BIBLIOGRAPHY

This is not a textbook and I don’t want to overload readers with references, but it’s obviously important that I back up my arguments and give credit where it’s due, so here are the essential references for each part (cited once only for each, though they may be relevant to more than one chapter) prefaced by my recommended reading list for anyone who wishes to go deeper, listed alphabetically in both cases. The general reading list is far from exhaustive, and some of the books I’ve included are more technical than others. Readers should also be aware that in a fast-moving field some of their contents are likely to be out of date.

GENERAL READING

  • Anthony D. W. 2007. The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Demoule J.-P. 2023. The Indo-Europeans: Archaeology, Language, Race, and the Search for the Origins of the West. Translated by Rhoda Cronin-Allanic. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Evans N. 2022. Words of Wonder: Endangered Languages and What They Tell Us. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. 2nd edn.
  • Fortson B. W. IV. 2010. Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell. 2nd edn.
  • Krause J. and Trappe T. 2021. A Short History of Humanity: How Migration Made Us Who We Are. Translated by Caroline Waight. London: W. H. Allen.
  • Kristiansen K., Kroonen G. and Willerslev E. (eds). 2023. The Indo-European Puzzle Revisited: Integrating Archaeology, Genetics, and Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mallory J. P. and Adams D. Q. 2006. The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Olander T. 2022. The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ostler N. 2005. Empires of the Word: A Language History of the World. London: HarperCollins.
  • Reich D. 2018. Who We Are and How We Got Here: Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past. New York: Pantheon.

REFERENCES

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  • 1: Genesis
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Wilkin S. et al. 2021. Dairying enabled Early Bronze Age Yamnaya steppe expansions. Nature 598:629–33. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03798-4

  • 3: First Among Equals
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  • Goedegebuure P. M. 2008. Central Anatolian languages and language communities in the colony period: a Luwian-Hattian symbiosis and the independent Hittites. In: Anatolia and the Jazira during the Old Assyrian Period. Dercksen J. G. (ed). Leuven: Peeters. 137–80.
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  • Haak W. et al. 2015. Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe. Nature 522(7555):207–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14317
  • Heggarty P. et al. 2023. Language trees with sampled ancestors support a hybrid model for the origin of Indo-European languages. Science 381:6656. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abg0818
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  • 4: Over The Range
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  • 5: Lark Rising
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  • 6: The Wandering Horse
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