Because the material included in this volume comprises part of a larger project on economic sanctions involving dozens of experts, we have accumulated many debts in producing this book. First, we would like to thank a number of people who provided financial support for a systematic investigation of the scope, impact, and utility of economic sanctions. These include Kennette Benedict of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, whose generous grant in the spring of 1993 financed a large part of this project's first phase. George Perkovich of the W. Alton Jones Foundation provided support for the second phase of this effort in which we studied sanctions as a potential tool for the control of weapons of mass destruction. Tom Graham of the Rockefeller Foundation supported a series of visiting scholars to the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies who have investigated the utility of sanctions for denucle-arization in South Asia and the Middle East.
We are especially grateful to Congressman Ronald Dellums for taking the time to write the foreword of this book.
The authors of the chapters of this volume have also been particularly cooperative and understanding. Because our goal was to bring research and policy concerns together, we pushed academic scholars to be more sensitive to policy concerns and urged practitioners to be more grounded in academic research. The sound mix of these approaches evident in the book results in no small measure from the authors' efforts to be self-conscious in this matter. Because of their involvement in the ongoing debate about sanctions in Iraq, Haiti, and the former Yugoslavia, a number of the authors were in faraway locales as we were editing their manuscripts. They performed herculean feats, sometimes under adverse circumstances, in revising and rechecking their chapters. To each we owe a special debt of thanks.
Our colleagues at the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, at The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, and at the Fourth Freedom Forum deserve special note. Raimo Väyrynen, director of the Kroc Institute, and institute fellows Patricia Davis, Robert C. Johansen, and Alan Dowty have provided a challenging and supportive environment for this project. Our work was greatly aided by the logistical support and organizational skills of Becky Loggins and Midge Holleman at the Kroc Institute and Jennifer Glick, Ann Miller, and Miriam Redsecker at the Fourth Freedom Forum. Bibliographic research and the editing of chapters for the special issue of The Bulletin and this volume were skillfully performed by Notre Dame graduate students Jaleh Dashti-Gibson, Abir Khater, and Brenda Markovitz. Special recognition goes to Laura Gerber of Goshen College, who interned at the Fourth Freedom Forum and did an enormous amount of reference work for the entire book, especially the chapters on Haiti, Yugoslavia, and South Africa.
We are grateful as well to Mike Moore, editor of The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, and his staff for their editing and production of the November 1993 special issue, "Sanctions: Do They Work?" which gave prompt dissemination to the abridged versions of eight of these chapters. Reactions from The Bulletin readers to that issue and continued interaction of the editors and the authors of essays helped us crystallize what we wanted to accomplish in a full scholarly volume on sanctions. This is a better book because of Mike's and The Bulletin's emphasis on policy concerns.
This volume could not have come to fruition without the diligent work of Jennifer Glick, who transformed the chapters and our editorial comments into a serious manuscript and then labored over the development of the camera-ready version to ensure prompt production of the book. Her patience with us and chapter authors was exceeded only by her professional competence. Ann Miller, administrative director of the Forum, handled a plethora of tasks and worked with people across continents to secure their full participation in the project. Last, but certainly not least, Mr. Howard Brembeck, founder and chairman of the Forum, provided continuous moral and financial support throughout this venture. We hope that this volume serves as a worthy affirmation of his vision that sanctions are a potentially powerful tool for resolving conflict and promoting norms in the emerging international order.
With so many talented people associated with such a project, it is difficult to admit that there are some flaws and gaps in this volume. We as editors know there are and we accept responsibility for whatever shortcomings the volume may have. Because serious scholarship and policy analysis about sanctions seem particularly difficult to find in recent years, especially when compared to the dominance of sanctions in contemporary thinking and policy about post-Cold War actions, we believe the chapters in this volume represent a solid contribution to increasing the quality of that thinking and policy.
David Cortright and George A. Lopez
Notre Dame, Indiana