ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We would like to dedicate this book to the late Joseph Smagorinsky, the founding director of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United States, where we conducted almost all of our studies mentioned in this book. His superb leadership, inspiration, and professional influence enabled us to construct climate models and conduct countless numerical experiments that explored the physical mechanisms of past, present, and future climate change.

We thank Kirk Bryan, who pioneered the development of general circulation models of the ocean. Working with him to develop a coupled ocean-atmosphere model and to explore the role of the ocean in climate change has been a great privilege and a pleasure.

The publication of this book would not have been possible without the encouragement and wholehearted support of the current director of GFDL, Dr. V. Ramaswamy, and the former director of the Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program of Princeton University, Professor Jorge Sarmiento, who have so generously made available the resources of their institutions for this undertaking.

We thank Dennis Hartman, Matthew Huber, and Raymond Pierrehumbert, who read a draft of this book and provided comments that have helped us improve the manuscript. We are also grateful for the efforts of the staff of Princeton University Press, who worked with us to bring this project to completion.

Finally, we thank our wives and life partners, Nobuko Manabe and Carol Broccoli, for their unfailing encouragement during the preparation of this book. We could not have completed it without their patient and unwavering support.