acreage reductions, 245–48, 358
Adams, James Truslow, 264, 266, 293, 389, 539
adult illiteracy, 2, 114, 221, 259, 316, 376. See also free schoolbooks
advisory committee to oversee expenditures of the Highway Department, 198– 99, 219
Agar, Herbert, 433
Agricultural Adjustment Act, 341–43, 352, 357–59, 367, 468, 486–87, 516
agricultural economy, 11, 14, 47, 358, 390, 512
air base, Shreveport, LA, 160–61, 169, 185
Airline Highway, 219–20, 256, 524
Air Mail investigation, 449–52
Aldrich, Walter, 249–50
Alexandria, LA, 28, 35, 62, 99, 112, 128, 199, 380, 387, 468
Allen, George, 375
Allen, Oscar K.: bank holiday declaration, 328; Banks Oil Company, 68–72; campaign contributions, 66, 104; committee memberships, 141; cotton stationery, 245; coup, 401, 408, 410–12; described, 250; early support of Huey, 66; encouragement of Huey during impeachment, 179–80; gubernatorial candidate, 250– 52; impeachment of Huey, 188–89; losing control of legislature, 1934, 408; meeting with undecided legislators, 1928, 140; nominated for Huey’s unex pired Senate term, 527; oil tax compromise, 1935, 452; Overton campaign, 311–12; relationship with Huey, 281–82, 368–69; road construction programs, 162, 220; Round Robineer job, 194; running for assessor, 1916, 61; Smith, James Monroe, interview of, 226; state Senate, 1928, 131; sworn in as governor of Louisiana, 280; toll bridge opposition, 199; Win or Lose Company, 491–92
All the King’s Men (Warren), 5, 194, 231, 436, 495–96, 535, 541
American Association of Law Schools, 235
American Bar Association, 235
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 237
American Dream, 264, 581n16
American Federation of Labor (AFL), 213, 275, 298
American Legion, 378, 380, 470
American Messiahs (Carter), 504
American National Oil Company, 73
American Progress, 374–75, 387, 414, 449, 499, 530
Ames, Leslie R., 162, 195
Amlie, Thomas Ryum, 499, 534
Amos ’n Andy (radio show), 232–33
Anderson, James L., 188, 194
Angola prison, 101, 105, 128, 206, 242–43, 259–60
Ansell, Samuel T., 327–30, 332–33, 361, 379, 400, 401, 617n36
Anti-Gambling Committee of the New Orleans Chamber of Commerce, 155
anti-Longs: DeSoto conference, 486–88; election after Kemp’s death, 382–83; Huey’s domination of the Louisiana legislature, 413; and impeachment, 173–92; incompetence of, 189, 218, 409–10; insolence displayed, 540; interference with LSU, 234, 236, 240; IRS investigation, 424; newspapers, 135, 149, 501; philosophy of, 143–44; plot to unseat Ellender, 401; politicization of relief, 463; recall elections, 195; Reveille controversy, 431; rival delegations to Democratic National Convention, 1928, 139, 153; rival delegations to Democratic National Convention, 1932, 283, 286–89; voter fraud, 374, 428; Wallace, Henry, invited to Louisiana, 468. See also Constitutional League of Louisiana; Dynamite Squad; violence
antilynching bill, 463, 500
antimasking law, 101, 107, 119
anti-tariff senators, 278–79, 403
antitrust laws, 344–45, 384
Arabi club, 156
Arkansas, 246–47, 270, 275, 296–312, 434, 490
Arkansas Power and Light Company, 306
Armistice Day, 107, 469
Ashurst, Henry F., 266, 278, 481–82, 537
assassination conspiracies and attempts, 4, 487–88, 515–29, 534, 625n11
Association of American Universities, 223
Astor, Vincent, 464, 467
Aswell, James, 48, 62, 64, 92, 100, 127, 130, 242
Atkinson, Thomas, 223–25
Atlanta, GA, 11, 261, 273–74, 448–49
Auden, W. H., 232
Audubon Sugar School, 10
Austin, Gene, 287, 374
Bacon, J. S., 195
Bagwell, Walter L., 119–20
Bailey, B. W., 15, 53–54
Bailey, James, 137, 220–21
Bailey, Josiah W., 283, 294–95, 333, 347, 360, 363, 451, 460
Baker, Newton, 186, 268, 272–73, 290
Baker, Phil, 518
baking contests Huey conducted as a salesman, 28, 36, 136
Ballard, Marshall, 105, 211
bank failures: absence of in Louisiana, 251–52, 259, 326, 328–29; national collapse, 335, 595n8; national failures, 321
Bankhead, John H., 268, 347, 404
Banking and Currency Committee, 337
banking bill, 335–38, 347–49
banking crisis, Louisiana, 251–52, 326, 328–29, 370–71
banking reform bill, 320–26
banking system, 352–56
Bank of the United States, 325
Bank of Winnfield, 52–55, 62
bankruptcy bill for farmers. See Frazier-Lemke bill
Banks Oil Company, 68–73, 91
Bankston, Jennie K., 94–95
Bankston, Wyatt, 94–95
ban of Ochsner, 234–35
Baptist Messenger, 159
Baptist Monthly Guardian, 22
Barkley, Alben, 262, 325, 336, 345, 347, 350, 397, 425, 461, 476, 479, 537
Barlow, Lester, 503
Barnes, C. S., 386
Barnes, Donna, 110, 560n51
Barousse, Homer, 188
Barron’s, 482, 484
Barrow, Wylie M., 70, 78–79
Baruch, Bernard M., 275, 318–19, 344–46, 352, 453, 456, 469, 483
Bastrop, LA, 99, 101
Baton Rouge Airport, 233
Baton Rouge State-Times (newspaper), 174–75, 200, 205
Bauer, Norman, 143, 370
Baynard, L. B., 137
Bayou Oil Company, 68
Beadle, Jim, 167–69
Beals, Carleton, 151, 168, 505–6, 509, 536
Behrman, Martin, 73–74, 80, 118–21, 123–24, 127, 412
Bellow, Saul, 503
Bell Telephone System, 79
Bennett, William H., 175, 183, 205
Bergdoll, Grover Cleveland, 332
Berlin, Richard E., 502
Bernstein, Arnold, 119
Bernstein, Ernest R., 96–97, 104, 129, 148, 170, 365–66
Berryman, John, 232
Beverly Gardens, 160
Beyond the Bonus March (Ortiz), 359
bifactionalism in Louisiana caused by Huey, 245, 260
Bilbo, Theodore, 38, 137, 159, 244–46, 423, 434, 498, 505, 535
Bingham, Hiram, 283, 292
Bismarck, ND, 315
Bismarck Tribune (newspaper), 315
Black, Conrad, 357
Black, Hugo, 262–63, 267–68, 323, 343–44, 347, 351, 367, 369, 390, 463, 479
Blackmur, R. P., 231–32
Black newspapers, 501
Black people, 9, 10–14, 45–47, 56, 159, 232, 407, 410–11, 500–502, 529, 535–36; Black voters, 45–47, 501, 529
Black Thursday, 209
Black Tuesday, 209
Blackwood, Charles, 244
Blaine, John, 262, 275
Blaze Starr, 532
Bloody Monday. See impeachment
Board of Health, 149
Board of Liquidation, 157, 166, 200, 207, 331
bodyguards, 4, 163–64, 215, 284, 379–80, 414, 448, 454, 467, 528. See also Coleman, Elliott; DeArmond, John; Grant, Goldman; Jones, Louis; Landry, Theophile; McQuiston, George; Messina, Joe; Roden, Murphy
Bogan, Harney, 143, 176, 187, 215
Bolivia, 400, 445
Bond, Nat, 412, 418, 436
Bond and Tax Board, 463–64
Bone, Homer, 398
booklet, SOW, 391, 469
Boone, William C., 187–90
bootlegging, 155–56, 567n43
Borah, Wayne, 416; Shushan trial, 465
Borah, William E.: antilynching bill, 463; banking bill, 336, 339; damaging information about Farley, 450; Democratic primaries, 466; Frazier-Lemke bill, 404; how taxed wealth would get redistributed, 344, 388, 391; Interstate Commerce Commission bill, 483; LaFollette-Costigan bill, 263; meeting Huey, 262; National Industrial Recovery Act, 345, 347; NRA, 367, 458; tax bill, 344, 398
Bormann, Ernest, 536
Bouanchaud, Hewitt, 101–2, 103, 106–9, 115, 120, 131, 197, 258
Boudreaux, Joseph, 253, 282
Boulard, Garry, 411, 427
Bourgeois, Ernest, 439, 447–48
Bozeman, Harley, 23–25, 27–34, 54–55, 64, 104, 131, 136–37, 140–41, 173, 182, 217, 219, 226, 330
Bozeman, Harry “Battling,” 163–64, 176–79, 185
Bradley, E. R., 397–99
Brains/Brain Trust, 335
branch banking, 321–25, 347–48
Bregman, Rutger, 513
Brian, Hardy, 15
bridges, 112, 115, 121–28, 380. See also Lake Pontchartrain Bridge; Mississippi River Bridge
Bridges, Burk A., 66–67
Brinkley, Alan, 275–76, 293, 357, 475, 499, 512–13
Brisbane, Arthur, 396, 458, 502
Brocato/Moran, Jim, 163, 490, 567n43
Brookings Institution, 503, 507, 509–10, 512
Brooks, Cleanth, 230–31, 240–41
Brooks, Overton, 105
Brooks, Robert, 504
Brothers, O. R., 253
Brothers, Robert, 243, 253, 282, 369, 401, 454
Broussard, Edwin S., 124–26, 127, 130, 251, 261, 283, 298, 303, 311–13, 314, 326–27, 332–33, 381–82, 387
Broussard, Robert, 61–62, 95, 119
Brunot, Harney F., 83, 88–89, 140, 168
Bryan, William Jennings, 6, 15–16, 32, 44, 46, 48–49, 287, 355, 375, 396, 539
Buck, Gene, 376–79
Bull Moose Party. See Progressive Party
Bunkie, LA, 253
Bunkie Record, 501
Bureau of Criminal Identification, 150, 214–16, 407, 409, 412, 427, 490
Burguieres, Ernest A., 283–84
burial society of Dudley LeBlanc, 252–53, 291
Burke, Kenneth, 231–32, 433
Burke, Ulic, 216, 387, 601n98
Burns, James MacGregor, 371, 483
Burns, Ken, 393
Butler, Benjamin, 212–13
Butler, Smedley, 377, 504
Byrd, Harry, 219, 247, 258, 273, 288, 339, 347, 437–38, 447
Byrnes, James F., 272, 351, 359, 362, 451, 460, 516, 537, 596n33
Byrns, Joseph, 339
Caddo Parish, 11–12, 15, 68–69, 82, 97, 157–58, 161, 170, 171
cadet corps of LSU, 421, 431
Caffee, Nate, 230
Cajuns, 11, 37, 212
Caldwell, George, 530
Camp Beauregard, 62
Campbell, William B., 52, 61, 71
Canal Bank Building, 415–17
Cane Juice (Uhler), 236–37
capitalism, 7, 318, 352, 356–57, 394, 445, 483, 512
capital levy tax, 457, 507, 510, 513; capital levy tax bill, 344
Capone, Al, 379
Capper, Arthur, 267
Caraway, Hattie, 245, 266–68, 296–99, 302–5, 306–10, 351, 451, 459–60, 500, 527
Caraway, Thaddeus, 296, 301, 305
Carazo, Castro, 238, 423, 444, 449, 485, 521
Carbajal, Nicholas, 129–30, 386
carbon black, 125, 131, 144, 174–75, 257, 282, 561n32
Carleton, Doyle E., 233
Carleton, Mark, 244, 260
Carroll, John A., 322
Carter, Hodding, 143–44, 499
Carter, John Franklin, 504
cartoons, 103, 106, 202, 211, 252–53, 274–75, 298, 302, 476
Catholics, 2, 13, 47, 99–101, 107–8, 115, 119, 144, 159, 228, 237
Catledge, Turner, 480
cattle-tick eradication, 148, 174–75, 207, 291–92, 420, 576n10
Cellini, Benvenuto, 19–20, 35, 537
censorship, 431–34. See also indictment of Huey; newspaper tax; Reveille (newspaper)
Central Trades and Labor Council, 79, 438
Cermak, Anton, 284, 290, 313–14, 370
Chaco War, 400
chain stores, 275, 291–92, 324, 392, 407
Chamberlain, Neville, 531
Chamber of Commerce, 281, 438, 440, 475
Charity Hospital, New Orleans, 2, 81, 149–52, 228, 234–36, 409, 437, 463
Chattanooga Medicine Company, 34–35
Chavez, Dennis, 426
Chicago, IL, 140, 249, 283–85, 288, 291, 466, 500
Chicago American Federation of Labor, 275
Chicago Defender (newspaper), 501
Chicago Democratic National convention, 1932, 279, 283–91, 359, 482, 518
Chicago Tribune (newspaper), 266, 279, 390, 449; censorship, opposition to, 432–33; coverage of Huey’s maiden U.S. Senate speech, 261–62; Every Man A King (Long), review of, 375; filibuster of June 1935, 479–80; Huey’s suggested tax rates, 267; Irby’s book, 216; Robin-son cartoon, 274–75
Chicago World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893, 13
Childs, Marquis, 365
Chipley, Hunt, 78, 86, 87
Choctaws, 46, 48, 258
Christenberry, Earle, 360, 368, 390, 491–92, 495, 497, 501, 503, 518, 521, 526, 531, 534
Christian, Paul, 488
circulars, 37, 81, 103, 129–30, 180–81, 210–11, 298–99, 333, 392, 394, 427, 497–98, 503
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), 340–42, 350, 352, 356, 488
civil rights, 143, 214, 532
civil service, 48, 85, 115, 150–51, 234, 258, 260, 539
civil service commission, 429, 485
Civil War, 11–13, 14
Civil War veterans, 108
Civil Works Administration, 396
Claiborne Oil Company, 68, 72
Clancy, Frank, 169
Clark, Bennett Champ, 32–33, 303, 332, 339, 347, 369, 397, 399–400, 406, 454, 480, 483
Clarke, C. K., 105–6
Clayton Act, 44–45
Clements, Robert, 500
Cleveland, OH, 268, 473
Cleveland Indians, 233, 268
Clifford, Clark, 58
Clifford, Helen, 185
cloture, 322–23
Coad, George, 360
Cobwebs Speech, 306
Cohen, Russ, 227, 239, 249, 312–13, 421–22
Cohen, Walter, 120, 213
Coleman, Elliott, 163, 522–23, 528
Colfax massacre, 12
collecting delinquent taxes, 489
college and vocational training, 457, 513
college enrollments, 457
Collier’s magazine, 349, 397–98, 502–3, 539
Collins, Jim, 537
Colored Farmers Union (CFU), 14
Columbus, KS, 316
Commercial Affairs Committee, 198–99
commercial banking, 347–48, 507
Commercial National Bank, 96–98
Commission on Industrial Relations, 45
committee assignments, 203, 268, 270
committee memberships, 141, 268–69, 333
Committee on Post Offices, 450, 459
commodity prices, 353
common carriers, 69, 75–76, 147, 556n17
competition, 7, 44, 131, 244, 277, 324, 392, 512
concentrated wealth, 41, 49, 104, 262, 267, 306, 311, 312, 389, 391, 398, 481, 594n93
concentration camps, 539
conduct of elections, 329–30
confiscatory taxes, 267, 394, 507
Connally, Tom, 264, 277, 313, 327, 342, 347, 351, 369, 381–82, 387–88, 451, 537
Conner, Mike, 243, 289–90, 423, 499
Connor, H. B., 137
Conservation Commission, 126, 149, 151, 196–97
Conservation Department, 105–6, 131, 152
conservative Democrats, 347
conservative economists, 513
conservative press, 204, 445
constitutional amendments, 121, 127, 139, 146–48, 158–60, 203, 209, 218, 263, 331, 374, 383, 423, 445
constitutional convention of 1898, 45
constitutional convention of 1921, 77–80, 81, 85, 98, 115, 119, 188, 205–6
Constitutional League of Louisiana, 196, 197, 207, 209, 217, 223
Cook, William H., 524
Coolidge, Calvin, 128, 200–201, 272, 309
cooperatives, 499, 507
Copeland, Royal S., 263, 339, 351, 362
Corcoran, Thomas, 483
Costello, Frank, 489–90
Costigan, Edward P., 263, 336, 340–41, 475
cost of production, 342–43, 358
Cottolene, 27–29, 136
cotton, 10–14, 197, 244–48, 400, 407, 516–17, 533
cotton and crop holiday plan, 253, 367, 390, 458, 512
Couch, Harvey, 196, 203, 216, 324, 333, 368, 581n4
Couch, Pete, 439
Coughlin, Charles, 446, 452–53, 459, 461–62, 466–70, 473, 474, 476, 484, 487, 498–99, 505, 520, 525, 534, 615n66
Count of Monte Cristo, The (Dumas), 19, 21, 42, 325, 489
Couzens, James J., 262, 263, 276–77, 292, 323, 335, 339, 347, 397, 400
Cox, James, 261, 271
Coyle, David Cushman, 392
Creoles, 11
Crisis (magazine), 500
Crump, Ed, 33, 288, 313–14
Cumberland Telephone and Telegraph Company, 78–79, 81, 86–89, 93, 98, 103, 120
Cupp (Deputy Sheriff), 63
Curley, Jack, 377
Curry, John F., 284, 313–14
Cushman, M. S., 292
Cutrer, Jesse, 430–31
Cutrer, Thomas W., 237, 433
Cutrer, W. H., 189
Cutting, Bronson, 262, 318, 350–51, 367, 369, 372, 396, 426, 442, 451, 499, 503
Cyr, Paul N., 131, 132–33, 137, 140, 167–69, 171, 175–77, 188, 202, 206, 207, 208, 216, 249–50, 251, 254, 266
Daily Argus Leader (newspaper), 316
Daily States (newspaper), 64
Daley, Richard J., 493
Dallas, TX, 519
Daniel, Pete, 248
Daniel, Watt, 100
Daniell, Raymond, 264, 361, 414, 418, 449, 518
Daniels, Jospehus, 285
Danziger, Alfred, 169–70, 185, 201, 221, 386
Darrow, Clarence, 289
David, Joe, 298
Davidson, Donald, 433
Davis, Forrest, 433–34, 500, 506–7, 596n32
Davis, Jefferson, 12, 37–38, 305–6
Davis, John W., 272, 318, 566n27
Davis, Kenneth, 258, 357, 369
Davis, Norman, 333
Dawson, K. W., 31–32, 138, 519
Dead Man’s Curve, 447
Dear, J. Cleveland, 426, 428, 486, 527–28, 530
DeArmond, John, 528
Debs, Eugene V., 15
debt moratorium laws, 429, 434, 440, 441, 477
deducts, 428, 488, 531, 625n27
defective culverts, 184, 187
deficiency bill, filibuster of, August 1935, 516–17
deficit spending, 359, 510–11
Delesdernier, George, 186, 283, 286
Deliver Us From Dictators! (Brooks), 504
DeLoach case, 52–55, 58–59, 61, 71, 366
demagogues, 534–36
Democratic National Conventions: of 1912, 33, 44; of 1920, 271; of 1924, 271–72; of 1928, 139, 152–53, 272; of 1932, 255, 283–95, 399, 489
Democratic Party, 15, 48–49, 269, 271–72, 277–78, 288–89, 322, 339, 403, 450, 453–54, 471, 486
Democratic State Central Committee, Louisiana, 139, 255
Denman, William, 96
Depression. See Great Depression
DePriest, Oscar, 501
Des Moines, IA, 466–70
Des Moines Register, 467
DeSoto conference, 486–88, 529, 625n11
Deutsch, Hermann B., 72, 124, 195, 219, 297, 300–301, 310, 369, 501–2, 505–6, 519, 528
Devol, Don, 434, 527, 531, 602n23
Dewey, John, 267
Dickinson, Lester Jesse, 451
Dies, Martin, 16, 416
Dieterich, William, 397, 478
Dill, Clarence, 275, 285, 347, 585n31
Dillon’s Rule, 437
Doane, Robert R., 512
Dodd, William, 235
Dodson, LA, 23
dog track racing, 152
Donaldsonville, LA, 379
“Doom of America’s Dream” speech, 266–67, 293, 298, 391
Dore, Hugo, 145, 408
Doriot, Georges, 362
Douglas, Lewis, 338–39, 344, 349, 351
Dowling, Oscar, 149, 170
Dowling, Richard, 103
draft board deferment of Huey, 63, 65
Drake Relays, 466–67
Dreher, Thomas (DreherLeBoeuf murder), 167–70
Drew, Harmon, 380
Dreyfus, Jules A., 101
Dugas, Clay, 130, 141, 242
Dugdemona Creek, 301, 305
dummy candidates, 216, 311–12, 327, 329–30, 387–88, 412–13, 463
Dunbar, Charles, 90
Dupre, Gilbert, 203, 218, 575n42, 578–79n26
Dutcher, Rodney, 400
Dynamite Squad, 143–48, 172, 173, 176–78, 182, 187
Earle, George H., 461
Early, Harry, 410, 442, 463, 488
Eccles, Marriner, 539
Echezabal, Frank T., 373, 418
economic recovery, 338, 354–59, 470, 511–12, 533. See also Second New Deal of 1935
Economy Act, 338–41, 349–50, 352, 358– 59, 363, 369, 399
Edge, John, 233
education, 390; adult illiteracy, 2, 221; college educations, 234, 340, 460, 461, 482; educational sabbaticals, 376, 512; G.I. Bill, 7, 513–14; oil tax, 174, 439; prisoner education and training programs, 243; and Smith, 226; state increased spending and control of under Huey, 221–22; state spending for, before Huey, 111. See also free schoolbooks; Harris, T. H.; Louisiana State University (LSU)
election board bill, 464
Elections Committee, U.S. Senate, 401
election supervisors, 464
Eliot, T. S., 232
Elks Club, 95, 103
Ellender, Allen, 141, 186, 190, 205–6, 210, 216, 253, 327, 401, 404, 415, 495, 497, 521–22, 527, 529–31
Ellis, Harvey, 130
Embree, Edwin P., 434–35
Emden (ship), 201
Emergency Banking Act, 2–3, 338, 352, 358–59, 363, 537
employee stockownership legislation, 533
Epic of America, The (Adams), 264
Ermon, W. C., 221
Espionage Act, 62–64
ethnic groups, 14, 48–49, 74, 256, 540
Ethridge, J. W., 426
Evans, Hiram, 119
eventful (or role taking) leaders, 371
event-making (or creative) leaders, 371
Everett, George, 225–26, 229, 576n10
Everett, W. J., 125
Every Man A King (Long’s autobiography), 375
“Every Man a King” (song), 449, 466, 497–98, 519
Ewing, John D. (son of Robert Ewing), 169, 568n75
Ewing, Robert, 120–21, 130, 136, 138, 140, 153, 159, 161, 166–70, 171, 205, 212–13, 243, 565n87, 568n75
excise taxes, 277–79, 294
Executive Committee of the Board of Regents, 236–37
export debenture plan, 212
Fakier, Bill, 523
Fargo, ND, 315
Fargo’s Grocery Store, 160
Faris, Edgar, 503
Farley, James A., 272, 284–85, 289, 314–16, 319, 359, 442, 449–55, 459, 473–74, 480–81, 499–500, 505
farm bill. See Agricultural Adjustment Act
Farm Board proposal to voluntarily plow up every third row of cotton, 1931, 244
Farmer-Labor Party, 271, 284
farmers, 8–9; Agricultural Adjustment Act, 357–58; cattle-tick eradication, 148, 174–75; commodity prices, 353; concentrated power, 14; and cotton, 244–48; debenture plan, 212; debt moratorium laws, 429; deficiency bill, August 1935, 516–17; domestic allotment plan for, 341; farm bill, 341–43; farm prices, 340, 358; Frazier-Lemke bill, 404; Huey as a friend of, 60; plantation economy, 10–11; Reconstruction Finance Corporation loans, 274; relief bill and legislation to aid, 292; resentments or grievances held by, 110–11, 540; and Talmadge, 449
Farmers Union, 469–70
Farm Holiday Association, 469–70
Farrell, J. E., 491
fascism, 504–5
Faultless Starch Company of Kansas City, 33–34
FBI, 426, 465, 494
Fechner, Robert, 340
Federal Home Loan Bank Board, 399, 400
federal patronage: after Huey’s death, 520; denial to Huey, 1933–35, 359–60, 426– 27, 449
Federal Power Commission, 284, 292
Federal Relief Administration, 340–41, 356
Federal Reserve Act, 44, 321–22; Federal Reserve Bank, 354; Federal Reserve Board, 320, 323–25, 347, 352; Federal Reserve System, 336, 592n12
Federal Trade Commission, 44, 72, 262
Fenner, Charles, 41, 53
Fernandez, J. O. (“Bathtub Joe”), 198, 212, 217, 368, 418, 531
Fess, Simeon D., 347
Fetter, Anna, 140
Field, Betty Marie, 425, 427
Fields, Harvey, 139, 153, 217, 495, 531–32
Fifth Amendment: taken by Bradley, 398–99; taken by Huey’s alleged assassination plotters, 448
filibusters: of Huey, 4, 320, 321–26, 327, 404, 459–60, 475, 479–80, 516–17, 590n41, 617n17, 623n12; by Huey’s opponents, 148, 205–6
First Amendment, 431–32
first New Deal, 483
Fischer, Jules, 58
Fish, Hamilton, 328
Fisher, Irving, 209
Fisher, Joe, 151, 171, 187, 215, 441, 464–65
Fisher, Jules, 188, 283, 344, 415, 441
Fisher family, 130, 214, 437
Fitzgerald, Honey, 287
Fleming, Raymond H., 139, 156–57, 249, 328, 411–12, 417–18, 447, 619n98
flood control, 104, 128, 132, 140, 197, 245, 249, 326, 340, 369
Florida, 499
Florida parishes, 99
Floyd, “Pretty Boy,” 434
Forbes magazine, 237–38
Ford, Henry, 498, 539
Ford Motor Company, 458
foreign cotton imports, 247–48
Fortier, Gilbert, 409
Fort Smith, 307
Foster, Murphy J., 208
Foster, Rufus E., 86–87, 138, 221
Fourmy, J. M., 139
Fournet, John B., 140–41, 164, 176–78, 194, 203, 205–6, 250, 401, 419–20, 521–23, 528, 531
framing. See revolution and social movement theories
Frampton, Charles, 142, 249, 368, 520–24, 528
Frankfurter, Felix, 475, 539
Franklinton, LA, 380
Frazier, Lynn, 404, 451, 537
Frazier-Lemke bill, 406, 408, 429, 443, 477, 516
Frederick the Great story, 235–36
free bridges, 121–22, 127–28
free schoolbooks, 2, 37, 127–28, 133–34, 136, 142–45, 157–61, 171–72, 203, 253, 256, 258–59, 464, 501
free speech, 45, 432–33
freezeouts, 68–73, 76, 88, 115, 178, 277, 553n18, 556n17
French parishes, 311–12
Frey, Fred C., 225, 236, 240, 624n33
Friedman, Milton, 16, 352, 356
Fruge, J. Cleveland, 176, 419–20
Fuqua, Henry, 101–2, 103, 105–9, 115, 118–20, 124–25, 127, 140, 175, 560n7
Galbraith, John Kenneth, 352
Galveston, TX, 197
Galveston rate case, 122–23, 138
Gamble, Harry, 59, 139, 198
gambling, 32–33, 47, 130, 152, 155–57, 160, 165, 169–70, 171, 397–98, 408, 415–16, 428, 489–90
gamesmanship of Huey, 57, 90–91, 330
game warden of Tennessee, 421–22
Gardner Hotel, 213–14
Garner, John Nance, 261, 272–73, 287, 290–91, 310, 347, 463, 473, 474, 480, 487, 517
Garsaud, Marcel, 284, 292
gas industry. See oil and gas industry
gasoline taxes, 116, 147–48, 160, 203, 221
Gassler, Father, 236–37, 527
Gayoso Hotel, 30, 33
gentlemen’s agreement of John Parker, 77, 80, 84
George, Walter F., 278–79, 294–95, 323, 336, 516–17, 537
Georgia, 464, 501
Georgia House of Representatives, 449
G.I. Bill of 1944, 7, 513–14
Gilbeau, Pops, 225
Gilbert, Philip H., 140–41, 177, 188–92, 194, 203
Gilkinson, Helen, 430–31
Ginsberg, George J., 177, 195
Glass, Carter, 262, 266, 320–26, 336, 337– 39, 343, 347–49, 362–63, 424, 504, 581n1
Glass-Steagall Banking Act, 354–55
Glavis, Louis, 450–51
Gleason, Ira, 90
Goldsborough, Phillips Lee, 336
gold standard, 252, 343, 355, 372
Good Government League, 47–48, 74
Good Roads Association, 134
Gordon, Robert J., 110–11
Gore, Thomas, 257, 262, 278, 336, 347, 478–79
government by gentlemen or goatee, 12, 46, 115
government spending, 104, 134, 257–58, 294, 339, 341, 354, 511–12, 612n52
governor’s mansion, 162–64, 166–67, 169, 171, 178–79, 197, 199, 203, 535
Grace, Fred, 137
Grace, Lucille May, 491, 500
Grady, Henry W., 25
graft, 6, 214–15, 219, 286, 331, 360, 379, 416–17, 464, 530–32
Grand Isle, 194, 214–15
Grant, Goldman, 163
Grant Parish, 253–54, 282
Great Depression, 209–10, 317–18; of 1893, 8, 16; analyzing the cause of the, 352–56; banking system, 352–53; cotton industry, 244; deficit financing, 257–58; government spending, 511; and Hoover, 269–70; Huey’s analysis, 456–57; and LSU, 2; money spent on Louisiana highways, 220, 384; public works projects, 200; recovery of Louisiana, 440; Robinson’s plan to combat, 274–76, 294; Roosevelt policies, first hundred days, 335–51, 354–59; Share Our Wealth program, 390–94, 506–12; Townsend Plan, 500. See also Second New Deal of 1935
Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, 127–28, 139
Gridiron dinner, 382
Grieff, Louis, 27–28
grievances. See revolution and social movement theories
Grosch, John, 416
Grosjean, Alice Lee, 105, 129, 140, 163–65, 183–85, 188, 190, 213–14, 220–21, 249, 255, 361–62, 379, 434, 491, 500, 531
Gross, Dallas, 447
Gross National Product, 317, 355, 356
gubernatorial elections, Louisiana: of 1912, 48; of 1916, 48–49; of 1920, 71, 73–75; of 1924, 98–109; of 1928, 118–36; of 1932, 250–54
Guerre, Louis, 490
Guffey, Joseph F., 483
Guilbeau, Dudley, 101, 190
Guild, James, 27
Guillory, Isom, 408–10
guinea hen analogies, 108, 302–3, 597n61
Guion, George, 251–53
Gulf Refining, 68, 75–76
Haas, David, 488, 529, 540–41
Hadacol, 35
Hagen, Walter, 255
Hague, Frank, 153, 284, 313–14
Hair, William Ivy, 3, 34, 59, 64, 183, 253
Hall, Luther E., 47–48, 157
Hamlin, Stella, 287–88
Hammond, Hilda Phelps, 360–62, 381
Hammond, LA, 135, 148, 380, 382, 401
Harding, Warren G., 271
hard-surface roads under state maintenance, 113
Hardy, G. W., 408
Harper, S. J., 39, 53, 59–61, 62–64, 65, 136, 399
Harps, J. A., 51–52
Harris, Julian, 232–33
Harris, Pleasant, 168
Harris, T. H., 24–25, 134, 137, 142, 144, 174, 221, 485
Harris, T. O., 75–77, 211, 280, 365
Harrisburg, PA, 518
Harrison, Pat, 261, 267–73, 276–77, 289– 90, 397–400, 405–6, 423, 452, 453, 461, 479, 481, 537, 582n44
Harrison-Roosevelt compromise bill on the soldiers’ bonus, 461, 470
Haspel, Joseph, 149
Hatch Act, 539
Hayes, Rutherford B., 12
Hearst, William Randolph, 273, 290, 315, 374–75, 481, 502, 505
Hecht, Rudolph, 217, 221, 324, 328
Heflin, Thomas, 268, 535
Heidelberg Hotel, 140, 163–64, 174, 254, 447
Heilman, Robert B., 7, 230–31, 236, 240, 406, 521
Helena, MT, 307–8
Helvering, Guy, 397–98, 424–25
Henderson, Will, 104, 129, 145, 148, 161, 245
Henriques, James C., Sr., 81, 86
Henry, Burt W., 327
Herold, Sidney, 145, 158
Hibernia Bank, 328–29, 335
Higginbotham, Powers, 447
Higgins, Archie, 418
Highway Commission, 111–12, 121–22, 132, 136, 140–42, 148, 162–63, 183, 184, 194, 196, 199, 204, 207, 213, 264–65, 465
highway program, 147–48, 158–59, 203, 205, 217, 219–20, 264–66, 279, 293–94
Himes, R. L. “Tighty,” 242–43
Hitz, Ralph, 531
H. L. Mandeville, 72
Hodges, Campbell B., 223, 241
Hofstadter, Richard, 325, 349
Holland, John, 381, 387
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 364
Holt, Rush, Sr., 482
Home Rule, 437–38
Homer well, 72–73
Honest Election League, 327, 331, 381
Hoover, Herbert, 128, 159–60, 244–46, 266–71, 274, 299, 315–16, 318, 320, 356, 504, 513
Hoover, J. Edgar, 448
Hoovervilles, 299
Hopkins, Claude, 37
Hopkins, Harry, 463, 483
Hot Springs, 307
Hot Wells, 71, 458
Houston, TX, 29–30, 197, 312
Houston Packing Company, 29–30
Howe, Louis, 350, 380, 424, 453, 475
Howell, Clark, 273
Howell, John A., 331
Howell, Robert B., 327
Howell, Roland, 213, 382
Hudgens, Pete, 488
Huey P. Long Field House, 229
Huey P. Long Fort, 400
Hughes, Lester, 218
Hull, Cordell, 267, 272, 285, 372, 446
Humphrey, Hubert, 315
Humphrey, William E., 262
Hunter, Robert A., 97
Hurja, Emil, 474–75
Hutchinson, KS, 316
Hutton, Ina Ray, 484
Huxley, Aldous, 232, 433
Hyde Park, NY, 285, 313–15, 520
I, Governor of California, and How I Ended Poverty (Sinclair), 504
Ickes, Harold L., 345, 434, 450–51, 461–64, 475, 495, 500, 505, 517
Illinois, 219, 495
impeachment, 81–82, 173–92, 193–96, 198, 203, 206–7, 209, 217–18, 234–35, 257, 303, 405, 430, 433, 537
income received by state as percentage of 1929 income, 440
income taxes, 9, 15, 44–45, 80, 407–9, 414–15, 423, 426, 452, 465, 482, 622n88
Independent Regulars, 103–4, 109
indictment of Huey, 82–84 industrial production, 209, 357–58
inflation, 319, 342–43, 357, 358, 460, 469
inheritance taxes, 173, 197, 267–69, 470, 481–82, 510–11
Inner Circle, 333–34
Insull, Samuel, 307
insurance of bank deposits, 15, 321, 324, 348, 358, 443
international monetary conference, 371–72
International Trade Exhibition, New Orleans, 197
Interstate Natural Gas Company, 491–92
Iowa, 466, 499
Irby, Sam, 213–16
Irey, Elmer, 331, 424–25
Irion, Valentine K., 125, 149, 170, 196–97
IRS, 3, 331–32, 333, 383–85, 388, 397–98, 424–25, 441, 442, 464–65, 530, 600n69
Irwin, Lou, 376, 436, 444, 489–90, 518
It Can’t Happen Here (Lewis), 505
Jackson, Andrew, 150
Jackson, MS, 38, 243, 251
Jackson, R. O., 31–32
Jackson, Robert, 426
Jacksonian Democrats, 14, 151
Jahncke, E. L., 333
Jai Alai Club, 156–57
James Stewart Company, 450
Japanese Americans, 539
Jarrell, Randall, 232
Jastremski, Henry, 70, 90
Jeansonne, Glen, 40–41, 365, 369–70
Jefferson Parish, 130, 155–56, 160, 215, 489
Jim Crow laws, 9, 159, 539, 545n6
Johnson, Hiram, 262, 278, 318, 320, 325, 338, 505
Johnson, Hugh S., 345, 357, 452–58, 468–69, 518, 525, 534, 536
Johnson, Lyndon B., 211, 369, 418, 462
Johnson, Paul, 258, 498
Johnson, Philip, 503
Johnston, Olin, 460
Jones, Jesse, 471
Jones, Lawrence M. “Biff ,” 313, 430, 435–36
Jones, Louis, 133, 163, 282, 380, 490, 523
Jones, Sam, 492, 531–32
Journal of Southern History, 231, 240 J. P. Morgan, 292, 341, 343, 349, 373, 379, 395, 506
Judiciary Committee, 203, 343, 397, 401, 404
Julius Rosenwald Foundation, 221
Kahle, T. Jordan, 526
Kahn, Leon, 129
Kane, Harnett, 540
Kansas City, MO, 451
Kastel, Phil, 490
Kefauver Senate Committee, 489–90
Kemp, Bolivar, 382, 426–27
Kemp, Mrs. Bolivar, 382–83, 401
Kennedy, John F., 311
Kennedy, Joseph, 290, 372, 478, 489, 520
Kennedy, Kemble K., 224–25, 235, 237, 433
Kent, Frank, 267
Kentucky, 499
Key, V. O., Jr., 437–38, 531
kickbacks, 424–26, 440, 441, 465, 495, 531, 575n43
Kidd, E. E., 54
kidnapping: and Irby, 213–16; by KKK, 99, 101; threat by Cyr against Huey, 169
King, Alvin O., 203, 250, 254
King, William H., 264, 479
Kingfish nickname, 4, 162, 171, 261, 325, 327
Kirby, Thomas A., 230
Kittredge, Ivy, 86, 120
Kizer, Roland, 447
Klorer, John, 202, 221, 386–87
Knights, L. C., 232
Knott, Clara (née Long), 17–18
Krewes, 139, 563n4
Krock, Arthur, 289, 368, 376, 400, 443–44, 459, 482
Ku Klux Klan, 11–12, 49, 98–101, 107–9, 114, 115, 118–20, 224, 258, 413–14, 416, 486, 583n73
Labbe, Donald, 189–91
labor, 55, 59, 104, 138, 212, 264, 294, 340, 343–45, 353, 397, 516–19
Labor Day speech, Oklahoma City, 1935, 518–19
LaFollette, Philip, 251, 495, 499–500
LaFollette, Robert, 534; amendment to increase taxes on the wealthy, 400; banking bill, 336; consensus building, 362; criticism of Roosevelt, 336, 340–42; deficiency bill, 516; excise taxes, 278; farm bill, 341–42; Federal Relief Administration, 340–41; higher taxes on the wealthy, 398; Huey’s relationship with, 367; mobilization among progressives, 499–500; National Industrial Recovery Act, 347; public works, 513; Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 262; relief bills, 263; soldiers’ bonus, 474–75; St. Lawrence Seaway Treaty, 396–97; support of Roosevelt, after the NRA, 347; support of Roosevelt, campaign of 1934, 318; Wisconsin politics, 251
LaFollette, Robert, Sr., 479
LaFollette-Costigan bill, 263
LaGuardia, Fiorello, 376, 489, 499
Lake Lafourche, 100
Lake Pontchartrain Bridge, 121, 199, 203, 397
lame-duck Senate session, 319–20, 333
Lamont, Thomas, 349
Land, John, 80, 92, 98, 158
Landry, Theophile, 518, 530
Larcade, Henry, 188, 206
Lautenshlager, Lester, 177
law books, Huey’s collection, 32, 49–50, 57, 184, 187, 288, 495, 570n59
League of Nations, 271, 273, 445
Leake, Hunter, 77, 83, 150
leases, oil (Win or Lose), 490–95
LeBlanc, Dudley J., 35, 124–26, 251–54, 282, 291, 311–12, 381–82
LeBlanc, Fred, 447
LeBoeuf, Ada, 167–70
LeBoeuf, James, 167–70
Leche, Richard, 360, 494, 521, 527–28, 530–31
Lee, Lila, 517–18
Lee, Swords, 99, 104, 108, 119, 129–30, 140
Leiber, Philip, 395
Lemke, William, 404–5, 469, 499, 534
LeSage, Louis, 438–39, 448 levees, 10, 105, 127–28, 139, 212
Lewis, J. Hamilton, 277, 284, 294, 362, 397, 537
Lewis, Sinclair, 505
Liberty League, 487
Liebling, A. J., 202, 376, 532
Lilly, Ben, 48
Limpus, Lowell, 468
Lincoln, Abraham, 369, 371
Lincoln, NE, 315
Link, Harry, 449
Lippmann, Walter, 272–73, 376, 458
liquor licenses, state control over, 407, 409
Little Rock, AK, 29, 309
local government(s), 3, 263, 281–82, 429, 437–41, 540
local leaders, 100, 105, 181, 188, 380, 427–29, 437–38
Logan, John A., 257, 381
Lohengrin (play), 33–34
Long, Albert (uncle), 67
Long, Arthur (cousin), 95
Long, Caledonia (née Tison) (mother), 16–18, 19, 21, 34
Long, Caledonia (sister), 94, 164
Long, Charlotte (sister), 17
Long, Earl (brother), 252–53; attorney for the inheritance tax collector, 164; bond issue for the new capitol, 218; breaks with Huey, 251; campaign contributions, 104, 129; campaigning, 66; career after Huey’s death, 527, 531–33; distrusted by Huey, 218, 251; early life of, 17–20; during impeachment, 182, 187, 188; inheritance tax, 197; Irby’s threats, 214; irritating to Huey, 95; opposition to new state capitol, 218; Overton hearings, testimony against Huey, 330; political legacy, 531–33; reconciliation with Huey, 401; running for lieutenant governor over Huey’s opposition, 251; spoke for Fournet, 420; Williams endorsement recommendation, 198
Long, George (Shan) (brother), 17, 21–22, 30, 32, 33, 71, 91, 95, 99, 108
Long, George (uncle), 16, 50
Long, Helen (sister), 17
Long, Huey Pierce, Jr., 1–4, 238–40, 312–13, 420–23, 435–36; academic freedom, 236–37, 433; accomplishments, 258–60; acting to control patronage, 148–52; additional legislation, 407; Agricultural Adjustment Act, 358–59; airbase law, 161; Air Mail investigation, 449–52; and Alice Lee Grosjean, 163–64; American Progress newspaper, 374–75; Angola prison, 101, 105, 128, 206, 242–43, 259– 60; antipathy with Robinson, 266–71, 274–76, 295, 299, 307–9, 452, 453–55; arrest of, 33–34; assassination, events leading up to, 517–22; assassination of, 522–26; assault of in Shreveport, 96; attack on Harrison, 397–99, 405; autobiography of, 575; banking record, 354– 56; banking reform, 336–38, 347–49; bar exam, passes, 43; Baruch denounced, 275, 345–46, 453; Bernstein case, 96–98; Black people and Share Our Wealth, 500–502; Black’s bill to share the work, 343–44; bodyguards, 4, 163–64, 215, 284, 379–80, 414, 448, 454, 467, 528; break with Ewing and Sullivan, 169–70; break with Roosevelt, 442–43; campaigning for Roosevelt, 1932, 315–16; candidate for governor, 1924, 98–109; candidate for governor, 1928, 127–36; candidate for Railroad Commission, 1918, 64–67; candidate for U.S. Senate, 1930, 208–17; and Caraway, 296–311; Chaco war, 400; and Coolidge, 200–201; correspondent for newspa pers, 61; cotton and crop holiday plan, 253, 367, 390, 458, 512; cotton industry, 244–48; and Coughlin, 466–70; court challenge to severance tax, 157–58; courtship and marriage to Rose, 28–29, 33–34; criminal libel trial, 82–84; criticism of Roosevelt policies, 359–63; Cumberland telephone-rate increases, 78–79, 86–89; Cutting’s amendment to spare cuts in veteran programs, 351; and Cyr, 167–69, 249–50; debating Nor-man Thomas, 391; deficiency bill filibuster, August 1935, 516–17; delay the vote on the motion to extend the NRA by filibuster, 479–80; DeLoach case, 52–55; demagogue charge, 534–37; Democratic Convention of 1924, 118; Democratic Convention of 1928, 153; Democratic Convention of 1932, 255, 283–95; Des Moines speech, 466–67; DeSoto conference, 486–88; draft deferment in WWI, 65; Drake Relays, 466–67; DreherLeBoeuf murder case, 167–70; drinking, 95, 165–66, 361–62, 388; Dynamite Squad, 143–48, 172, 173, 176–78, 182, 187; early legislative success, 138–43; early life of, 14–25; early patterns in jobs and education, 26–38; eating habits, 165; Economy Act, 338– 41, 363; efforts to expel from U.S. Senate, 360–62, 396; elimination of the poll tax, 407, 409–10; elite and academics, 502–6; Emden incident, 201; Emergency Banking Act, 2–3, 338, 352, 358– 59, 363; events after death, 527–33; Every Man A King, 375; factors offering clues to clash with Roosevelt, 364–72; Farley investigation, 449–55, 473–74; farm bill offered by Roosevelt, 1933, 341–43; fights as boy, 20; fight with Glass, 337; fight with Prophit, 126; fight with Sanders, 133; final Senate report on the Overton election, 387–88; first four months in the Senate, 293–95; focus on influencing the Louisiana legislature, 152–54; Frazier-Lemke bill, 404–6; free schoolbooks, 142–45, 157–61; funeral of, 527; Galveston rate case, 122–23; gambling of, 31–33; gambling raids, 155–57, 160, 171; gamesmanship, 57, 90–91, 330; Georgia House of Representatives, 449; and Gerald L. K. Smith, 394–96; gerrymander of Pavy, 519; Glass bill, 320–26, 347–49; governor’s mansion, 166–67; gubernatorial race in 1920, 75; gubernatorial run of 1923–24, 98–109; gubernatorial run of 1927–28, 128–36; Harper trial, 62–64; hearings on Huey’s charges against Parker, 81–82; highway program, 147– 48, 158–59, 203, 205, 217, 219–20, 264– 66, 279, 293–94; historical context of birth, 8–10; honeymoon (second) with Rose, 434; honorary degree, 228; Hurja’s poll, 474–75; Ickes controversies, 463–64; impeachment, 173–92; indictment, 82–84; infidelity, 163–64, 567nn46–47; influence in the Louisiana legislature, 1928, 151–52; influence in the Louisiana legislature, 1929, 186–92; influence in the Louisiana legislature, 1930, 203–7; influence in the Louisiana legislature, 1932, 281–83, 291–92; influence in the Louisiana legislature, 1934, 401, 407–10, 412–14, 436–39; influence in the Louisiana legislature, 1935, 485– 86, 519–22; inquiry into taxes, 331–32, 333, 362, 424–26; intellectual fearlessness, 370; intelligence of, 364–68; intervention to veto Hodges, 223; investigation into death, 528–29; Johnson’s speech denouncing, 452–55; Ku Klux Klan, denounced by Huey, 413–14; Ku Klux Klan, opposing gubernatorial candidacy in 1924, 107–8; Labor Day speech, Oklahoma City, 1935, 518–19; LaFollette-Costigan bill, 263; and Land’s campaign for Louisiana Supreme Court, 80; law book collections, 32, 49–50, 57, 184, 187, 288, 495, 570n59; law practice, 51–58, 91–98; law school, Oklahoma, 30–33; law school, Tulane, 39–43; lawyer skill sets learned, 58; libel and slander suits against, Ansell, 333; libel and slander suits against, Parker, 82–84; list of impeachment charges, 178–79; Long-Robinson banking amendment, 336–38; Louisiana Constitutional Convention of 1898, 45–46; Louisiana Constitutional Convention of 1921, 77–80; Louisiana Progress, 374; Louisiana Railroad Commission campaign of 1918, 64–67; Louisiana Railroad Commission campaign of 1924, 119–20; Louisiana’s political war in 1934, 410–15; Louisiana Supreme Court seats, 419–20; Manship impeachment charge, 183–87, 190–91; meeting Roosevelt for the first time, 313–15; and Mickal, 429–30; Mississippi gubernatorial elections, 243, 498– 99; murder-plot hearing, 447–49; My First Days in the White House, 496, 504; National Industrial Recovery Act, 344–47, 359; national political trends, 1904–1918, 45–49; national press first notices Huey, Emden incident, 200– 202; natural gas for New Orleans, 145– 47; negative press, 1933, 373–74; negotiation failure with Walmsley, 1931, 441; negotiation success with Walmsley, 1931, 243; new capitol building, 200; New Orleans mayoral election of 1921, 80; New Orleans mayoral election of 1925, 120–21; New Orleans mayoral election of 1929, 198; New Orleans mayoral election of 1934, 383, 385–87; obtained his law license, 49–50; oil pipeline regulations, 68–73, 75–77, 88– 89; oil tax, 144–45, 172, 173–76, 195, 278, 282, 439, 452; Overton campaign, 311–12; Overton hearings, 326–31, 381– 82; Patman bill, 470–73; pension proposal, 444–45; personal friends and political associates as governor, 162–66; Philadelphia speech, 459; physical appearance, 166, 388; planned political career, 43–45; “Policy of Ingratitude and Death, A” speech, 442; political hangover after Sands Point and electoral defeats, 400–401; political heirs, 529–33; political machine built by, 427–29; politicization of LSU, 234–38; poll tax abolition, 407, 409–10; Public Service Commission, 85–90, 118–20, 121–23; racial slurs, 170, 500–501, 599n24, 620n39; radio speeches, 245, 298, 307, 340, 386, 393, 417, 444, 449, 459, 462– 63, 471–73, 482, 486, 518, 519; railroad reform bill, 1933, 349, 359; Ramos gin fizz, 487; reading habits, 19–20, 40–41, 264, 266–67, 367–68; recall efforts against legislators after impeachment, 195; rehabilitation of after impeachment, 197–200; rehabilitation of after Sands Point in Louisiana, 388–89; rehabilitation of in the Senate, 397–406; relationship with LSU, 223–41; relevance of today, 539–41; remarks about the relief bills, 1932, 263–64; reply to Johnson’s speech, 455–59; republican form of government, Louisiana, 485–88; retiring historical caricature of, 537–39; Reveille controversy, 429–34; revenue bills, 1932, 281–83; roads program, 160–62, 219–21; Roosevelt’s inauguration, 335; Roosevelt’s patronage ban, 359–60, 379, 426–27; Roosevelt stealing Huey’s thunder, 478–83; Round Robin, 190–91; as salesman/ salesmanship, 26–35; Sands Point charity dinner incident, 377–78; school appropriations, Louisiana, 221–22, 408– 10; Second New Deal of 1935, 483–85; Senate race of 1926, 123–27; Senate race of 1930 against Ransdell, 208–17; Senate race of 1932 supporting Over-ton, 250–54; Senate session of 1934, 384–85, 401–6; severance tax on natural resources, 77–80; Share Our Wealth, 390–96, 455–59, 506–12; and Simpson, 127–28, 131–32, 135–36; sleep habits, 165; Social Security debate, 1935, 480– 81; soldiers’ bonus, 389, 469–77, 520; sound plane, 498; sound trucks, 300; in South Carolina, 460; speech denouncing Ansell, 332–33; speeches of 1935, 467–68; split with Francis Williams, 123–27; Square Dealers, 446–48; Standard Oil compromise, 439–40, 452; Stanley investigation, 331; St. Lawrence waterway treaty, 396–97; success of compared to Parker, 255–59; support for Roosevelt, 1932, 273–74; Supreme Court preliminary suspension of severance tax, 171–72; surrender of opposition after Senate election of 1930, 217– 18; sworn in as junior senator, January 1932, 261–62; tax bill debate in the Senate, 1932, 276–79; Tax Reform Commission recommendations, 379; tax resolutions to increase rates on income and inheritances, 267, 319, 384–85; telegram with plans to speak, January 1935, 441; third party, 466–67, 497, 519; truce with Robinson, 1933, 333, 406; U.S. attorney appointment, 1917, 61–62; and veterans, 349–51, 359, 363, 470–77; vice hearings in New Orleans in 1935, 415– 18; visiting New York, 91, 265, 339–40, 375–77, 444, 487, 498; Warren’s All the King’s Men, 194, 231, 436, 495–96, 503, 535, 541; Watson-Williams bridge syndicate, 121–22; Whangdoodle controversy, 224; whether Huey could have become president, 533–34; willingness to pay the price to win, 193–94; Win or Lose Company, 491–94; workers’ compensation law amendments, 59–61; work relief bill, 451, 459–60; World Court treaty, 445–46, 448
Long, Huey Pierce, Sr. (Old Hu) (father), 16–18, 22, 23–24, 90, 95, 299
Long, James (grandfather), 16
Long, Julius (brother), 1–2, 33–35, 251–52;
campaign contributions, 104, 129; as campaign manager for Huey’s Railroad commissioner bid, 66–67; and Camp-bell, 71–72; collection cases to Huey’s law practice, 52; criminal libel trial, 82; early life of, 17–19; Harper trial, 63; as Huey’s law partner, 49–50, 91–93; impeachment, 179; and Land’s campaign for Louisiana Supreme Court, 80; law school loan to Huey, 39; Overton hearings, 330; Round Robin, 190; spoke for Porter, 420; and Stubbs, 75; testimony against Huey, 330; U.S. attorney appointment, 61–62
Long, Lucille (sister), 17, 252
Long, Olive (sister), 17–18, 21
Long, Otho (cousin), 187
Long, Palmer Reid (son), 82
Long, Rose (daughter), 65, 236, 369, 434, 448
Long, Rose (née McConnell), 28–29, 33– 34, 39–42, 50, 65–66, 98, 105, 136, 153, 164–65, 183, 191–92, 199, 288, 315, 316, 418, 434, 503, 520, 524, 529, 557n68, 567n47, 625n27
Long, Russell (son), 163–64, 237, 245, 279, 423, 479, 490, 494, 524, 526, 532–33
Long, Wade (cousin), 81, 214
Longworth, Alice Roosevelt, 504
Looney, Frank, 288
Lorio, Cecil, 495, 524–28
Lost Cause of the Civil War, 12–13, 108
Lost Leaders, 82, 275, 537
Louisiana Bar Association, 331, 429
Louisiana Constitution, 40, 79–80, 139, 149, 154, 182, 186, 188
Louisiana Democratic Association, 194, 312
Louisiana Farmers Union (LFU), 14
Louisiana Police Jurors Association, 203
Louisiana populists, definitive analysis, 110, 560n51
Louisiana Progress, 202, 204, 207, 211, 213, 220, 249, 252–53, 374
Louisiana Railroad Commission, 64
Louisiana’s Board of Pardons, 167–68
Louisiana State Archives, 528
Louisiana State Central Committee, 153, 288–89
Louisiana State Museum, 409
Louisiana State University (LSU), 2, 25, 223–41; academic freedom, 236, 433; anti-Longs, 240–41; Board of Supervisors, 223, 225–26, 228; and Coach Cohen, 249, 312–13; and Embree, 434–35; expansion plans and Huey’s impact on, 227–34; football, 226–27, 238–40, 249, 312–13, 420–23, 435–36; and Hodges, 223; Huey’s plan to publicize, 249; law school, 235, 237; LSU band, 4, 199, 233, 238, 255, 312, 422, 484; LSU songs, 485–86; medical school, 227–29, 232– 35, 273; politicization of, 234–38; pool, 229–30, 238; program to increase enrollment, 519; Reveille controversy, 429–34, 539; Smith grafting from, 530; vision for, 255–56; and Warren, 436. See also Frey, Fred C.; Jones, Lawrence M. “Biff ”; Kennedy, Kemble K.; Maes, Urban; Mickal, Abe; Middleton, Troy; Tullis, Robert Lee; Uhler, John
Louisiana Tax Commission, 421
Lovett, Robert Morss, 467
Loyola University, 228, 438
LSU Press, 231
LSU School of Dentistry and Pharmacy at New Orleans, 437
Lucas, Scott, 288–89, 410
Lundeen, Ernest, 499
lynchings, 13, 47–48, 99, 535. See also anti-lynching bill
MacArthur, Douglas, 299, 313
Mackie, James, 16
Macon Ridge Journal (newspaper), 66
Maes, Urban, 235, 524–26
Maestri, Robert, 129–30, 254, 368; banquet committee, 139; campaign contributor, 1928, 129; Conservation Commission, 151, 197; friendship with, 163; impeachment support to Huey, 180, 187; IRS investigation, 425; lunch with Roosevelt, 530; mayor of New Orleans after Huey’s death, 530; nominating candidates, 527; Overton hearings, 329; political legacy, 530–31; to replace Irion as Conservation Commissioner, 170; slot machines, 490; Williams endorsement, 198
Magnolia, 300
Maines, George, 374–75, 434, 502–3
Maloney, Paul, 81, 120–21, 123–25, 127, 130, 135–36, 198, 210, 212, 217, 368, 418, 530, 531
malt syrups tax, 221
Mann, Robert, 234
Mann Act, 77
Manship, Charles, 175, 179
Manship impeachment charge, 183–87, 190–91
Manufacturer’s Association, 281
March of Time newsreel service, 461–62
Mardi Gras, 13, 86, 99, 139, 238, 255, 265, 563n4
Marland, E. W., 518
Marshburn, Otis, 498
Martin, Frank, 518
Martin, Wade, 311, 312, 521, 531
Maverick, Maury, 499, 534, 614n28
mayoral elections, New Orleans. See under New Orleans, LA
MBR, 492–94
McAdoo, William Gibbs, 272, 284, 287, 290
McCain, Charles, 251–52, 376, 384
McCall, S. H., 31
McCarran, Pat, 451, 459, 470, 479
McCarthy, Joseph, 535–36
McClanahan, J. E., 126, 141, 183–84, 194, 206
McConnell, Aline (sister-in-law), 92, 95
McConnell, Dave (brother-in-law), 65, 104, 214–15
McDowell, John, 145, 153
McFarland, W. M., 144
McGuffey Reader, 301–2
McGugin, Dan, 422, 436
McGuire, David, 430–31
McGuire, Jack, 529, 532
McIntyre, Marvin, 426
McKellar, Kenneth, 262, 266–67, 475–76, 537
McKeown, Henry, 524
McKinley, William, 15, 43, 422
McKinney, Karen J. S., 116
McLaughlin, Leo, 434
McManus, Alex, 143, 514
McQuiston, George, 163, 214, 523
McShane, Andrew, 80, 85, 121, 416
McSween, Harold, 230–31, 240
MeHaffey, James, 439
Mellon, Andrew, 498, 506
Memphis, TN, 30, 33–34
Memphis Commercial Appeal, 182
Mena, AK, 316
Mencken, H. L., 287, 395–96
Meraux, Louis A. “Doc,” 156–57, 312, 428
Merrick, Edward T., 42, 91
Merrigan, Lawrence, 388, 442
Mer Rouge, 99–100
Messages and Papers of the President, 264
Messina, Joe, 163, 251–52, 282, 523
Michel, John T., 48, 70, 78–79, 85
Mickal, Abe, 429–30, 435–36
Middleton, Troy, 431, 434
Middleton, Troy H., 225, 229, 231
Mills, Ogden, 276, 335–36
Milner, P. M., 221
Milwaukee, WI, 377–78
Minden, LA, 380
minimum wages, 9, 45, 131, 344, 357, 483
Minsky, Hyman, 353–54
Mississippi, 16, 38, 112–13, 116, 169, 243, 247, 251–52, 272, 289, 374, 423, 498–99
Mississippi River Bridge, 462–63, 520, 534
Mississippi Riverfront festival, 197
Moley, Raymond, 333, 335–36, 338, 365, 366, 371–72, 389, 453, 517
Molony, Guy “Machine Gun,” 416–18
money supply, 16, 354–56, 362–63, 367, 403, 467, 510–11, 513
Monroe, Frank A., 42
Monroe, J. Blanc, 86–87, 128
Monroe, LA, 27, 89, 99, 112, 119–20, 380
Monroe Doctrine, 446, 448
Monroe Star (newspaper), 66
Montet, Numa, 197, 212, 217, 426–27, 486
Moody, Dan, 425, 452, 465
Moore, Bernie, 436
Moore, Daniel D., 397–99, 403, 405
Morehouse Parish, 99–100, 135
Morgan, Cecil, 143, 176–78, 182–83, 215, 218, 428, 540
Morgan, Louis, 190
Morgenthau, Henry, Jr., 341, 385, 389, 424, 425, 450–51, 469, 475, 513, 520
Morris, Robert, 108
Moses, Charles W., 319
Moses, Hamilton, 276
Moses, Robert, 455
Moss, Cass, 49–50, 54, 92
Moss, Mike, 129, 414–15, 466
Mullen, Arthur, 287–88
Mulrooney, Edward P., 377
Muncie, IN, 379
municipal regulation, 428–29
munitions bill, 487
murder-plot hearing, 447–48
Murphy, Frank, 520
Murray, William H. (Alfalfa Bill), 233, 244– 45, 273, 287, 290–91, 498
Mutual Life Insurance Company, 166
My First Days in the White House (Long), 496, 518
NAACP, 213
Nashville, TN, 421–22
Nation, 153, 499
National Association of Railway and Utility Commissioners, 89
National Conference of Governors, 178
National Credit Corporation (NCC), 252
National Economy League, 339
National Emergency Council, 449
National Governor’s Conference, 160, 366
National Guard, 3, 100, 139, 155–57, 160, 169–71, 216, 249, 401, 408, 411–12, 436, 442, 447
National Industrial Recovery Act, 6, 344– 45, 352
National Mathematics Magazine, 240
National Recovery Administration (NRA), 344–47, 352, 367, 376, 383; approaching fascism, 505; force disclosure of data about employees of the, 396; Huey’s critique of, 355–57, 455–56, 462–63; Huey’s reply to Johnson, 455– 56; and Johnson, 452–53; newspaper code, 432–33; oil codes, 400; set to expire, 478–79; Supreme Court decision, 477, 483; taken over by big business, 356–59
National Rivers and Harbors Congress, 326
National Union for Social Justice, 469
National Youth Administration, 482
natural gas, 74, 77, 125, 131, 136, 138–39, 142–47, 206, 217, 256, 259, 561n32
NEA (Press) Service, 136
Neiman, Al, 498
Nesbitt, John, 33
Never-Fail kerosene home oilcans, 51
Nevins, Allan, 375
New Deal, 2–3, 6–7, 248; curtailment of state power, 438; economic recovery under, 533; first New Deal, 335–51; judicial tyranny of Supreme Court, 539; municipalities to apply for debt readjustment, 463; second New Deal, 483– 84; and Talmadge, 449; wages for New Deal projects, 518
New Freedom, 44
New Mexico, 426, 533
New Nationalism, 43–44
New Orleans, LA, 213–18, 219; bills to remove patronage from, 485; Black voters in, 501; campaign headquarters in, 129– 30; cotton industry, 244–45; Cumber-land telephone-rate increases, 78, 86– 89; Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, 127–28; gubernatorial race of 1923, 103–9; gubernatorial race of 1932, 250– 54; historical context, 10–14; Huey’s law school days in, 39–43; illegal entertainments in, 155, 160; and the Klan, 99; LSU medical school, 234; mayoral election in 1921, 80; mayoral election in 1925, 120–21; mayoral election in 1929, 198; mayoral election in 1934, 383, 385– 87; natural gas, 146–47; police bill, 438; power bills, 437; Public Service Commission, 121–23; public works money, 426; Senate race of 1932, 250–54; slot machines in, 489–90; vice investigation in, 410–12, 415–18
New Orleans Athletic Club, 438
New Orleans Bar Association, 331
New Orleans Dock Board, 142, 195, 199, 210, 424
New Orleans Item (newspaper), 103, 105–6, 108–9, 118, 176, 211, 215, 245, 248
New Orleans Police and Fire departments, 463
New Orleans Public Service, Inc., 146–47
New Orleans Ring, 46–47, 49, 71, 73–75, 80, 105, 109, 114, 120–21, 124, 126, 127– 28, 139, 151, 211, 242–43, 258, 560n7. See also Old Regulars
New Orleans’s racetrack, 107, 397
New Orleans States (newspaper), 120–21, 130, 146
New Orleans Stock Exchange, 380
New Orleans Times-Picayune (newspaper), 104, 105, 109, 118, 124, 126, 136, 161, 168, 175, 205, 299, 328, 373–74, 490
New Regulars, 85, 98, 101–2, 103, 121, 169– 70
New Republic magazine, 395, 467
newspaper code, NRA, 432–33
newspapermen getting beaten up, 378
newspapermen taking flash pictures, 409
newspaper tax, 408–9, 431–32
Newsweek magazine, 372
New York, 14, 91, 249, 265, 271–72, 285, 313–15, 325, 336–37, 339–40, 375–77, 444, 489, 500–502
New York Daily News (newspaper), 468
New Yorker (magazine), 376–77, 503–4
New York Herald Tribune (newspaper), 265
night-school program, 221, 266, 376
Nixon-Moynihan plan, 533 N. K. Fairbank Company of Chicago, 27
Noble, Robert, 498
Noe, James A., 254, 425, 490–92, 494, 521, 527, 529–32
“nominal” Democrats, 291, 295, 363
Norman, OK, 30–31
Norris, George W.: appropriation bill, 284; banking bill, 348; consensus building, 362; excise taxes, 279; farm bill, 342– 43; Frazier-Lemke bill, 404; Huey endorsing Roosevelt, 273; Huey’s nomination suggestion, 270; Huey’s relationship with, 270, 277, 294, 362, 367, 584n97; LaFollette-Costigan bill, 263; meeting Huey, 262; National Industrial Recovery Act, 347; nomination of Woodin, 335; old-age pensions, 480; public works appropriations, 396; railroad’s lobbying efforts, 268; and Roosevelt, 442; Senate Finance Committee, 277; soldiers’ bonus, 474, 475; support of Roosevelt, 318–20; tariff policy, 362; third party, views against, 500; utility company misconduct, 292
North, John Ringling, 420
North Carolina, 112, 246–47, 281, 283
North Dakota, 315–16
Nourmahal (yacht), 467, 473
Nugent, Jess (cousin), 164, 229
Nye, Gerald, 396, 469, 475, 499–500, 594n75
O’Brien, John, 376
Obvious Adams (fictional character), 538
occupational license tax on oil, 173, 282
Ochsner, Alton, 234–35
O’Connor, James, 212, 217, 369, 418, 469, 521–25, 528
O’Connor, Thomas I., 103
Odom, Frank, 129, 184, 243
Odom, John Fred, 446–47, 527
O’Donnell, Alexander, 373–74
O’Dwyer, Rudy, 169
Ogilvy, David, 37
O’Hara, Joseph A., 149, 170, 210, 329
Ohio, 281
Ohio Oil Company, 145, 158
oil and gas industry: excise tax on, 294; freezeouts, 68–73, 76, 88, 115, 178, 277, 553n18, 556n17; oil codes, NRA, 401; oil pipeline companies, 88–89; oil pipeline regulations and legislation, 68–76, 146– 47; oil tax, 144–45, 172, 173–76, 195, 278, 282, 439, 452; oil wells, 491–94; severance tax on, 198, 203, 257; as source of campaign money, 490–95
O’Keefe, Arthur, 124, 130, 139, 146
Oklahoma, 30–33, 69–70, 255
Oklahoma Baptist University, 30–32
Oklahoma City, OK, 31–32, 518
old-age pensions, 385, 390, 392, 437, 444–45, 470, 480, 482
Old Regulars, 46–47, 118–21, 124, 127–28, 139, 172, 441; announced opposition to Huey’s program, 1930, 204; committee memberships, 1928, 141; Constitutional League, 196; corruption of, 115; dummy candidates, 216, 329; and Dynamite Squad, 143; endorsement of Fuqua, 1924 campaign for governor, 101–2; highway bond program, 158–59, 171, 173; Huey’s alliance with, 1932, 251; Huey’s alliance with, ended in 1933, 379, 383; impeachment, 187; influence of, 243; interfered with Huey’s campaign, 216; New Orleans elections, 383– 87, 416–18; New Orleans’s police, 438; Overton campaign, 311; proposed merger, 169–70; and Ransdell, 209; reorganization of the New Orleans Police Department, 412; split between the state machine and, 130; stolen votes, 428; surrender of, 486; victory over, 427
Olson, Floyd, 258, 466, 534
O’Mahoney, Joseph C., 451
O’Malley, Clint, 380
O’Niell, Charles, 57, 138, 168, 187, 190, 568n69
Opelousas, LA, 112, 529
organized labor. See labor
Original Southport Inn, 169
Orleans Democratic Association, 74
Orleans Levee Board, 195
Orleans Parish Levee Board, 148–49
O’Rourke, Fred, 447–48
Orr, Charles, 519
Ortiz, Stephen, 359
Oser, Fred, 190
Oulahan, Richard, 287
“Our Constant Rulers” speech, 348
Overton, John H., 59, 94, 221, 298, 326–32, 527; asked to bar Ansell, 401; campaign for Senate, 311–12; endorsed Huey for Railroad commissioner, 66; Highway Commission (toll bridges), 199; impeachment, as one of Huey’s lawyers, 190–91; impeachment, speech supporting Huey, 182; old-age pensions, 480; opening rally in Alexandria, 129; Over-ton committee, 333, 381; replaced Aswell as congressman, 242; replacement by Dear as congressman, 426; Senate report on the Overton election, 387; severance tax rate, 83; speeches during impeachment, 182; speeches supporting Huey for governor, 129; St. Lawrence Seaway Treaty, 397; work relief bill, 459–60
Overton, Winston, 97, 419–20
Owen, Russell, 445, 449
Palmer, Benjamin M., 13
Palmer, James G., 82–83, 96, 98
Palmer, Mitchell, 99
Paraguay, 400, 445, 520
Parker, Fred, 447–48
Parker, John M., 75–80, 98–101, 212; adverse press, 211; civil service provision for New Orleans, 85; comparison to Huey, 255–60; Constitutional League, 196; criminal libel trial, 82–84; Democratic National Convention, 255, 283, 286; free speech, 432; Good Government League, 47–48; Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, 128; gubernatorial candidate in 1916, 48–49; gubernatorial candidate in 1920, 74–75; highways, 115–17, 255–56; IRS investigation, 424; Ku Klux Klan, war with, 255–59; lobby to remove Fournet as speaker, 203; new case against Huey before the Elections Committee, 401; oil-pipeline bill, 147; patronage, 80, 151; petition to have Huey expelled from the Senate, 396; plan to expand LSU, 224; Railroad Commission, 81–82; severance tax rate, 77, 79, 81, 84, 258; state offices, 197; Weiss’s funeral, 527
Parsons, KS, 316
Patman, Wright, 470–73
“Patrician as Opportunist, The” (Hofstadter), 325
patronage, 3, 62, 80, 124–25, 169, 183, 256, 339, 362, 388, 397, 399, 437, 488; arguments, pro and con, 148–51, 505; bills designed to increase, 428–29, 437; bills to remove patronage from New Orleans, 485; Constitutional League, 196; Farley investigation, 450; patronage appointees, 5; patronage ban by Roosevelt, 359–60, 373, 379, 426–27; patronage expenditures, 132; patronage workers, 46, 74, 114, 131, 194–95, 198, 210, 329, 405, 428
Patterson, Cissy, 502
Pavy, Benjamin F., 312, 519–22, 528–29
payas-you-go road construction, 115–16, 134
Payne, J. L., 73
Pearson, Drew, 400, 451, 474, 517, 530
Pecora, Ferdinand, 348, 461
Pecot, Charles L., 130
Peek, George, 341, 346, 453
Pegler, Westbrook, 325
Peiser, Rabbi Walter, 174
Pelley, William Dudley, 395, 602n23
Peltier, Harvey, 190, 210, 298, 327, 375
Pendergast, Tom, 313–14
Pennsylvania, 316
Perault, George, 177
Perez, Leander, 182, 190–91, 407, 428, 437, 532
Perrault, George K., 143, 401
Peterman, Frank, 149, 370, 463, 488
Peyton, Rupert, 22, 410
Pharr, John N., 15, 46
Phelps, Esmond, 105, 182, 196, 203, 205
Philadelphia, PA, 459
Philadelphia Record, 403
Philippines, 320
Philpot, C. E., 308
pick-and-shovel workers, 210
Piketty, Thomas, 513
Pilsbury, May, 212
Pine Bluff, 308–9
Pine Island, 68–73, 76, 88, 115, 145, 277
Pines Hotel, 308
Pipkin, Charles W., 230
Pittman, Key, 337, 453
Pittsburg, KS, 316
plantation owners, 2, 11–12
planters, 12, 14, 45–47, 114, 244–45, 316, 500
Plaquemines Parish, 217, 312, 428
Pleasant, Mrs. Ruffin, 145, 154, 212, 284, 287, 360–61, 401–2, 405
Pleasant, Ruffin, 60, 106, 124, 212; Democratic National Convention, 255, 283, 286; Democratic State Central Committee, 139; and Fuqua, 101; gubernatorial candidate and election, 1916, 48–49; Louisiana Constitution of 1921, refusal to sign, 80; new case against Huey before the Elections Committee, 401; oil regulations, 70–71; and the Ring, 74; rival delegation to Democratic National Convention, 1928, 153; and Sanders, 121–22; severance tax rate, 81, 83
Plessy v. Ferguson, 159
police bill (New Orleans), 438
police jurors (Baton Rouge takeover), 437, 446
“Policy of Ingratitude and Death, A” speech, 442
poll, commissioned by Emil Hurja, 474–75
poll taxes, 5, 46, 114, 115, 119, 407, 409–10, 423, 501
Ponder, Amos Lee, 529
poor whites, 10, 45–46, 232
Populist Party, 14–15, 46
Porter, Thomas F., 419–20
Porterie, Gaston, 312, 331, 373–74, 419, 429
Port of New Orleans, 123, 138, 200, 203, 217–18
Post, Emily, 233
potlikker, 232–33, 267, 293, 384
Pound, Ezra, 503
power laws, 412–13, 434, 450
power trusts, 303, 306–7
Pratt, F. B., 178
prison reforms, 242–43, 259–60
production for use, 459, 507, 513
Progressive (newspaper), 499–500
Progressive Party, 43, 48–49
progressives, 49, 294, 320, 336, 338, 347, 348, 534; branch banking, 323–24; characteristics, 256; concentrating authority and accountability, 44, 256, 438; Farley investigation, 450; farm bill, 341–42; Huey endorsing Roosevelt, 273–74; impact of in Louisiana, 60; and the Klan, 101; LaFollette-Costigan bill, 263; Louisiana Constitution of 1921, 80; mobilization among, 499– 500; Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 262; Senate Finance Committee, 277; soldiers’ bonus, 290, 520; voted against the veterans, 363; work relief bill, 451
Prohibition, 85, 107, 118, 124, 126, 159, 262, 266, 272–73, 285, 312
property taxes, 379, 407, 437, 501
Prophit, Robert L., 126, 141, 561n35
prostitution, 11, 74, 415–16
public improvement programs, 196, 197–98, 210, 218, 232, 258–59, 464
public relations, 26, 59, 61, 196, 222, 242, 313, 373, 375, 388, 484
Public Service Commission, 80, 81–82, 84, 85–90, 93, 103, 106, 118–20, 121–27, 148, 207, 217, 252, 256, 257, 311–12, 428–29, 448–49
public utility companies, 88–89, 122, 330
public works, 47, 200, 318, 356, 359, 376; Brookings Institution, 503; cotton and crop holiday plan, 253, 367, 390, 458, 512; and Coyle, 392; debt moratorium laws, 441; deficit spending, 510–11; Economy Act, 340; Ickes threatened to cancel, 464; increase public works appropriations, 396; money distributed by Roosevelt on a political basis, 426; National Industrial Recovery Act, 344–47; and progressives, 499; project proposed by Philip LaFollete, 495; public works bill, 292
Public Works Administration (PWA), 434, 450, 463
Puerto Rico, 286
Purvis, Marshall, 297–99, 369
Pyramid Securities Company, 265
Querbes, Andrew, 185
racism, 45–49, 159, 170, 500–501, 505, 535, 599n24
radio speeches, 245, 298, 307, 340, 386, 393, 417, 444, 449, 459, 462–63, 471–73, 482, 486, 518, 519
raids by National Guard, 129, 155–57, 160, 169–71, 382, 408
Railroad Commission, 2, 45, 64, 69–70, 76, 80, 81, 91
railroad pensions, 516–17
railroad reform bill, 349, 359
Rainach, Willie, 532
Ransdell, Joseph E., 61–62, 100, 118–20, 124–25, 202, 208–17, 224, 259, 412, 574n1
Rayburn, Sam, 290
Reagan, Ronald, 539–40
Real Estate Investment Trusts, 507
recall elections, 192, 195–96
recession of 1937, 484
Reconstruction, 11–12, 13, 437
Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 262, 274, 292, 298, 322, 324, 328–29, 336, 348, 450
Redbook magazine, 452
Red River, 380
Reed, E. H., 250, 275, 283–84, 344, 347, 528
refinanced debts, 217, 274, 331, 531
Registrar of Voters Office, 411
regressive taxation, 359, 480, 483, 513
Reid, Frank, 326, 340, 369
Reid, Robert R., 82–83, 103, 361
relative influence of certain powerful democratic leaders in 1932, 314
relief, 76, 342, 428, 453; federal government bonds, 274; as a federal issue, 318; Federal Relief Administration, 340–41; Louisiana’s contribution to, 410; Old Regulars, 386; politicization of, 426, 463–64, 505, 539; relief bills, 257, 263– 64, 292, 293–94, 516; relief expenditures, 363; relief legislation, 335–36; work relief bill, 451, 459–60
religious bigotry, 107–8, 159
Reno, Milo, 342, 343, 466–67, 499
republican form of government, Louisiana, 485–88, 504
Republican Party, 49, 316, 487
resource-extraction taxes, 258
Reveille (newspaper), 429–34, 539
revenue bills, 1932, 282–83
revolution and social movement theories: generally, 110–14; grievances, 110–14; issue framing, 114–15; leadership, 115; mobilization, 114–15; political opportunities, 114–15; rising expectations, 116–17
Reyer, George, 330, 415–17, 490
Reynolds, Robert R., 336, 351, 464, 537
Rhoads, M. S., 491
Rhode Island, 487
Richardson, Seth, 361
Richland Paris, 99–100
Ridpath, John Clark, 19, 41
Rightor, Edward, 125, 182, 197, 327, 381, 398, 411, 442, 463
Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus, 420
Rise and Fall of American Growth, The (Gordon), 110–11
Ritchie, Albert, 273, 287
Riverside Inn, 169
Rivet, Charles J., 42, 57, 91, 151 roads, 111–17, 129–30, 133–34, 147–48, 158–59, 160–62, 197, 200, 203, 205, 210, 219–21, 255–56, 264–66. See also highway program
Roberts, Lawrence W., 450
Robinson, Arthur, 320, 377
Robinson, Joseph, 320, 403–6, 537; antipathy with Huey, 266–71, 274–76, 295, 299, 307–8, 452, 453–55; banking bill amendment, 336–38; banking reform bill, 321–26; and Caraway, 297–99; college educations, 461; Cutting’s amendment, 351; deficiency bill, 516–17; Democratic National Convention, 153; disclaimer about during Caraway campaign, 1932, 301; disclosure of data about employees of the NRA, 396; effect of Huey’s resurgence on, 1935, 452; escorted Huey to take the oath, 261–62; farm bill, 341–43; Huey endorsing Roosevelt, 273–74; National Industrial Recovery Act, 344–47; plan to combat the Depression, 274–76, 294; and Purvis, 298; radicals to split Roosevelt’s vote, 468, 487; rant against Huey, 1935, 453– 55; relief program, 294; Senate Finance Committee, 277; Senate session, 1932, 266–71; soldiers’ bonus veto, 475; truce with Huey, 1933, 333; work relief bill, 451, 460; World Court treaty, 445–46
Robinson, W. D., 196, 424, 569n12
Rockefeller, John D., 388, 506–7
Roden, Murphy, 163, 380, 518, 522–23, 528
Rogers, L., 52–54
Rogers, Will, 248, 289, 291, 321–22, 376, 378, 395, 430, 480, 481
Romer, Christina, 355–56
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 350, 370
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 2–3, 318–20, 373, 376, 403–6, 502–6; announced his candidacy for president, 1932, 261; banking bill, 335–38, 348–49; banking record, 354–56; banking reform bill, 321–26; brains, 364–67; comparison to Huey, 364–72; and Coughlin, 468–70; counterattacks, 461–62; courage, 370; Cutting’s amendment, 351–52; dealing with conflicts, 368–70; debt moratorium laws, 441; deficiency bill, 516–17; Democratic National Convention, 153, 284–91; denial of patronage to Huey, 359–60; denounced Huey privately, January 1932, 325; Economy Act, 338– 41; election of, 374; factors offering clues to clash with Huey, 364–72; Farley investigation, 449–55; farm bill, 341–43; fine!fine!fine! comment, 323; fireside chats, 337, 340, 360, 467–68; Frazier-Lemke bill, 404; Huey’s attack on Harrison, 399; Huey’s campaign for the White House, 497–500; Huey’s complete break with, 442–45; Huey’s criticism of Roosevelt policies, 360–63; Huey’s potential candidacy, 487–88; Huey’s reply to Johnson, 455–56; Hurja poll, 474–75; inflation, 342–43; IRS investigation, 424; in January, 1933, 323; lowest point of his presidency, 520; meeting Huey, about banking bill, 337; meeting Huey, after election, 1932, 319; meeting Huey, first meeting, 1932, 313– 16; meeting Huey, last meeting, 1934, 385; National Emergency Council, 449; National Governor’s Conference, 160; National Industrial Recovery Act, 344– 47; New Deal programs, 438; nomination of Moore, 397; nomination of Viosca, 397; and the NRA, 352, 356–59, 455–56; NRA newspaper code, 432–33; Old Regulars, 386–87; Patman bill, 470–72; patronage ban on Huey, 379, 426; personal growth, 367–68; plans to defeat Huey, 424–27, 452, 478–85, 488; politicization of relief, 463–64; potlikker, 233; presidential candidate, 271– 74; public works money, 426; Robin-son’s support for, 294; second Louisiana purchase, 530; Second New Deal of 1935, 483–85; Senate dissatisfaction with Roosevelt’s program, 343–44; soldiers’ bonus, 378, 389, 396, 406–7, 472–73, 475–77, 478; stealing Huey’s thunder, 478–83, 496, 504; St. Lawrence Seaway Treaty, 396; tax bill, 482, 484; veterans’ issues, 299, 349–50; withdrawal of WPA funds from Louisiana, 485–87; work relief bill, 459–60; World Court treaty, 446
Roosevelt, Sarah, 315
Roosevelt, Theodore, 43–44, 47–49, 150–51, 271, 364–65, 370, 394
Roosevelt Hotel, 123, 133, 163, 164, 214–15, 228, 233, 361, 415–17, 424, 427–28, 485– 87, 519, 531, 625n27
Rosenman, Sam, 366
Rotary Club luncheon, 1, 309
Round Robin, 190–94, 203, 206
Roy, E. P., 380, 447, 524, 529
Roy, Victor L., 234–35
royalties on oil leases, 491–93
Russell, Richard, 246, 365, 516–17
Russellville, AK, 309
Ruston, LA, 380
Safire, William, 393
Saint, Percy, 137, 149, 158–60, 167–68, 171, 181, 197, 198, 207, 214 sales taxes, 276
Sanders, Bernie, 513
Sanders, John Milton, 47, 131, 139, 153, 286–88, 486
Sanders, J. Y., Jr., 83, 123–25, 127–28, 133, 383; constitutional convention bill, 205; defeated Huey’s efforts, 428; defeat of Wilson, 401; Dynamite Squad, 143; gubernatorial candidates, 103; impeachment, 176; against improvements despite election of 1930, 218; incompetence of the impeachers, 189; murder-plot hearing, 448; patronage, 183; and Pleasant, 121–22; replacement of Kemp with, 426–27; Reveille controversy, 429–30; and the Ring, 74; tick eradication conference, 174–75; Weiss’s funeral, 527
Sanders, J. Y., Sr., 151, 203, 211, 255, 283
Sanderson, E. L., 93, 148, 524
Sandlin, John, 59, 95, 244, 426, 428, 486, 527–28, 530
Sands Point, NY incident, 377–79, 388, 400, 406
Saturday Evening Post, 45, 63, 82, 266–67, 275, 310, 342, 519, 537, 538
Savoie, Clarence, 130
Sayes, Clinton, 177, 184
Schall, Thomas D., 347, 479, 527
Scheiffler, E. R., 465
Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 6, 349, 352, 357–58, 369, 392, 534
school funding, 142, 408–9
Schwartz, Delmore, 232, 352
Schwellenbach, Lewis B., 479, 516–17
Scott, John W., 115–16
Seabury Commission, New York, 414
SEC legislation, 400
secondary education, 221–22
second Louisiana purchase, 530
Second New Deal of 1935, 3, 483–85, 520, 537
Securities and Exchange Commission, 349, 359
Seelye, Stuart, 85
Senate Banking Committee, 336, 348–49
Senate Finance Committee, 276–79, 345, 398, 532
senatorial privilege from libel, 333
separation-of-powers doctrine, 154
severance tax, 74, 147; correcting problem pointed out by Supreme Court, 173; court challenge to, 157–58; and LeB-lanc, 382; and LSU, 255; on natural resources, 77–80, 198, 203, 206, 257; and Parker, 258; proposed change to, 144–45; revenue for LSU, 224; revenue from oil, 439; revenues from land previously undeveloped, 491; revenues from lease 309, 493; severance tax bill, 77, 79, 81; severance tax statute, 83–84
Share Our Wealth, 390–96, 506–13, 533; and Black people, 500–502; competition enhanced, 512; and Coughlin, 468–70; crop-holiday plan, 390, 458, 512; distinguished from bureaucratic benefits, inflation, the NRA, and socialism, 390–92; education, 3, 390, 461, 482, 512; homesteads, guarantee of, 390–91, 457, 482, 507, 510–11; income, minimum, 3, 7, 391, 458, 482, 511–13, 533; influenced relief spending, 483; mobilization among groups, 497–501; movement’s growth, 474–75; pensions, old-age, 3, 385, 390, 392, 456, 461, 466, 470, 480, 482, 512, 527, 532; SOW societies, 394, 458, 497; wealth confiscated from the capital levy tax, 506–7; workweek, shortened, 7, 343, 367, 512, 513. See also public works; veterans’ issues and benefits
Shaughnessy, Clark, 41, 436
Shawnee, OK, 30
shell contractors, 219
Sherer, L. F., 207
Sherman Anti-Trust Act, 44
Shipstead, Henrik, 268
Shooter’s Station, 65
Shoreham Hotel, 483, 484
Shouse, Jouett, 286, 289
Shreveport, LA, 29, 33–34, 42, 61, 79, 91– 98, 99, 112, 160–61, 164, 166, 169, 185, 188, 212, 246, 394–95
Shreveport Chamber of Commerce, 69, 161
Shreveport Journal (newspaper), 79, 175
Shreveport Railway Company, 89
Shreveport Times (newspaper), 71, 79, 120–21, 130
Shugg, Roger, 12
Shushan, Abraham, 195, 197, 243, 424, 465, 495, 531
Simmons, D. J., 491
Simon, James, 167–68
Simpson, John, 342
Simpson, Oramel, 127–28, 130, 131–32, 135–36, 140–42, 149, 182, 190, 194
Sinclair, Upton, 504
Sindler, Allan P., 112, 253, 257–58, 394, 413, 427
Sioux Falls, SD, 315–16
Sioux Falls Argus-Leader (newspaper), 316
Skipwith, J. K., 99–100
slot machines, 489–90, 495
Smith, Al, 153, 159, 224, 257, 261, 265, 272–73, 284, 287, 290, 295, 371–72, 504, 534
Smith, Ellison D. “Cotton Ed,” 341, 403–4, 516–17
Smith, Gerald L. K., 388, 394–96, 397, 460, 499, 527
Smith, James Monroe, 225–26, 230, 234–36, 240, 313, 368, 530–31
Smith, Jim, 430–31
Smith, Kate, 470
Smith, Webster, 340
Smoot, Reed, 277, 292, 319
Snyder, Jeff, 130, 173–74, 176, 568n5
socialism, 15, 390–91, 513
social movements. See revolution and social movement theories
Social Security, 3, 480–81, 513, 516–17, 532
Sokolsky, Benjamin, 505
soldiers’ bonus, 305, 458; compromise soldiers’ bonus, 461; and Coughlin, 453, 469; as defining issue, 389; Patman bill, 470–73; and progressives, 499; and Roosevelt, 290, 476, 520; speech on, 377–78, 471–73; Thomas inflation compromise, 342–43; veto of, 406–7, 472– 73, 475–77, 478, 533; World War I veterans gathered in Washington, 299
Songy, Sydney, 446–47
sound planes, 498
sound trucks, 107, 210–11, 300, 308, 311, 315, 370, 400, 422, 498
South Carolina, 247, 460
South Dakota, 315–16
Southeastern Louisiana Colleges at Hammond, 148
Southern Baptists, 12–13
Southern Historical Association, 231
Southern Methodist, 420–21, 606n88
Southern Pacific Railway Lines, 206–7
Southern Review, 230–32, 240, 433
Southern Sentinel, 22, 29
Southwestern Gas and Electric Company, 89, 93, 106
SOW. See Share Our Wealth
special legislative session(s), 3, 70–71, 81, 160–61, 172, 173, 185–86, 206, 217–18, 412–14, 423, 428–29, 436–39, 441, 449, 451–52, 463, 485, 519–20
Spencer, Mason, 143, 176, 177, 186, 188, 190, 218, 251, 428, 447, 464, 485, 495, 522
Spenser, Theodore, 231–32
Square Deal Association, 439, 441, 446–49, 486
Standard Oil Company, 2, 68–73, 88–89, 126, 569n12, 609n67, 610n12; automobile accusations, 189–91; compromise with, 506; dominating the NRA oil codes, 400; excise taxes, 277–78; gubernatorial candidates, 75; Huey impeached because he proposed to tax, 179–81; Huey’s speeches, 105–6; Huey sued, 93; Huey tried to tax, 257; layoffs, 439; oil tax, 173–74, 438–39; opposition, 172; part of the legislative process, 76– 77; proposed change in the severance tax., 144–45; severance tax, 79–80, 81, 83–84, 258; Square Dealers, 447–48; Standard Oil compromise, 439, 452; World Court treaty, 445
Stanley, Eugene, 243, 331–32, 361, 373–74, 383, 409, 492
state bank examiner, 204, 252, 322, 427
State Bar Association, 139
state charity hospitals, 350
state contractors, 5, 210, 428, 441, 488
state funds paid for roadwork in excess of federal funding, 113
state liquor control system, 409
State Mineral Board of Louisiana, 492–94
State Normal School in Natchitoches, 185
state speech tournament, 24–25
state Tax Commission, 137, 204, 379, 412, 437
state training school, 187
St. Bernard Country Club, 169
St. Bernard Parish, 155–56, 217, 253, 312, 428, 489
St. Charles Hotel, 417–18
St. Charles Parish, 415
St. Claire, Darrell, 375, 480
Steagall, Henry, 322–23
Steckler, A. P., 206
Stein, Max, 531
Steiwer, Richard Neuberger, 335, 339
Stephens, Edwin L., 235
Sterling, Ross, 245–46, 291
Stevens, Wallace, 232
Stevens, W. L., 62
St. Johns, Adela Rogers, 502
St. Lawrence Seaway Treaty, 396–97, 406
St. Louis, MO, 518
St. Louis Post Dispatch, 467
St. Martinsville, 134–35
stochastic terrorism, 535
stock market crash, 200, 209, 348, 352–54
Stone, Russell, 524–25
Storyville area, 74
St. Paul, John, Jr., 103–4
Stubbs, Frank P., 73–75, 140
stuffing ballot boxes, 287, 428
Suburban Gardens, 169
Suer, Charles, 329
Sugar Bowl, 435
sugar industry, 277, 294
sugar parishes, 47, 49, 74
sugar tariffs. See tariffs
Sullivan, John P., 80, 85, 98, 101, 121, 124–25, 129–30, 135, 136, 140, 149, 151–52, 169–71, 212, 397–98, 403
Sullivan, Mark, 318–19, 466
Swing, Raymond Gram, 433, 458, 504–5
Taft, William Howard, 43, 87
Talbot, Ed, 291, 361
Talmadge, Eugene, 245–46, 449, 505, 611n35
Tammany Hall, 271–72, 367–68, 414
Tannehill, Richard L., 15
tariffs, 15, 44, 47–49, 69, 131, 197, 212, 274, 277–78, 294, 297, 353, 403, 487
Tax Reform Commission, 379
Taylor, Peter, 232
Taylor, Shelby, 70, 78–79, 81, 123–24, 126
telephone-rate increases, 78–79, 81, 85–89, 120
Telser, Lester G., 355–56
tenant farmers, 14, 247, 358
Tennessean, 422
Tennessee, 451
Tennessee Valley Authority, 349, 359
Tennessee Valley Dam, 349, 359
Tenth Amendment, 519–20
Terrell, James, 213–16
Terriberry, George H., 42–43
Texas, 99, 133, 245–48
Texas Company, 68, 72, 75–76
Tharpe, William, 434
third party, 43–44, 271, 445, 459, 466–67, 469, 474, 483, 497, 499–500, 519
thirty-hour workweek, 343, 367
Thomas, Elbert, 431
Thomas, Elmer, 263, 266, 303, 321, 324, 336, 342–43, 356, 367, 377, 404, 469, 476, 513, 527
Thomas, Lee, 99, 119–20, 127, 131, 157–58, 213
Thomas, Norman, 391
Thompson, O. B., 66, 68, 72, 91, 99, 104, 108–9, 136
Thompson, William Hale “Big Bill,” 140, 141–42, 249, 326, 432–33, 498, 535
Thomson, James, 203, 245, 435, 589n11
Thomson, Wood, and Hoffman, 265
Thorssen, Victor, 27–29, 284
Thurber, James, 376
Tillman, Ben, 262
Time magazine, 240, 312, 461–62, 597n52
Tison, W. W. (third cousin), 235
tobacco tax, 144–45
toll bridges, 121–22, 131, 136, 138, 199, 330
Townsend, Francis, 466, 474, 499, 500, 505, 534
Townsend Plan, 500
Trammell, Park Monroe, 275, 339
Tranchina Night Club, 169–70
Treasury Department, 332, 338, 348, 361– 62, 385, 450
Truman, Harry, 503, 531, 534, 539
Trump, Donald, 534, 540, 587n34
Tugwell, Rexford Guy, 313–14, 344–45, 357, 366, 403, 453, 480, 483, 520, 539
Tulane University, 35, 41, 226–29, 233, 234, 249, 301, 435, 438, 502
Tullis, Robert Lee, 224, 235, 527
two-thirds rule, Democratic National Convention, 1932, 285–86, 289
Tydings, Millard, 278, 294, 336, 347, 350, 406, 451, 470–71, 478–79, 537, 621n66
tyranny, 539
Uhler, John, 224, 236–37, 433
undated resignations, 5, 151, 170, 178, 187
Understanding Fiction (Brooks and Warren), 231
Understanding Poetry (Brooks and Warren), 231
Underwood, Oscar W., 264
undistributed corporate profits, 481
unemployment, 7, 114, 160, 210, 218, 317–18, 342, 343, 390, 468, 484, 503
Union Indemnity Company, 326, 399, 414–15
Union Party, 534
United Fruit Company, 211–12, 416
United Gas Public Service Company, 491–92
unit rule, 284–85
University of Missouri, 431
University of Oklahoma at Norman, 30, 40, 255
University of Southern California, 249
Unterrified Democrats, 283, 286
Urania Lumber Company, 93–94
U.S. Army, 160–61, 211, 299, 437
U.S. Department of Agriculture, 244
U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, 69, 88–90, 122–23, 482–83
U.S. Supreme Court, 2, 87, 158, 159, 170, 171–72, 173, 213, 330, 384, 420–21, 432, 476–77, 483, 539
USS Wyoming, 232
utility holding companies, 461, 478, 484
utility-rate reductions, 440, 489
Utopia for Realists (Bregman), 513
Vandenberg, Arthur, 347, 348, 358, 365, 371, 482, 597n60
Vardaman, James K., 38, 399, 535
veterans’ issues and benefits, 344, 349–51, 358–59, 378; Economy Act, 338–40; Hoovervilles, 299; policy fights, 363; relying on others, 367. See also old-age pensions; soldiers’ bonus; Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW)
Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW), 377–78, 470, 476, 499
Vicksburg, MS, 423
Vidal, Gore, 503
Vidrine, Arthur, 150, 228, 233, 234–35, 524–25
Ville Platte, LA, 150
Vinson, Carl, 470–71
violence, 3–4, 13–14, 15, 136, 414, 447. See also assassination conspiracies and attempts
Viosca, Rene, 125, 197, 327, 397, 403, 426, 465–66
Virginia, 112, 219
Voitier, Paul, 163, 518
Volstead Act, 339
voter fraud, 217, 253, 312, 313, 373–74, 383, 386–87, 411, 414
voter participation, 5, 259
voter registration books, 386, 409, 411
vote swapping and trading, 152
voting machine, 176–78
voting majority, 3, 260
Wagner, Robert, 262, 264, 295, 340–41, 345, 397, 453, 476, 480, 483, 513, 583n83
Waldorf Astoria Hotel, 265
Walker, Frank, 287
Wallace, George, 142, 190, 228, 485, 519
Wallace, Henry, 341, 357–58, 466, 468, 475, 529, 533
Walmsley, T. Semmes, 212, 216–17, 221, 242–43, 314, 386–88, 525; announced opposition, 204–5; break with Huey, 383; Democratic National Convention, 285, 286–87; dummy candidates, 381; Louisiana’s political war, 407, 414; negotiation failure, 441; oil-pipeline legislation, 146; politicization of relief money, 426; racist candidate backed by, 501; resignation called for, 485–86; support of Huey’s highway and bridge program, 203; vice inquiry, 410–12, 415–18
Walsh, David I., 257
Walsh, Thomas, 268, 275, 285, 289, 295, 351, 537, 597n61
war-hero imposter, 66, 95–97, 557n52
War Industries Board, 345
Warm Springs, GA, 319
Warren, Elizabeth, 513
Warren, Robert Penn, 5, 59, 230–31, 236, 240, 436, 496
Wartell, John, 282
Washington, Booker T., 48
Washington, George, 108
Washington Herald (newspaper), 292, 396
Washington Post (newspaper), 266, 269, 378
Washington Youree Hotel, 519
Watson, James E., 262, 319, 361
Watson-Williams syndicate, 121–22, 199, 397, 561n18
Ways and Means Committee, 413
wealth: inequality, 7, 10, 394, 507, 511–12, 513; insufficient-wealth argument, 507– 9; redistribution of, 2–3, 6–7, 44–45, 248, 268, 335, 340, 341, 344, 363, 377– 78, 381, 385, 388–89, 391, 403, 456–59, 461, 481–82, 506–12; wealth taxes, 266– 68, 276–77, 294, 363, 400, 481, 507, 509–11. See also Share Our Wealth
Weber, Caleb, 190
Weiss, Carl Austin, 522–24, 527, 528–29
Weiss, Seymour, 368; Caraway campaign, 297–98; Conner’s headquarters operation, 243; Dock Board president, 210; Emden incident, 201; friendship with Huey, 163; funeral arrangements, 527; Huey’s assassination, 524; IRS indictment, 441; IRS investigation, 424–25; money handled by, 427–28; New Orleans mayoral election, 385–86; Over-ton hearings, 327–29; political legacy, 530–31; Pyramid Securities Company, 265; slot machines, 490; Win or Lose Company, 491–92. See also deducts
Weller, Daniel, 173–74
Wells, H. G., 502, 504
West, Rebecca, 503
Western Electric Company, 79
Whangdoodle (student newspaper), 224
What Would Lincoln Do? (Barlow), 503
Wheeler, Burton K., 36, 287, 499, 513, 527, 534; banking bill, 348; branch banking, 321–22; Clark’s amendment, 347; and Coughlin, 469; defense of SOW, 463; Democratic National Convention, 285; Farley investigation, 450; farm bill, 342–43; Frazier-Lemke bill, 404; Huey endorsing Roosevelt, 273; Huey’s drinking, 361; Huey’s relationship with, 294, 367; inflation, 342–43, 356; IRS inquiry into Huey, 331–32; LaFollette-Costigan bill, 263; Moore committee hearings, 396–97; old-age pensions, 480; Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 262, 324; and Roosevelt, 442; soldiers’ bonus, 474, 475; support for Roosevelt, 1932, 318–19; utility holding companies, 478; vice-presidential nomination, 290
Wheelus, Hattie D., 94
Whilden, Oscar, 187, 487
White, A. P., 522
White, Edward, 12
White, Hugh L., 243, 498
White, Richard, 236–37, 239–40, 352, 408
White, Theodore, 311
White, William Allen, 267, 539
White League, 12
white supremacy, 48–49, 124, 159, 213
Wickboldt, A. W., 225
Wilkins, Roy, 500–501
Wilkinson, Hugh, 125, 465
Williams, Alford J., 377–78
Williams, Francis, 85–88, 103, 120–21, 123–27, 177, 198, 207, 312, 383, 387, 418
Williams, Gus, 103, 106, 386
Williams, John Sharp, 38
Williams brothers, 98, 101–2, 109, 121
Wilson, Frank, 425
Wilson, Harry D., 137, 401
Wilson, John S., 131–32, 135–36, 486
Wilson, Riley Joe, 128–30, 132, 223, 426
Wilson, Woodrow, 6, 32–33, 43–45, 48–49, 60, 62, 154, 259, 271, 328, 345, 364–65, 394, 399
Wimberly, Lorris, 177
Windrip, Berzelius “Buzz,” 505
Winnfield, LA, 1–2, 14–15, 16–18, 23–25, 34, 49–50, 52–58, 61–62, 63–64, 90, 299
Winnfield Comrade (newspaper), 15, 29
Winnfield Courthouse, 62
Winn Parish, 14–15, 16–17, 49, 61, 201–2, 251, 546n35
Winn Parish Bank, 52–54
Win or Lose Company, 425, 491–94, 527
Witt, Edgar E., 245
Women’s Committee, 375, 378, 381, 385, 401–2
Wood, Trist, 202, 211
Woodcock, Enos W. W., 465
Woodin, William, 335–37, 348, 385
Woods, Harry, 287
workers’ compensation, 2, 52, 59–61, 64, 93, 127
Works Progress Administration (WPA), 488
workweek, shortened, 7, 343, 367, 512, 513
World Court treaty, 445–46, 448, 453, 469
World War I, 45, 49, 62, 65–66, 271, 304–5, 443. See also soldiers’ bonus
World War II, 7, 241, 367, 492, 510–14, 533–34, 539
WPA money, 485–86, 530–31, 533
yellow dog contract, 212–13
Young, Owen D., 313, 318–19
Young Democrats, 33, 255
Young Men’s Business Club of New Orleans, 331, 437
Young Turks, 516–17
Zemurray, Samuel, 212, 416, 531
Zinman, David, 528