 38
Gladiator aircraft, 36, 79, 81–2
Gleave, Tom, 271
Gleed, Ian (‘Widge’), 88, 176
Glorious, HMS, 81–2
Gneisenau (German warship), 82
Gobeil, F. M., 189
Goddard, Victor, 96
Goebbels, Joseph, 45, 135, 272, 324
Goering, Hermann: heads German Air Ministry, 32–3; on Me no, 45; claims destruction of BEF, 93; and air offensive against Britain, 109; as C. in C, in; and British recalcitrance, 129; and invasion plans, 131, 136; Adlerangriff strategy, 137–40, 154–5, 158, 163, 175, 191; visits High Command, 141; and RAF recruitment, 186; tactics, 202; and Stuka losses, 216; criticises Luftwaffe fighter pilots, 219; changes plans at Karinhall, 220, 223–4; and bombing of Berlin, 243; and bombing of London, 244–5, 267; assesses progress of Battle of Britain, 247–8; at St Omer, 254; personal command, 254; observes bombing armada, 255–6, 261; underestimates RAF fighter strength, 280; poor leadership, 309; in British pamphlet on Battle of Britain, 324
Goetz, Ferdy, 255, 261
Gollin, Alfred, 8
Gordon, John, 156
Gort, Field Marshal John Vereker, 85–6, 91
Gosport, 194; airfield attacked, 215
Government Code and Cipher School, Bletchley Park, 92, 326
GPO (War Group) see Post Office War Group Graham, E., 174, 238
Grandy, John, 195, 289
Gravesend, 252, 300
Gray, Colin F., 190, 192, 201, 285
Gray, Tom, 348
Great Yarmouth, 226
Greenshields, Henry la Fore, 193, 196
Greenwood, John, 339
Gribble, George D., 201
Grice, Richard, 175, 208, 288
ground control: developed in World War I, 11, 14–16; system at outbreak of World War II, 64, 118; in operation, 276; and night fighters, 322; see also GCI
ground staff and maintenance, 167–70, 331
Guderian, General Heinz, 88, 91, 108
Haamstede: bombed, 139
Hahn, Hans von, 237, 289
Haider, Franz, 110 Halifax bombers, 59
Halifax, Edward Frederick Lindley Wood, 1st Earl of, no, 212, 322
Hallings-Pott, John, 164
Hal ton: Apprentices’ School, 21
Hanbury, Felicity, 239
Handrick, Gotthart, 161
Hannah, John, VC, 293
Hardinge of Penshurst, Alexander Henry Louis, 2nd Baron, 269
Hardy, Richard, 178, 182
Harland and Wolff works, London; bombed, 259
Harrier jump-jets, 42
Harris, Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur, 21, 323
Harrogate: attacked, 272
Hart bomber, 35–6
Hatfield: de Havilland works attacked, 298
Haviland, J. K., 188
Hawker Engineering Company, 35–7; see also Hurricane fighter
Hawkinge: airfield attacked, 148, 150–1, 175) 236n; Back Component, 92n
Haysom, G. D. L., 190
head-on attacks, 232–3
Hearn, J. R., 161, 345
Heinkel company (Germany), 43
Heinkel He 51 fighter, 34
Heinkel He 59 seaplane, 134–5
Heinkel He 111 bomber: design and performance, 45–7; uses Lorenz blind-landing set, 69; examined by British, 69; activities, 141; vulnerability, 150
Heinkel He 112 fighter, 43
Henderson, Elspeth, 239
Hendon: airshows, 22, 28; aircraft reserves at, 199
Hendon Borough Council, 157
Heyworth, J., 312
Higgins, Air Chief Marshal John, 21
Higgs, Tom, 126
Hill, Professor A. V., 49
Hillary, Richard, 271
Hillingdon House, Uxbridge, 27
Hintze, Otto, 143, 303
Hitler, Adolf: rise to power, 25, 31; and development of German air power, 32–3; strategic initiative, 54; aggressive actions, 54–5, 57–8, 60, 63, 65; meets Chamberlain, 58; attacks France, 68, 101; and outbreak of war, 76; occupies Denmark and Norway, 80; and elimination of BEF, 93 J 95; attacks Low Countries, 101; and plans for invasion of Britain, 109–10, 136–7, 245, 273, 294, 304; orders bombing offensive against Britain, 109; hopes for peace settlement, no, 131; halted by Battle of Britain, 118; and British recalcitrance, 129; and attack on Croydon, 182; reprisal bombings of London, 243–5, 308; postpones invasion indefinitely, 283, 301, 308; see also Germany
Hives, Ernest Walter, 34
Hoare, Sir Samuel, 19
Hogan, Henry A. V., 133, 150, 299, 346
Holland, 101
Holloway, Sidney, 225, 339
Holmes, G. M., 277
Home Defence Force, 11, 21–5; command, 26–7
Home Fleet (British), 68
Home Guard (formerly Local Defence Volunteers), 101, 106, 185, 266, 328
Hood, HMS, 68
Hooker, Stanley, 35
Hope, Sir Archibald, 188, 194
Hornchurch: airfield attacked, 170, 217, 226
Houston, Dame Lucy, 39n Hughes, Desmond, 228
Hughes, Paterson, 241
Hugo, Petrus Hendrink (‘Dutch’), 190, 206
Hull, Caesar, 262, 268, 336
Hurricane fighter: engine, 35; design and performance, 36–8, 41, 45, 48; prewar supply, 38; modifications, 71, 83–4, 234, 331; in France, 76–8, 83–6, 89, 99; in squadron service, 79–80, 84; in Norway campaign, 82–3; losses at Dunkirk, 94–5; losses in France, 100; as production priority, 102; numbers at start of Battle of Britain, 112–13; qualities, 136, 341; cannon-equipped, 156; night-fighting, 224; counters escorted bombers, 235; production, 307–8; Dowding supports, 332
Hutchinson, Iain, 170, 234–5, 290–1
Huth, Joachim Friedrich, 125, 155, 289
Hymer, Eric, 348
IFF (identification friend or foe), 51, 67n, 71
Imperial Airways, 22
India: RAF role in, 20
Ingle, J. J., 193
Inner Artillery Zone (British), 23, 26, 263, 269
Inskip, Sir Thomas, 53–4
invasion of Britain see Britain; also ‘Sealion‘
Ismay, General Hastings Lionel, 18, 90
Israelis: in RAF, 191
Italy: invades Abyssinia, 25; invades Albania, 60; joins Germany, 104; air attacks on Malta and Sidi Barrani, 123, 127; bombed, 163, 303; air force attacks Britain, 303–4
Jamaicans: in RAF, 191
Jameson, P. G., 82
Jay, D. Trevor, 275
Johns, George, 234, 343
Johnson, Air Vice-Marshal John E., 313
Johnstone, A. V. R. (‘Sandy’), 258
Jones, A. E., 350
Jones, H. A., 14
Jones, Ira (‘Grandpa Tiger’), 127
Jones, Peter, 194
Jones, R. V., 69, 269
Jones, Richard, 287
Josclin, John, 132
Jumo engines (German), 47
Junkers 86P aircraft, 214
Junkers Ju 87 (Stuka) dive bomber, 47; at Dunkirk, 94; efficacy, 121, 161; raids by, 129–30, 133, 144; vulnerability, 130, 136, 139, 187, 193; losses, 216; withdrawn, 220
Junkers Ju 88 bomber, 46–7, 123, 134, 136, 145, 150
Karinhall, 220, 224
Keil, Anton, 175
Keitel, Feldmarschall Wilhelm, 109, 245, 301
Kelley, Frank, 128
Kenley: early attacks on airfield, 179, 181—2, 351; concentrated attacks on, 203–7, 214, 226, 236, 248
Kennedy, Joseph P., 185
Kent, HRH George, Duke of, 123
Kent, J. A., 189
Keogh, V. C. (‘Shorty’), 187–8
Kesselring, Feldmarschall Albert: and destruction of BEF, 93; supports assault on Britain, 108; commands Luftfiotte 2: in, 125; and weather conditions, 123; actions, 130–1, 153; on strength of bomber force, 138; underestimates British fighter numbers, 140; and Goering, 141, 175, 202, 254; and Rubensdoerffer’s attacks on radar, 144; attacks south-coast radar stations, 145, 148; and Adlerangriff, 160–1, 164, 195, 227; and raid on Detling, 162; and raid on Croydon, 182; concentrated raids, 202, 207; Sperrle forces transferred to, 219, 229; tactics, 232; favours bombing of London, 244–5; assesses progress of Battle, 247–8; and KG26, 270; and strength of Fighter Command, 272; misunderstands RAF early-warning system, 275; pilots’ experience, 289; sends lone bombers, 290; and Hitler directive, 302
Kestrel engine (Rolls-Royce), 34, 36, 43
King, Eric, 195
Kingsley, John, 210
Kleyenstueber, Arno, 173
’Knickebein‘ system, 69, 268–9
Knoetsch, ‘Bubi’, 43
Kreiger, Hauptmann, 126
Kreipe, Major, 93
Kretzer, Obergefreiter, 182
Kuenstler, Hauptmann, 270
Kup, Edith, 352
Labour and National Service, Ministry of, 103–4
Lacey, J. M. (‘Ginger’), 202
Lamberty, Rudolf, 209 Lancastria, SS, 99
Law, Andrew Bonar, 19, 21
Lawrence, K. A., 190
leadership: in RAF, 284–9;in Luftwaffe, 289
League of Nations, 24
Learoyd, R. A. B., VC, 245n, 293
Leathart, James, 132, 190, 192, 201, 226, 284–6, 301
Leckrone, Phil, 290
Lee, D. G., 150–1
Lee, Kenneth, 211
Lee-on-Solent, 194
Legge, Claire, 342
Legion Kondor (Spanish Civil War), 34, 111
Leigh, Rupert, 123
Leigh-Mallory, Air Vice-Marshal (Sir) Trafford: commands 12 Group, 116, 295; aids 11 Group, 226; criticised, 287; in tactics controversy, 315–19, 326; replaces Park, 320; and conduct of Battle, 333
Lemon, (Sir) Ernest, 103
Lewin, Ronald: Ultra Goes to War, 326
Lewis, Cecil: Sagittarius Rising, 15
Lipetsk (USSR), 31–2
Liverpool: bombed, 224, 291, 304
Llanreath, 223
Lloyd George, David, 11, 17, 239
Local Defence Volunteers see Home Guard
Loerzer, Bruno, 254
London: bombing and defence in World War I, 10–15; inter-war defences, 23, 26; World War II bombing, 122, 224, 227, 243–5; mass attacks on, 258–63, 267–70, 276–8, 290–1, 304, 308; damage, 262, 264, 268; Me 109s bomb, 298–9
Londonderry, Charles Stewart Henry Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of, 50
losses (aircraft): RAF, 127, 136, 153, 160, 162, 183, 214, 229, 237, 247–8, 271, 282–3, 291j 310–11; Luftwaffe, 70, 100, 136, 139, 153, 160, 162, 182–3, 191, 214, 229, 247, 271, 282–3, 291, 310–11; controversy over, 310–11
Lucas, P. B. (‘Laddie’), 319
Ludlow-Hewitt, Air Chief Marshal Sir Edgar, 21, 149–50, 164, 175, 330
Luederitz, Oberleutnant, 147
Luetzow, 289
Luftflotten see Luftwaffe Lufthansa (air line), 32–3
Luftsportsverband, 32
Luftwaffe: 1930s development and expansion, 25, 31–4, 56; aircraft development, 43–7; support role for Army, 63, 309; attacks on British Fleet, 68–9; coastal attacks, 70; calculated loss rate, 76; actions in France, 82–6, 91; code broken, 92–3; at Dunkirk, 93–6; reconnaissance flights over England, 99, 123; losses in France, 100; regroups before proposed invasion of Britain, 108; bombing offensive against Britain, 109, 137–8; and German invasion plans, 110, 136–7; strength at start of Battle of Britain, 111–12, 117; high morale, 117–18, 162; airfields bombed, 106, 122, 139, 270, 292; air-sea rescue service, 134–5, 303; bomber strength, 138; early optimism, 140; attacks N.E. England and Scotland, 171, 173–4; high-altitude photo-reconnaissance, 214; command changes, 219; numerical superiority, 220–2, 235; night attacks, 224–7; heavy armour-plate, 233–4; declining morale, 236–7, 275, 282, 310; mass bombing attacks on London, 255–6, 258–65, 267–70, 276–8, 304; manoeuvres to confuse tracking, 256; leadership qualities in, 289; ceases daylight bombing, 297; poor information, 309; organisation and fighting role, 309; weakness, 310; fighting tactics, 313; War Diaries, 237; see also losses (aircraft)
FORMATIONS
Luftflotte 1: 111, 154
Luftflotte 2: and Dunkirk, 93; command and responsibility, 111–12, 115; preparation, 129; and Adlerangriff, 154, 193, 196, 217; losses, 182, 216; concentrates attacks, 203; increased Me 109s in, 229; mass formations, 276
Luftflotte 3: command and responsibility, 111-12, 115; over West Country, 126; preparation, 129; and convoy ‘Peewit’, 139; mistakes front-line airfields, 215; night raids, 263; low morale, 275; attacks Filton, 295
Luftflotte 5: 111, 154, 171, 173–4
UNITS
I/JG2, 255
III/JG2, 163
JG3, 276
II/JG3, 241
JG26 (‘Schlageter’), 149, 161, 163–4, 179, 219, 278
I/JG27, 133
I/JG51, 125, 138, 219, 303
JG52, 164, 303
JG53, 145
JG54, 278
KG2, 154–5, 192, 260–1, 278
KG3, 179, 191
KG26, 182, 191, 270
II/KG27, 141
KG30, 171
KG51 (Edelweissgeschwader), 145–6
KG53, 278
KG55, 165, 296
KG56, 278
KG76, 203
III/KG76, 276
KG77, 296
III/KG77, 290
KG100, 162–3, 224
LGi, 158, 161, 191
I/StG2, 194
II/StG2, 163
I/StG77, 216
ZG2, 145
I/ZG2, 239
ZG26, 125, 155
ZG76, 145
OTHER FORMATIONS see Erprobungsgruppe 210
Lukaszwickz, K., 145
Lutz, Martin, 142, 294, 296–7
Lympne: airfield attacked, 148–50, 175, 236n; Ludlow-Hewitt visits, 164
McArthur, James, 258, 262
Macdonald, A. R. D., 288
Macdonald, Peter, 316–17
MacDonald, Ramsay, 39n
Macfie, F. Colin, 290
McGregor, Hector, 146–8
Mcindoe, Sir Archibald, 271
Mackenzie, Kenneth, 300–1
McKnight, Willie, 189
MacLean, C. Hector, 201
McNab, E. A., 189
Maffett, G. H., 340
Maintenance Command, 27, 62, 100
Maisky, Ivan, 264
Malan, A. G. (‘Sailor’), 92, 139, 156, 166, 190, 206
Malta, 123, 127
Mamedoff, Andrew, 187, 227
Manchester: bombed, 304
Manchester aircraft, 59
Manston airfield (‘Charlie 3’): attacked, 122, 148, 151–3, 164, 175, 210, 223, 226, 236ns Churchill on slow repairs to, 200
Marrs, Eric (‘Boy’), 296, 347
Martin, W., 337
Martini, General Wolfgang, 144, 157
Martiesham Heath: airfield attacked, 175, 180, 236
Mary, Queen Mother, 105
Meisel, Captain, 216
Merlin engine (Rolls-Royce), 34–5, 38–9, 42, 44
Mers-el-Kebir, 106
Messerschmitt company (formerly BFW), 43
Messerschmitt Me 109 fighter: in Spanish Civil War, 34; development, design and performance, 43–5, 168; in action in France, 83–4; numbers at start of Battle of Britain, 112–13; ‘free-chase’ activities, 121, 125, 141, 158, 202, 223; on escort, 124–5; qualities, 136, 291, 309–10; as bomber, 142; as close escort, 235; high-flying, 292, 298–300, 302–3; E7 and E4/N models, 298; range limitations, 309–10
Messerschmitt Me 110 aircraft: design, development and performance, 45; in action in France, 83–4; numbers at start of Battle of Britain, 112–13; inadequacy and vulnerability, 125, 136, 178, 220, 229; as bomber, 142, 300; drop tanks fitted, 198
Messerschmitt, Willy, 43, 45
Metropolitan Air Force, 2in, 53
Middle Wallop, 158–9, 165, 179; WAAFs at, 330
Milch, Feldmarschall Erhard, 32–3, 108
Mills, Bernard, 181
Mills, Stuart, 81
Mitchell, Reginald Joseph, 35, 38–9, 41, 331
Mitchell, Tom, 176
Moelders, Werner, 34, 163, 219, 313
Mola Vidal, General Emilio, 107n
Montgomery, R., 150
Morris, Edward, 233, 288
Mortimer, Joan, 209
Mosley, Sir Oswald, 108
Mosquito aircraft, 298
Mungo-Park, J. C, 126
Munich agreement, 1938, 58–9, 64
Mussolini, Benito, 54, 163, 303
Mustang aircraft (P51), 35, 46n
Narvik (Norway), 82
Nelson-Edwards, George, 343
New York Herald Tribune, 128, 187
New York Times, 130, 184–5
New Yorker magazine, 196
New Zealanders: in RAF, 190–1
Newall, Air Chief Marshal Sir Cyril, 21, 78, 86–91, 316
Newman, Harry, 349
Nicolson, Harold, 212, 261
Nicolson, James, VC, 195
Night Air Defence Committee, 321
night raids, 224–7, 263, 268–80, 290–1
Noble, Olive, 271
Norfolk, Norman, 288
North Sea: shipping protection in, 76
North Weald: airfield attacked, 226, 303
Northcliffe, Alfred Charles William Harmsworth, Viscount, 8
Northern Ireland, 76
Northolt, 236n, 248, 252
Norway, 80–2; as bomber base, 173, 307, 326
Observation Corps (World War I), 11
Observer Corps (later Royal Observer Corps): development of, 26, 57; mobilised, 58; training, 67; HQ, 114; standards, 114; in action, 145, 195, 232, 256; misses KG2 on Adlertag, 155; and KG76 concentrated attack, 203; and mass raids, 269; contribution to victory, 328
O’Connor, F. P., 33m, 348
octane rating (petrol), 35
Oeusan, Walter, 289
Oldham, Jack, 168–9
Operational Training Units (OTUs), 221
operations rooms, 15–16, 23, 116–17; damaged, 236; WAAFs in, 329, 352–3
Orwell, George, 106
Ostend: docks bombed, 293
Osterkamp, Major General Theo, 138, 219
Osterman, Hellmuth, 237
Outer Artillery Zone (British), 23, 26, 56
Oxspring, R. W., 280
Packard company (USA), 35
Page, Geoffrey, 343
Palliser, Charles C, 233, 288–9
Panter-Downes, Mollie, 196
Parachute and Cable (PAC), 204–5, 208
Park, Air Vice-Marshal (Sir) Keith Rodney: and fighters in France, 89; and Dunkirk, 93–5, 115; commands 11 Group, 115; and conduct of Battle, 153. 163, 175–6, 192, 195, 217, 230, 235, 295–6, 333; on pilot shortage, 200, 250; and damage to CH stations, 216; reappraisal by, 222; requests help from Leigh-Mallory, 226; on effect of ground damage, 236; and mass attacks on London, 258–9, 265; orders squadrons to work in pairs, 272; and Churchill’s visit, 282; dissatisfied with Group’s success, 284; as leader, 288; and high-flying Me 109 bombers, 299–300; on phases of Battle, 307; and aircraft losses, 311; and fighter tactics controversy, 315—J9, 323; replaced, 320; importance and achievements, 331–3
Partridge, Frances, 160
Peel, John, 2–3
Pembroke docks, 222
Perkin, Frederick, 345
Perthes, Oberleutnant von, 232
Petersen, Feldwebel, 205
Pevensey (Sussex), 142
‘Phoney War’, 68, 80
photoreconnaissance: by Luftwaffe, 214
Pile, Lieutenant General Sir Frederick (‘Tim’), 113, 164, 186–7
pilots (RAF): shortage of, 102, 221, 307; skill and quality of, 118, 333; attitude to fighting, 162, 325; international origins, 186–91; casualties and replacements, 200–2, 249–50; Luftwaffe shoot while parachuting, 231; morale, 237–8; training, 285–6; exhaustion and relief, 286; and fighter tactics, 312–13
‘Pipsqueak’ (signal system), 64
Pitcher, Paul, 335
Plenderleith, Robert, 349
Pobjoys aircraft works, Rochester, 179
Poland, 60, 63
Poles: service in RAF, 186–7, 191, 217, 284, 302; shoot at parachuting enemy, 231–2
Poling: CH station, 145, 193, 215–16
Pond, Bill, 216
Poole, Mrs Chris, 349
Portal, Air Marshal Sir Charles, 21–2, 317–18, 322
Portland, 130, 139, 142, 145, 176, 178–9, 280
Portsmouth, 145–6, 148, 176, 178–9, 227
Post Office War Group, 236, 328
Prime Minister’s Committee on Air Organisation and Home Defence against Air Raids (World War I), 11
Queen Victoria Hospital see East Grinstead
Quill, Jeffrey, 40–1, 152, 168, 341
R 101 (airship), 29
Raab, Wilhelm, 204
radar (radio-location): Dowding supports, 29, 332; development of, 50–1; chain of stations in Britain, 52, 58, 64; for gun-laying, 113; stations attacked, 138–9, 141–3, 146, 148, 153; stations restored, 145; attacks discontinued, 220
radio telephones, 14, 64
Raeder, Grand Admiral Erich, 108, no, 137, 245
RDF (radio direction finding), 51; see also radar
Reading (Berkshire), 272
rear-view mirrors (aircraft), 234
Red Cross markings, 134–5
Regia Aeronautica (Italy), 33; see also Italy
Reserve Command, 27
Restemeyer, Werner, 173–4
Reynaud, Paul, 85, 99
Reynell, R. C, 262
Rhodesians: in RAF, 191
Richey, Paul, 85, 100
Richthofen, General Wolfram, Freiherr von, 2, 216
Riegel, Kurt, 133
Roach, R. J. B., 252–4
Roberts, David, 158
Robinson, N., 351
Rochester (Kent), 160–1, 179
Roessiger, Wilhelm-Richard, 143
Rolls-Royce company, 34–5, 39, 113
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 185, 294
Rosier, Air Chief Marshal Sir Frederick, 312
Rosyth (Scotland), 68
Roth, Joachim, 203, 205, 209
Rotterdam: bombed, 122
Rowe, A. P., 49–50
Rowledge, A. J., 34
Royal Air Force: formed (1918), 13; strength reduced, 17–18; maintains independence, 18–20; and Middle East air control, 19; 1930s expansion, 25. 34, 36, 52, 55–6, 59; command structure, 27; aircraft development, 34–6; overseas strength, 52–3; prewar deficiencies, 59; losses in France, 100; and prevention of invasion, 104; and enemy Red-Cross marked aircraft, 134; air-sea rescue, 134–5; German aim to destroy, 308–9; see also Bomber Command; Coastal Command; Fighter Command; losses (aircraft)
SQUADRONS
1 Squadron, 76, 83–5, 99, 256, 259, 335 3
3 Squadron, 84, 88, 99, 190
17 Squadron, 99, 228
19 Squadron, 168, 170, 198, 259, 319
25 Squadron, 225
32 Squadron, 125–6, 150, 163, 181, 192, 206, 208–9
41 Squadron, 70, 97, 174, 241, 285, 288, 292
43 Squadron, 69, 158, 194, 215–16, 256; relieved, 268
46 Squadron, 69, 82
54 Squadron, 92, 96–7, 132, 144, 152, 175, 190, 192, 201, 286, 301; relieved, 239
56 Squadron, 66, 123, 152, 161, 210, 238
64 Squadron, 150, 179, 199, 287; relieved, 222
65 Squadron, 121, 144, 151–2
66 Squadron, 123–4, 259, 280
72 Squadron, 94, 174, 238, 288, 348
73 Squadron, 76, 83–4, 99, 171, 259
74 Squadron, 67, 96, 124–7, 156, 166; relieved, 222
79 Squadron, 84, 174, 187, 190, 233, 256, 288
85 Squadron, 76, 153, 230, 232
87 Squadron, 76, 88, 141, 176, 228, 275
92 Squadron, 127, 189, 268, 270, 290, 296
107 Squadron, 122
111 Squadron, 125, 144, 156, 179–81, 189, 192, 205, 232, 256, 300; relieved, 222, 237, 268
141 Squadron, 130–1, 228
145 Squadron, 1–3, 166, 202; relieved, 222
151 Squadron, 67, 130, 145, 256, 279
152 Squadron, 147, 216, 296
213 Squadron, 94, 146, 263
222 Squadron, 170, 234, 270, 290, 292
229 Squadron, 271
234 Squadron, 165, 241
238 Squadron, 166, 232
242 Squadron, 99, 189, 259, 316, 319
249 Squadron, 195, 233, 256, 258, 260, 276, 303
253 Squadron, 168, 240, 250, 256, 276
257 Squadron, 1, 158, 238, 289, 303
263 Squadron, 81–2
264 Squadron, 94, 228, 230
266 Squadron, 157, 192–3, 210, 232, 252, 286; relieved, 222
302 Squadron, 223, 302
303 Squadron, 189, 256, 259, 270, 300–1, 335
310 Squadron, 230, 319
501 Squadron, 84, 99, 133, 144–5, 150, 175, 190, 217, 241, 250, 256, 258, 299, 346
504 Squadron, 84, 256, 276–7
600 Squadron, 85, 263
601 Squadron, 130, 198, 215–16; relieved, 222
602 Squadron, 68, 216, 258, 299, 303
603 Squadron, 68, 123, 190, 259
605 Squadron, 174
607 Squadron, 68, 79, 84, 300
609 Squadron, 1, 122, 129, 159–60, 165, 187–8, 227–8, 258, 262, 277
610 Squadron, 149, 207–9, 288
615 Squadron, 79, 163, 190, 205–6
616 Squadron, 171, 173–4, 223, 230, 250, 290
Royal Air Force Narrative, 220, 222
Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve, 62
Royal Canadian Air Force, 189; no. 1 Squadron (later 401), 189, 230, 335
Royal Corps of Signals, 236
Royal Flying Corps (RFC), 8–9, 13
Royal National Lifeboat Institution, 135
Royal Naval Air Service, 13
Royal Navy: and RFC, 9; air arm, 19; mobilised, 58; and prevention of invasion, 104, 106, 327; and neutralisation of French fleet, 106
Royal Oak, HMS, 68
Royce, Sir Henry, 34
Rubensdoerffer, Walter: operations, 142, 144, 146, 162–4, 175, 179–81, 203; killed, 182, 289
Rundstedt, Feldmarschall Karl Rudolf Gerd von, 95
Ryder, J. T., 167, 238, 339
Rye (Sussex), 143
S.6 aircraft (British), 39
St Exupery, Antoine de, 90
Sackville-West, Vita, 153
Salisbury, James Edward Hubert Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of, 19–21
Salmond, Geoffrey, 21
Salmond, Marshal of the RAF Sir John, 21, 321 Samson, David, 207
Samson, Donald, 349
Satchell, W., 223
Saul, Air Vice-Marshal Richard, 116
Scapa Flow: defence of, 61, 68–9, 76; U-boat penetrates, 68
Schad, Leutnant, 147 Scharnhorst (German warship), 82
Schellmann, 289
Schlichting, F.-K., 141
Schmidt, Josef (‘Beppo’), 173, 179, 186
Schmued, Edgar, 46n Schneider Trophy races, 22, 38
Schroeder, Leutnant, 124 Schwarme formation, 313
Scott, E., 270
Sealand (Cheshire), 164
‘Sealion’ (Seeloewe; German invasion plan), 110, 137, 140, 245, 265; and Adlerangriff, 154; postponed, 301, 308
searchlights (British), 56, 62
Seekt, General Hans von, 31–2
Selle, Erich von, 241
Seversky, Alexander, 184
Shallard, Pat, 285
Sheffield: Vickers works, 248
Shell oil (company), 35
Shirer, William L., 243
Short Brothers works, Rochester, 179, 239
Sidi Barrani, 123, 127
Silvertown, 264
Simon, Sir John, 25
Simpson, Peter, 211–13
Sinclair, Sir Archibald, 199–200, 239, 311, 320–1, 323–4
Slessor, Air Commodore (Sir) Jack, 21, 322
Smith, Sub-Lieutenant, 2–3
Smith, Andrew (‘Big Bill’), 125
Smith, Paul, 342
Smith, Roddick Lee, 156
Smith, Wynford, 132
Smuts, Field Marshal Jan Christian, 11, 13, 17
Soar, T. E., 349
Sombern, Oberleutnant, 124–5
Sommer, Otto, 205
Sopwith, Thomas O. M., 37
Sorley, Ralph, 37
South Africans: in RAF, 190–1, 206
Southampton, 145, 158, 176, 222; see also Woolston Spanish Civil War, 34, 46, 107n
Spencer, D. G. H., 221n
Spencer, Desmond, 210
Sperrle, Feldmarschall Hugo von: at Lipetsk, 31; commands Luftflotte 3, 111, 122, 126; and weather conditions, 123; on strength of bomber force, 138; underestimates British fighter numbers, 140; and Goering, 141, 175, 182; attacks south-coast radar stations, 145, 148; uses ‘free-chase’ Me 109s, 158; and Adlerangriff, 161, 164, 195, 227, 230; forces transferred to Kesselring, 219, 229; night raids, 229; escort tactics, 235; opposes bombing of London, 244; raids Portland, 280; pilots’ experience, 289; sends lone bombers, 290; attacks aircraft factories, 296; and Hitler directive, 302
Spitfire aircraft: engine, 35; design, development and performance, 38–41, 45, 48, 168; pre-war production and supply, 41; modifications, 71, 167–8, 234; in squadron service, 79–80; and BEF evacuation, 92, 94; losses at Dunkirk, 94–5; losses in France, 100; as production priority, 102; numbers at start of Battle of Britain, 112–13; qualities, 136, 341; counter-measures against escorted bombers, 235; Mark 2, 252; high-flying patrols, 292, 299, 302–3; production, 307–8; Dowding supports, 332; see also Supermarine company
Staff College see Andover: Staff College
Standen, Ann, 342
Stanmore: HQs at, 113–14
Steel, John, 21
Stephens, M. M., 88
Stirling bomber, 59
Stones, Donald, 156n, 187, 233–4
Stoney, George, 217, 347
Storckl, Alois, 165
Storrar, James, 1–2
Student, Jurt, 31
Stumpff, General Hans-Juergen, 111, 173–4, 326
Summers, J. (‘Mutt’), 39
Supermarine company, 38, 41; see also Woolston
Supply, Ministry of, 53
Swinton, Sir Philip Cunliffe-Lister, 50, 55
Sword of Honour (Cranwell), 24–5
Sykes, Sir Frederick, 18
tactics (fighter): RAF controversy over, 311–17, 326
Tangmere: airfield attacked, 193–4; losses, 252; WAAFs at, 330
Taranto (Italy), 304
Taylor, A. J. P., 60, 86
Tedder, Arthur, 21
Ten Year Rule (British), 24
Thalman, Willy, 126
Thameshaven: oil storage tanks attacked, 241, 260
Thompson, John, 125–6, 131, 156, 180–2, 192, 237, 268, 346
Thornaby, 223
Thorney Island: airfield attacked, 215
Tietzen, Horst, 218 Times, The, 162
Tizard, Sir Henry, 49, 51
Tobin, E. Q. (‘Red’), 187
Townsend, Peter, 69, 139, 153, 230, 238
Training Command (RAF), 27
Trautloft, Hannes, 278, 283, 289
Trenchard, Sir Hugh: maintains RAF independence, 18–21; develops RAF, 21–2; and Home Defence, 24; and Dowding, 28; peerage, 324
Trousdale, Richard, 210, 252–3
Tuck, Robert Stanford, 40–1, 92, 202, 211, 238, 289, 338, 339
Turley-George, Anne, 336
Turley-George, Douglas R. (‘Dickie’), 132, 301
Turner, Helen, 239
Typhoon aircraft, 41
U-47 (submarine), 68
Ultra, 326–7; see also Enigma machine
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR): pre-war Luftwaffe flying school in, 31; and threat to Czechoslovakia, 57; and division of Poland, 63; winter war with Finland, 81; in Chiefs of Staff paper, 104; occupies Baltic states, no; Hitler attacks, 137, 245
United States of America: Neutrality Act, 35; economic support for Britain, 104; and British morale, 106; press reports in, 128, 184; Dowding mission in, 322
University Air Squadrons, 22
Unwin, George, 337
Urie, J. Dunlop, 201
Ventnor (Isle of Wight), 145; CH station attacked and damaged, 146–8, 153, 194, 227; repaired, 197; operations, 228
Vickers aircraft company, 39, 248
Vincent, Clifford, 143
Vincent, Stanley, 280–2
Vuillemin, General Joseph, 98
Waalhaven (Netherlands), 85
Walker, Johnny, 238
Walker, W.L.B., 344
Walsh, Edmund, 338
Wapiti aircraft, 221 & n
War Cabinet (British), 86–90, 98
War Office, 9, 13, 18, 20
Ward, Derek, 176
Warmwell airfield, 135, 229
Watnall (Nottinghamshire), 27
Watson-Watt, Sir Robert, 49–51, 67n, 331–2
Way, B. H. (‘Wonkey’), 132
Webb, Paul, 201–2
Wedel, Professor Hassel von, 276–8
Weir, A. N. C: quoted, 5, 119
Weitkus, Paul, 260–1
Welford, George, 344
Werra, Oberleutnant von, 241
West Mailing: airfield attacked, 182, 192, 300
Westmacott, Innes, 339
Weygand, General Maxime, 99, 105
Weymouth (Dorset), 2, 139, 142, 176
White, Flight Sergeant, 347
Wieck, Helmut, 16on Wilcox, Ronald: quoted, 305
Wilkins, A. F., 49–50
Wilkinson, Rodney (‘Wilkie’), 192–3, 209, 231, 286
Williams, Billy, 190
Williams, Cedric, 228
Williams, D. G., 350
Williams, Wycliff, 252–4
Wimperis, H. E., 49–50
Winant, John G., 194n Winterbotham, F. W., 325–6
Wittering, 252
Women’s Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF): formed, 62; actions, 235; importance, 329–30
Women’s Voluntary Service, 328
Wood, Sir Kingsley, 59
Wood-Scawen, P. P. and C. A., 336
Woolston (near Southampton): Supermarine works, 113, 145, 158, 280, 294–5
Woolwich arsenal: bombed, 259
World War I, 10–12
Wright, Robert, 86–7, 323
Wynn, J., 351
Y (Interception) Service, 329
Zeppelin, Count Ferdinand von, 8
Zeppelins (German), 7–10, 14