Abbots Ripton (Huntingdonshire) 201
Act of Accord (1460) 273
Acts of Attainder 273, 278, 314
Adam Davy’s Dream of Edward II 29
Adam de Brome 37
Adam of Weil, Sir 82
Adams, Thomas 200
Adderbury, Sir Richard 85
Adderbury (Oxfordshire) 257
Adisham (Kent) 102
administration 14, 49–50, 82, 97–9, 168, 301
Agincourt 213, 217–19, 228, 234, 344
Agnes, widow of John, son of Nicholas 20
agriculture 334
crops 18–19, 200–202, 241, 242, 270, 309
livestock 18, 64, 199–200, 202, 241–2, 248, 256, 270–71
regulation 19
Albrecht of Bavaria 169
alchemy 290
Alcock, John, Bishop of Rochester 304
Aldborough (Knaresborough) 252–3
Aldred, Peter 134
Alexander the Great 53
Algeciras, siege of 82
Alice de Reymes 46
Alice of Kirkbride 101
aliens
1300–1400 87–8, 137, 138–9, 157
1400–1461 178, 183, 204, 243, 246, 247, 248
All Hallows church, York 234
All Saints church, Bristol 287
All Saints church, Fulham 245
All Saints church, Tilney (Norfolk) 289
All Souls College, Oxford 226, 257, 346
almshouses 9, 197, 212, 252, 303–4, 308
Alnwick (Northumberland) 3, 24, 74
Ambrosden (Oxfordshire) 253
Amburgh, Joan 256
Amburgh family 255–6
Amory, Roger 38
Ampney Crucis (Gloucestershire) 288
Ampthill Castle (Bedfordshire) 202
Andover (Hampshire) 246
Andrew, Dr Richard 257
Anglo-Hanseatic treaty 210
Anglo-Irish
Angoulême, Jean d’ 218, 227
Anne, Alexander 244
Anne of Bohemia (Queen of Richard II) 113, 128, 155
Antwerp 210
Appleby (Cumbria) 104
Aquitaine 37, 89, 114, 159, 221
Arbre des batailles 164
Archbishops of Canterbury 50, 51, 261, 274; see also Arundel, Thomas; Chichele, Henry; Peckham, John; Stratford, John; Sudbury
Archbishops of York 27, 51, 58, 284; see also Bouvel; Neville, Alexander; Neville, George; Scrope, Richard; Thoresby, John
Argenteyn, John 313
Argyll, Earl of 25
armies
composition 81, 86, 87, 96, 217, 221, 305
recruitment 222–3
retaining 217
see also tournaments; war
Arras 229
Arrivall of Edward IV, The 282
Ars notoria 234
art 41, 44, 45, 101–2, 143, 190, 289, 326, 333
Art of Love (Ars amatoria) 303
Arthur, Prince (son of Henry VII) 313
Arthurian imagery 30, 55, 110–11, 113, 176, 260
Arundel, Earls of 32, 80, 130, 144; see also Fitzallan, John; Fitzallan, Richard
Arundel, Sir William 184
Arundel, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury 168, 179, 186, 188, 189, 194–6, 199, 213, 222, 260, 343
Ashburton (Devon) 8
Ashton church (Somerset) 289
Asteley of Nailstone, Sir John 278
Astwick (Hertfordshire) 93
Attepond, Reginald 20
Audelay, John 230
Audley, Hugh the Younger 38
Augustine, St 153
Austen, Jane 258
Auxerre 83
Avignon 39
Ayenbite of Inwyt 157
Bache, Alexander, Bishop of St Asaph 169
Badby, William 188
Balliol, Edward 73
Balliol College, Oxford 149, 240
Banbury (Northamptonshire) 280
Bannockburn, Battle of 23, 24, 25, 34, 47, 48
Barber, Henry 27
Baret, John 245
Barnard Castle (co. Durham) 293
Basin, Thomas, Bishop of Lisieux 280
Basset, Ralph, Lord 169
Bassingbourn (Cambridgeshire) 8
Bassingbourne, Sir Stephen 93
Bastard of Burgundy 278
Bateman, William, Bishop of Norwich 97
Battle of Agincourt, The (ballad) 219
Bayeux 269
Baynard Castle 190
Beauchamp, Henry, Duke of Warwick 240, 283
Beauchamp, John 130
Beauchamp, Richard 91
Beauchamp, Richard, Earl of Warwick 234
Beauchamp, Sir William 163
Beaufort, Edmund, Duke of Somerset 272, 300
Beaufort, Henry, Bishop of Winchester 213, 219, 222, 224, 226, 236, 247
Beaufort, Lady Margaret 300, 301, 315, 317
Beaumaris (Anglesey) 121
Beccaria, Antonio 238
Bedford, John, Duke of 215, 216, 224–5, 228, 229, 238
Bedfordshire 45, 59, 177, 200, 202, 203, 262
Bek, Archbishop 24
Benedict XII, Pope 83
Bere Regis (Salisbury diocese) 196
Bergavenny, Admiral Thomas, Lord 144
Bergavenny, Joan, Lady 240
Bergavenny, Mary 144
Berkeley, Lord 67
Berkeley, Thomas 54
Berkeley Castle 54
Bernwood Forest (Buckinghamshire) 3, 21, 253–4
Berwick 24, 25, 26, 29, 105, 311
Bessarion, Cardinal 303
Beuno of Clynnog Fawr 259
Bibles 12, 141, 150, 151, 153, 188, 194–5, 260
Bildeston, Nicholas 238
Bingham, John, Lord of Louth 107
bishops
Armagh 59
Bangor 221
Bath and Wells 58, 71, 237, 261
Carlisle (see Kirkby, John)
Exeter 275
Lincoln 42, 150, 151, 154, 189, 260, 294
Lisieux 280
Llandaff 169
Norwich 37, 41, 68, 97, 127, 129, 163, 216, 260
Ossory 29
Rochester (see Alcock, John; Brinton, Thomas)
St David’s 208
Wales 169
Whithorn 27
Winchester 13, 47, 64, 78, 236, 257; see also Beaufort, Henry
Worcester 132, 189, 236, 238, 271
criticisms of 149
education 264
peerage 92–3
residences 22
roles 7–8, 41–2, 51, 88, 97, 100, 141, 150, 151–2, 260, 261
suffragan bishops 286
aftermath 63–70, 116, 134–5, 148, 339
Blackburne, Henry 87
Blackfriars Council 150
Blackthorn (Oxfordshire) 253
Blanche Duchess of Lancaster 110, 114, 155
Blocking, John 232
Blount, Sir Thomas 87
Blunt, John 216
Blythburgh (Suffolk) 207–8, 250, 262
Boarstall (Buckinghamshire) 252, 253–4, 303
Bodiam (Kent) 121
Bohemia 261
Bohemia, King of 76
Bohun, Humphrey, Earl of Hereford and
Essex 24, 30, 32, 35, 38, 46, 47, 73, 110
Bohun, William, Earl of Hereford and
Boleyn family 309
Bolingbroke, Henry see Henry IV
Bolingbroke (clerk) 233–4
Bolton Priory (Yorkshire) 18, 20, 21
Book of Noblesse 238, 311
Book of the Duchess, The 155
books 333
antiquarian 239–40
for children 303
commonplace 294
illumination 192, 240–41, 260, 277, 303, 310
manuscript 190, 192, 285, 303, 333
pocket-books 259
regulation 304
religious 15, 45–6, 140–41, 190, 192, 194–5, 216, 222, 259, 260, 261–2, 285, 302–3
see also Bibles; Books of Hours
northern 23, 92, 130, 173, 179
see also Marches
Boroughbridge, Battle of 35, 39
Boston (Lincolnshire) 189, 308
Botiller, Sir Andrew 184
Botwright, Dr Jon 295–6
Boucicault, Marshal 217
Boulers, Reginald 265
Bourchier, Isabel 258
Bourchier, John, Lord 184
Bourchier, Thomas 261
Bourg-en-Bresse (Normandy) 269–70
Bouvel, Archbishop of York 189
Bouvet, Honoré 164
Bouzon, Thomas 21–2
Boxford (Suffolk) 8
Bozon, Nicholas 44
Brabant, Jan III, Count of 77
Bradeston, Thomas 91
Bradmore, John 178
Brancaster (Norfolk) 67
Breage (Cornwall) 288
Breckland (East Anglia) 21, 64
Brecon 68
Brecon, Lord of 24
Bredon (Worcestershire) 132
brehon law 10
Brembre, Nicholas 136–7
Bren, Llewellyn 25
Brentford (Warwickshire) 3
Brentford End (Middlesex) 243
Brian, Guy 91
Bridget of Sweden, St 234
Bridgwater (Somerset) 265, 293
Bridlington prophecies 279
Brigge tomb (Salle) 292
Brinton, Thomas, Bishop of Rochester 86, 118, 150, 339
Britain 8, 25, 180, 319, 326, 334
Brittany 85
Brittany, François II, Duke of 276, 315, 316
Brixworth (Northamptonshire) 11
Brogeam, John 255
Brotherhood of Arms of St George 285
Broughton (Buckinghamshire) 288
Broxbourne church (Hertfordshire) 289
Bruce, David II, King of Scotland 45, 58, 73, 74
Bruce, Robert, King of Scotland 23–4, 25, 27, 28, 36, 38, 73
Bruges, Louis of, Lord of Gruthuye 281–2
Brugge, John 294
Bruton Priory 270
Bryene, Alice de 204
Bryn Glas 177
Buchan, Earl of 25
Buckingham, Bishop of Lincoln 154
Buckingham, Dukes of 204, 313, 314
Buckingham, Earl of 128
Buckinghamshire 3, 21, 59, 135, 252, 253–4, 288, 303
Buntingford (Suffolk) 245
Burford (Oxfordshire) 138, 251
Burgh (Norfolk) 90
Burgundy 88, 185, 213, 228, 229, 278, 280
Burgundy, Dukes of see Charles the Bold; John the Fearless; Philip the Good
Burleigh, William 198
Burmington (Worcestershire) 287
Burnell, Hugh, Lord 184
Busseby, Peter 183
Butler, Lady Eleanor 312
Butlers, Earls of Ormond 107, 110
Byland Abbey (Yorkshire) 174, 194
Byron, Sir John 240
Caister Castle 284
Calais 130, 171, 218, 229, 248, 273
Treaty 113
Caldicot Manor (Gwent) 68
Cambraisis 83
Cambridge 45, 49, 71, 247, 304, 307
Cambridge, Richard, Earl of 214, 276
Cambridge University 42, 97, 126, 150, 233, 264
colleges 9, 37, 60, 97, 207, 290, 295 see also King’s College, Cambridge
Cambridgeshire 3, 8, 43, 49, 90, 132, 251, 252, 261; see also Wisbech
canon law 44–5, 98, 99, 101, 117–18, 207, 208, 255, 339
Cantilupe, Nicholas 101
Cantref Mawr (Carmarthenshire) 104
Carlisle 24, 29, 101, 102, 123
Carmarthenshire 89, 104, 178, 214
Carpenter, Christine 47–8
Carpenter, John, Bishop of Worcester 236
Carrick, Earl of 129
Carter, Richard 147
Castell, Thomas 242
Castelnau-de-Cernès 269
Castle Acre (Norfolk) 144, 154, 191
Castle Combe (Wiltshire) 249
Castle Rising (Norfolk) 56
cathedrals 41, 42, 71, 118, 191, 192–3, 291; see also by name of city
Ceuta 82
Chalgrove (Oxfordshire) 102
Chalvington estate (Sussex) 202
Chamberlain, Sir William 278
Chancery 96–7, 111, 119, 158, 205–6, 227–8, 278, 298
Chandler, John, Dean of Salisbury 196
Channel Islands 224
chantries 9, 46, 146–7, 289, 291, 293, 300
Chapel Royal 37, 216, 236, 291
Chapman, John 294
Charles IV, King of France 38
Charles V, King of France 89
Charles VI, King of France 89, 164, 175, 178, 215, 216, 231, 280
Charles VII, King of France 225, 265
Charles of Blois, Duke of Brittany 110
Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy 280
Charter of Christ, The 8, 190–91
Chaucer, Geoffrey 9, 111, 138, 139, 140, 155–6, 157, 158, 163–4, 254, 260, 340
Chedder, Richard 183
Chedworth, Bishop of Lincoln 260
Cherneys, Joanna 232
Cherry Hinton (Cambridgeshire) 43
Chertsey Abbey (Surrey) 284
Cheshunt 206
Chester Cathedral 12
Cheynne, Sir John 187
Chichele, Henry, Archbishop of Canterbury 189, 195, 208, 226, 227, 260, 346
children 62
Chippenham (Wiltshire) 91
chivalry 76, 82, 86, 91, 109–13, 238, 277–8, 330, 338
Chobham (Surrey) 142
Chocke, Margaret 289
Christ Church, Canterbury 64, 270
Christ of Sundays 288
Christina of Markyate, St 288
Christmas carols 263
chronicles
Anonimalle 126
Crowland 315
Eulogium historiarum 85
Froissart 111
London 122, 246, 267, 274, 304
Paris 277
see also genealogies
Chronicles of London 211
churches
building 11, 193–4, 245–6, 249–52, 288, 289
furnishings and fittings 144, 145, 191, 245, 250, 284, 287–8, 292–3, 351
maintenance 43, 101–2, 142, 144, 190, 287–8
paintings 41, 44, 101–2, 143, 190, 289
patronage 11–12
services and worship 44, 103, 143, 146
social celebrations 143
stained glass 9, 101, 190, 285, 289
symbolism 12, 143, 144, 145, 146, 190, 262, 285, 288
see also commemoration of the dead; names of churches; parishes
churchwardens
accounts 144, 263, 288, 289, 294, 325
responsibilities 144, 190, 194, 250, 251–2, 291, 294, 295
skills 294
Clare Roll 272
Clarence, Dukes of see George Duke of Clarence; Lionel Duke of Clarence; Thomas Duke of Clarence
Claverham estate 202
Claydon, John 190
Clement VI, Pope 98
clergy
accountability 98
Black Death 58
criticisms of 88, 124, 149, 195–6, 287 education 97, 100, 103, 142, 285, 298 income 286
leave 42
responsibilities 101–3, 141–2, 145–7, 263, 286–7
Clifford, Elizabeth 255
Clifford, Sir Lewis 163
Clifford, Thomas, Lord 255
Clinton, William, Earl of Huntingdon 90, 91
Clopton, John 258
Cobbes, John 293
Cobham, John, Lord 121
Cockermouth (Cumberland) 26
Codrington, John 293
Cokayn, John 214
Colchester 71, 94, 182, 209, 210
Coleshill (Warwickshire) 246
Colet, Laurence 225
Colet, William 142
College of St William, York Minster 293
Collinson, Robert 249
commemoration of the dead 46–7, 60, 104, 146–7, 192, 212, 289, 292, 293
communication 1–2, 40, 72, 83, 105
Confessio Amantis 131, 163, 175
Coningsby Castle 214
Connacht 28
Constitutions of Thomas Arundel 194–6, 222, 260
Conway Castle 171
Cooke, Philip 296
Cooling Castle (Kent) 199
Copeland, John 90
Cornhill (London) 135
Cornwall 3, 13, 20, 141, 168, 203, 246, 288
Corpus Christi College, Cambridge 60, 295
Corpus Christi cycle 292
Corpus Christi feast 4, 102, 126, 147, 308
Corpus Christi guild (York) 299
Corveser, Philip 266
Coryngham, John 152–3
Cotswolds 4, 18, 138, 210, 245, 249, 252
Council of Constance (1415) 187
Council of Pisa (1409) 187
Court of Arches, St Mary-le-Bow 298
Courtenay, Stephen 216
craft groupings 15; see also guilds
Crécy, Battle of (1346) 80, 84, 87, 105
Creke, Alyne 49
Creke, Sir John 49
Cressy, Sir John 268–9
Croft, Richard 315
Crosby, John 184
Croughton (Northamptonshire) 44
crusades 129, 160, 163–4, 185, 230
Cryfield (Warwickshire) 65
Culblean (Deeside), Battle of 73
see also art; drama; literature; music
Dafydd ap Gwilym 152
Dafydd ap Llewellyn ap Gruffydd of Mathafarn 313, 317
Dallingbridge, Edward 121
Danby, Robert 233
Dartmouth (Devon) 121, 123
Dassel, Arndt von 185
d’Aubernoun, Sir John the Younger 49
Daventry church (Northamptonshire) 282
Davi, Howel 176
Ddu, Robin 259
de Audeley, Hugh 90–91
de heretico comburendo (‘On Burning Heretics’) 187
de la Mare, Peter 114
de la Pole, Michael, Earl of Suffolk 130
de la Pole, William, Earl of Suffolk 9, 230, 238, 265, 266–7
De Lisle Psalter 45
De nobilitatibus, sapientiis et prudentiis regum 53
de Vere, John, Earl of Oxford 280, 317
de Vere, Robert, Earl of Oxford 130
de Warennes, Earls of Surrey 144, 191
death 46, 292–3; see also commemoration of the dead
Declaration of Arbroath 27–8
Deeds of Henry V (Gesta Henrici Quinti) 220
demography 1–2, 17–18, 57–9; see also
Denbigh, Lord of see Thomas of Lancaster
Denmark 215
Denton, Katherine 258
Derby, Earl of see Henry IV
Derbyshire 40, 89, 90, 214, 307
Despenser, Edward, Lord of Glamorgan and Morgannwg 147
Despenser, Henry, Bishop of Norwich 129, 163
Despenser, Margaret 89
Despenser, Thomas, Lord 169, 180, 184
Despenser family 5, 33, 34, 35, 36, 52, 53, 54, 283
Devereux, John 163
Devon 3, 8, 19, 40, 71, 121, 123, 127, 173, 242
Devon, Earl of 221
Dictes and Sayings of Philosophers 303
Diddington (Huntingdon) 152–3
Disce mori (Learn to Die) 262
Disendowment Bill (1410) 197–8
Dives et pauper (Rich and poor) 181
Dixon, Nicholas 206
Doctors’ Chambers 298
domestic service 122–3, 134, 147–8
Domnal O’Neill, King of the Irish 25
Don, Griffith 269
Donal, son of Art MacMurdharha 107
Dormer, Geoffrey 308
Douglas, James 73
Douglas, Sir Archibald 74
Douglas, William 73
drama 141, 146, 151, 235, 259, 291–2, 351
Drayton, Thomas 195
Dream of the Old Pilgrim, The (Le songe du vieil pèlerin) 160
drovers 40
du Berry, Duc 171
du Clercq, Jacques 231–2
Dublin 28, 95, 105, 106, 107, 271
Dunwich (Suffolk) 207–8
Dupplin Muir 74
Durham 26, 66, 97, 118, 134, 194, 293, 306
dykes and ditches 19, 65, 68, 253, 309
Dymmock, Roger 154
Earl Soham (Suffolk) 210
East Anglia
churches 9, 41, 43, 58, 245, 249, 250
politics 181
tournaments 87
East Raynham (Norfolk) 297
Eaton Bishop (Herefordshire) 102
ecclesiastical courts 14, 99, 101, 117–18, 188, 247, 255, 275, 295, 296, 332, 339; see also canon law
Eckington (Derbyshire) 90, 91
economy 78–9, 241, 242, 270–71, 281, 327–8, 339, 345, 347; see also agriculture; cities; finance; rural life; towns; trade; work and craft
Edlyngton, John 261
Edmund Duke of Holland 184
Edmund King of East Anglia 41
Edmund of Langley, Duke of York 109, 323
Edmund of Woodstock, Earl of Kent 55
books 237–8
cathedral schools 291
of clergy 97, 100, 103, 142, 285, 298
grammar schools 9, 100, 263–4, 297, 299, 304
see also Cambridge University; Oxford
University; St Andrews University
Edward I
court 34
family 75
heraldry 23
Edward II 335
abdication 54
birth 29
canonization 159
character 72
court 38–9
death and burial 36, 54–5, 91, 335
grievances against 30–32, 34, 35, 36, 48, 93, 335
Irish policy 28–9
knighting ceremony 29–30
marriage 30
religious institutions 36–7, 97
residences 22
Scottish wars 23, 25, 27–8, 33–4, 35–6, 38
Edward III
birth 30
challenges 72
character 72–3
death and burial 115
defences 70–71
finance 77, 78–80, 90–91, 114, 166, 302
and France 8, 72, 73, 74–7, 80–81, 83–5, 87, 89, 113–14, 221, 338
guards 112
marriage 72
mistress 114
parliament and government 79, 80, 92–7, 114–15, 338
patronage 72, 89–91, 109–10, 120, 338
as prince 52–3
religious institutions 37
Edward IV
accession 274
claim to the throne 274, 275, 279, 280
court 277, 278, 279, 290–91, 314
death 312
finance 277, 279, 291, 301–2, 307
imprisonment 281
patronage 277, 278, 281, 284, 308
Edward V 290, 299, 312, 313, 314
Edward Prince of Wales, ‘the Black Prince’
chivalry 91
death 114
French wars 80, 81, 84–5, 86, 87
Edward Prince of Wales (son of Henry VI) 232, 273, 274, 275, 283
Edward Prince of Wales (son of Richard III) 314, 315
Edward the Confessor 41, 159, 160
Egmere (Norfolk) 66
Eleanor of Northampton 110
Eleanor of Provence 75
Elizabeth, St 287
Elizabeth Countess of Shrewsbury 306
Elizabeth I 145
Elizabeth of Clare 97
Elizabeth of York (Queen of Henry VII) 13, 311, 315, 317
Elizabeth Woodville (Queen of Edward IV) 12, 276–7, 278, 290, 299, 312, 313, 314
Elsworth (Cambridgeshire) 252
Eltham (Kent) 301
Elwyn, John 264
Ely Cathedral 12, 41, 101, 256
Epiphany Plot (1400) 180–81, 184
Eric, King of Sweden, Norway and
Denmark 210
Erpingham, Sir Thomas 184, 213
Eryri, Rhys Goch 259
espionage 88
Esplechin treaty 77
Essex 123, 124, 125, 131, 135, 246, 249, 253, 295
estates food production 133–4, 135
management 13, 19–20, 66–7, 78, 135–6, 162, 199–202, 300, 303, 309
rights 68
see also land-holding
Estonia 82
ethnicity 87–8, 116, 241, 246–7
Eulogium historiarum 85
Everard, Robert 251
Everard, Simon 27
Ewelme (Oxfordshire) 9, 289
Exeter, Duke of 272; see also Holland, John
Exeter College, Oxford 37, 196
Fais d’armes 231
families 10, 62–3, 67, 123, 139, 147, 254
Fanhope, Lord 239
Farringdon 196
Farringdon, Sir William 212
Fastolf, Sir John 226, 229, 238, 346
Fauquemont, Jean de 83
Fawkner, Margaret 303–4
Fawkner, Roger 304
Fayreford, Thomas 242
Fécamp, Abbey of 91
Felbrigg, Simon 184
Felbrigg (Norfolk) 201
Felton, John 263
Fenham Castle (Northumbria) 32
festivals 4, 102, 111–12, 257–8
Ffynnon Gybi (Caernarfonshire) 141
Ffynnon Seiriol (Anglesey) 141
Fichet, Guillaume 303
Fiennes, Sir Roger 269
Filippo Borromei and Co. 269
finance
clergy 286
Edward III 77, 78–80, 90–91, 114, 166, 302
Edward IV 277, 279, 291, 301–2, 307
gentry 21
Richard II 120, 130, 166–7, 168
usury 249
Fishburn, Thomas 152
fishing 20, 40, 65, 134, 242, 254
Fitzallan, John, Earl of Arundel 212, 213, 268
Fitzallan, Richard, Earl of Arundel 130, 165
FitzHugh, Henry, Lord 215, 217
FitzRalph, Archbishop of Armagh 59
Flamendeau, Thenein 86
Flanders 75, 77, 129, 139, 163, 280
Flanders, Count of 129
Flaxall, John 289
Fledborough (Nottinghamshire) 99
Flintshire 170
food and drink
1400–1483 64, 203–4, 209, 241–2, 270, 300
fools 112
foreigners see aliens forest officials 3, 253–4, 301
Fortescue, John 279–80, 297, 302, 305
Forwich (Kent) 295
Fotheringay, John 86
Fotheringhay (Northamptonshire) 310
Foulden (Norfolk) 97
Foxholes, Margaret 101
France 337–8
artillery 269–70
benefits and rewards 81, 82–3, 85, 268–9
brutalization 86
chevauchées 74, 80, 83–4, 85, 86
criticism of 76
distrust and prejudice 87–8
Edward III 8, 72, 73, 74–7, 80–81, 83–5, 87, 91, 113–14, 221, 338
English claim to throne 74–5, 91, 216, 221, 222, 225, 305
espionage 88
finance 78–80
garrisons 222, 268, 269, 270, 345
Henry V 215, 216, 217–20, 221–3, 225
Henry VI 8, 225, 228, 229, 266–7, 268, 269, 280
heraldry 91
loss of life 268
prisoners 86
Richard II 280
surgery 87
wars 38, 72, 73, 74–7, 80–81, 83–5, 87, 91, 113–14, 217–20, 221–2, 229, 269, 311
women 86
François II Duke of Brittany 276, 315, 316
French–Flemish alliance 121
Fressingfield (Suffolk) 288
friars 151, 182, 189, 191, 265, 283, 293
Friesthorpe (Lincolnshire) 101
Frisby, Roger 173
Froissart, Jean 31, 111, 113, 167
Frulovisi, Tito Livio 238
Fryg family 132
Fulham, Richard 69
Gaelic law 117
Galopes, Jean 222
Game and Play of Chess, The 303
Garonne 84
Gascony 37–8, 39, 52, 75, 84, 89, 120, 224, 335
Gateley church (Norfolk) 284, 287–8
Gaveston, Piers 12, 31, 32–3, 36
Gawain and the Green Knight 157
royal 175, 225, 275, 305, 318, 321, 323
Act of Attainder 278
archives 240
finance 21
fortifications 121
genealogies 275
household management 203–4, 345
language 259
and ‘Peasants’ Revolt’ 125
social aspirations 85, 162–3, 239, 301
Wales 239
wealth 309
Geoffrey de Bolton 104
Geoffrey of Monmouth 316
George Duke of Clarence 275, 278, 280, 281, 283, 284
George (son of Edward IV) 285
Gerard, Robert 69
ghosts 174
Gilbert (canon of Malton Priory) 187
Gilbert de Middleton 48
Glayster, William 251
Glentham (Lincolnshire) 68
Gloucester 55, 91, 117, 128, 314
Gloucester, Earls of 2; see also Audeley, Hugh; Despenser, Thomas
Gloucester, Humphrey, Duke of books 237, 238, 240, 241
Calais 229
death 231–2
Protector 224, 225, 226, 228, 233
see also Cobham, Eleanor
Gloucester, Richard, Duke of see Richard III
Gloucester, Thomas, Duke of see Woodstock, Thomas
Gloucestershire 144, 178, 252, 262, 271, 288
Glyn Dŵr, Owain 176–7, 178, 343
Godemar de Fay 76
Golden Legend 303
Goldcliff (Gwent) 265
Golein, Jean 75
Gonville, Edmund, Bishop of Norwich 41, 97
Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge 37
Gonville Hall 97
Gough brothers 39
Gough Map 40
Governance of England, The 279–80
Gower, John 119, 120, 131, 158, 163, 165, 175, 303
Grantham, Hugh 204
Graunson, Oton de 158
Gravesend (Kent) 90
Gray, William, Bishop of Ely 240
Gray’s Inn 299
Greasley Castle (Nottinghamshire) 101
Great Coxwell (Cotswolds) 18
Great Wishford (Wiltshire) 142
Great Yarmouth 91
Greene, Sir Ralph 6
Gregory XI, Pope 150
Grey, John 216
Grey, Lord Edmund 202
Grey, Sir John 276
Grey of Ruthin, Lords 177, 200, 226, 239
Grocers’ Company of London 243
Grosmont, Henry of, Duke of Lancaster 82, 90, 110
Gruffydd, Llewellyn 108
Gruffydd ap Llewellyn ap Phylip ap Trahaearn 104
Gryg, Gruffydd 141
Guild of Luton 277 guildhalls 249
courts 118
writers and stationers 136, 137, 302
‘Gwidw and the prior’ 46–7
Gwilym ap Sefnyn 58
Haddington (East Lothian) 129
Hainault, William, Count of 52, 77
Hales (Treasurer) 125
Halesowen (Worcestershire) 3, 20
Halidon Hill, battle of 73, 74
Handerby, Robert 147
Hanseatic League 167
Hardley (Norfolk) 251
Hardy, Thomas 18
Hardyng, John 112
Harlech Castle 176
Harleston 200
Harpham, John 294
Harrington, William 216
Harrington of Brierley, Sir Thomas 231
Harston church (Cambridgeshire) 251
Hart, Emma 62
Hartlepool 25
Harvey de Stanton 37
Haseley, Thomas 199
Hastings, William, Lord 278, 280
Haukeston, John 170
Havering Manor (Essex) 131, 253
Haxey, Thomas 168–9
Haysand, William 242
health and medicine 62, 87, 112, 158, 242–3, 308
Hedgeley Moor 276
Helen, St 288
Hemingford (Huntingdon) 27
Hend, John 140
Henry IV
attempts to unseat 173
as Earl of Derby 82, 109, 130, 158, 162, 163, 165, 166, 170–71, 185, 341
friendship 184
marriage 212
patronage 183–4
religion 8, 180, 182, 186–98, 215, 264, 343
resistance to 175, 176–8, 180–81, 185, 212
rift with Prince of Wales 185
usurpation of Richard II 170–71, 172, 173–5, 181, 343
Welsh resistance 176–7, 178–9, 184
Henry V
court 213
death and commemoration 224, 226
and France 216, 217–20, 221–3, 225
friendships 216
language 205
politics 219
as Prince of Wales 177, 178, 180, 181, 184, 185, 188, 198
religion 199, 215, 219, 222, 234, 264, 343–4
rift with Henry IV 185
ships 220–21
Henry VI 345
birth 224
challenges to 271, 272, 273, 274
deposition 274
and France 8, 225, 228, 229, 266–7, 268, 269, 280
genealogy 225
law 206
minority 224–30 patronage 226, 230
religion and learning 216, 235–7, 238, 264, 284, 346
Henry VII
coronation 317
court 312
as Henry Tudor 8, 299, 315–16, 317
Henry VIII 236
Henry Tudor see Henry VII
herbals 4
Hereford, Earls of see Bohun, Humphrey; Bohun, William
Hereford Cathedral 47, 57, 150, 151
Herefordshire 40, 41, 102, 141, 178, 248, 252, 326
hermits and anchorites 47, 104, 151, 154, 189, 234
Herstmonceaux (Sussex) 269
Hert, Walter 112
Hertfordshire 11, 69, 93, 125, 135, 174, 289
Hexham 276
Higham (Sussex) 90
Higham Ferrers (Northamptonshire) 21
Hildegard of Bingen 153
Hilton, Rodney 325
Hilton, Roger 88
Hinderclay (Suffolk) 199, 201
Hingham (Norfolk) 291
historical sources 14–15
History of the Kings of Britain 316
Hoccleve, Thomas 185, 196, 212, 215, 216, 226, 259, 344
Holland, Edmund, Duke of 184
Holland, John, Earl of Huntingdon 140, 163, 180, 184
Holland, Ralph 243–4
Holland, Thomas, Duke of Surrey 184
Holland (Lincolnshire) 5
Holme, Robert 145
Holy Trinity, London 211
Holy Trinity church, Bristol 195
holy wells 141
Honfleur 221
Honingham (Norfolk) 68
Hook Norton (Oxfordshire) 288–9
Horn, Andrew 22
Hornby (North Riding) 263
Horsham St Faith (Norfolk) 127
Horsley Manor (Gloucestershire) 270
Horsley (Somerset) 190
Horstead (Norfolk) 284
hospitals 9, 133, 169, 198, 243, 308
Hothum, Bishop of Ely 37
House of Fame, The 156
Hovyngham, John, Archdeacon of Durham 194
Howard, John, Duke of Norfolk 300, 317
Howard Psalter 41
Howes, Robert 204
Humbleton Hill 177
Huns, Mabina 255
Huntingdon, Earls of see Clinton, William; Holland, John
Huntingdonshire 27, 90, 98, 134, 201
Huntington, Agnes 101
Hurley, Master John 238
Hustings court 118
Iceland 242
Ickham manor (Kent) 64
identity 8–10, 29, 106, 108, 112, 116, 146
Idley, Peter 238–9
Idley, Thomas 238
Imperial, Janus 137
inheritance 347
law 117
property 146–7
Inns of Court 49, 119, 124, 206–7, 297–8, 299, 309
Instructions of Parish Priests 194
Iorwerth ap Gruffydd 26
Iorwerth ap Llywarch Lleweni 24
Ipswich School 299
Ireland
administration 28, 106, 167–8, 271–2
Edward II 28–9
English conquest 28
hobelars 28–9
parliament 95
Scottish invasion 25, 26, 334–5
stereotypes 167
warfare 28–9, 335 see also Anglo-Irish Ireland, Duke of 130
Ireland, Lieutenants of 29, 31, 285
Irthlingborough College (Northamptonshire) 189
Isabella of France (Queen of Edward II)
ambitions and power 30, 35, 38, 39, 52, 54, 73
Arthurian invention 55
childhood 30
death and burial 56
fall and exile 55, 56, 89, 90, 111
marriage 30
and Roger Mortimer 52, 55–6, 73
Isabella of France (Queen of Richard II) 161, 167
Isle of Sheppey (Kent) 130
Jacqueline of Hainault 233
Jacquetta of Luxembourg 276
Jan III, Count of Brabant 77
Jean de Rubeis 220
Jeanne of Valois, Countess of Hainault 77
Jedburgh Castle 179
Jesus College, Oxford 8
Jeurbers, Guillaume 86
Joan, Queen of Scotland 45, 111
Joan ate Enges 147
Joan of Kent 126
Joan of Navarre (Queen of Henry IV) 212
John, King of England 38
John, son of Reginald Attepond 20
John de Newby 88
John II, King of France 84, 85, 90, 111, 112
John of Arderne 87
John of Avence 88
John of Beverley, St 23
John of Bridlington, St 73, 241
John of Bristol 101
John of Fauquemont 76
John of Gaddesden 87
John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster
birth 77
campaigns against 128
counsellor to Richard II 115, 120, 128–9, 131, 159–60
crusades 163
death 166
invasion of Scotland 129
Order of the Garter 109
patronage 149, 150, 158, 163, 165, 184
‘Peasants’ Revolt’ 122, 125, 126, 127
and Portugal 139
wealth 173
John of St Mary 72
John of Trevisa 157
John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy 216, 220
John the Scot 39
John the Spencer of Upton 99
John XXII, Pope 28
Joliff, John 101
justices 49, 51, 94, 95, 96, 214, 298, 309
Katherine de Valois (Queen of Henry V) 215, 216, 227
Kellaw, Richard, Bishop of Durham 18
Kembald, William 21
Kempley (Gloucestershire) 262
Kendall, Robert 178
Kenett, William 294
Kenilworth Castle 54
Kent
houses 301
plays 259
towns 62, 71, 90, 121, 135, 246
Kent, Earl of 55
kerns 107
Ketel, Roger 200
Kibworth Harcourt (Leicestershire) 63, 123, 252
Kidwelly (Carmarthenshire) 178
Kilchief (co. Down) 271
Kilkenny (Ireland) 106, 107
Kilmallock (Limerick) 271
Kilpeck, Alan, Lord of 47
Kilpeck, Joan, Lady 47
Kilpeck (Herefordshire) 11
Kimbolton (Cambridgeshire) 3
King’s College, Cambridge 192, 236, 290, 313
King’s Hall, Cambridge 37
King’s Langley (Hertfordshire) 174
King’s Lynn (Norfolk) 71, 95, 211, 259, 308
Kings Ripton (Huntingdonshire) 201
Kingsden, Nicholas 297
Kingsholme marshes (Suffolk) 207
Kingsthorpe (Northamptonshire) 65
Kirby Ravensworth (Yorkshire) 262
Kirkby, John, Bishop of Carlisle 93, 102, 104
Kirkby-in-Ashfield (Nottinghamshire) 90
Kirton (Lincolnshire) 90
Knighton, Henry 55, 57, 150, 151
knights 162
crusades 163–4
Edward II 29–30
pursuits 6, 81, 87, 95, 96, 164, 309 see also chivalry; tournaments
Knights Hospitaller, Clerkenwell 211
Knyvet, John 114
Kydde, Jane 296
La Roche Derrien 110
labour legislation 69–70, 131, 337
Lambeth Palace 126
Lancaster, Dukes of see Grosmont, Henry; John of Gaunt
Lancaster, Earls of 31; see also Henry of Lancaster; Thomas of Lancaster
land-holding
enclosure 239–40
politics 5
tenancies 4, 14, 20, 59–60, 61, 62–3, 65–6, 67–8, 202, 252–3
see also estates
Langland, William 115, 120, 133, 134, 135, 136, 157, 158, 340
Langlays, Isabel 104
Langley, Henry and Katherine 302
Langton, John 233
language
English 128, 155, 156, 157–8, 194, 205, 259–60, 262, 294
French 8, 44, 45, 53, 155, 158
Latin 14, 45, 53, 100, 155, 157–8, 240, 263–4, 294–5
Lantern of Light, The 190
Lantoft, Peter 30
Latimer, William, Lord 114
Laughton (Sussex) 253
Laurencz, John 142
law and order 330–31
1307–30 48–52
1330–99 83, 116–19, 131; see also ‘Peasants’ Revolt’
1399–1421 205–8, 214, 344 1422–61 247, 252 1461–83 295–6, 352–3
assizes 96
in the community 7, 118, 252, 257, 295–6
equity 206
forensic antiquarianism 239–40
guilds 118
jury system 117
legal training 49, 119, 206, 297–9
litigation 68–9
miscarriage of justice 118–19
oaths and oath helpers 116, 118
royal commissions 95
royal courts 117
Wales 10
see also canon law; Chancery; justices; labour legislation; manorial courts; Roman law; statute law
lawyers 165
Lay Folks’ Catechism 102
Lay Folks’ Mass Book 102
le Baker, Geoffrey 81
le Geyte, Ralph 112
le Marescal, Robert 36
Leake Treaty (1318) 34
leather industry 242
Leeds 43
Legend of Good Women 155
Legendys of Hooly Wummen 258
Leicestershire 63, 123, 150, 200–201, 214, 252
Lengleys, Sir Thomas 101
Lewis, Emperor of Bavaria 77
Libelle of English Policy 241, 248
Life of Edward IV 310
Life of Henry VI 284
Life of Our Lady 222, 260
Lilleshall Abbey 140
Lincolnshire 65
associations 132
churches 285
serfs 296, 297 see also Boston
Lindsey (Lincolnshire) 65, 249
Lionel Duke of Clarence 106, 108, 109, 110, 272, 275
Litcham (East Anglia) 250
literacy 44, 141, 151, 294, 302
literature 15, 155–9, 258, 259, 302, 333;
see also books; poetry
Little Melton church (Norfolk) 262
Little Wenham (Suffolk) 2
Livre du Corps de Policie 303
Llanddewi-Brefi 104
Llantrisant Castle 52
Llewellyn ap Madog 108
Llwyd, Sir Gruffydd 25, 26, 108
Llwyd ab Ieuan, Ieuan 156
local government 48–9, 136–40, 308–9, 336
‘Lollardy’ 148, 150–54, 186, 187, 188–91, 195, 196–7, 198, 342
London 339–40 1399–1421 208 1461–83 308–9, 350
Black Death 58
chronicles 122, 211, 246, 267, 274, 304
churches 22, 193, 211, 212, 245, 263, 287, 288, 289, 291, 294
Court of Hustings 207
fuel and timber 135–6
guilds 243–4
mayors 243–4
migrant workers 70
‘Peasants’ Revolt’ 121–7
population 2, 71–2, 244, 308, 339
residences 22
water 135
London Bridge 304
London Chronicle 178
Longthorpe Tower, Bedford 45
Louis, Count of Nevers 77
Louis IX, King of France 225
Louis XI, King of France 276, 311
Louis de Beaumont 48
Louis of Flanders 76
Louis of Orléans 216
Lovel Lectionary 192–3
Lovel of Titmarsh, John, Lord 119, 192
Lovelich, Henry 260
Lowick (Northamptonshire) 5
Lutterworth (Leicestershire) 150
Luttrell, Andrew 82
Luttrell, James 273
Luttrell, Sir Hugh 203
Lydgate, John 156, 220, 222, 225, 226, 235, 259, 260, 303, 345
Lyndwood, William 208
Lynton, Robert 246
MacCeabhaill, Maolruanaidh 107
Macclesfield, John 169
Madingley (Cambridgeshire) 49 magic 101, 181, 212, 234, 276, 283
Anglo-Irish 284
crusades 163–4
culture 239–41
and Edward IV 281
fortifications 121
‘maintaining’ 165
marriage 161
parliament 92
and ‘Peasants’ Revolt’ 125
pursuits 164–5
and the Scottish wars 24
wealth and power 5–6, 7, 127, 161, 162, 239, 300–301
see also estates
Maidstone (Kent) 124, 135
maintenance agreements 63
Maldon (Essex) 246
Maleverer, Sir Halnath 217
Malle, Count Louis de 129
Malton Priory (Yorkshire) 187
Maltravers, John 54
Mancini, Domenico 313
Mannini (jeweller) 139
manorial court rolls 14–15, 62, 325
manorial courts 14, 18, 58, 117, 122, 252, 253, 297
manors 2, 5, 21, 45, 63, 67, 199, 204, 252–3, 309
Manuel II Palaeologus 185
maps 57
March, Earls of see Edward IV; Mortimer, Edmund, third Earl; Mortimer, Edmund, fifth Earl; Mortimer, Roger
March Day 122
Maredudd ap Madog ap Llewellyn 62
Margaret of Anjou (Queen of Henry VI) 345
diplomacy 231
exile 12, 274, 276, 279, 280, 304, 305
marriage 230–31
and Richard Duke of York 273, 275
Margaret of Burgundy 169
Margaret of Clare 31
Margaret of York 280
Marie de St Pol, Countess of Pembroke 97
markets 3, 21–2, 79, 117, 133, 134, 179, 203, 209, 210
Marner, Robert 181
marriage 332
age at 123
alimony 99
breakdown 147
law 99, 100–101, 254, 255, 296, 313
magnates 161
Wales 117
Martin V, Pope 207
Mascal, John 202
Mascy, Sir Geoffrey 240
material culture 3, 307, 325–6; see also fashion; food and drink
Maurice, son of Thomas, Earl of Desmond 107
Maynard, John 128
mayors 135, 136, 137, 140, 243–4, 307, 308
Meditations on the Life of Christ 222
Memoriale Credencium 194, 261
Merchant Adventurers 210
Merioneth 214
Merton College, Oxford 133, 252, 287
Metcalfe, Miles 299
Mezières, Philippe de 160, 230, 340–41
Michael of Kildare 47
Michaelhouse 37
Middleham College (Yorkshire) 293
Middleham Jewel 290
migrant workers 62, 67, 70, 128, 204–5, 208
Milmete, Walter 226
Mirk’s Festial 140
Mirror of the Blessed Life of Christ 189, 261
Misterton, Alice 99
Mitford, Richard, Bishop of Salisbury 203
Modus tenendi Parliamentum 50–51
Molyens, Adam, Bishop of Chichester 265
Molyneux, Nicholas 164
monks and monasteries 11, 97, 99, 141, 191, 193, 204, 222, 263, 265
education 97
Montague, John, Earl of Salisbury 180, 184
Montague, William 89
Moray 25
Moray, Earl of 73
Morgannwg (Glamorgan) 18
Morley, Thomas, Lord 119
Morris, William 18
Mortimer, Catherine 177
Mortimer, Edmund, fifth Earl of March 213, 214
Mortimer, Edmund, third Earl of March 133, 176, 177
Mortimer, Roger, first Earl of March 38, 46, 52, 54, 55–6, 73, 89, 90
Mortimer of Chirk, Roger, Earl of March 90
Mortimer’s Cross 275
Morton, Dr John 298
Motram, John 291
Mounchessy, Richard 93
Moundsmere (Hampshire) 19
Mowbray, John, Lord 35
Mowbray, Thomas, Duke of Norfolk 130, 163
Mowbray, Thomas, Earl Marshal 181
Moxby nunnery (Yorkshire) 27
Munster (Ireland) 107
murage 25
music 158, 193, 263, 291, 333, 351
Mutford (Norfolk) 97
Myntling, Laurence 297
names see personal names; place names
Navarre, King of 114
Netter, Thomas 195
Neville, Alexander, Archbishop of York 128
Neville, Anne (Queen of Richard III) 283, 315
Neville, Cicely, Duchess of York 12, 273
Neville, George, Archbishop of Canterbury 298
Neville, George, Archbishop of York 240, 275, 280
Neville, Isabel 283
Neville, John, Lord 114
Neville, Richard, Earl of Warwick 225, 274, 280, 281, 283, 284, 300
Neville, Robert 24
Neville, Sir William 164
Neville family 24, 74, 272, 299
Neville’s Cross 74
New Romney (Kent) 259
Newburgh (Staffordshire) 3
Newbury 314
Newcastle-upon-Tyne 24, 134, 242, 306, 308
Newchurch (Kent) 293
Newgate School, Bristol 263–4
Newton, Sir John 124
Norfolk
churches and parishes 97, 250, 251, 262, 284, 286, 288, 295
insurrection 127
people 64, 65, 66, 67, 131–2, 223, 245, 296 see also Castle Acre; King’s Lynn
Norfolk, Dukes of 242, 284; see also Howard, John; Mowbray, Thomas
Normandy
1330–77 19, 75, 85, 88, 114, 121
Northampton 34, 82, 123, 153, 306
Northampton, Earl of see Bohun, William
Northampton, John 136
Northamptonshire
battles 280
housing 253
law 214
markets 21–2
population 65
northern England 23–4, 26–7, 33–4, 70, 74, 334
Northleach (Gloucestershire) 138, 210
Northumberland, Duke of 214
Northumberland, Earl of see Percy, Henry
Northumberland/Northumbria 3, 17, 24, 26, 32, 74, 157
Norwich 2, 17, 41, 58, 204, 211, 247, 250
Nottinghamshire 4, 90, 99, 101, 118, 214
Nuneaton 182
nuns and nunneries 27, 63, 192, 215, 259, 264–5
Nun’s Priest’s Tale, The 138–9
Ogmore, Lordship of 179
O’Kennedy family of Ormond 107
Oldcastle, Sir John 198–9, 212–13
Ollingwick (Herefordshire) 141
O’Neill, Domnal, King of the Irish 25
O’Neill family 272
Opus arduum (Hard work) 151
Order of the Garter 109–10, 113, 169, 184, 216, 225, 226, 231, 277–8
Ordinance and Form of Fighting 164
Ordinance of Provisions (1343) 88
Oriel College, Oxford 37
Orléans 228
Orléans, Charles, Duke of 218, 227, 241
Ormond, Earls of 278
Oseney Abbey (Oxfordshire) 271
Ottery, Roger 102
Ovid 303
Oxford, Earls of see de Vere, John; de Vere, Robert
Oxford University 9, 42, 97, 148, 149, 150, 195, 238, 240, 264, 314
colleges 8, 37, 97, 133, 149, 207, 226, 236, 238
Oxfordshire 9, 102, 130, 138, 190, 251, 252, 253, 257, 271, 288–9
Oxnead (Norfolk) 286
Paddesley, John 244
Pageant of Concord 159
Pancio de Controne 78
Pannal, Emmot 256
Papal Schism 140
parishes 99–100, 328–9, 347–8, 351
patronage 11
politics 190
parkland 67
Parles, John 94
1330–77 79, 80, 92–7, 114–15, 338
1399–1421 173, 175, 179, 182–3, 184, 187, 197, 210–11, 213, 219, 220, 221, 343
1422–1461 226–7, 239, 245, 267, 272, 273
1461–83 276, 300, 304–6, 312–13
Commons 50, 71, 88, 92, 93–4, 96, 126, 171, 198, 305
elected representatives 93–4, 183, 184, 226, 245, 305
Irish policy 94–5
petitions 51, 94, 95, 165, 168, 197–8, 248, 272
Welsh policy 179 see also statute law
parliamentary rolls 14
Paston, Agnes 286
Paston, Margaret 286
Paston, Walter 286
Paston family 259, 271, 298, 330
Patay, battle of 269
patronage 333
churches 11–12
Edward III 72, 89–91, 109–10, 120, 338
Edward IV 277, 278, 281, 284, 308
Henry IV 183–4
Humphrey Duke of Gloucester 240, 242, 244, 346
John of Gaunt 149, 150, 158, 163, 165, 184
Richard III 308
Paxton-on-Tweed 26–7
Paynell, Katherine 101
Paynell, Sir Ralph 101
Pearl (poem) 158
‘Peasants’ Revolt’ 121–7, 137, 138, 341–2
Peckham, John, Archbishop of Canterbury 43, 261
Pecock, Reginald, Bishop of St Asaph and Chichester 236, 261, 264
Pedro the Cruel 85
Pembroke, Countesses of 43, 97
Pembroke, Duchess of 90
Pembroke College, Cambridge 97
Penhow, Chepstow 178
Percy, Henry, Earl of Northumberland 169, 170, 177, 181
Percy, Henry ‘Hotspur’ 178, 181
Percy, Sir Henry 317
Perrers, Alice 115
Peter of Florence 112
Petrarch 84
Petworth Park 59
Peverel, Bishop of Worcester 189
Peyl, Joan 189
Philip IV, King of France 30, 32, 38, 74
Philip V, King of France 37
Philip VI, King of France 75, 77, 80, 110
Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy 276, 278, 280
Philippa (daughter of Henry IV) 210, 215
Philippa (daughter of Lionel Duke of Clarence) 275
Philippa of Hainault (Queen of Edward III)
at court 110, 111–12 death and burial 113
family 128
fashion 112
marriage 72
symbolism 155
Philpot, John 137
Pickering, Thomas, Abbot of Whitby 297
Pierce the Ploughman’s Crede 191
Piers Plowman 8, 115, 120, 133, 135, 191, 195, 197, 344
pilgrimages 99, 104, 141, 151, 189, 193, 259
piracy 210
plague 12, 199, 270, 320; see also Black Death
Plouden, Thomas 157
Plumpton, Robert 255
Plumpton, Sir Robert 217
Plumpton, Sir William 255
Plumpton, William 255
Plumpton Hall (Yorkshire) 217
Plymouth 121
Podington (Bedfordshire) 202
poetry 341
English 259
political 76, 158, 179, 185, 196–7, 216, 219, 237, 279, 310–11, 347
Ricardian 158
Welsh 141, 156–7, 176, 258–9, 279
see also Chaucer, Geoffrey; Gower, John; Langland, William; Lydgate, John; Shakespeare, William
political culture 5, 6–7, 9–10, 149, 232, 279–80, 320–1, 331–2, 346–7, 349–50
poll-tax 14, 120, 123, 150, 342
Polton, Thomas, Bishop of Worcester 238
Pontefract 35, 122, 172, 174, 273, 310
Ponynges, Lady 242
popes 151; see also popes by name
population
after Black Death 57–9, 65, 66 1377 115
Pore Caitif (Poor Captive) 153
Portugal, King of 114
Postan, Michael 325
Powderham, John 34–5
Power, Arnold 29
Power, Leonel 193
priests see clergy
Priests’s Eye, The (Oculus sacerdotis) 100
Prior of Coventry 36
Privy Seal 96
Prophet, Adam 20
Pudding Norton (Norfolk) 66
Pulham Hall 309
Pyamour, John 193
Pykanham, William 286
Pym, John 50
Queen Mary Psalter 17
Queen’s College, Oxford 97
Radcot Bridge (Oxfordshire) 130
Raglan Castle (Monmouthshire) 67
Rainham (Kent) 102
Ralph of Shrewsbury, Bishop of Bath and Wells 58
Ramesbury, William 152
Ramsay, Ralph 184
Randolf, John 246
Ranulf of Otterburn 20
Rawghton, Emma 234
Raymond of Peñaforte 140
reconquista 82
Redgrave (Suffolk) 20
Reed, Edmund 303
Reformation 321
Regiment of Princes 185
Reginald de Cobham 91
1307–30 40–47
1377–99 140–46
1399–1421 180, 182, 186–99, 264, 343–4
1461–83 285–95
artefacts 46
books 15, 45–6, 141–2, 190, 192, 194–5, 216, 222, 259, 260, 261–2, 285, 302–3
drama 141, 146, 151, 235, 259, 291–2, 351
institutions 36–7, 40–41, 71, 97, 247, 346, 350–51
instruction 43–4, 99–100, 103, 141, 151–2, 285, 336, 338
local and vernacular 258–9, 260–62, 279
‘Lollardy’ 148, 150–54, 186, 187, 188–91, 195, 196–7, 198, 342
‘radical orthodoxy’ 148–9
royal writs 187
‘traditional religion’ 148, 149
women 196, 228, 234–5, 258, 259, 261, 264, 289–90, 294, 306, 348–9
worship 44, 45, 103–4, 141, 189, 262, 289–90
Wycliffism 150, 153, 156, 194, 195
see also Archbishops of Canterbury; Archbishops of York; bishops; canon law; cathedrals; chantries; churches; clergy; ecclesiastical courts; hermits and anchorites; magic; monks and monasteries; nuns and nunneries; parishes; pilgrimages; religious houses
religious houses
archives 240
finance 11, 41, 91, 103, 197, 249, 307
medical care 308
in old age 63
see also monks and monasteries; nuns and nunneries
Remonstrance against Oldcastle 196–7, 212–13
Rempson, Sir Thomas 269
Repyngdon, Bishop of Lincoln 189
Reydon Hours 46
Reynold, Joan 294
Rhos 89
Rhufoniog 89
Rhys ap Hywel 24
Rhys ap Thomas 316
Richard II 340
complaints against 119, 130–31, 167, 168, 179
counsellors 115, 120, 130, 131, 160
court 140, 156, 158–9, 163, 341
death and burial 171, 173, 175, 215
deposition 171–2, 280, 340, 341
maturity 159–61
minority 109, 115, 120–21, 128–32
‘Peasants’ Revolt’ 124–5, 126, 137, 138, 341–2
rule 120, 128–32, 140, 167–8, 180
rumours of survival 172, 174, 182
usurpation of 170–71, 172, 173–4, 181, 343
Richard II 171
Richard III 353
coronation 313–14
court 315
as Duke of Gloucester 8, 275, 278, 280, 282, 283, 290, 293, 308, 310, 311–12
and Edward V 312–13
foundations 293
government 316
patronage 308
religion and learning 316
royal progress 314
uprisings against 314–15, 316–17
Richard III 313
Richard de Burgh, ‘Red Earl of Ulster’ 107
Richard de Vere 130
Richard Duke of York 232, 252, 258, 267, 269, 271–4, 275, 310
Richard of Pembridge 109
Richard of York (son of Edward IV) 311, 312, 313
Richard the Redeless 179
Richmond, Earl of 37
Ripon (Yorkshire) 144
Robbessart, Louis 216
Robert II, King of Scotland 129
Robert de Lisle 45
Robert de Reydon, Sir 46
Robert de Stuteville 90
Robert of Adderbury 50
Robert of Ardern 245
Robert of Artois 76
Robert of Eglesfield 97
Robert of Madingley 49–50
Robin Hood 301
Rodin, Auguste 81
Roger de Elmerugge 39
Roger de Mar 99
Roger de Salkeld 67
Rolle, Richard 165
‘rolls of Ninths’ (Nonae) 79
Romford (Essex) 295
Roos, Lord William de 211
Roos, Mary 211
Roos, Thomas Lord 268
Rosa medicinae 87
Ross, Earl of 25
Rougge, Gilbert 123
Roxburgh (Borders) 82, 179
royal Maundy 38
rural deans 99
rural life 327
during famine 18–19
during Black Death 59
work 20–21, 61–2, 63, 66, 122, 256
Russel, Philip 101
Russell, John (bishop) 315
Ruthin 177
Lords Grey of 200
Rutland (son of Richard Duke of York) 273, 310
Rye (Kent) 90, 121
Sackville family 202
St Albans Abbey 13–14, 24, 126, 184, 192, 240, 273
St Andrew Hubbard, Eastcheap (London) 294
St Andrews University 264
St Anthony’s Hospital, London 169
St Bartholomew Priory 211
St Benet Hulme Abbey 127
St Benet’s church, Cambridge 60
St Botolph’s, Hadstock (Essex) 11
St Botolph’s, London 211
St Brelade’s, Jersey 190
St Catharine’s College, Cambridge 290
St Crux, York 103
St George’s Chapel, Windsor 109, 113, 169, 263, 292
St James Garlickehithe, London 291
St John Maddermarket church, Norwich 250
St John the Evangelist Hospital, Cambridge 133
St John Walbrook 194
St John’s, Colchester 182
St Just in Penwith (Cornwall) 288
St Lawrence’s church, Ludlow 256
St Margaret’s, York 144
St Margaret’s church, Westminster 291
St Martin, Harfleur 164
St Martin’s church, York 251
St Mary, Carlisle 102
St Mary at Hill, London 194, 212, 288, 291
St Mary Magdalen, Oxford 263
St Mary Munthaw, London 22
St Mary’s Abbey, Leicester 151
St Mary’s church, Sandwich 246
St Mary’s parish, Cambridge 304
St Mawes (Cornwall) 141
St Michael Cornhill, London 287, 288
St Michael Paternoster 212
St Michael’s church, Wood Street (London) 245
St Mildred’s Poultry, London 245, 287
St Olave’s Jewry 245
St Omer 76
St Paul’s Cathedral 128, 188, 291, 310
St Peter’s church, Wenhaston (Suffolk) 293
St Sepulchre church, London 287
St Stephen’s, Coleman Street (London) 263
St Stephen’s chapel, Westminster 289
St Swithin’s Priory, Winchester 202, 307
Saint-Julien-du-Sault 86
Saint-Sardos 38
Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte 85, 114
saints 104, 141, 151, 154, 234
Salisbury, Earls of 76, 79, 272, 273; see also Montague, John
Salle Kirkhall (Norfolk) 296
salt 65
Salve regina 303
Sandwich (Kent) 90, 246
Santiago de Compostela 99, 141
Santon Downham (Suffolk) 288
Sapiti, Andrea 39
Sarnesfield, Nicholas 110
Sarum Hours 303
Savage, John 183
Savage, Sir Arnold 182
Savernake, William 257–8
Saxtead (Suffolk) 296
Saxthorpe (Norfolk) 97
Say, Sir John 289
Scales, Anthony, Lord see Woodville, Anthony
Scales, Thomas, Lord 226
Scales family 299
Schort, Thomas 263
Scotland 334
Declaration of Arbroath 27–8
invasion of Ireland 25, 26, 334–5
parliament 119
sovereignty 26–7 see also borders: northern
Scottish wars 22–4, 26–8, 29, 35–6, 37, 54, 73–4, 121, 334
Scrope, Beatrice 82
Scrope, Henry, Lord 184
Scrope, John, Lord 278
Scrope, Richard, Archbishop of York 175, 181, 310, 343
Scrope, Thomas 265
Scrope family 177
sea defences 130
Seagram, Ralph 250
Sedgeford (Norfolk) 64
Seman, Isabel 142
Seman, Robert 251
serfs and serfdom 4, 15, 62, 66, 68–9, 123–4, 202, 252, 253, 296
Serle, William 194
Serpent of Division, The 226
Sever, Henry 236
Shakespeare, William 10–11, 12, 306
Henry VI 275, 282
Richard II 171
Richard III 313
Twelfth Night 298
Shapey (Cumbria) 104
Shardelowe, Sir Thomas 103
Sharnebourne, Thomas 232–3
Shaw, Edmund 313
sheep 1, 18, 64, 200, 203, 248, 249, 270, 271, 307, 309
Shelford Abbey (Nottinghamshire) 99
sheriffs 96, 117, 118, 124, 168
Shirley, John 260
Shirley family 301
Shoreham, William 43
Shrewsbury, Earl of see Talbot, John
Shrewsbury, Elizabeth, Countess of 306
Shrewsbury Manifesto 272
Siege of Thebes, The 220, 303
Siferwas, John 192
Signet 96
Simon atte Style 27
Simon de Drayton, Sir 5–6
Sizewell (Suffolk) 134
Skenfrith church (Gwent) 146
Sluys, Battle of (1340) 76–7, 93, 105, 130
Smith, Joan 254
Smyth, William 142
social mobility 67, 123, 128, 131, 139, 298–9
social relations/status 245, 257, 300, 332
Solace of Pilgrims, The 259, 261
Somerset 5, 20, 190, 203, 242, 250, 265, 289, 293
Somerset, Duke of see Beaufort, Edmund
Song against the King’s Taxes 78
Southampton 267
Southwell Minster (Nottinghamshire) 4
Southwell (physician) 233, 234
Spain 163; see also Castile
Spain, King of 114
Spalding (Lincolnshire) 296, 297
Spicer, William 127
Spileman, Alice 21
Spore, Jack 86
sport and games 295–6
Stackallan (co. Meath) 255
Stafford, Hugh, Lord 216
Stafford, Humphrey, Earl of 214
Stafford, John, Bishop of Bath and Wells 261
Stafford, Sir Henry 300
Standish, Henry 269
Standish family 269
Stanley, Sir William 317
Stanley, Thomas Lord 317
statecraft 219–20
statute law 28, 69, 70, 94, 95, 117, 207, 297
Statute of Additions (1413) 245
Statute of Labourers (1350) 69, 96, 124
Statute of Treason (1352) 70
Statute of Winchester (1285) 28
Statutes of Kilkenny (1366) 106
Stillington, Robert 304
Stirling Castle 23
Stoke d’Abernon 49
Stonor family 259
Stowmarket (Suffolk) 296
Strange, Sir John 184
Stratford, John, Archbishop of
Strathbogie, David 73
Stubbs, John 256
Sturmer (Essex) 123
Sudbury, Archbishop of Canterbury 124, 125, 138
Sudeley, Lord 281
Suffolk
associations 131
churches 8, 41, 249, 250, 258, 262, 288, 289, 293
parliament 184
Suffolk, Duke of see de la Pole, William
Suffolk, Earls of 76, 80, 288–9; see also de la Pole, Michael; de la Pole, William
Sulyard, Sir John 299, 309–10, 350
Surrey, Earls of 144, 169, 191
Surrey, Thomas Holland, Duke of 184
Sussex 21, 90, 130, 135, 201–2, 253, 256, 269, 288
Swaffham (Norfolk) 295
Swanscombe (Kent) 43
Swell, John 142
Swillington, Sir Robert 207–8
Swinbrook (Cotswolds) 4
Swinderby, William 151, 153, 154
Sword of Solomon, The 261
Sycharth (Denbighshire) 176