Introduction
1 Officially, the Regency lasted for nine years, from 1811 to 1820. Broadly speaking, however, the Regency period can be defined as the years when George III descended into madness and his son ruled Britain, first as Prince Regent and then as George IV.
2 Patrick Colquhoun, A Treatise on the Wealth, Power, and Resources of the British Empire (London: J.Mawman, 1814), pp. 124–5.
Prologue
1 Parliamentary Archives, HL/PO/JO/10/8/758 Wellesley v Wellesley, which incorporates Wellesley v Beaufort (W v B) affidavits of Dora Tylney Long, William Herbert, Benjamin Schofield.
2 The Times, 12 July 1825.
3 W v B, affidavit 5, Dora Tylney Long.
1. The Richest Heiress in the Kingdom
1 Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice (Ware:Wordsworth Editions, 1992).
2 Newham Heritage and Archives, Hiram Stead Collection of memorabilia, large volume, p. 56. There are three ledgers in the Hiram Stead Collection – a large volume with numbered pages, a small volume and one labelled ‘Materials on Wanstead’. References have been taken from the large volume unless otherwise specified.
3 Tony Tanner, Jane Austen (Harvard University Press, 1986), p. 105.
4 From author’s collection, Catherine Tylney Long aged around twenty-one, engraving published by Edward Churton, after Alfred Edward Chalon (1780–1860).
5 Tim Couzens, Hand of Fate: The History of the Longs, Wellesleys and the Draycot Estate in Wiltshire (Bradford on Avon: ELSP, 2001), family trees pp. 181–8.
6 Lady Catherine Sydney Windsor was the daughter of the 4th Earl of Plymouth.
7 Couzens, Hand of Fate, p. 70.
8 Harriet Bouverie was the sister of the 1st Earl of Radnor and aunt of the 6th Earl of Shaftesbury.
9 Octavia Barry, The Lady Victoria Long-Wellesley: A Memoir by her Eldest God-Daughter (London: Skeffington and Son, 1899), pp. 24–5. Victoria Long-Wellesley was Catherine’s daughter.
10 Ibid.
11 Sir James Tylney Long’s will, TNA PROB/11/1253/199 – transcript courtesy Tim Couzens.
12 Barry, Lady Victoria, pp. 26–7.
13 Ibid.; and also ERO, D/DGn/443, letter, 8 November 1813, from Mr Bullock to John Barry relating to charitable trusts.
14 Metropolitan Magazine, vol. 14, p. 311.
15 Amanda Vickery, Behind Closed Doors: At Home in Georgian England (London: Yale University Press, 2009), p. 82.
16 Four million pounds – multiply by 100 for rough twenty-first-century equivalents. See ‘Notes on the Text’ for an explanation of currency conversions.
17 ODNB, Josiah Child.
18 Philip Beresford and William D. Rubenstein, The Sunday Times Richest of the Rich (Hampshire: Harriman, 2007), p. 187.
19 ODNB, Henry Somerset, 2nd Duke of Beaufort (1684–1714).
20 2nd Duke of Bedford (1680–1711); ODNB Lord John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford (1710–71).
21 Diary entry 14May 1665.
22 John Evelyn and Guy de la Boyodere, The Diary of John Evelyn (Woodbridge: Boydell, 1995), p. 258.
23 Richard Child was created Viscount Castlemaine in 1718 and Earl Tylney in 1731.
24 ODNB, Colen Campbell (1676–1729); Vitruvius Britannicus, vol. 1, drawing of Wanstead House is signed by Campbell and dated 1813.
25 Vitruvius Britannicus, vols 1 and 2 feature Wanstead House prominently, with Campbell claiming that the use of the antique form of templewas ‘the first yet practised in this manner in the kingdom’.
26 Horace Walpole’s Correspondence (vol. 35) with John Chute, Richard Bentley, Earl of Strafford, Sir William Hamilton, Earl and Countess Harcourt and George Hardinge (Yale University Press, 1973), letter to Richard Bentley, Thursday 17 July 1755.
27 Tim Mowl, William Kent: Architect, Designer, Opportunist (London: Jonathan Cape, 2006), p. 87.
28 Detailed descriptions of the interior of the house can be found in: Arthur Young, A Six Weeks Tour, Through the Southern Counties of England and Wales (London: Nicholl, 1768), pp. 242–6; and The Ambulator (London: Scatcherd & Letterman, 1811), pp. 278–81.
29 Tylney’s activities are recounted in chapter 51 of Tobias Smollett’s Roderick Random (1748) through the character of Lord Strutwell – one of the first examples in English fiction of a man said to be ‘notorious for a passion for his own sex’.
30 James Dugdale, The New British Traveller, vol. 2 (London: J. Robins, 1819), p. 410.
31 Stead, p. 75 and p. 78 – c.May 1822, Literary Chronicle extracts.
32 Joan Johnson, Princely Chandos: James Brydges 1674–1744 (New Hampshire: Sutton, 1989), p. 168.
33 Derby Mercury, 4March 1802. The future Louis XVIII’s residence at Wanstead House was recorded several times by the Morning Chronicle (late 1807).
2. In Training
1 Redbridge Information and Heritage, 20130 (f.27).
2 Lady’s Monthly Museum, vol. 1 (1806), p. 244.
3 Stead, p. 61.
4 As early as February 1806, newspapers identified sixteen-year-old Catherine as ‘by far the richest female commoner in England’, Caledonian Mercury (15 February 1806). See also: Janine Barchas, Matters of Fact in Jane Austen: History, Location, and Celebrity (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012), p. 117.
5 Lady’s Monthly Museum, vol. 1 (1806), p. 244.
6 Morning Post, 24March 1807.
7 Susan Brown, Patricia Clements and Isobel Grundy (eds), ‘Mary, Lady Champion de Crespigny’, Orlando:Women’s Writing in the British Isles from the Beginnings to the Present (Cambridge University Press Online, 2006); http://orlando.cambridge.org; 26 August 2014.
8 ODNB, Alfred Edward Chalon (1780–1860).
9 www.britishfineart.com/Cox01.htm; accessed 8 July 2004.
10 Ethel Richardson, The Lion & the Rose (Essex: The Anchor Press Limited, 1922), p. 549.
11 Ibid.
12 Wanstead House sale catalogue (1822) pp. 291–312 lists hundreds of popular novels purchased by Catherine. These include first editions of all Jane Austen’s novels, plus the fify-volume collection British Novelists, with prefaces by Mrs Barbauld, published in 1810. At Stratfield Saye there is an entire bookcase of Catherine’s travel books.
13 William Wellesley, Two Letters to Earl Eldon (London:Millar, 1827), letter, 2 October 1809, from John Barry to Catherine, p. 98.
14 Ibid., p. 97.
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid., letter, 2 October 1809, pp. 94–5.
17 Ibid., letter, 14 September 1810, from John Barry to Catherine, p. 90.
18 Stead, p. 40; The Times, 5 and 12 October 1810; Morning Post, 8 October 1810.
19 Redbridge, 90/96 (E11), accounts dated January 1811.
20 Francis Kilvert and William Plomer, Kilvert’s Diary: Selections ôom the Diary of the Rev. Francis Kilvert, vol. 1, 1 January 1870–19 August 1871, new and corrected ed. (London: Jonathan Cape, 1960), pp. 245–6.
3. London
1 Stead, p. 82; Edith Sitwell, English Eccentrics (London: Folio, 1958), p. 98.
2 Metropolitan Magazine, vol. 14 (London: Saunders and Otley, 1835), pp. 311–12.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid.
5 Thomas Hope, Costume of the Ancients (London:W. Bulmer and Co., 1812).
6 Metropolitan Magazine, vol. 14, p. 311.
7 Stead, p. 25, quote taken from the diary of Lady Charlotte Bury.
8 Morning Chronicle, 4 June 1812; Stead, p. 59.
9 Redbridge, 20135 – the lock of hair is still folded inside the letter.
10 ODNB, Robert Coates (1772–1848).
11 Sitwell, Eccentrics, p. 93.
12 Ibid.
13 Ibid., p. 94.
14 Max Beerbohm, Collected Works of Max Beerbohm (London: Biblio Bazaar, 2007), p. 161.
15 Richardson, The Lion & the Rose, p. 548.
16 Thomas Swymmer Champneys (1769–1839).
17 Redbridge, 20130 (f. 30 and f. 34), c. June 1811.
18 Ibid.
19 Sir George Jackson, The Bath Archives, vol. 1 (London, 1873), entry 9May 1811, pp. 244–5.
20 Charlotte Bury, Diary of a Lady in Waiting, vol. I (London: Bodley Head, 1908), p. 71.
21 Arthur Aspinall, Mrs Jordan&her Family (London: Barker, 1951), pp. 207–8, letter, 19 October 1811, from the Duke of Clarence to Lady de Crespigny.
22 Stead, p. 82.
4.The Prince’s Ball
1 Venetia Murray, High Society in the Regency Period (London: Penguin, 1999), p. 211.
2 Morning Chronicle, 21 June 1811.
3 The Times, 21 June 1811.
4 Morning Chronicle, 21 June 1811.
5 Claire Tomalin, Mrs Jordan’s Profession: The Story of a Great Actress and a Future King (London: Penguin, 1994), p. 239.
6 Roy Porter, English Society in the Eighteenth Century (London: Penguin, 2001), p. 15.
7 Ibid.
8 E. P. Thompson and Eileen Yeo, The Unknown Mayhew (Middlesex: Penguin, 1973), p. 20.
9 Ibid., p. 137.
10 E. P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class (London: Penguin, 1991).
11 Vic Gatrell, City of Laughter: Sex and Satire in Eighteenth-Century London (Great Britain: Atlantic Books, 2006).
12 Print freely available on the Internet.
13 Aspinall, Mrs Jordan, pp. 210–11, letter, 22 October 1811, from Duke of Clarence to Lady de Crespigny.
5. A Lady of Business
1 BMS, 11744.
2 ERO D/DGn 433–40, group of letters recording actions of William Bullock as he conducted an audit for Catherine. One document dated 24 September 1811 shows the wording to be appended to the completed maps: ‘Property of Miss Tylney Long (Richardson, Lowfield and Whitton)’.
3 Ibid., D/DB F116/1–4 – 1810–32.
4 Redbridge, 90/96 (E20) letter, 4May 1811; and (E13) letter, 13 April 1811.
5 Wellesley, Letters to Eldon, letter, 2 October 1809, from John Barry to Catherine, p. 94.
6 Ibid.
7 TNA PROB 11/1253/199.
8 Wellesley, Letters to Eldon, p. 95.
9 ERO, D/DB F116/1–4 – 1810–32, letter, 18 October 1810.
10 Ibid.
11 BL, Add MS 52483, f. 112, letter, 2 February 1811, from Bullock to Catherine – sent to Draycot House.
12 Ibid.
13 Redbridge, 20130 (f. 47), letter, 1March 1811.
14 Ibid.
15 Morning Chronicle, 2 July 1811.
16 Morning Post, 14 July 1811.
17 Morning Post, 15 July 1811.
18 Morning Post, 8 June 1811.
19 ‘Miss Tilney Long’s Waltz’ was performed at the Jane Austen Festival in 2013.
20 Morning Post, 15 July 1811.
21 Tomalin, Mrs Jordan, pp. 244–5.
6.The Finest Young Dandy
1 La Boudoir, 1 April 1837.
2 Arthur Wellesley did not become Lord Wellington until after the Battle of Talavera in 1809, but for the purposes of continuity he will be referred to as Wellington throughout.
3 Barry, Lady Victoria, p. 28.
4 Stead, p. 40.
5 Numerous theories exist for how the name ‘polo’ was derived and this is one theory.
6 Fun Magazine, 3 August 1872.
7 Ian Kelly, Beau Brummell: The Ultimate Man of Style (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 2005), p. 214.
8 Ibid.
9 Ben Wilson, Decency and Disorder 1789–1837 (London: Faber and Faber, 2007).
10 Jackson, Bath Archives, entry 9May 1811, pp. 244–5.
11 Stead, p. 25.
12 The Times, 16 July 1816.
13 Mirza Abul Hassan Khan (edited by Margaret Morris Cloake), A Persian at the Court of King George 1809–10: The Journal of Mirza Abul Hassan Khan(London: Barrie & Jenkins, 1988), pp. 235–6.
14 Anon., Letters from an Irish Student to his Father, vol. 1 (London: Lewis, 1809), p. 197.
15 Ibid., p. 201; Greg Roberts, unpublished Ph D thesis.
16 Morning Chronicle, 16 August 1811. Poem attributed to the Cocoa-Tree Club; one of the authors was probably Lord Byron.
17 Stead, p. 67; Redbridge 20135 (f. 38–39).
18 Stead, p. 67, 14 August 1811.
19 Morning Chronicle, 17 August 1811.
20 Redbridge, 20135 (f. 36), 9 August 1811.
7.The Royal Lover
1 Philip Ziegler, King William IV (Great Britain: Redwood Press, 1973), p. 104.
2 Aspinall, Mrs Jordan, p. 208, letter from Duke of Clarence dated 11 October 1811.
3 Ibid., p. 210, letter, 22 October 1811.
4 Ibid.
5 Ibid., p. 211, letter, 27 October 1811.
6 Tomalin, Mrs Jordan, p. 247.
7 BMS, 11844.
8 Aspinall, Mrs Jordan, p. 208, letter, 19 October 1811.
9 Ibid.
10 Ibid.
11 Ibid., p. 211, letter, 22 October 1811.
12 Barry, Lady Victoria, p. 28.
13 BMS, 11747.
14 Kilvert, Diary, pp. 245–6.
15 Morning Chronicle, 3 January 1812.
16 The Times, 1 January 1812;Morning Chronicle, 3 January 1812.
17 BMS, 11947.
18 Aspinall, Mrs Jordan, p. 214, letter, 9 November 1811.
19 Redbridge 20126 (f. 10) and 20127 (f. 19), letter, 20 November 1811, Mr Pole to Catherine.
20 Ziegler, William IV, p. 106.
21 Stead, p. 66, c. November 1811.
22 Redbridge, 20135 (f. 11).
8. A Dynamic Family
1 Elizabeth Longford, Wellington: Years of the Sword (London:Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1971), p. 163.
2 Ibid.
3 Greg Roberts, The Forgotten Brother, unpublished MA dissertation.
4 Greg Roberts, unpublished Ph.D. thesis. According to the baptismal records now held at Westminster Archives, Sophia Dubochet was baptised at St George’s, Hanover Square on the same day as William (19 July 1788). Sophia was a well-known courtesan; sister to the notorious Harriette Wilson (1786–1845).
5 Greg Roberts, unpublished MA dissertation.
6 Redbridge 20130 (f. 49), letter 2 December 1817, from Mary Bagot to William.
7 Ibid., (f. 18), letter 19 January 1807 from Reverend Gilly to William.
8 Ibid., (f. 41).
9 Elizabeth Longford, Wellington: Pillar of State (London:Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1972), p. 251.
10 Painted in Vienna when William was sixteen years old, courtesy Stratfield Saye Preservation Trust.
11 BL, Add MS 47234, John Cam Hobhouse, Diary, entry dated 17 June 1810.
12 John Cam Hobhouse, Journey through Albania (London: Cawthorn, 1813), with addendum added 1818.
13 The Daily Advertiser, Oracle, and True Briton, 16 September 1808.
14 Redbridge, 20135 (f. 36), letter, 17 September 1808, from Mary Bagot to William.
15 ‘Some Letters of the Duke of Wellington to his brother William Wellesley-Pole, edited by Sir Charles Webster’, Camden Miscellany, vol. XVIII (London: Royal Historical Society, 1948), pp. 8–9, letter, 6 September 1808.
16 The Daily Advertiser, Oracle, and True Briton, 16 September 1808.
17 The Times, 13 October 1809.
18 Josceline Bagot, Canning and Friends (London:Murray, 1909), p. 338, letter, 30 October 1809.
9. Engagement
1 Redbridge, 20135 (f. 16), letter, 25 November 1811.
2 Ibid. (f. 10), letter, 20 November 1811.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid. (f. 62), an anonymous letter, c. late November 1811.
5 Redbridge, 20130 (f. 27), letter, 2March 1812 from J. Scott to Catherine.
6 Redbridge, 90/96 (E8), letter, 13 October 1825, from Bouverie to Dora Tylney Long.
7 Stead, p. 64.
8 Redbridge, 20127 (f. 24), 1 February 1812.
9 Edwina Ehrman, The Wedding Dress: 300 Years of Bridal Fashions (London: V&A Publishing, 2014), pp. 43–59.
10 Redbridge, 90/96 (E19) and (E20).
11 Table adapted from Couzens, Hand of Fate, p. 74.
12 W v B, affidavit 44, Julius Hutchinson (Catherine’s solicitor).
13 Redbridge, 90/96 (E20), Marriage Settlement dated 13March 1812.
14 Ibid.
15 Redbridge, 90/96 (E10), letter, 16 October 1823.
16 Redbridge, 20135 (f. 12), letter, 8 January 1812.
17 Redbridge, 20135 (passim).
18 Redbridge, 20127 (f. 19), letter, 20 November 1811, from Mr Pole to Catherine.
19 Ibid.
20 Ibid.
10. A Celebrity Wedding
1 Bell’s Court and Fashionable Magazine, March 1812.
2 Morning Chronicle, 17March 1812.
3 Ibid.
4 Ehrman, The Wedding Dress, pp. 43–59.
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid.
7 Christie’s sale catalogue, dated 18May 1827.
8 Hull Packet, 24March 1812.
9 Ibid.
10 Lancashire Gazette, 18 January 1812.
11 Stead, p. 65, c. 14March 1812.
12 Ibid.
13 Morning Chronicle, 3 April 1812; and also in Catherine’s private papers at Redbridge Archives.
14 Ibid.
15 Lancashire Gazette, 15 January 1812.
16 Barchas, Matters of Fact in Jane Austen: History, Location and Celebrity.
17 Redbridge, 20135 (f. 13), letter, 24 November 1811, from Shawe to William.
11. Lord of the Manor
1 Morning Chronicle, 11 July 1812.
2 Morning Chronicle, 1 August 1812.
3 ERO, 22 June 1822.
4 Baily’s Monthly Magazine, 1March 1893.
5 William Addison, Wanstead Park (London: Corporation of London, 1973), p. 11.
6 Baily’s Monthly Magazine, 1March 1893.
7 Stead, p. 71, Easter Monday 1813.
8 ERO D/DCw F1, Lease Document, dated 9 October 1812.
9 Outbuildings specified in Sale Catalogue.
12. Tenderly She Loved Him
1 Barry, Lady Victoria, p. 32.
2 Redbridge, 90/96 (E16), letter, 14 September 1825.
3 Ibid.
4 Stead, p. 71, 2 February 1813.
5 Ibid., 9 February 1813.
6 Morning Post, 15 July 1814.
7 Amanda Foreman, Georgiana Duchess of Devonshire (London: Harper Collins, 1999), p. 3.
8 Leeds Mercury, 14March 1812.
9 Bell’s Court and Fashionable Magazine, 14March 1812.
10 Hull Packet, 7 April 1812.
11 Longford, Pillar of State, p. 122.
12 Morning Chronicle, 7 August 1812.
13 La Belle Assemblée, London, April 1808.
14 Richardson, The Lion&the Rose, pp. 471–2.
13.Member of Parliament
1 ODNB, Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751–1816), playwright and politician.
2 Sheridan once lived close to Wanstead House, in a building now called Sheridan Mews, at the top of Wanstead High Street.
3 ERO, Chelmsford Chronicle, 24 July 1812.
4 Baily’s Monthly Magazine of Sports&Pastimes, 1 October 1863.
5 Ibid.
6 London Daily Advertiser, 5 April 1753.
7 Old England, 5 September 1749.
8 The Public Advertiser, 26March 1788.
9 Morning Post, 28March 1796.
10 London Chronicle, 26March 1785.
11 Stead, p. 71, Easter Monday 1813.
12 Ibid.
13 ODNB, Lady Caroline Scott (1784–1857). Her novel A Marriage in High Life (London: Colburn, 1828) is based on Catherine’s life, with a thinly veiled reference to her in its opening preface.
14 Morning Post, 14 June 1809.
15 Morning Post, 27 June 1811.
16 http://collections.britishart.yale.edu/vuënd/Record/2038414/ Description; accessed 9 September 2014.
14. Joy and Pain
1 Redbridge, 90/96 (E11), letter, 7 January 1813.
2 Ibid., letter, 11 January 1813.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid., letter, 12 January 1813.
5 ERO D/DB F116 1–4 – documents outlining accounts for the year 1811 upon which William has added comments.
6 Ibid.
7 ERO, Chelmsford Chronicle, 14May 1813.
8 Amanda Vickery, The Gentleman’s Daughter:Women’s Lives in Georgian England (London: Yale University Press, 2003), p. 97.
9 Kent County Archives (U1371), letter, 8 October 1813, from Emily to Priscilla.
10 Vickery, Gentleman’s Daughter, p. 103.
11 Stead, p. 71.
12 Ibid.
13 Kent County Archives (U1371 C9), letter, 9 October 1813.
14 Ibid., letter, 23 October 1813, from Emily to Priscilla.
15. A Consumer Society
1 Kelly, Brummell, p. 194.
2 Meyer &Mortimer Tailors, No. 6 Sackville Street, Mayfair, London W1.
3 Kelly, Brummell, p. 203.
4 John Harris, The Palladian Revival (London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1995) p. 14.
5 ODNB, Colen Campbell.
6 Examiner, 9 January 1814.
7 Modification of floor plan in the architect’s drawings (author’s collection).
8 Christie’s believe that the French buhl at Wanstead was purchased by William.
9 All descriptions of furniture and interiors taken from sale catalogue.
10 Examiner, 9 January 1814.
11 Author’s calculation in accordance with floor plans and items listed in sale catalogue.
12 Stead, report c.May 1822, p. 68.
16. Festivities at Wanstead House
1 Stead, p. 72.
2 Stead, p. 72, 27 June 1814.
3 Baily’s Monthly Magazine, 1 October 1863.
4 Ibid.
5 Stead, p. 68, 21 August 1814.
6 Ibid.
7 Ipswich Journal, 6 August 1814.
8 Frances Shelley, The Diary of Frances Lady Shelley (London: John Murray, 1912), p. 68.
9 Ibid.
10 Stead, p. 68, 3 July 1814.
11 Ibid., p. 69.
12 Chelmsford Chronicle, 16 August 1816.
13 Ibid.
14 Ibid.
15 Examiner, 9 January 1814.
16 Foreman, Georgiana, p. 213.
17 Murray, High Society, pp. 231–2.
18 Ibid.
19 Descriptions of interiors in this chapter taken from sale catalogue.
20 Foreman, Georgiana, p. 134.
21 ODNB, George Bryan Brummell (1778–1840), dandy and socialite.
22 Sunday Times, 5 November 1826.
23 Stead, p. 107, 27 November 1826, reporting on Libel Action The King v John Chapman.
24 Sunday Times, 27 November 1826.
25 Redbridge, 90/96 (E1), letter, 22 September 1825.
26 Kent County Archives, U1371, letter, 15 December 1811.
27 Ibid., letter, 8 October 1813.
28 Redbridge, 20130 (f. 36).
29 Kent County Archives, U1371 C10, letter, 3March 1814.
30 ERO, TB/39/1, trial transcript The King v Long Wellesley.
31 Greg Roberts, The Closure of Wanstead Park, 1813 (2012), unpublished article.
17.Waterloo
1 Sophia Bagot, Links with the Past (London: Edward Arnold, 1901), pp. 103–4.
2 Ibid., p. 110.
3 Ibid., p. 114.
4 Ibid., p. 113.
5 J. Gore (ed.), The Creevey Papers (London: Batsford, 1963), p. 152.
6 Ibid., pp. 150–52.
7 ODNB, Arthur Wellesley.
8 Shelley, Diary, p. 102.
9 Longford, Pillar of State, p. 16.
10 ODNB, Arthur Wellesley.
18.Money Wars
1 Wellesley, Letters to Eldon, letter, 2 October 1809, from John Barry to Catherine, p. 94.
2 John Wilson, A Soldier’s Wife:Wellington’s Marriage (London: Weidenfield & Nicolson, 1987), p. 128.
3 W v B, affidavit 44, Julius Hutchinson.
4 Ibid.
5 Stead, p. 65.
6 Morning Chronicle, 13 April 1819.
7 John and Hunter Robinson, The Life of Robert Coates: Better Known as ‘Romeo’ and ‘Diamond’ Coates (London: Low, Marsten, 1891), p. 37.
8 Wellesley, Letters to Eldon, p. 5.
9 Ibid.
10 W v B, affidavit 7, John Meara, cites letter c. Feb 1825, from William to Helena Bligh.
11 Author has received private correspondence from more than one source, from various people claiming to be a descendant of William via illegitimate birth.
12 Stead, c. October 1815.
13 Jeffery, Gardens, p. 33.
14 Oliver Dawson, The Story of Wanstead Park (London: Ùomas Hood Memorial Press, 1995).
15 Stead, book extract, The Essex Review, pp. 224–7.
16 W v B, affidavit 44, Julius Hutchinson.
17 Ibid.
19.The Dishonest Cleric and Other Anecdotes
1 Raglan MS, D.3135.
2 Austen, Pride & Prejudice, p. 14.
3 W v B, letter, 1March 1825.
20.The Bastard
1 T. A. J. Burnett, The Rise and Fall of a Regency Dandy (Oxford University Press, 1983), p. 143.
2 Ibid., p. 40.
3 BL, Add MS 47234, and John Cam Hobhouse, Recollections of a Long Life (London: John Murray, 1910), diary entry 5 February 1818.
4 Ibid.
5 Redbridge, 20135 (f. 19), undated letter, c. early 1818.
6 Burnett, Regency Dandy, pp. 39–40.
7 BL, Add MS 47234, Hobhouse, Journal, diary entry 1March 1818.
8 BL, Add MS 42093 f. 80 and f. 82, Byron Collection, diary entry 26March 1818.
9 Ibid.
10 Barry, Lady Victoria, p. 100.
11 W v B, affidavit 2, Henry Bicknell.
12 R. Turner, The Parlour Letter Writer (Philadelphia: Cowperthwait, 1858).
13 Hartley Library, University of Southampton, Wellington Papers WP1/1185/33, letter, 28 July 1831, from Maria Kinnaird to the Duke of Wellington.
14 Ibid.
15 Iris Butler, The Eldest Brother (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1973), p. 493.
16 Apsley House still stands at Hyde Park Corner (149 Piccadilly) overlooking Rotten Row. It is now the Wellington Museum, open to the public and containing all the trophies mentioned in this chapter.
17 ERO, D/DB F116/1-4 – 1810–1832, letter 21 January 1818.
18 Ibid.
19 Correspondence of John Fremantle, courtesy of Charles Fremantle, letter, 1 September 1817.
20 Ibid., letter, 18 July 1817.
21 Ibid., letter, 3March 1818.
22 Anonymous, Kaleidoscopiana Wiltoniensia (London: Brettell, 1818), p. 3; entry dated 25 February 1818.Much of the information in the next chapter is taken from Kaleidoscopiana Wiltoniensia, a comprehensive 406-page publication printed shortly aíer the 1818 election. The book contains a miscellany of newspaper articles, campaign letters, colourful first-hand accounts of William’s electioneering, plus transcripts of his speeches.
23 Ibid., p. 342.
21. Cock of the Walk
1 Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class, p. 119.
2 Anon., Kaleidoscopiana Wiltoniensia, p. 342.
3 BL, Add MS 52483, f. 118/9, letter from Shawe to William dated 27 September 1817.
4 See entry for Wiltshire County in R. G. Thorne, The History of Parliament: House of Commons 1790–1820, vol. 5 (London: Secker, 1986).
5 Anon., Kaleidoscopiana Wiltoniensia, pp. 10–15, taken from Salisbury and Winchester Journal, 16March 1818.
6 Ibid.
7 Ibid., pp. 17–18.
8 Ibid., pp. 40–43.
9 Ibid., pp. 19–21.
10 Ibid., p. 31.
11 Anon., Kaleidoscopiana Wiltoniensia, all quotes attributed to William in this chapter are his own as represented in transcripts of his speeches.
12 Redbridge, 20135 (f. 2), letter, 6 June 1818.
13 Unless otherwise specified, all information and quotes in this chapter taken from Kaleidoscopiana Wiltoniensia, pp. 294–365.
22. Blind Man’s Bluff
1 Wellesley, Letters to Eldon, p. 6.
2 ERO, D/DB F116/1–4 – 1810–32, letter from Catherine to William, c. April 1818.
3 Redbridge, 90/96 (E17), letters, 15 November 1819 from Chartree and Bidwell solicitors.
4 TNA, MINT 1/56, Banks to Wellesley Pole, 21 June 1817.
5 The Times, 10 February 1819.
6 Ibid., 1 December 1819.
7 Ibid., 2 December 1819.
8 Ibid., 30 November 1819.
9 Ibid., 5 February 1819.
10 Ibid.
11 Wilfred Dowden, Journal of Thomas Moore (London: AUP, 1983), entry 12May 1819.
12 W v B, affidavit 2, Bicknell.
13 Ibid.
14 The Courier, 17March 1820.
15 Ibid., 16March 1820.
16 Stead, book extract, The Essex Review, p. 227.
23. France
1 Captain Jesse, The Life of Beau Brummell (London: Navarre, 1927), vol. 1, p. 292.
2 W v B, affidavit 11, George Brummell.
3 Stead, small volume, 11May 1820.
4 W v B, affidavit 21, William cites letter c. September 1822.
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid.
7 Ibid.
8 Redbridge, 90/96 (E20).
9 Dowden, Moore’s Journal.
10 W v B, affidavit 69, John Randall.
11 W v B, affidavit 3, Bicknell.
12 Dowden, Moore’s Journal, entry 28 February 1821.
13 Ibid., entry 19March 1821.
14 Ibid., entry 23 August 1821.
15 W v B, supplementary evidence cited by Bicknell, Paris, May 1824.
24. Riches of Ages
1 BL, Add MS 52483 pp. 121–2, letter, 15 December 1820.
2 ERO, D/DB F116/1–4 – 1810–32, letter, 22 December 1820.
3 Redbridge, 20135 (f. 2), letter, 22 February 1821.
4 ERO, D/DB F116/1–4 – 1810–32, document dated 21 February 1821.
5 Stead, p. 76, c.May 1822.
6 Ibid., pp. 75, 78, extract from Literary Chronicle.
7 Ibid., extract from Manchester Iris.
8 Ibid.
9 Ibid., pp. 75, 78, extract from Literary Chronicle.
10 BMS, 14669.
11 Stead, pp. 75, 78, extract from Literary Chronicle.
12 Ibid., extract from Manchester Iris.
13 ERO, D/DB F116/4, letter, c. 22 June 1822.
14 Redbridge, 90/96 (E15), letter, 27 November 1823.
15 Stead, p. 60, c. August 1822, Jeu d’Esprit, New York.
16 Kelly, Brummell, p. 340.
17 W v B, affidavit 11, Brummell.
18 Ibid.
19 W v B, letter from William to Pitman dated 16 November 1824.
20 W v B, affidavit 3, Bicknell; and affidavit 4, Meara.
21 W v B, affidavit 95, Bicknell.
22 W v B, affidavit 4, Meara.
25. Sale of the Century
1 ODNB, George Henry Robins (1777–1847).
2 Robins is lampooned as Mr Hammerdown in Thackeray’s Vanity Fair.
3 ERO, D/DB F116/4, letter, 22 June 1822, from Shawe to William.
4 Many of the details in this chapter are taken from the Wanstead House Sale Catalogue – author’s own copy – which was used by the administrators and as such contains full details of the final sale price of each item.
5 Stead, p. 76.
6 Ibid., p. 18, report of opening day of the sale, 22 June 1822.
7 ERO, D/DB F116/4, letter from Shawe to William c. 22 June 1822.
8 Ibid.
9 Morning Chronicle, 8 July 1822.
10 The Parisian armoire sold for £1, 016, 000 at Christie’s in London on 15 December 2005, revealing the quality of the furnishings at Wanstead House, as well as the ridiculously low auction prices.
11 ODNB, George Henry Robins.
12 ERO, D/DB F116/4, letter, 22 June 1822.
13 Stead, p. 78.
26. Crisis at Calais
1 W v B, affidavit 4, Meara.
2 W v B, affidavit 76, William, cites letter 27 June 1822.
3 Ibid.
4 W v B, affidavit 47, Pitman.
5 W v B, affidavit 52, Robert Southcote.
6 Redbridge, 20135 (f. 24), letter, 2 February 1807.
7 Ibid.
8 Redbridge, 20127 (f. 20), letter, 16 August 1822.
9 Ibid.
27. Naples
1 W v B, affidavit 60, Pitman.
2 W v B, affidavit 42, David Holmes.
3 Barry, Lady Victoria, p. 35.
4 Ibid., p. 34.
5 Redbridge, 90/96 (E13), letter, 25 November 1822.
6 Ibid.
7 Barry, Lady Victoria, p. 35.
8 Ibid.
9 Ibid., p. 23, letter, 4 February 1823.
10 Ibid., pp. 35–6, letter, 4 February 1823.
11 Redbridge, 90/96 (E20), Marriage Settlement dated 13March 1812.
12 Redbridge, 20127 (f. 14), letter, 25 February 1823.
13 Ibid., 90/96 (E8), letter, 27 February 1823.
14 Ibid., letter, 26 February 1823.
15 Ibid.
28. Nothing Lasts Forever
1 Stead, Materials on Wanstead, c.May 1823.
2 Ibid.
3 Stead, p. 78, c. July 1823.
4 W v B, affidavit 39, Bulkeley.
5 W v B, affidavit 54, Helena Bligh.
6 ODNB, William Richard Hamilton (1777–1859), antiquary and diplomatist. Primary source material refers to William Hamilton as the British ambassador; his official title was envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary.
7 Edith Clay, Lady Blessington at Naples (London: Hamish Hamilton Ltd, 1979); Lady Charlotte Bury, Diary.
8 ODNB, Sir William Gell (1777–1836), classical archaeologist and traveller.
29. Treading on a Volcano
1 W v B, affidavit 3, Bicknell.
2 W v B, affidavit 4, Meara.
3 W v B, affidavit 1, Bulkeley.
4 W v B, affidavit 35, Julius Hutchinson, cites statement from Catherine.
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid.
7 Ibid.
8 W v B, affidavit 4, Meara.
9 History of Parliament Online, entry for William Pole Tylney Long Wellesley.
10 Details in this chapter are taken from W v B, affidavit 35, Hutchinson, which cites statements from Catherine.
11 ODNB, Sir Richard Church (1784–1873), soldier and philhellene.
12 W v B, affidavit 4, Meara.
13 Bligh v Wellesley (1826), testimony of Edward Bligh.
14 W v B, affidavit 4, Meara.
15 W v B, affidivit 53, William.
16 WvB, affidavit 4, Meara.
17 Ibid.
18 Bligh v Wellesley, testimonies of Deborah Stephens and Mary Milton, maids at the Bligh household.
19 W v B, affidavit 35, Hutchinson.
20 Quotes in following section taken from W v B, affidavit 5, Bulkeley.
30. Always the Last to Know
1 Bligh v Wellesley, testimony of Mrs Maxwell.
2 W v B, affidavit 54, Helena Bligh; 76, William.
3 Bligh v Wellesley, testimony of Mrs Maxwell.
4 W v B, affidavit 4, Meara.
5 W v B, affidavit 54, Helena Bligh.
6 Yale University, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, letter, 3 September 1823, from Wellington to William Hamilton.
7 Ibid.
8 W v B, affidavit 54, Helena Bligh.
9 W v B, affidavit 76, William.
10 W v B, affidavit 1, Bulkeley.
11 Ibid.
12 W v B, affidavit 8, James Nixon – enclosing a copy of the affidavit William swore in Naples.
13 Ibid.
14 Ibid.
15 Ibid.
16 Quotes in following section taken from W v B, affidavit 35, Hutchinson, which cites statement from Catherine.
17 W v B, affidavit 76, William.
18 Yale, Beinecke Library, letter, 3 September 1823, from Wellington to William Hamilton.
19 W v B, affidavit 76, William.
20 Bligh v Wellesley, testimony of Mr Hamilton, British consul at Naples.
21 Ibid.
22 Ibid.
23 The following exchange is taken from the testimony of Mr Hamilton, British consul at Naples – which included copies of letters between himself and William in August 1823. These letters were published in the English newspapers that autumn.
24 W v B, affidavit 1, Bulkeley.
31. Acting in the Dark
1 W v B, affidavit 76, William, cites letters.
2 Ibid.
3 Ibid.
4 W v B, statement made by Catherine.
5 Correspondence of William Henry Fox Talbot internet resource http:// foxtalbot.dmu.ac.uk/index.html, De Montford University and University of Glasgow, entry 29 October 1823.
6 W v B, statement made by Catherine.
7 Redbridge, 20127 (f. 16).
8 ERO D/DB F116/1–4 – 1810–32, c. 20 September 1825.
9 Ibid.
10 Couzens, Hand of Fate, p. 70.
11 W v B, affidavit 39, Bulkeley.
12 W v B, statement made by Catherine.
13 Morning Chronicle, 16 December 1823.
14 W v B, affidavit 47, Pitman.
15 W v B, affidavit 1, Bulkeley.
16 Ibid., for all quotes in this paragraph.
32. Florence
1 Redbridge, 90/96 (E15), letter, 27 November 1823.
2 John Fane, The Correspondence of Lord Burghersh 1808–1840 (London: John Murray, 1912), pp. 9–10.
3 W v B, statement made by Catherine.
4 Events in this chapter are taken from W v B, testimonies of Bulkeley, Pitman and Meara – which support and collaborate with each other and also tie in with Catherine’s statement. Naturally, William’s version of events is very different, but his testimony was notoriously unreliable, especially because it was later proven in court that he had committed perjury.
5 W v B, affidavit 4, Meara.
6 Quotes in following section taken from W v B, affidavit 60, Pitman.
7 Quotes in following section taken from W v B, affidavit 1, Bulkeley.
8 Stead, p. 98.
9 Quotes in following section taken from W v B, affidavit 39, Bulkeley.
10 W v B, affidavit 60, Pitman.
11 Ibid.
12 Quotes in following section taken from W v B, affidavits 1 and 39, Bulkeley.
33.The Final Straw
1 Anon., Kaleidoscopiana Wiltoniensia, speech made by William on 8May 1818.
2 Jehanne Wake, Sisters of Fortune:The First American Heiresses to Take Europe by Storm (London: Chatto &Windus), p. 140.
3 Francis Bamford, The Journal of Mrs Arbuthnot, vol. I (London: Macmillan, 1950), p. 421.
4 Quotes in following section taken from W v B, affidavits 9 and 10, Bulkeley.
5 W v B, affidavit 1, Bulkeley.
6 Ibid.
7 Quotes in following section taken from W v B, affidavit 40, Meara.
8 Lawrence Stone, Road to Divorce: England 1530 to 1987 (Guildford: Biddles, 1990), p. 240.
9 W v B, affidavit 39, Bulkeley.
10 W v B, affidavit 47, Pitman.
11 Quotes in following section taken from W v B, affidavit 39, Bulkeley.
34. Catherine’s Letter
1 In 1801 the rate was increased to the London Twopenny Post.
2 Redbridge, 90/96 (E10), letter, 21 June 1824; also in W v B, letters submitted in evidence, and cited in several contemporary newspapers.
3 Hallie Rubenhold, Lady Worsley’s Whim (London: Chatto &Windus, 2008), p. 104.
4 Harriett Beecher Stowe, Lady Byron Vindicated (Boston: Fields, Osgood, & Co., 1870), p. 33.
35. Don’t Forget Me
1 Quotes in following section taken from W v B, affidavit 10, Bulkeley.
2 Quotes in following section taken from Redbridge (E10), letters dated 10–11 July 1824; and W v B, letters submitted in evidence.
3 Redbridge, 90/96 (E10);W v B, letters submitted in evidence.
4 Ibid., letter, 15 July 1824;W v B, letters submitted in evidence.
5 Stead, p. 78, c. July 1824, Devizes Gazette press cutting.
36. A Monster Amongst Savages
1 W v B, affidavit 10, Bulkeley, cites letter 19 July 1824.
2 The Age, 4 February 1827.
3 Redbridge, 20135 (f. 21), letter, 2 August 1824.
4 Morning Chronicle, 2 November 1826, printed letter, 4 April 1824.
5 Quotes in following section taken from W v B, affidavit 40, Meara.
6 W v B, affidavit 21, William.
7 Quotes in this section from Redbridge, 20135 (21), letter, 2 August 1824.
8 W v B, affidavit 39, Bulkeley, cites letter from Catherine dated 2 September 1824.
37. Draycot House
1 Redbridge, 90/96 (E3), letter, 28 October 1824.
2 W v B, letter, 3 September 1824, from William to James.
3 W v B, letter, 15 September 1824, from William to Pitman.
4 A. M. Hardie, The Epistolary Guide (New York: S. Marks, 1817) p. v.
5 W v B, letter, 10 October 1824, from William to Pitman.
6 Ibid., letter, 21 October 1824.
7 Redbridge, 90/96 (E10), fragment of letter, c. late 1824.
8 W v B, affidavit 99, Gilbert Langdon.
9 W v B, letter, 30 November 1824, from William to his son Will.
10 Redbridge, 90/96 (E3), letter, October 28 1824.
11 Quotes in this section taken from W v B, affidavit 39, Bulkeley, cites letter 10 February 1825 from Catherine to Bulkeley.
38.Go to the Devil
1 W v B, affidavit 7, Meara, cites note from William to Helena Bligh.
2 Stead, p. 80, c. October 1824.
3 Quotes in this section taken from William Wellesley’s Letters to Lord Eldon, p. 103, containing a letter, 22 January 1825, from William to Maryborough.
4 Redbridge, 90/96 (E17), letter, 29 August 1824.
5 W v B, letter, 25 April 1825, from William to Pitman.
6 Redbridge, 90/96 (E23), letter, 6March 1825.
7 Redbridge, 20127 (f. 23), 20August 1824.
8 Ibid.
9 Redbridge, 90/06 (E2), 23 August 1824.
10 Stead, p. 81, c. 1825.
11 W v B, letter, 16 November 1824, from William to Pitman.
39. Strain Every Nerve
1 W v B, affidavit 39, Bulkeley, attached letter from Catherine dated 20May 1825.
2 Bouverie was named guardian to Catherine and her siblings if Lady Catherine should die during their minority.
3 Redbridge, 90/96 (E8), letter, 21May 1825.
4 Ibid.
5 Ibid., letter, early August 1825.
6 Ibid., letter, 21May 1825.Windsor may have been alluding to the poet Percy Shelley, who lost custody of his children in 1817. This custody suit, however, was not instigated by his wife. Shelley had abandoned her and his children in 1814, but he tried to gain custody following his wife’s suicide in 1816. The maternal grandparents retained guardianship, however, citing various grounds including the allegation that Shelley was insane.
7 Stowe, Lady Byron Vindicated, p. 38.
8 Ibid.
9 Ibid., p. 37.
10 Ibid., p. 6.
11 Stone, Road to Divorce, p. 325.
12 Ibid., p. 326.
13 Redbridge, 90/96 (E10).
14 W v B, affidavit 39, Bulkeley.
15 Ibid.
40. Siege at Clarges Street
1 Redbridge, 90/96 (E17), letter, 19 August 1824.
2 Ibid. (E24) letter, 22 February 1825.
3 Ibid. (E22), letter, 4 June 1825; also W v B, affidavit 33, Dora Tylney Long.
4 Ibid.
5 Ibid. (E3), letter, 5 June 1825.
6 Ibid., letter, 8 June 1825.
7 Ibid.
8 W v B, affidavit 21, William, cites letter 15 June 1825.
9 Redbridge, 09/96 (E24) letter, 3 July 1825;W v B, affidavit 44, Julius Hutchinson.
10 Ibid.
11 Ibid.
12 W v B, affidavits of Dora Tylney Long, William Herbert, Benjamin Schofield.
13 The Times, 12 July 1825.
14 W v B, affidavit 5, Dora Tylney Long.
15 Quotes in following section taken from W v B, affidavit 30, Bicknell.
16 Quotes in following section taken from W v B, affidavit 92, William Herbert, under butler.
17 Quotes in following section taken from W v B, affidavit 50, Benjamin Schoëeld, police officer.
18 Redbridge, 20127 (f. 23), letter, 20 August 1824.
41.The Paragon
1 W v B, affidavit 44, Hutchinson cites letter 20 August 1825.
2 W v B, affidavit 63, Hutchinson.
3 W v B, affidavit 44, Hutchinson cites letter from Catherine dated 28 August 1825.
4 Redbridge, 90/96 (E13), letter, 27 July 1825.
5 Ibid. (E8), letter, early August 1825.
6 Ibid. (E2), letter, 31 July 1825.
7 Quotes in following section taken from W v B, affidavit 5, Dora Tylney Long.
8 Barry, Lady Victoria, pp. 41–2.
9 Stead, p. 89.
10 Redbridge, 90/96 (E28).
42. Our Sweet Angel
1 Redbridge, 90/96 (E16), letter, 14 September 1825.
2 Ibid.
3 W v B, affidavit 62, Bulkeley, cites letter 12 September 1825.
4 Redbridge, 90/96 (E8), letter, 13 September 1825.
5 W v B, affidavit 53, William, cites letter to Yerbury dated 15 September 1825.
6 Ibid., cites letter to Pitman dated 15 September 1825.
7 Redbridge, 90/96 (loose letter), 17 September 1825.
8 Stead, p. 92.
9 Ibid., p. 82, c. September 1825.
10 The Age, 2 February 1827.
11 5 November 1826.
12 Stead, p. 82, c. September 1825.
43.Wellesley v Beaufort
1 The Times, 25 February 1826.
2 Hannah Barker, Newspapers, Politics, and Public Opinion in late Eighteenth-Century England (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998), p. 4.
3 Arthur Aspinall, Politics and the Press c. 1780–1850 (London: Home & VanÙal, 1949), p. 28.
4 Evening Herald, 14 September 1825.
5 ERO, D/DB F116/1–4 – 1810–32, 5 January 1826; Redbridge, 15 February 1826, from Bouverie to Dora Long.
6 W v B, affidavit 36, James Nixon.
7 Ibid.
8 W v B, affidavit 64, Susannah Scott.
9 Barry, Lady Victoria, p. 32, 2 December 1825.
10 ODNB, John Scott (1751–1838), Lord Chancellor and ërst Earl Eldon.
11 The Times, 5 November 1825.
12 Ibid.
13 Ibid., 7 November 1825.
14 Ibid., 5 November 1825.
15 Ibid., 18 January 1827.
16 Ibid., 25 February 1826.
17 Stead, p. 89, 24 February 1826.
18 Ibid., The Times, 18March 1826.
19 The Times, 2 November 1826.
20 Stead, p. 88, c. October 1826.
21 J. H. Baker, An Introduction to English Legal History (London: Lexis Nexis, 2002), pp. 456–7.
22 The Times, 2 November 1826.
23 Ibid.
24 The Times, 17 January 1827.
25 The Times, 30 January 1827; The Age, 4 February 1827.
26 W v B, affidavit 47, Pitman.
27 Ibid.
28 W v B, letter, 25 April 1825.
29 Redbridge, 90/96 (E17), letter, 22 February 1825.
30 W v B, letter, 1March 1825.
31 The Times, 24 January 1827.
32 BMS, 15443, an extract fromThe Effects of a Blithe Wriding on a Long Pole, hand-coloured etching by Isaac Robert Cruikshank. Published in London by John Fairburn of Ludgate Hill, 1827.
44.The Court of Public Opinion
1 Wellesley, Letters to Eldon, p. 2.
2 Ibid.
3 Stead, small volume, 17 January 1827.
4 Ibid.
5 The Times, 17 January 1827.
6 Stead, small volume, c. January 1827.
7 Ibid., 21 January 1826.
8 19 January 1827.
9 Stead, p. 83, c. December 1826.
10 22 January 1827.
11 Evening Paper, 1 February 1827, quotes Morning Chronicle.
12 Elizabeth Eger and Lucy Peltz, Brilliant Women: 18th-Century Bluestockings (London: National Portrait Gallery, 2008), p. 130.
13 Redbridge, 90/96 (E3), letter, 31 January 1827.
14 Ibid.
15 Evening Paper, 1 February 1827.
16 Details and quotes in the following section taken from Evening Paper, 1 February 1827.
17 Stone, Road to Divorce, p. 177.
18 Danaya C.Wright, ‘Policing Sexual Morality: Percy Shelley and the Expansive Scope of the Parens Patriae in the Law of Custody of Children’, Nineteenth-century Gender Studies, issue 8.2 (summer 2012), www. ncgsjournal.com/issue82/wright.htm.
19 Walter Lunden, Systematic Source Book in Juvenile Deliquency (University of Pittsburgh, 1938), pp. 63–81.
20 Stone, Divorce, pp. 177–8.
45.The Frolicsome Companion
1 Details and quotes in the following section taken from Longford, Pillar of State, pp. 252–3.
2 BMS, 15929, 1829 lithograph.
3 Ipswich Journal, 4March 1826.
4 Christie’s, sale catalogue dated 18May 1827.
5 Wellesley, Letters to Eldon, appendix D pp. 116–17, 29 April 1827.
6 Ibid.
7 Details and quotes in the following section taken from Baily’s Monthly Magazine, October 1863.
8 The Times, 18 July 1831.
9 Barry, Lady Victoria, p. 40.
10 Redbridge, 90/96 (E11), letter, 18 July 1831, from Maria Downshire to Dora Tylney Long.
11 Greg Roberts, unpublished Ph.D. thesis.
12 Ibid.
13 University of Southampton, Wellington Papers WP1/1185/33, letter, 28 July 1831, from Maria Kinnaird to the Duke of Wellington.
14 Morning Chronicle, 4 July 1857.
15 Ibid.
Epilogue
1 Barry, Lady Victoria, p. 71.
2 Ibid., p. 77.
3 Ibid., p. 76.
4 Morning Chronicle, 26 April 1839, 26 April 1843.
5 Redbridge, 90/96 (E4), letter, 19 February 1826.
6 Redbridge, 90/96 (E17), letter, 22 February 1825.
7 ODNB, William IV; Ziegler, William IV, pp. 150–55.
8 Jeremy Bentham, Works of Jeremy Bentham, vol. 3 (Edinburgh:William Tait, 1843), p. 27.
9 Redbridge, 90/96 (E10).
10 Ibid. (E11), letter, 14 January 1825.
11 Georgina Green, Epping Forest through the Ages (London: Kingfisher, 1982), p. 49. Officially, Wanstead Park did not form part of this open space until 1 August 1882.