Talbot, Gilbert Lord 184, 316, 317

Talbot, John, Earl of Shrewsbury 226, 231, 268, 269–70, 306

Talbot, Sir Thomas 167

Tale of Melibee 139

Talmache, John and Alice 193

Tancarville 269

Tatterford church (Norfolk) 288

Tattershall (Lincolnshire) 285

Taunton (Somerset) 20

taverns 134

taxation 342

1330–77 7, 71, 78–80, 82, 92

1377–99 120, 166, 342

1399–1461 208, 265

1461–83 280, 304, 307

exemptions 27, 78, 108, 150, 210

levies 211

poll-tax 14, 120, 123, 150, 342

tallages 50, 210

tithes 45

see also ‘Peasants’ Revolt’

Taylor, William 195

Taymouth Hours 45–6

Tegeingl (Flintshire and Denbighshire) 68

Temple of Glass, The 303

Tendering Hall, Stoke-on-Nayland (Suffolk) 299

Testament of Love 136, 155

Tetzel, Gabriel 278

Tewkesbury 132, 147, 282, 284, 311

textile industry 242

labour 62, 63, 123, 249

regional variation 40, 209

sumptuary legislation 70, 307

trade 1, 140, 166–7, 209, 248, 270

see also wool

Thame 291–2, 294, 308

Thames Valley 278

Thetford (Suffolk) 41, 87

Thomas, Lord Wake of Liddell 98

Thomas de Lisle, Bishop of Ely 98

Thomas Duke of Clarence 185, 213, 214, 221

Thomas Marquess of Dorset 314–15

Thomas of Ingoldisthorp 19

Thomas of Lancaster 22, 24, 30, 32–3, 34, 35, 38–9

Thomas of St Albans 99

Thomas of Walsingham 127

Thomas (son of Henry IV) 211

Thoresby, John, Archbishop of York 100, 103

Thornbury Manor 2

Thorney Abbey (Cambridgeshire) 261

Thornham Parva retable 41

Thornwerk, William and Elizabeth 246

Thorpe, Robert 45

Thorpp, Richard 256

Tideman of Winchecombe 169

timber 3–4, 136, 309

tin-mining 20, 65, 307

Tipperary (Ireland) 107

Tiptoft, John, Lord 238

Tiptoft, Sir John 182

Toddington church (Bedfordshire) 262

Tommes, Richard 202

Topsfield Hall, Crouch End 275

Totnes (Devon) 71

Tournai 76, 77

tournaments 81–2, 87, 113, 140, 163, 277, 278

Tower of London 124–5, 126, 199

Towneley Plays 292

towns 327–8, 348

before 1300 1, 2, 3, 15

1307–99 21, 66, 70–72, 79, 117

1399–1421 204, 208–9, 210–12

1422–83 243–7, 270, 300–301, 307

hygiene 132–3, 133, 247

population 2, 244, 246–7

see also cities; London

Townshend, John 299

Townshend, Roger 297, 298, 299, 307

Towton, Battle of 275, 297, 310

trade 328, 336

1300–1400 22, 39–40, 75, 137–8, 139, 166–7

1400–1483 209, 224, 242, 244, 270, 304, 306–8, 352

books 304

textile industry 1, 140, 166–7, 209, 248, 270

see also markets; wool trade

trades and skills see work and craft trailbastons 95, 96

travel 2, 40, 241, 308

Treatise on the Astrolabe 155

Treatise on the Coronation 75

Treaty of Brétigny (1360) 73, 85, 113–14

Treaty of Calais (1360) 114

Treaty of Edinburgh (1328) 45

Treaty of Piquigny (1475) 307, 311

Treaty of Troyes (1420) 220, 221, 222, 225, 229

Treaty of Utrecht (1474) 307

Treatyse of Fysshynge with an Angle 254

Tree of Battles, The 231

Trefenant, Bishop of Hereford 154

Tretower Court (Powys) 214

Trinity College, Cambridge 37

Trinity Hall 97

Troilus and Criseyde 260

Trollope, Anthony 9

Troy Book 156

Truce of Leulingham 166

Truro (Cornwall) 246

Twelfth Night 298

Twelve Conclusions 151, 154, 156

Tyes, John 193

Tyler, Wat 122, 124, 125

Ufford, Maud Countess of Oxford 181

Ufford, Robert 90

Ulster, Earls of 107, 110

University College, Oxford 238

Urban VI, Pope 140

Usk, Thomas 136, 155

Uthred of Boldon 97–8

Vagrancy Act 131

Valence Mary Hall, Cambridge 97

valets 81

van Artevelde, Jacob 77

Ventour, William 140

Vergil, Polydore 317

Vienne, Jean de 80, 81

villages 4, 7, 65, 66, 123, 249; see also

parishes villeins 65

violence 5–6, 62, 135, 138, 147, 254, 320–21

vowesses 306

Vows of the Heron 76

Wainfleet St Mary 104

Wakefield, Battle of 273, 310

Walberswick (Suffolk) 250, 284, 289

Wales 326

allegiances 24, 108

castles 26

discontent 266

Edward II 25–6, 36, 52

families 62–3

gentry 239

and Henry IV 176–7, 178–9, 184

holy wells 141

land-holding 5, 179

law 10

manors 68, 178

marriage 116

military 27, 108, 269

patronage 8, 90

poetry 141, 156–7, 176, 258–9, 279

and Richard II 169–70 and Richard III 314, 316

taxation 108

towns 70

see also Marches

Walsall Manor (Staffordshire) 67

Walsham-le-Willows (Suffolk) 21

Walsingham 104

Walsingham, Thomas 125, 156

Walston, Walter 194

Walter de Godeston 45

Walter de Mauny 76

Walter de Stapledon 37

Walter of Kirkbride 101

Walter of Milmete 53

Waltham, John, Bishop of Salisbury 131

Walthamstead, John 240, 273

Walworth, William 137

Wantage (Berkshire) 196

war 164–5, 166, 228, 231, 305–6, 330; see also armies; crusades; France: wars; Ireland: warfare; Scottish wars; tournaments

wardmotes 118

warlords 180

Wars of the Roses 306, 310–11, 314–18, 349, 353

Warwick, Duke of see Beauchamp, Henry

Warwick, Earls of 30, 32, 34, 130, 184 see also Beauchamp, Richard; Neville, Richard

Warwick Castle 32, 281

Warwickshire 3, 65, 204, 214, 240, 245, 246

water 135, 247

Waterton, Robert, Lord of Methley 223

waterways 40, 65

Watford (Northamptonshire) 253

Waynflete, William, Bishop of Winchester 236

Webbs, Emma 196

Wedgenock Park (Warwickshire) 204

Welford, John 204

Welland marshes (Kent) 5

Welle, William 91

Wells Cathedral 237, 291, 292

Welsh Newton (Herefordshire) 41, 326

Wensleydale 299, 301

Weobley Castle (Herefordshire) 178

West Chiltington (Sussex) 288

West Raynton (co. Durham) 66

Westley Waterless, Cambridge 49

Westminster Abbey 19, 155, 170, 193, 226, 246, 302, 314

Westminster Hall 97, 154, 206, 314

Westminster Palace 112, 128

Weston, John 212

Weston, Richard 228

Wetherden (Suffolk) 309–10

Weymouth (Dorset) 57

Whalley church (Lancashire) 256

Wharfedale 26

Whas, John 192

Whitby Abbey 275, 297, 300

White, John 201

White Book (Liber albus) 135

White Waltham (Berkshire) 142

Whittington, Alice 212

Whittington, Dick 212

Wickham Market (Suffolk) 210

widowhood 20, 47, 105, 127, 207, 235, 255–6, 256, 306, 333, 351

Wiggenhall (Norfolk) 19

‘wild man’ 12

Wilhelm Duke of Guelders 184

William de Laken 170

William del Clay of Markham 99

William of Erlakar 189

William of Norwich 250

William of Ostrevant 169

William of Pagula 100

William the Conqueror 24

Willoughby, Lady Johanna 211

Willoughby, Sir Richard 95

Willoughby, William, Lord 211, 216

wills

bequests 82, 100, 188–9, 240, 250, 251, 256, 262, 291, 294

endowments 289, 293–4

executors 250

Henry V 225, 227

instructions 194, 249

probate 117, 255, 275

Wilton Diptych 155, 160–61, 326

Wilton (Norfolk) 97

Wiltshire 90, 142, 249

Wimborne Minster (Dorset) 251

Winchelsea (Kent) 71, 90, 121

Winchester 202, 253, 307

Winchester Cathedral 192, 193, 225, 291

Winchester College 236, 257

Windsor 69, 109, 110, 112, 113, 284, 314

Winfleet (Lincolnshire) 189

Winter, John 164

Wisbech (Cambridgeshire) 68, 200, 286–7, 295, 296

Wisdom (play) 235

witchcraft 212, 228, 231, 233, 295

women

anchoresses 47–8, 234

community life 256

at court 155

denunciations of 233, 295

inheritance 10, 74–5, 255–6

law 10, 14, 255–6

and ‘Lollardy’ 154

patronage 326, 336

poverty 134

religion 196, 228, 234–5, 258, 259, 261, 264, 289–90, 294, 306, 348–9

representations of 256, 288

vowesses 306

work 60–62, 122, 123, 249, 256, 328, 332–3

see also widowhood

Wood, Sir John 315

Woodeaton (Oxfordshire) 190

Woodford (Northamptonshire) 21

woodland 67, 135–6

Woodstock, Edmund of, Earl of Kent 55

Woodstock, Thomas, Duke of Gloucester 110, 128, 130, 162, 164

Woodville, Anthony, Lord Scales 278, 280, 303

Woodville, Elizabeth see Elizabeth

Woodville (Queen of Edward IV) Woodville family 278, 299

wool trade 1, 18, 39–40, 78, 129, 137, 138, 139, 210, 244, 248, 249, 306–7, 308; see also sheep; textile industry

Woolaston (Gloucestershire) 178

Worcester 12, 123, 178

Worcester, Earl of 238

Worcester, William of 238, 311

Worcestershire 3, 20, 132, 287

work and craft 328n

apprenticeship 61

domestic service 122–3, 134, 147–8

legislation 69–70, 131, 337

rural 20–21, 61–2, 63, 66, 122

textile industry 62, 63, 123, 249

unemployment 131

urban 58, 60–61, 193, 204, 208

women 60–62, 122, 123, 249, 256, 328, 332–3

see also guilds

Wotton-under-Edge (Gloucestershire) 144

writers 136–7; see also books; literature; poetry

Wulley, Thomas 296

Wyclif, John 148, 149–50, 151, 187, 197, 198, 236, 342

Wycliffism 150, 153, 156, 195

Wye 34, 142

Wyllys, James 260

Wymeswold (Leicestershire) 200–201

Wymondham (Norfolk) 250

Yedingham nunnery (Yorkshire) 63

yeomen 202, 301

York

churches 103, 144, 234, 251

drama 292, 314

education 304

guilds 299

Henry V 211

mayoral elections 307

population 2, 67, 205, 256

religious institutions 46, 118, 293

Richard III and 311–12, 314

York, Dukes of see Edmund of Langley; Edward Duke of York; Richard Duke of York

York Minster 291, 293

Yorkshire 4

court 33, 168

insurrection 160

North Riding 118, 144, 262

religion 63, 100, 118, 250

Scots invasion 27

West Riding 26, 118, 167, 222–3, 292

wool trade 40, 123, 249

Young, Thomas 272

Ypres, siege of 129