Index

Aceh, 65, 219, 302; war in, 221, 295, 299, 302, 307, 357

Algemeen Nederlandsch Verbond, 275

Althusius, Johannes, 133–35

America, 245; Catholicism in, 269, 271, 278; culture of, 49, 240, 251, 254–55, 328; Dutch-American religion in, 166, 186, 375, 379–80; evangelical religion in, 86–90, 94, 100–101, 103, 142, 224, 286, 368, 380–81; and heliotropic myth, 200, 294; and politics, 10, 75–76, 217, 223, 255, 280, 368. See also AK: travel, in U.S.

Amsterdam, 5, 72, 97, 118, 127–28, 149, 156, 170, 253, 296; dock strike in, 309–10; the Doleantie and, 155–62; economy of, 65, 329–30; Kuyper’s family in, 3–4, 6, 17. See also AK: pastorates

Anabaptists, xiv, 7, 168, 354, 377

Anema, Anne, 349–50

Anglicanism: history and practices of, 38–39, 53–55, 172, 189. See also The Heir of Redclyffe; Keble, John; Yonge, Charlotte Mary

Antirevolutionary Party (ARP): and America, 261, 266–67; conflicts within, 162, 196, 218–19, 222–23, 231–34, 241; formal organization, 122, 125–26; mature functioning, 215, 217, 229, 322, 370–72; 1901 election/cabinet, 297, 301–2, 304, 307–8; 1905 election, 321–22; 1909 cabinet and controversy, 345–47, 350, 354–55; original platform, 136–38, 143, 148; and pluralism, 230–31; pre-organized phase, 73–77, 82–85, 89, 95, 220–21; and social question, 215, 221–24, 341; and World War I, 364–65. See also AK: politics

Anti-School-Law League (ASWV), 84–85, 115

Apartheid, 296, 381–82

April Movement, the, 13, 20, 68, 70

Arminianism, 9, 120, 181–82, 198, 263; in the Holiness movement, 90, 94, 100, 103, 106. See also Remonstrantism

ARP. See Antirevolutionary Party

Augustine, 200

Azusa St. revival, 337

Bacon, Francis, 263, 285

Baltus, Herman, 51–52

Baltus, Pietje, 50–51

Baptism, AK’s conflicts over, 26, 55, 59–60. See also AK: theology; AK: works: Our Worship

Baptists, 81, 245, 269, 272

Barth, Karl, 50, 378

Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij, 357

Bauer, Anna (AK’s grandmother), 4, 6

Bavinck, Herman, 233, 236, 257, 322, 350, 364, 377–78

Beaufort, Willem Hendrik de, 304, 312

Beesd. See AK: pastorates

Beets, Nicolaas, 52, 70

Belgic Confession, 120, 152

Belgium: and Catholicism, 14, 223; economy of, 11–12, 65, 222, 310, 312; history of, 8, 74, 367

Bergansius, Johannes Willem, 303

Bergh, Willem van den, 160

Bergson, Henri, 212, 252, 255, 289

Béza, Théodore, 78

Bilderdijk, William, 16, 74–75, 344–45

Bismarck, Otto von, 44, 67, 281, 367–68

Bodin, Jean, 133

Boesak, Alan, 382

Brighton, 87–88, 91–97, 100–103, 106–7. See also Holiness; AK: theology; AK: travel, in Europe/Mediterranean

Bronsveld, Andries Willem, 120–21

Brummelkamp, Anthony, Jr., 127–28

Bruntière, Ferdinand, 291

Bryan, William Jennings, 255, 269, 274

Bürger, Gottfried, 33, 35

Burke, Edmund, 74–76, 137, 202, 341, 345

Burr, Aaron, Jr., 270

Bylandt tot Mariënweerdt, O. W. A., Count of, 43–44, 52

Calvin, John: AK’s perceptions of, 35–38, 46, 50, 58, 174, 184; and common grace, 193, 198, 209, 305; influence of, 3, 9; theology of, 50, 54, 141–42, 177, 187, 190. See also Calvinism; names of specific denominations

Calvinism: per AK, 79–80, 261–63; AK’s allegiance to, xviii, 20, 26, 42, 64, 71, 107, 255–58; in AK’s political theory, xvi–xviii, 78–81, 86, 130–33, 135–36, 138, 141; in AK’s theology, 103, 105–6, 119, 172–74, 179–81; in America, xviii, 49, 265, 272, 275; and art per AK, 240–44; and cultural formation, xii, xviii, 71, 195–97, 205–6, 208, 232, 240–41, 263, 278, 339, 380; in Dutch history, xiv, 4, 8–9, 19, 64, 74, 77, 197, 257, 382; socio-political connections of, xvii, 19, 51–52, 69–70, 225, 228, 234, 305, 321–22, 357; theology of, xviii, 15, 29–30, 59, 317. See also Calvin, John; AK: theology: Calvinism; names of individual denominations

Canons of Dort: polity, 153, 155, 161; theology, 16, 25, 120–21

Carnegie, Andrew, 245, 304, 310; work with AK, 369

Catholicism: in America, 269, 271, 278; and “April Movement,” 13–14; and Dutch educational policy, 68–70, 74, 77; in Dutch history, 5, 7–8, 12–13; and Dutch politics, 13–14, 20, 51, 83–84, 364, 372, 377

Cats, Jacob, 243

Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, 296

Chamberlain, Joseph, 270, 290, 293

Christelijke Gereformeerde Kerk in Nederland (CGKN). See Christian Reformed Church in the Netherlands

Christian democracy: AK as pioneer of, xvi, 268, 306–7, 345, 370, 376–77; AK’s theory of, 229–31; in other lands, viii, 120–21, 164. See also Democracy

Christian Historical Union (CHU), 137, 233

Christian Reformed Church in North America (CRC), 264–65, 278

Christian Reformed Church in the Netherlands (Christelijke Gereformeerde Kerk in Nederland, CGKN), 119, 127, 155, 168. See also Secession of 1834

Christian schools. See AK: educational endeavors; Antirevolutionary Party; “Groningen School”; Thorbecke, Johan Rudolph

Christian Social Congress (1891), 221, 223, 227–28, 232

City University of Amsterdam, 118

Cleveland, Grover, 245, 264, 269

Cobet, Carel Gabriel, 23, 38–39

Cocceius, Johannes, 9

Colijn, Hendrik: career, 346, 350, 357; as successor to AK, 370, 372, 374, 376–77

Constitution, Dutch: of 1813, 11; of 1848, 13, 20, 68–69, 76–78, 138, 253; revisions of 1887, 215–16, 229; revisions of 1917, 364. See also Thorbecke, Johan Rudolph; William II, King of the Netherlands

Conventicles: AK’s views on, 188–89, 198; history and practices of, 10, 18, 50

Cowper Temple, William, 90, 99

Cromwell, Oliver, 79, 89

“Cultivation System,” Dutch East Indies, 12, 65

Da Costa, Isaac, 16, 18, 46, 74, 92, 140, 154

Darwin, Charles, 31, 142, 201, 244, 248, 294, 353; AK’s views on, 284–89

Democracy: AK’s advocacy of, xvi, 64, 73, 77, 82, 126, 257; and AK’s church reforms, 43, 51, 56, 59–60, 78, 154; and AK’s theology, xviii, 78, 132, 180, 208, 221, 241, 318; Dutch development of, 112, 117, 170, 216, 225, 234, 299–301, 306–7; issue in ARP split, 215, 232–34; opposition of AK’s mentors to, 74–75, 77; problems of, 128, 139, 242–43, 353, 355, 379. See also America: politics; Christian democracy

Determinism, 30, 240, 252, 289, 338

De Vries, Abraham, 36

De Vries, Hugo, 286, 313

De Vries, Matthias, 23–24, 35–36, 44

De Waal Malefijt, Jan Hendrik, 347

Diepenhorst, Pieter A., 350

Dilthey, Wilhelm, 207–8, 214, 246, 251

Doleantie, 150; character of, 167, 169, 187–88; context of, 154, 156–57, 172, 178, 266; legacy of, 168, 170–71, 183, 194–95, 215, 265; process of, 158, 161–62; warrant of, 163, 174. See also AK: theology: kingship of Christ in Doleantie; Gereformeerde Kerken in Nederland

Domela Nieuwenhuis, Ferdinand, 112, 157, 161, 235, 309

Dooyeweerd, Herman, 378–79

Dosker, Henry, 266, 276, 278

Douwes Dekker, Eduard [pseud. Multatuli], 220

Doyle, Arthur Conan, 281–83

Dreyfus, Alfred, 280

Du Plessis-Mornay, Philippe, 78

Dutch East India Company, 6, 12

Dutch Reformed Church (Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk, NHK), 35, 46, 51, 77, 82, 154, 161; and education, 118–19; and “General Regulation” (Algemeen Reglement) of 1816, 13–14, 138, 152, 155; and Secession of 1834, 14; and William I, King of the Netherlands, 14, 138. See also AK: pastorates; Doleantie; Réveil, the

Dutch Republic (1579-1795): Calvinist memories of, 76, 133, 139; colonies of, see Aceh, East Indies, Surinam; history of, 5–11

Dutch welfare state, 301, 377, 381

DuToit, Stephanus Johannes, 165

Dwight, Timothy, 270–71

East Indies: Dutch policies in, 12, 65–66, 219–20, 302, 307–8, 367; and Indonesian independence, 219–20, 307–8. See also Aceh; AK: politics; Colijn, Hendrik; Idenburg, Alexander Willem Frederik; Kuyper, Herman; Kuyper, Jan Hendrik Frederik, “Freddy”

Edwards, Jonathan, 270, 351

“Eel riot,” 157, 216, 238

Emden, 35–36, 38, 133, 135

Emma, Queen of the Netherlands, 235

Enlightenment, the, 27, 33–34, 48, 74, 104, 265; and rationalism, 269, 273, 344

Epistemology, 31–32, 130, 207, 249. See also Worldview

Erasmus, Desiderius, 9, 15

Ethical policy. See AK: politics, policies on colonies

Ethical theology: AK’s arguments with, 57, 70, 82, 85, 104–5, 121, 129, 178–79, 196; school in Dutch Reformed Church, 45–46, 50, 52–53, 173

Evangelicals/ism: and AK’s American legacy, 279, 380–81; AK’s critique of, 58, 100–106, 119, 178–79; American, xx, 86–87, 142, 224, 248; and American politics, 255, 269–70; British, 90–93, 286, 291, 368; Dutch, 15–16, 18, 27, 74, 143

Fabius, Dammes Paulus Dirk, 228

Felix, J. W., 162

Feuerbach, Ludwig, 209

Finney, Charles, 90, 102

Franchise. See Suffrage, popular

Franco-Prussian War, 67, 303

Freemasonry, 265–66

Free University of Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit te Amsterdam): AK’s legacy at, 374, 377–79; conflicts at, 195–96, 228, 235–36; and Doleantie, 159–62, 167; founding of, 118–25, 130; and GKN, 183, 191–92; legal warrant of degrees from, 302, 312–14; operations at, 127–28, 135, 149, 209, 350, 358; and South Africa, 164–65, 296. See also AK: educational endeavors

French occupation of the Netherlands (1795-1813), 5, 74, 157, 344

French Revolution, 79–80, 174, 224, 229–31, 353. See also AK: political thought; Antirevolutionary Party; Hamilton, Alexander; Jefferson, Thomas

Freud, Sigmund, 240, 262, 294

Fruin, Robert Jacobus, 19, 82, 164

Gauguin, Paul, 212

Geelkerken, Johannes Gerhardus, 378

Geer van Jutphaas, Barthold Jacob Lintelo, Baron de, 233

George, Henry, 223, 245

Gereformeerde Kerken in Nederland (GKN). See Reformed Churches in the Netherlands

German historical school, 143–44, 146

German idealism: in AK’s later context, 213–14, 244; and AK’s thought, 53, 183, 205–6, 249, 305; in AK’s youth and mentors, 28, 31–32, 34

Gierke, Otto von, 134

Gilman, Daniel Coit, 274

Gladstone, William Ewart, 255, 281, 284, 290, 307, 367

Glorious Revolution, 5, 81

Gobineau, Joseph Arthur Comte de, 328

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang, 33, 40, 305

Gomarus, Franciscus, 9

Groen van Prinsterer, Guillaume, 16, 62, 69–77, 158, 221, 348

Groen van Prinsterer-van der Hoop, Elisabeth Maria Magdalena, 120, 123

“Groningen School”/Groningen theology, 15–17, 27–29, 35–36

Grotius, Hugo, 7, 9, 367

Gunning, Johannes Hermanus, 97, 99, 163

Haeckel, Ernst, 286–89, 294, 319

The Hague, 113, 157, 160, 304, 369, 371–72

Hague School, The, 242–44

Hahn, Albert, 344, 354

Haller, Ludwig von, 76, 137

Hamann, Johan Georg, 33

Hamilton, Alexander, 268, 270–74

Hay, John, 262, 273

Heemskerk, Theodorus: and AK’s legacy, 374, 376; allegiance to AK, 149, 233, 257; conflict with AK in 1901, 302–3; conflicts with AK after 1907, 345–51, 355–58

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich: AK’s critique of, 32, 132, 244; AK’s use of, 31, 142, 187, 200, 334

Heidelberg Catechism, 99, 120, 152

The Heir of Redclyffe, 38–40, 43–44, 46, 53–54, 86, 94, 150. See also AK: personal life: religious conversions; Yonge, Charlotte Mary

Herder, Johann Gottfried, 24, 27, 33, 201

Herzl, Theodore, 253

Hobsbawm, Eric J., 67, 73, 114

Hodge, Charles, 263, 286

Holiness movement, 71, 90, 92–96, 98, 100, 102–3

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr., 117

Holmes, Sherlock, 281

Hooykaas, Isaac, 63, 129, 235

Hotman, François, 78

House of Orange, 5–11, 16; and AK, 116, 138–39, 372

Houtzagers, Jan H., 160–61

Hovy, Willem: career, 123, 127–28, 159, 222; relationship with AK, 96–97, 111–12, 118, 123, 236

Huber, Jean Jacques/Jan Jacob (AK’s grandfather), 4–5, 9

Huxley, Thomas H., 289

Idenburg, Alexander Willem Frederik: career, 303–4, 307–9, 346–47, 350, 356–57, 367, 372; correspondence about AK, 355–56; relationship with AK, 303–4, 346–50, 357–60, 366, 371–75

Imperialism, 143, 195, 200, 220, 289, 326; American, 273, 280; British, 164, 270, 280, 290–91, 295, 307, 357, 367; Dutch, 12; German, 67, 116, 134. See also Aceh, East Indies, Surinam

Industrialization: AK’s critique of, 200, 215, 221–22, 224, 228, 335; historical development, 57, 65–66, 245, 290; in the Netherlands, 5, 10–11, 44, 65, 222, 299, 301; as social system, 67, 92, 95, 205, 208, 249

Islam, AK’s views of, 220, 308, 327–30, 332–35, 381

Israels, Jozef, 242

Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich, 31

James, epistle of, 89, 97

James, William, 205, 213–14, 246, 251–52, 289

Jameson, Leander Starr, 290–91

Jefferson, Thomas, 81, 268–71

Judaism: AK’s views of, 330–32; in Amsterdam, 7; and Christian evangelization, 58, 61

Kantianism, 30–32, 201–2, 205, 214, 305, 313

Kappeyne van de Coppello, Joannes: career, 88, 115–17; relationship with AK, 88–89, 117, 162

Kater, Klaas, 149, 222

Keble, John, 38, 53

Ketteler, Wilhelm Emmanuel von, Bishop, 223

Keuchenius, Levinus Wilhelmus Christiaan: career, 218–21, 233, 237; relationship with AK, 158, 221, 235, 237–38

Koch, Jeroen, 234

Kohlbrügge, Herman Friedrich, 50, 62

Kruger, Paul, President of the Transvaal, 165

Kuyper, Abraham:

character: ambition, 21, 36, 38–40, 62, 87, 120, 170; anxiety, 38, 54, 86, 107, 283; church attendance, 22–23, 129; control, passion for political, 60, 132, 350, 355; control, passion for spiritual, 102–3, 147–48, 212, 243, 249, 251–52, 374; dreams, 98, 240, 262, 358, 375; ego, 21, 38–39, 167–68, 258, 356, 374; militancy, 49–50, 85–86, 120, 150, 221, 232–36, 264, 355, 374; mountain climbing, love of, 98, 107–8, 252; spiritual discontent/doubt, 22–23, 25–27, 29, 46, 49–50, 54, 251–52; thoughts on death, 53, 98–99, 158, 237–38, 281–84

educational endeavors: Dutch context, 66–67, 299, 301; Kuyper cabinet, 311–14; Mackay cabinet Education Act, 216–18; “Pacification” (1917), 347, 364, 371; Parliamentary advocacy, 1874–76, 95–96, 111–13; People’s Petition (1877), 115–17; response to Higher Education Bill (1876), 118–25; restitution proposal, 88; Utrecht convention (1869), 69–70. See also AK: politics; Free University; Liberalism, political

health: fatigue, 37–38, 61–62, 85–86, 95–98; nervous breakdowns, 21, 37, 64–65, 87–88, 97–98, 102–3, 215, 235–36, 246–47, 251–52, 318, 325; respiratory ailments, 85–86, 235, 325, 350–51, 370–73; rheumatism, 62, 85–86, 96; tic dolorous, 85–87

journalism: beginnings, 61, 83–86, 100; career in, xix, 88, 91, 112–14, 116, 125–27, 129, 150, 216, 250, 276, 291–93; party polemics, 82, 100, 229, 232, 234–35, 314–15, 317–18, 347; retirement from, 370, 372–73; 25th anniversary fête, 257–58

pastorates: at Amsterdam, 56, 58–63, 155, 175–76; at Beesd, 40, 42–54; Beesd legacy for AK, 58, 62, 65, 71, 173–74; and rejected calls, 111–12; sermons, 18, 43–45, 47, 52–54, 56–59, 87, 166, 173–77, 226; at Utrecht, 45, 52–59, 64; Utrecht legacy for AK, 68–71, 174–75

personal life: birth and early years, 3, 18–19; children, 44, 61–62, 86–87, 97, 99, 128–29, 158, 237–38, 358–60, 363, 370, 374–75; courtship and marriage, 24–26, 32, 35, 37–42; education, 19–40; final illness and death, 370–74; forebears, 3–5, 17–19; funeral, 374–76; mentors, 23–24, 28–31, 35–36, 44, 46–48, 50; religious conversions, 38–40, 45–50; siblings, 18, 37, 49–50, 54, 63

political thought: antirevolutionary inheritance, 72–76; Calvinism as a revolutionary tradition, 77–82; charisma and leadership, 255–56, 351–53; Christian democracy, 229–32; and divine ordinances, 136–37, 140–43; and economy, 223–28, 341–42, 371; and heading government, 305–7; and sphere sovereignty, 130–35

politics: in election of 1871, 61–62, 82–83; in election of 1873, 85–86; in election of 1875, 85, 87–88, 93, 95; in election of 1877, 99, 111, 113; in election of 1888, 196, 200, 216–17, 235; in election of 1891, 219, 228–29; in election of 1894, 232; in election of 1897, 233; in election of 1901, 297, 302, 315, 320; in election of 1905, 320–24, 345, 358; in election of 1909, 346–48, 354; in election of 1913, 347–48, 361, 366; in election of 1918, 371; enters politics, 61–62, 82–83, 85–86, 120; member of Parliament, 1874–77, 63, 86, 88–90, 95–97, 99; member of Parliament, 1893–1901, 229–33, 299–301; member of Parliament, 1908–12, 346–47; member of Upper House, 1912–20, 351, 373; organizer, xv, xviii, 64–65; organizing, early efforts, 20, 61, 68; organizing of ARP, 82–85, 112–16, 125, 127; organization and operation of ARP, 215, 217–18, 221, 233, 364–65; policies on colonies, 219–21, 307–9; policies on economics, 224–27, 371; policies on education, 144, 311–14; policies on family, 144–45, 340–41, 360–61; policies on the military, 146, 218–19. See also Antirevolutionary Party; Christian democracy; Democracy; Suffrage, popular

prime minister: cabinet formation, 302–4; colonial affairs, 307–9; educational reforms, 311–14; foreign affairs, 304; railroad strike, 309–11

theology: antithesis, 273, 323, 342–43, 348, 353; baptism, 50, 153, 169, 184, 189–92; “baptized nation,” 147, 154, 370; common grace, viii, 192, 194–95, 197–204, 207–12, 247; common grace and art, 240–41; common grace in AK’s later career, 338, 341, 363, 369–70; common grace, U.S. as land of, 261–62, 275, 277, 294; conversion, 58, 106, 179, 181, 184–85, 316 (see also AK: personal life: religious conversions); covenant, 178, 180–85, 191–92, 199; creation, viii–x, xviii, 179, 194, 209–10, 212, 247, 338; creation and common grace, 197, 199–200, 202; creation and ecclesiology, 163, 176, 184, 186; creation and evolution, 285, 288; creation and the Holy Spirit, 104–5; creation and politics, 141–42, 146–47, 225, 362–63; cultural engagement, 81, 130, 171–72, 177, 183, 186, 191–96, 242; “cultural mandate,” 194, 199; ecclesiology, 173, 184–92; ecclesiology, “church as mother,” 169, 177, 180; ecclesiology, high church, 53–55, 172, 174–75, 188; ecclesiology, visible/“invisible” church, 53, 174, 176, 184–85 (see also Organic/ism); election, doctrine of, 30, 35, 58–59, 78, 105–6, 153, 169, 179–84, 191–92, 294; election and common grace, 198–99; election and ecclesiology, 175–77, 184; election and politics, xviii, 78, 132, 180, 208, 241; eschatology/“end times”/millenarianism, 74, 98, 248, 337, 368–69; the fall into sin, 105–6, 167, 192, 338, 341; the fall and common grace, 198–99; the fall and epistemology, 209–12, 214; the fall and politics, 141, 152; Holy Spirit and ecclesiology, 151, 166, 168, 176–77, 184; Holy Spirit, early concepts, 30, 43, 45, 55; Holy Spirit, mature concepts, 103–7, 178–79; Holy Spirit, in meditations, 316, 323; incarnation, in AK’s theology, 49, 52–53, 57–59, 173–76; justification, 93, 106, 189, 192; kingship of Christ, 53; kingship of Christ and the church, 173, 175, 177, 179; kingship of Christ in Doleantie, 151–54, 161, 164; kingship of Christ in Pro Rege, 321, 335, 338–43, 363; liturgy, AK’s teachings on, 55, 60, 74, 169, 187–89, 192, 241; Lord’s Supper, 26, 39, 60, 169, 175, 236; Lord’s Supper, AK’s theology of, 189–90; particular grace, 178–80, 198–99, 202–4, 267, 338, 341; predestination, 30, 181–82, 263; predestination, infralapsarianism, 169, 192; predestination, supralapsarianism, 30, 105, 169; redemption, cosmic, 105, 167, 174, 176, 317; redemption, as palingenesis, 210–11; redemption, personal, 105, 181, 210; redemption, social/collective/corporate, 180, 185, 362; regeneration, viii, 105–6, 153, 163, 179, 185, 189, 192; resurrection, 47, 57, 282; salvation, and God’s sovereignty, 58, 105, 185, 197, 318; salvation, personal, 53, 105, 173, 189, 202; salvation, universal, 178–79, 185; sanctification, 93, 106, 189. See also AK: works: Our Worship

travel, in Europe/Mediterranean: Belgium, 235, 302, 354; Brighton, 87–93; France, 81, 83, 235, 237, 325, 351; Germany, 37, 45, 64, 252, 322–23, 350, 356, 371–72; Italy, 83, 97, 325; London, 45, 61, 98, 164, 275, 304; Mediterranean tour (1905-6, Romania, Russia, Ottoman Empire, Palestine, Egypt, Sudan, Greece, Sicily, Tunisia, Algeria, Portugal, Spain), 325–35; Switzerland, 62, 97–98, 281 (see also Kuyper-Schaay, Johanna: death)

travel, in U.S. (1898), 263–79; Chicago, 267–68, 272; Eastern states, 272–75; Iowa, 266–67; Michigan, 264–66, 268–69, 273; Stone Lectures at Princeton, 261–64. See also America

works: à Lasco project, 36–37, 40, 42, 44–45, 52, 71; Around the Old-World Sea (Om de Oude Wereldzee), 326–35; Asleep in Jesus, 281–84; “Blurring of the Boundaries,” 244–45, 249–50; “Calvinism, the Source and Stronghold of Our Constitutional Liberties,” 77–82, 248; “Christianity and the Social Question,” 223–26, 230; Common Grace, 197–98, 241, 247, 294, 333, 341, 371; Confidentie (Confidentially), 60, 62, 86, 177–78; The Doctrine of the Covenants, 178, 180–82, 190; Dogmatics, 170; Dogmatics assembled by students, 215; Encyclopedia of Sacred Theology, 170–71, 207, 215; “Evolution,” 284–87, 296; “Iron and Clay,” 162–64, 167; Lectures on Calvinism, 207, 262–64, 278; Manual Labor, 224–26; “Maranatha,” 219, 229–32; “Modernism, a Fata Morgana,” 47–49, 56, 62, 86, 245; “Not the Liberty Tree but the Cross,” 229–30; Ons Program, 114, 136–48, 178, 182, 230, 305, 335, 341; Ons Program, updated 1916-17 as Antirevolutionaire Staatkunde, 365, 370–71; “Our Instinctive Life,” 252, 255, 351–53; Our Worship, 187–90; Particular Grace, 178–80, 198–99; “Perfectionism,” 100–102; Pro Rege, 335–43, 362–63, 365, 369; “Rooted and Grounded,” 176–77, 181; “Sphere Sovereignty,” 130–36, 138, 145; Stone Lectures (see Lectures on Calvinism); To Be Near Unto God (Nabij God te zijn), 314–19, 323–25; Tractate on the Reformation of the Churches, 151–53; “Uniformity, the Curse of Modern Life,” 71–74, 86, 147, 201, 250–52, 351; Van de Voleinding (On the Consummation), 368–70; “The Vocation of Hollanders in America,” 267–68; “Wat Nu?,” 371; “What Must We Do?,” 51–52; The Work of the Holy Spirit, 103–7, 173, 178–79

Kuyper, Abraham (AK’s grandfather), 3–5

Kuyper, Abraham, Jr. (AK’s son), 61, 358

Kuyper, Catharina Maria Eunice, “Cato,” “Too” (AK’s daughter), 99, 358–60, 363

Kuyper, Dirk (AK’s great-grandfather), 4, 6

Kuyper, Guillaume (AK’s son), 128, 358

Kuyper, Henriëtte Sophia Susanna, “Harry” (AK’s daughter), 61, 87, 325, 370; career of, 358–59, 373; character of, 358–60; and creation of father’s legacy, 374–75

Kuyper, Herman (AK’s brother), 18, 49–50, 54, 63, 221

Kuyper, Herman Huber (AK’s son), 44, 127, 158, 161, 358, 369, 374, 381

Kuyper, Jan Frederik (AK’s father), 3–4; career, 17–19, 158; relationship with AK, 20, 24, 54, 158

Kuyper, Jan Hendrik Frederik, “Freddy” (AK’s son), 44, 158, 165, 358–59

Kuyper, Jeanette Jacqueline (AK’s sister), 18, 158

Kuyper, Johanna Hendrika (AK’s daughter), 358, 370–71; and creation of father’s legacy, 374–75

Kuyper, Levinus Willem Christiaan, “Willy” (AK’s son), 158, 237–38, 281

Kuyper-Huber, Henriëtte (AK’s mother), 3, 17–18

Kuyper-Schaay, Johanna, “Jo” (AK’s wife): background, 24; character, 359–60; children, 44, 61–62, 97, 158, 237; courtship, 24–27, 35; death, 281–84, 359; and Heir of Redclyffe, 37–40, 54; ill health, 61–62, 99; marriage, 40–41

Labor Act of 1889, 218, 222, 224

Lahmann, Heinrich, 350–51, 354, 371

Lamennais, Félicité Robert de, 75, 77

Lasco, Johannes à (Jan Laski): life, 35, 45, 135; theology, 35, 38, 56, 173–74, 187. See also AK: works

Lears, Jackson, 251–52

Le Bon, Gustav, 255, 353

Leiden, 17–19, 54; AK’s education in, see AK: personal life

Leo XIII, 223, 228

Liberalism, political: development in South Africa, 290; development in the Netherlands, 65–67, 75, 82, 84–85, 117, 274, 297–307; and Dutch colonial policy, 307; and economics, 73, 114, 225, 298–301; and education, 68–69, 111, 218, 299, 301, 304, 311–14; political liberalism and religion, 111, 115, 314; and suffrage, 216, 228–33, 253, 300. See also Liberals (Dutch political party); Progressive Liberals; Thorbecke, Johan Rudolph

Liberalism, theological: in America, 166, 261, 277; history in the Netherlands, 28; teachings of, 81, 121–22, 142. See also AK: works: “Modernism, a Fata Morgana”

Liberals (Dutch political party), 95, 111–13, 136, 219, 221, 233, 252–54, 257, 297–98, 321–22, 345–46, 364, 366

Lindeboom, Lucas, 127

Lodge, Henry Cabot, 269–71

Loeff, Johannes, 303, 309–11

Lohman, Alexander F. Savornin de. See Savornin Lohman, Alexander F. de, Squire

London, 90, 174, 290–91, 295

Louis XIV, King of France, 5, 367

Lueger, Karl, 253, 330

Luther, Martin, 3, 124; AK’s use of, 119, 151, 155, 265, 305

Maassluis, 3, 17–18

Mach, Ernst, 206–7

Machen, J. Gresham, 49

Mackay, Aeneas, Baron, 216–17, 302; cabinet of, 216–19

Mahan, Asa, 90, 94, 100, 102

Marx, Karl, 156, 227, 248, 288, 309, 311; AK’s views of, 306–7, 311

Mary Stuart, Princess of Orange, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, 5

Materialism, philosophical: AK’s critique of, 220, 227, 287–89; early fears of, 47, 64

Matthison, Friedrich von, 33, 35

Maurice, Prince of Orange, 7–9

McKinley, William, 268–69, 273, 280

Melvil, Robert, Baron van Lynden, 304

Mendel, Gregor, 294

Merle d’Aubigné, Jean-Henri, 16, 74

Michels, Robert, 353

Middelburg, 17–19, 196

Modernism, cultural, 195, 240, 242–44, 251n, 253, 350. See also Modernity

Modernism, theological: AK’s relations with, 42–43, 51–54, 59–60, 90, 152–54, 178, 332; Dutch school, 28–31, 45–47, 121–22, 170, 173, 245–46, 251n. See also AK: works: “Modernism, a Fata Morgana”; Scholten, Joannes Henricus

Modernity/“modernization,” 251n; as perceived threat, 150, 245–46, 250–51, 276, 284, 290, 331, 335–36, 351–52; as social process, 65–66, 199–200, 245–46, 252–53, 333–34, 342; stages of in Dutch history, xii–xiii, 111, 118, 229, 253–54, 300, 303, 321. See also AK: works: “Our Instinctive Life,” “Uniformity, the Curse of Modern Life”

Mondriaan, P. C., 85, 126

Mondriaan, Piet, Jr., 85, 126, 244

Monism, 29, 206, 213, 249, 287; Monist League, 288

Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of France, 5, 11, 14, 74–75, 366–68

Naturalism, philosophical: AK’s fear of, 47–48, 70, 205–6; as school of thought, 28, 135, 214, 245, 336

Natural sciences, AK’s views toward, 196, 202–4, 207–11, 213–14, 239–40, 341. See also Darwin, Charles

Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk (NHK). See Dutch Reformed Church

Neo-Calvinism, 296, 343, 377, 380

Neo-Kantianism, 214

The Netherlands, Kingdom of (1813-present): economy, 4–6, 12, 65–67, 111, 221–23, 225, 370, 376–77; history, 4–6, 65–67, 298–301, 376–77; social conditions, 12–13, 67–68, 77, 88, 111–12, 115, 128, 234, 247, 364. See also AK: politics; Constitution, Dutch; Dutch Republic

Newman, John Cardinal, 53–54

Nicholas I, Pope, 35

Nicholas II, Czar of Russia, 299

Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, 98, 252; AK’s response to, 32, 244–45, 289

Oldenbarnevelt, Johan van, 9, 85

Ons Program, 114, 136–48, 178, 182, 230, 305, 335, 341; updated 1916-17 as Antirevolutionaire Staatkunde, 365, 370–71

Opzoomer, Cornelis W., 28, 264

Organic/ism, in AK: epistemology, 209–13, 313; in mentors, 24, 76; as mindset, 72–73, 183–84, 247–48, 283, 288, 332; ontology, 209–13, 248–49, 285, 290; political thought, 305, 351, 361; social thought, 133–34, 143, 146, 227, 339, 342; theology, 104–5, 321, 339. See also AK: theology: ecclesiology, visible/“invisible” church

Organizer/organization: as AK’s vocation, xv, xviii, 64–65, 112, 129; AK’s observations of Brighton meetings, 91, 101; of Boer assistance, 164–65; of Doleantie, 150–56, 164, 168; in Dutch Reformed Church, 42, 60; of Free University, 118–20, 122–23. See also AK: politics

Orr, James, 207

“Our Instinctive Life,” 252, 255, 351–53

Palmer, Phoebe, 94, 102

Pantheism, 34, 197, 213, 244–45, 249–50, 288, 335

Parliament, Dutch, 6–7, 13, 82, 89, 114, 138–39, 301, 305, 364–65. See also AK: politics

Patrimonium, 128, 149, 222–23, 228

Patriot Movement, Dutch, 10

Paul, 106, 124, 180, 255–56, 282, 316, 351

Pelagius, 101–2, 200

Perfectionism, Christian. See Holiness movement

Pierson, Allard, 46–47, 58, 62

Pierson, Nicolaas Gerard, 300–301, 305

Pietism, Dutch, 50, 153, 189, 198, 316; and “Later” (also “Further”) Reformation, 9

Pillarization (verzuiling), 255, 343, 377, 381

Pius IX, 68

Plato, 23, 28, 201

Poesiat, Bart, 149

Positivism, 28, 205, 252

Presbyterians, 79, 90, 188–89, 207; in America, xviii, 261, 263, 269–70, 272–73, 278

Progress, ideas of: AK’s, 143–44, 147, 163, 200, 254, 265, 341, 368; among AK’s contemporaries, 123, 147, 205, 210; among AK’s forebears, 28, 56, 67–68, 74, 76; in late 19th century, 239, 246, 249, 251, 253, 287, 293, 299

Progressive Liberals, 68, 112, 115, 117, 157. See also Kappeyne van de Coppello, Joannes

Protestant Church in the Netherlands (Protestantse Kerk in Nederland, PKN), 378

Protestantse Kerk in Nederland (PKN). See Protestant Church in the Netherlands

Puritans: in America, 79–81, 272; in England, 9, 79–81, 189

Railroad strike (1903), Dutch, 309–11

Ranke, Leopold von, 44

Rational supernaturalism, 27, 29, 32

Realism, philosophical, 28–29, 31, 34, 210, 214

Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (Gereformeerde Kerken in Nederland, GKN), 170, 191–92, 196, 378–79. See also Christian Reformed Church in the Netherlands; Doleantie

Reformed Church in America (RCA), 264–66, 276

Remonstrantism, 129, 367. See also Arminianism

Réveil, the: AK and Réveil politics, 82, 132, 312; AK and Réveil theology, 57, 119–20, 153–54, 195–96, 291; character and teachings of, 15–17, 27, 46, 69; history in the Netherlands, 20, 46, 61, 70, 127, 343

Rhodes, Cecil, 290

Robespierre, Maximilien François Marie Isidore Joseph de, 232

Romanticism: in AK, xix, 3, 19, 72; in AK’s epistemology, 205, 209; in AK’s social thought, 183, 201, 381; in AK’s spiritual crisis, 98, 107; influence on AK, 24, 33–34, 40, 143, 174; in Réveil, 15–16, 27–28, 74, 320

Ronkel, Philip S. van, 162

Roosevelt, Theodore, 255, 284, 299

Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 38

Rothe, Richard, 187

Savornin Lohman, Alexander F. de, Squire: conflicts with AK, 221, 229, 232–38, 297, 300, 302, 346, 350; work with AK, 97, 121, 149, 158, 311

Schaay, Johanna. See Kuyper-Schaay, Johanna

Schelling, Friedrich, 31–32, 183–84, 244

Schilder, Klaas, 378

Schiller, Friedrich, 25, 33–35

Schimmelpenninck van der Oye van Hoevlaken, J. E. N., Baron, 233

Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 27, 174, 184, 336

Scholte, Hendrik P., 266

Scholten, Joannes Henricus: relationship with AK, 28–29, 31, 35, 38, 50, 121–22; as theologian, 28–31, 45–48, 129

Schorske, Carl, 252–53

Secession of 1834, 14, 265, 369. See also Christian Reformed Church in North America; Christian Reformed Church in the Netherlands

Separation of church and state, 13, 55, 137–38, 305

Shakespeare, William, 25, 33, 37, 54–55

Smith, Hannah Whitall, 91–95, 97, 100, 106

Smith, Robert Pearsall, 90–97, 100–101

Smuts, Jan Christiaan, 291

Social Democrats, 225, 306, 322, 346, 366

Socialism: history of, 76, 288, 327; in the Netherlands, 157–58, 235, 257, 344–45, 354, 377. See also Domela Nieuwenhuis, Ferdinand; Marx, Karl; Socialists (Dutch political party)

Socialists (Dutch political party), 112, 157, 235, 305–10, 314, 321–22, 361; program and proposals, 112, 222–23, 305–10, 314, 321, 361

Socianism. See Unitarianism

Sorel, Georges, 252, 255, 351, 353

South Africa: and immigration, 127; and South African War, 280, 289–92, 294–96, 367; Transvaal, 164–65, 273, 290–91, 295

Spanish-American War, 265

Spencer, Herbert, 213, 248–49, 286–89

Sphere sovereignty, theory of: later use, 379–82; as political theory, 130–43, 145–48, 329; as social theory, 143–45, 228, 245, 247, 351. See also AK: works

Spiritualism/theosophy, 244, 281–82, 337, 358

Stahl, Friedrich Julius, 75, 137

States-General. See Parliament, Dutch

Steffens, Nicholas, 166, 266, 276, 278

Stoecker, Adolf, 330

Stoker, Hendrik G., 296

Suffrage, popular: agitation for, 112, 157, 222–23, 227–29, 360–61; history in the Netherlands, 77, 196, 216, 300; laws prescribing, 216, 232–34, 364, 372; women’s, 247, 299, 360–61

Surinam, 303, 346. See also Idenburg, Alexander

Switzerland, 46, 98. See also AK: travel, in Europe/Mediterranean

Synod of Dort, 9, 120, 152

Tak van Poortvliet, Johannes Pieter Roetert, 229, 300

Talma, Aritius Sybrandus, 346–47, 350, 356–57

Tecklenburg, Joannes Josephus Ignatius Harte van, 303

Thelwall, Algernon Sydney, 17–18

Thomas à Kempis, 9

Thorbecke, Johan Rudolph: AK’s views of, 20, 138, 218, 313; career, 12–13, 20, 28, 89, 218, 313

Tocqueville, Alexis de, 75

Tönnies, Ferdinand, 214

Toorenenbergen, J. J. van, 120–21

Tractarianism, 38, 43, 53–54

Troelstra, Pieter Jelles: career, 309–11, 321, 372; relationship with AK, 311, 317–18, 321–22, 354–55

Twain, Mark, 246, 251

Unitarianism, 9, 26, 116, 263, 269–71

United Provinces. See Dutch Republic

Utrecht, 70. See also AK: pastorates

Van der Hoogt, Cornelis W., 273–74

Van Gogh, Vincent, 242

Van Houten, Samuel, 229, 233, 300–301

Vatican Council, First, 176

Voetius, Gijsbert, 9–10, 13

Vollenhoven, Dirk Hendrik Theodoor, 378–79

Vos, Gerrit Jan, 160, 162

Vrije Universiteit te Amsterdam. See Free University of Amsterdam

Walzer, Michael, 81

Warfield, Benjamin B., 263–64, 360

Weber, Max: compared to AK, 58, 214, 225, 251, 255, 351; as social theorist, 81, 205, 213–14, 225

Weismann, August, 286

Westhoff, A. J., 162

West Indies Company, Dutch, 18, 128

Westmeijer, Mathilde, 354–55

Wijk, Titus Anthony Jacob van Asch van, Squire, 233

Wilde, Oscar, 117

Wilders, Geert, 381

Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands: career, 138, 303, 314, 317; relationship with AK, 302, 322, 346

William I, King of the Netherlands: career, 11–12, 20; religious policies, 14, 138, 155

William I, Prince of Orange, the Silent, 273

William II, King of the Netherlands, 12–13, 138; religious policies, 16

William II, Prince of Orange, 7–8

William III, King of the Netherlands, 116, 138, 216, 221

William III, Prince of Orange, King of Great Britain and Ireland, 5, 10

William V, Prince of Orange, 10

Wilson, Woodrow, 255, 269, 274, 284, 368

Wintgens, Willem, 89

Worldview: AK’s use of, 32, 50, 247–48, 263, 278; concept in AK’s time, 122, 204–8, 213–14, 245, 253, 287–88; epistemology of, 194–95, 197, 204–10, 341; in Islam, 332; as warrant for Free University, 130, 135, 306, 313–14

World War I, 278, 298, 367–70; Dutch neutrality in, 364

World War II, 301

Yonge, Charlotte Mary, 38, 40, 53. See also The Heir of Redclyffe

Zola, Emile, 280